HU5.BC Early History of Michigan BIOGRAPHIES STATE OFFICERS, ■ MEMBERS OF CONGRESS JUDGES AND LEGISLATORS. Published Pursuant to Act 59, 1887. LANSING: THORP & GODFREY, STATE PRINTERS AND BINDERS. 1888. i PEEFAOE. This compilation was commenced by the Semi-Centennial Commis- sion, and has been completed under the direction of Governor Luce, as provided by a law of the session of 1887. Many biographies have been condensed more than was desirable, to bring the volume within reasonable size ; others are brief because full data could not be obtained. The other features of the work are brief. Several hundred sketches have not been wiitten, and a full list of these names will be found at the close of the work. Of most no rec- ord could be obtained. Of those living many failed to answer letters of inquiry. In other cases promised aid has not been given. Thanks are tendered to those who have taken time and trouble to give information. The compiler is also indebted to county histories, Farmer's history of Detroit, and other works for information of value. Most of the Wayne county sketches were furnished by S. B. McCracken. The history is a portion of that written by the compiler for the Michigan census of 1884. The object of the work, to preserve in compact form the record of Statesmen, Judges, and Legislators of Michigan, will be more and more appreciated with the lapse of time. There are errors no doubt, but the information is from the best attainable sources. It is a just tribute by the people of Michigan to the memory of those who, under Territorial and State rule, have made Michigan one of the greatest and best States in the Union. S. D. BINGHAM. Lansing, March, 1888. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2008 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/earlyhistoryofmiOOIansuoft EAKLT HISTORY OF MICHIGAK Michigan made very slow progress in settlement and population up to 1820. From its first discovery, about 1610, until 1763, the Territory was claimed, or governed by the French. It was then ceded to Great Biitain, and in 1783, at the close of the war of the Revolution, was transferred to the United States. The British government, in viola- tion of the treaty, retained possession of the military posts of the Ter- ritory, and it did not come into actual American possession untilJuly 11, 1796. It was attached to the Northwest Territory until 1802, when, by act of Congress, that portion west of the east line of Indiana became a part of the Territory of Indiana. In 1805 the Territory of Michigan was constituted, with the provisions of the Ordinance of 1787 as its fundamental law. It included *' all that part of Indiana Territory which lies north of a line drawn east from the southerly bend or extreme of Lake Michigan, until it shall intersect Lake Erie, and east of a line drawn from the said southerly bend through the middle of said lake to its northern extremity, and thence due north to the north- ern boundary of the United States." In 1816 a strip of land equal to thirty townships was taken from the southern portion of the Terri- tory, and became a part of the State of Indiana. In 1818 Congress increased the area of the Territory, adding all east of the Mississippi river and north of Illinois. In 1819 authority was given to elect a delegate to Congress. The limits of the Territory remained unchanged up to 1834, when all the territory north of Missouri and east of the Missouri and White Earth rivers was added to the Territory of Michi- gan. It then comprised the area now occupied by the States of Michi- gan, WiscoDsin, Iowa, MinneEota, and a large portion of Dakota. By the organization of Wiscorsjn Teriitory in 1836, and the admission of Michigan into the Union in 1837, the State was reduced to its present area. 6 EAELY HISTOKY OF MICHIGAN. MICHIGAN UNDER FRENCH RULE. French navigators of the lakes skirted the shores of Michigan as early as 1612. Jesuit missions are said to have been founded in the Upper Peninsula in 1641. In 1668 Marquette founded a mission at Sault-de-Ste-Marie, and another the same or the next year at Michili- mackinac. This last mission was located on the point now known as St. Ignace. " The missions at the Sault-de-Ste-Marie and Michili- mackinac are regarded as the first completely ascertained settlements within the present State of Michigan." These Jesuit missions were founded to convert the Indians to the Catholic faith. The trading posts were established to enable the own- ers to realize the enormous profits in the barter of cheap merchandise for furs. Neither priest nor trader cared for the permanent settle- ment and development of the country by the immigration of French farmers. One sought to sway the Indian by appeals to the better impulses of the heart ; the other accepted his habits and customs, and by intermarriage and adoption into tribes acquired great influ- ence. The methods of both were not favorable to the founding of stable colonies. The country was in a disturbed condition for many years before its surrender to the British. Through intrigues the Hurons were by degrees led away from their fidelity to the French, and from 1747 to 1760 the people were kept in an almost constant state of alarm. Dur- ing the border wars between the French and English, Detroit furnished supplies to French troops in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. The war resulted disastrously for the French, and New France, so long in their possession, was reluctantly surrendered. Quebec, the strong- hold of their dominion, had opened its gates to the British in 1759, but it was not until September 8, 1760, that Montreal and all Canada came into British possession. Four days after Major Rogers was ordered to Detroit. His force was stopped by Pontiac on the way. With the consent of that chief he reached Detroit Nov. 29, 1760. Another year passed by before British garrisons occupied the forts at St. Marie, Mackinaw,*and St. Joseph. It was not until February 10, 1763, that by treaty Canada was ceded to Great Britain. At that time there were about 75,000 whites in all Canada, and pos- sibly two thousand in Michigan. In 1757 it was stated by Bougain- ville that there were two hundred habitations, and in 1768 there were 514^ acres of land under cultivation, and 9,789 French bushels of corn produced. The territory had belonged to France for 150 years, dating from the founding of Quebec, and had been the site of missions for 90 years. During all these years the colonists had been loyal to EARLY HISTORY OF MICHIGAN*. France. It had been at the best only a military despotism, conced- ing few rights to the people, but they had been brave, docile, patient and true for almost a century. The Indians had profited by the skill of their neighbors, and could in times of peace raise sufficient food, and their other needs were supplied through the barter of furs. A hundred years had done less to settle and improve the country than is now often accomplished by some little colony in Dakota during a sin- gle year. It was the end of French rule, and fatal Had it proved to all real progress. MICHIGAN UNDER BRITISH RULE. The British had possession of Michigan from 1760 until 1796, although by the treaty at the close of the War of the Revolution, it had been ceded to the United States." Ex'^ept the little settlement at and about Detroit, there were a few French traders at Mackinaw, and one family at St. Marie. There was practically no increase of popu- lation under British rule. The change of possession intensified the hostility of the savage. The French settlers were compelled to sub- mit by the troops which held the forts. With these troops came Dutch and Scotch traders, who became their most formidable rivals for the limited trade. The French trader had kept cupidity within bounds so as to retain the good will of the Indian. Some of the new traders were disposed to deal fairly. Of others Parkman says, they " were ruffians of the coarsest stamp, who vied with each other in rapacity, violence and profligacy. They cheated, plundered, and cursed the Indians and outraged their families, offering, when com- pared with the French traders who were under better regulation, a most unfavorable example of the character of their nation." These men freely supplied the Indians with guns and ammunition, which were soon to be used to plunder and ravage the frontier. The rule of the French had been arbitrary ; it remained the same. What the settler had quietly endured under his own flag, was not readily borne under his nation's bitterest foe. Military rule was the only law, and the commander was the sole judge and director of the destinies of the people. The result can readily be foreseen. The Indian had been the nat- ural ally of the French, and both were ready to do anything to restore French dominion. On the western borders of the States to the south settlers were constantly encroaching upon the lands of the Indians. They looked forward to the time when they would be driven from their hunting grounds to the western wilds. Presents, which had been liberally made by the French, were entirely withheld by the English, or sparingly dealt out to them. In the meantime nothing was done to secure an agricultural population. 8 EARLY HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. In 1763 Poatiac, an Ottawa chief, secured a confederation of many tribes, and made a well planned attempt to capture the military posts from Niagara to Chicago. The attack was to be made simultaneously, and British power to be destroyed in a single day. He personally undertook the capture of Detroit. The attack followed as planned, and nine of the twelve forts were taken. Detroit was saved, but Mackinaw was taken, with the massacre of the entire garrison, while only four were brought in as prisoners from St. Joseph. The preser- vation of Detroit was due to the timely warning given by an Indian woman, who informed Major Gladwin, commandant of the fort, that Pontiac, with sixty chiefs, would demand a council on the 7th of May, 1763, when they intended, at a given signal, to shoot down the oflBLcers, admit their followers, kill all Englishmen, and spare the French. The attempt failed. Pontiac found the garrison ready for him and retired. Various stratagems were laid on following days, all of which failed. Foiled, Pontiac and his followers made an open attack, which was repulsed with the aid of two armed vessels in the river. But the post remained in a state of siege until August, when it was relieved by the arrival of General Bradstreet with a large force. During the winter of 1763, Sir William Johnson, at Niagara, succeeded in effect- ing reconciliation with several tribes, but Pontiac through 1764-5 remained an obdurate enemy, but finally consented to make peace. In October, 1763, by royal proclamation, the purchase of any lands not ceded by the Indians to the government was strictly forbidden. It was not for the interest of Great Britain to foster the colonies so far as to build up manufactures. They must purchase from the mother country. With the entire control of the fur trade, cupidity opposed the felling of the forest. It must be reserved, that the animals whose abundance supplied the trade might not be driven out or destroyed. The British, like their predecessors, had no ambition or desire to see the country settled and improved. The military policy of the Pontiac war was so far changed as in a measure to secure the good will of the Indians. Detroit became the central point, from which war parties were sent out against the tribes still in sympathy with the French. The Governor-general of Canada had no interest and little knowledge of the colony. Sir Guy Carleton, who commanded at the commencement of the American Revolution, before the British Parliament in 1774, when asked whether both Detroit and Michigan were under his government replied, " Detroit is not under the government, but Michigan is." The bulk of the population was French, and so continued until after 1820. Nothing occurred of importance for twenty years. A people :barly history of michigak. with nothing to do ; a garrison in idleness ; a commandant with no interest outside of his military duties ; this was the only history. The colony remained undisturbed through the American Revolution. It was distinguished as a military center, and many hostile parties, com- posed of a small number of regulars, piloted large bodies of Indians to the banks of the Ohio river. With the commencement of the war, Patrick Sinclair had been appointed Lieutenant Governor at Macki- naw, and Captain Henry Hamilton to the same position at Detroit. Millions of dollars in supplies were sent to both places for distribution among the Indians, and liberal bounties were paid for scalps. Among these supplies the tomakawk and scalping knife has a prominent place. During sixteen months the supplies were immense: 362,460 barrels of flour, 42,176 pounds of fresh beef, 16,473 pounds of salt beef, 19,756 pounds of butter, 203,932 pounds of salt pork, and 58J tons of gunpowder were among the items received at Detroit. Of the result of such an order as " sixty gross of scalping knives," Governor Ham- ilton, in January, 1778, wrote to General Carleton that the Indians had brought in 23 prisoners and 129 scalps. In another letter of Sep- tember, 1778, he says, "Since last May the Indians have taken 34 prisoners, 17 of which they delivered up, and 81 scalps." With the close of the war, by the final treaty of September ?, 1783, the American government understood that the territory south of the great lakes was conceded to them, and that all military posts were to be surrendered within five months. But no move was made in that direction, nor was any notice sent to commandants of military posts. President Washington sent Baron Steuben to take possession of Detroit, but Gen. Haldimand, at Quebec, refused him passports, and wrote that no orders had been received to deliver up the posts. In 1784 another attempt to gain possession was refused. John Adams, then minister to England, in 1786 made demand for the surrender of the forts, and was refused, on the ground that the States had failed to fulfill stipulations as to debts due to British subjects. In 1787 the military force was greatly increased at Detroit, two full regiments being stationed there. Defensive works were erected, and every preparation made to resist a siege. Thus encouraged the Indians increased in hostility, and many set- tlers were killed in the Northwest Territory, of which Michigan was a part. This resulted in sending out troops to subdue them, first under General Harmer, who was defeated, October 22, 1790, with the loss of 600 men. The scalps of these American soldiers were strung on poles and brought to Detroit. In 1791, Gen. St. Clair, with 1,400 troops, was defeated on the Wabash river. Government then attempted to make peace, but found that the Indians would not consent to it, unless their 10 EARLY HISTORY OF MlOHIGAi?-. rights were conceded as extending to the Ohio river. It was finally determined to send Gen. Wayne with a sufficient force to secure a decisive victory. Nearly all the military force at Detroit was sent to resist him, on the Miami. On the 30th of August, 1794, the combined British and Indian forces were defeated in a hard fought battle. In 1794 John Jay was sent to England to negotiate, and the Jay treaty was ratified by the President in 1795. It provided that on or before the first day of June, 1796, British garrisons should be with- drawn from all posts and places within the United States. Under this treaty an American force under Captain Porter took possession of Detroit, July 11, 1796. A garrison was soon after sent to Mack- inaw, and Michigan was at last under the protection of the American flag. General Wayne and Winthrop Sargent soon after visited Detroit and received a cordial welcome. MICHIGAN UNDER AMERICAN RULE. From 1796 to 1805 Michigan was attached to other territories. On the fifteenth of August, 1796, Secretary Sargent, by proclamation, organized the county of Wayne. It included the lower, and a large portion of the upper peninsula, a large tract across the northern bor- der of the present States of Ohio and Indiana, and a strip along the entire western shore of Lake Michigan, including the present sites of Chicago, Milwaukee, and Green Bay. In all this territory, over which so many times had swept the tide of war during the previous hun- dred years, the only land under cultivation was the narrow border extending from the river Rasin to Lake St. Clair. To this the Indian title had been secured in 1785, by Gov. Arthur St, Clair of the North- west territory, it being described as "the port of Detroit with a district of land beginning at the mouth of the river Rosine, at the west end of Lake Erie, and running up the southern bank of said river six miles, thence northerly, and always six miles west of the strait, until it strikes the Lake St. Clair." It also secured the post at Mackinaw, and twelve miles square about it. The consideration was $6,000. In 1795 General Wayne, by an Indian treaty made at Greenville, Ohio, secured the same territory in Michigan; also, the islands of Mackinaw and Bois Blanc, and a piece of land on the Straits of Mack- inaw, to measure six miles in length and three miles back from the straits between Lakes Huron and Michigan. Twelve tribes were represented by 1,113 Indians — the most prominent being the Wyan- dots, Delawares, Shawanese, Ottawas, Chippewas, and Pottawat- tomies. In 1808, Governor Hull secured a tract of land running north from the mouth of Auglaize river until it intersects the latitude of the out- EARLY HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 11 let of Lake Huron, thence northeast to White Rock. The southern boundary was the Maumee river. This tract covered the land east of the present meridian line. By the treaty made at Saginaw in 1819, Gen. Cass obtained in addi- tion the strip "commencing six miles south of the base line on the boundary of 1808 treaty, thence west sixty miles, thence north in a direct line to the head of Thunder Bay river ; thence down the same to the mouth." Gen. Cass, in his report of this acquisition, says : "A large portion of the country ceded is of the first character for soil and situation ; it will vie with any land I have seen north of the Ohio river. The cession probably contains more than six million acres." The above were the principal cessions of land by the Indians, up to the time they were thrown into market as public lands, which was in 1818. Under the ordinance of 1787 whenever the Northwest Territory had 5,000 free white inhabitants, the people had a right to choose a Legis- lature, who could elect a delegate to Congress. In 1798 Wayne county sent three delegates to the general assembly at Chilicothe, five hun- dred free white males being required for each delegate. The public expenses were defrayed by the issue of bills of credit. SLAVES IN MICHIGAN. The ordinance of 1787 had provided that " there shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in the punishment of crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted." Under both French and English rule there had been a few slaves in Michigan. Some were brought in, but most of them were Indians pur- chased from the savages who had captured and held them as house- hold servants. Under Jay's treaty the right of ownership in both these classes was held to be good. There is no record to show the number. So far as the census returns indicate, from 1800 to 1830 there were very few slaves. None were returned in 1800, when Wayne county was attached to the Territory of Ohio. In 1810, Wayne county com- prised the whole Territory of Michigan, and was divided into four civil districts. Twenty-four slaves were returned in all, of which seven- teen were in the civil district of Detroit, four in Erie, two in Huron, and one in Mackinaw. In 1830 no slaves were returned. In 1830 thirty-two slaves were enumerated. Of these all but one were from territory now forming part of Wisconsin. One slave was returned from Oakland county, a female between the age of fourteen and twenty-four. With that census ended the record of slavery in Michigan. 12 EARLY HISTORY OF MICHIGAIT. 1800 TO 1805. In 1800 the Northwest Territory contained a population of 43,365. Wayne county, of which part was in the present States of Ohio and Indiana, returned 3,206 inhabitants. Detroit contained about three hundred houses. The only cultivated lands were contained in a strip three miles wide, bordering on Detroit river and the lakes, except a few hundred acres about Mackinaw. More than three-fourths of the total population were French, and Catholics in religion. Two-thirds were males. By the admission of Ohio as a State in 1803, and the organization of the Territory of Indiana, Michigan became attached to that Territory. The union was brief. Congress organized the Ter- ritory of Michigan June 30, 1805. The Legislature of Ohio had granted a charter for the " Town of Detroit " in 1802. But there had been no perceptible increase in population during the nine years since the national government had assumed control of the Territory. Some French families had come in from Canada ; others had gone out who preferred British rule. There was no opportunity to become land- holders, while the merchants were sufficient for the trade. MICHIGAN UNDER GOV. HULL. President Jefferson appointed General Wm. Hull Governor of the Territory, and he reached Detroit July 1, 1805. He was an offi- cer of the Revolution, but was entirely unfitted for the duties required on the western frontier. Stanley Griswold, from Connecticut, was the first Secretary. The Judges were Augustus B. Woodward and Frederick Bates, and John Griffin became a Judge in 1806. Griswold could not agree with Gov. Hull, and Reuben Atwater, of Vermont, succeeded him at the end of three years. Just before the arrival of Gov. Hull, the town of Detroit had been entirely consumed by fire. The court commenced its sittings under a " bower " erected for that purpose. A Territorial seal was adopted in 1805. The first grand jury presented the subject of public lands as requiring immediate attention. LANDS AND TITLES. The American State papers furnish voluminous evidence of the great obstacles to the settlement of Michigan from the impossibility of securing legal titles. Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treas- ury, had as early as 1790 presented to Congress a plan for the disposi- tion of the public lands. But nothing had been done in Michigan, and it was in response to this action of the grand jury that President Jef- ferson, in February, 1804, gave to Congress the report of C. Jouett, •*-ndian agent at Detroit, of the situation of the titles and occupations EAKLY HISTORY OF MICHIGAN". 13 of lands, private and public. He made a full report of over four hun- dred farms. One hundred and twenty-one farms were located on the river Rai- sin, 23 on Otter Creek, 16 on Sandy Creek, 16 on Ecorce or Bark river, 43 on the river Rouge, 10 onGrosse Isle, 23 on the banks of the Detroit river between the Rouge and Detroit, 60 between Detroit and Grosse Point, 24 from Grosse Point to Lake St. Clair, 30 on Miik river, a branch of the Huron, 34 on the river Huron, 12 at Point O'Tramble, six miles above the mouth of the St. Clair river, and twelve miles above that point, 25 on the St. Clair river. It was in 1806, before Congress began the consideration of land titles in Michigan. Judge Woodward made a report to the Secretary of the Treasury, which was laid before Congress. He stated that the amount of land in cultivation did not exceed 150,000 acres, or a little more than six townships, while he over-estimated the entire area at 76,000,000 acres, and the quantity of good land at only eighteen to twenty millions of acres. He describes the farms as from two to four acres front on the river, the houses about twenty-five rods apart ; the people, " honest beyond comparison, generous, hospitable, and pol- ished ; they seek in the duties of piety, and in the pleasures of socia- bility, an oblivion of all the cares of ambition and of avarice, as well as of science." The lands claimed comprised several classes; those made by Gov- ernors of Canada and Louisiana and confirmed by the King of France; those made by Governors and not confirmed by the King; those made by military officers, without grant or confirmation, but accompanied by long and undisturbed possession; those with similar titles, and extinguishment of native titles while the territory belonged to Great Britain; and those occupied, with extinguishment of native titles, since the country came under the control of the United States. He reported in all 442 farms, with dates of settlement running from 1763 to 1801. Nearly all of these were French claims, bordering on the rivers, with from two to five acres front, and forty acres in depth. This was a French acre, less than four-fifths of an American acre. The largest purchase mentioned was that of Patrick Sinclair, on St. Clair river, comprising 4,000 acres, taken in 1765. Only six of these farms had good titles, as appears from the report made Dec. 1, 1806, by the Register of the Land Office at Detroit. Thus, after the lapse of one hundred and five years since the settle- ment of Detroit, there were less than 4,000 acres of land to which there was a valid title. Commissioners, however, took the claims under consideration, and made full reports to Government. In 1807, Congress passed an act confirming all grantees or heirs prior to July 3 14 EARLY HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 1, 1796, in their titles, not to exceed 640 acres in each tract. A subse- quent act confirmed the titles of settlers, outside of the vicinity of Detroit, who were in possession in 1812. By Gov. Hull's treaty with the Indians in 1808, the territory as far west as the principal meridian line, running through the present counties of Hillsdale, Jackson, Ingham, and Shiawassee, to a point near Owosso, and thence northeast to White Rock, on Lake Huron, was secured to the government, and ready for survey, but no survey was made, and no lands could be obtained. These surveys were not made from a constant fear of trouble with the Indians. Gov. Hull was infirm of purpose, and unpopular with the settlers. Owing to his representations, the town of Detroit was stockaded in 1807, and from that time until after the close of the war in 1815, there was little dis- position to clear and settle on lands, except within hailing distance of Detroit. The history of Michigan, under the entire administration of Gov. Hull, was one of bickerings between the judges. When they were not at enmity among themselves, some of them were in opposition to the Governor. The whole civil and military power was in their hands; all laws were made and repealed by them. The Governor and judges in turn were presented before the grand jury. Each had his friends and sympathizers, who now and then came to blows. In 1807 and 1808 it was evident that the Indians meant mischief. They had signed treaties ceding their lands without understanding them. It was for the interest of the Northwest Company that the country should remain a wilderness. Their agent at Maiden was giving out guns and ammunition, and the British company distributed their annual presents with a lavish hand. Under Tecumseh, a Shawnee chief, whose home was on the upper Wabash, a union of the tribes was gradually effected. In 1811 the forces under Gen. Harrison defeated him at Tippecanoe, which secured the peace of that region for a short time. Gov. Hull was in Washington at the time of this battle, to urge the government to take possession of the lakes with armed vessels. Practically his civil administration then ceased. War was declared against Great Britain, June 18, 1812. The news reached the British, at Maiden, several days in advance of that furnished to Governor Hull, and resulted in the early fall of Mackinaw, which surrendered August 16, 1812. By order of the President, a regiment of regular troops and twelve hundred Ohio volunteers were placed under the command of Gover- nor Hull. One of these Ohio regiments was under the command of Lewis Cass, his first appearance in the affairs of Michigan. General Hull, with his forces, arrived at Detroit, July 5, and took n EAKLY HISTORY OF MICHIGAl^. 15 possession of the fort, which he disgracefully surrendered, without firing a gun in its defense, August 16, 1812. It was the surrender of a superior force within fortifications. The officers and men under Gen. Hull received the surrender with just indignation. With the fall of Detroit all Michigan passed into the hands of the British. From August 16, 1812, to September 28, 1813, Detroit was under British control. Mackinaw was not restored to our government until July 1, 1815. The Indian atrocities of the war of the Revolution were repeated, and culminated in the Indian massacre at Frenchtown, of which a graphic account is given in Campbell's History of Michigan. It was the most atrocious act of the war. Of nine hundred soldiers only fifty escaped capture; more than four hundred were killed, and many others were scalped on their way to Maiden. Testimony submitted by Judge Woodward to Congress proved that many of the dead bodies were literally devoured by dogs and hogs. The brutal Proctor, the British officer in command at Detroit, refused burial to these men, many of whom, wounded as they were, had been burned alive. The prisoners who reached Detroit were ransomed by the citizens, the price paid being from ten to eighty dollars. It was more than five months after the massacre before Proctor took any steps toward the ransom of prisoners, and then only five dollars were offered per man. Gen. Cass, in an article in the North American Review of April, 1827, con- clusively proves that the British Government did not ransom a single prisoner during the entire war. Not satisfied with allowing the Indians to capture and murder with- out restraint. Proctor banished the leading citizens of Detroit, who had distinguished and impoverished themselves by the ransom of prisoners. No wonder that the brutality of Proctor called forth the denunciation of Edmund Burke, in the British Parliament. With the victory of Commodore Perry the power of Great Britain in western Canada was broken, and Michigan was safe for the future. MICHIGAN UNDER LEWIS CASS. On the surrender of Detroit, Colonel Lewis Cass, with his regiment, had been left in charge of the post. His appointment soon after as Territorial Governor was the beginning of the future of Michigan. A native of New Hampshire, he had settled at Marietta, Ohio, at the age of seventeen. After receiving a liberal education he had become a lawyer, had been a member of the Legislature, and Marshal of the State of Ohio. He had served' with courage and success through the war. Above all, from habits and training, he was familiar with the needs of the people. No man in the Northwest was better qualfied to 16 EARLY HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. deal with the Indian. Under him government acquired by various treaties all lands south of Grand river to the headwaters of Thunder Bay river, as well as such as were required to make the posts at Mack- inaw and elsewhere safe for the future. By some of these treaties lands were exchanged for other lands west of the lakes. MILITARY BOUNTY LANDS. In 1812 Congress had appropriated two milUion acres to be selected in the Territory of Michigan as bounty lands to volunteers. At the close of the war the survey of these lands was ordered. Edward Tiffin was then Surveyor General, with his office at Chilicothe, Ohio. A party of surveyors were sent out, who commenced in November, 1815, to run a line north, nearly upon the present meridian line. They pretended to go some fifty miles, sent back several discouraging reports, and, without orders, returned to Chilicothe. They were undoubtedly in fear of Indian attacks; suffered from cold weather; encountered more difficulties on the line than would have been found either east or west of it; and might have met with other and better inducements to make unfavorable reports. At the close of the war 68,500 men were reported as entitled to 160 acres of land each, requiring 10,960,000 acres. Whether the selection of the lands would have increased the popula- tion with greater rapidity is not easy to determine. It is certainly the fact that up to October 1, 1821, only 71,975 acres of land had been sold in Michigan, while 2,396,160 acres had been surveyed, and the Indian title had been extinguished to 10,399,360 acres. In the same year, and at a date six months earlier, bounty warrants had issued for 967,500 acres, changed by Congress from Michigan to Illinois. The cause that led to this change came about through the following letter of Tiffin: " Surveyor GENERAti's Ofpice, I Chilicothe, Nov. 30. 1816. j " The surveyors, who went to survey the military land in Michigan territory, have been obliged to suspend their operations until the country shall be suffi- ciently frozen 80 as to bear man and beast. Knowing the desire of the govern- ment to have the lands surveyed as soon as practicable, and my earnest impor- tunities to urge the work forward, they continued at work, suffering incredible hardships, until both men and beasts were literally worn down with extreme sufferings and fatigue. The frost set in early, and the ice covered nearly the whole country, but broke through at every step, and the pack horses could not be got along with them. They were, therefore, obliged to submit to the climate and its attendant rigors, and desist for awhile, intending to attack them again so soon as they think it possible to proceed." " I annex a description of the country, which has been sent to me, and which, I am informed, all the surveyors concur in; it was only yesterday I received it, and heard of their return. So soon as their health and strength is recruited, I expect to see them all, only one of them having been here yet. In the meantime, I think EARLY HISTORY OF MICHIGAN-. 17 it my duty to give you the information, believing tliat it is the wish of the Gov- ernment that the soldiers should have (as the act of Congress expresses) lands fit for cultivation; and that the whole of the two millio)is of acres appropriated in the territory of Michigan will not contain anything like one-hundredth part of that quantity, or is worth the expense of surveying it. Perhaps you may think with me, that it will be proper to make this representation to the President of the United States, and he may arrest all further proceedings, by directing me to pay off what has been done, and abandon the country." " Congress being in session, other lands could be appropriated in lieu of these, and might be surveyed as soon as those in Michigan ; for when the ice is suflft- ciently strong to bear man and beast, a deep snow would still embarrass the sur- veyors. I shall, therefore, wait to hear your answer to this communication before I proceed any further, thinking I should be unfaithful to my trust if I had lost any time in communicating the information received." Description of the Military Lands in Michigan Territory. "The country on the Indian boundary line, from the mouth of the great Auglaize river, and running thence for about fifty miles, is (with some few exceptions) low, wet land, with a thick growth of underbrush, intermixed with very bad marshes, but generally very heavily timbered with beech, cotton wood, oak, etc.; from thence, continuing north, and extending from the Indian bound- ary line eastward, the number and extent of the swamps increases, with the addition of numbers of lakes from twenty chains to two and three miles across- many of the lakes have extensive marshes adjoining their margins, sometimes thickly covered with a species of pine called ' tamirak,' and other places cov- ered with a coarse, high grass, and uniformly covered from six inches to three feet (and more at limes) with water: the margins of the lakes are not the only places where swamps are found, for they are interspersed throughout the whole country, and filled with water as above stated, and varying in extent. The inter- mediate space between the swamps and lakes, which is probably near one-half of the country. Is, with a very [few] exceptions, a poor, barren, sandy land, on which scarcely any vegetation grows, except very small, scrubby oaks. In many places that part which may be called dry land, is composed of little short sand hills, forming a kind of deep basins, the bottom of many of which are composed of a marsh similar to those above described. The streams are generally narrow^ and very deep, compared with their width; the shores and bottoms of which are (with a very few exceptions) swampy beyond description; and it is with the utmost diificulty that a place can be found over which horses can be conveyed. A circumstance peculiar to that country is exhibited in many of the marshes, by their being thinly covered with a sward of grass, by walking on which evinced the existence of water, or a very thin mud, immediately under that thin cover- ing, which sinks from six to eighteen inches from the pressure of the foot at every step, and at the same time rising before and behind the person passing over. The margins of many of the lakes and streams are in a similar situation, and in many places are literally afloat. On approaching the eastern part of the military lands, towards the private claims, in the straits and lakes, the country does not contain so many swamps and lakes, but the extreme sterility and bar- renness of the soil continues the same. Taking the country altogether, so far as has been explored, and to all appearance, together with the information received concurring, the balance is as bad, there would not be more than one acre out of a hundred, if there would be one out of a thousand, that would, in any case, admit of cultivation. " With great respect, I am your ofcedient servant, Edward Tiffin. " The Hon. Josiah Meigs, Commissioner General Land Office, Washington." 18 EAKLY HISTOKY OF MICHIGAi^^. Tiffin writes again to the Commissioner, under date of Dec. 11, 1815: ** I am very anxious to hear from you since my representation of Mich- igan went on. Subsequent accounts confirm the statements, and make the country out worse (if possible) than I had represented it to be." Wilham H. Crawford, Secretary of War, under date of January 23, 1816, wrote to Commissioner Meigs, asking him to designate a tract of land from which these miUtary bounty lands could be selected, and that officer recommended two millions of acres from the Illinois ces- sion. February 6, 1816, President Madison, by special message to con- gress, asked the designation of other lands, as the lands in Michigan Territory " are so covered with swamps and lakes, or otherwise unfit for cultivation, that a very inconsiderable proportion can be applied to the intended grants." The change was made by congress, as requested. Michigan had no newspaper to meet the charges, while this opinion of Michigan had a wide circulation through the press of the eastern States. At this time both the Land and Indian offices were connected with the War Department. Indian Agent Jouett had made a favorable report in 1803, of Michigan lands. There was on file a complete con- tradiction of the statements of Tiffin. Jouett said of the lands on the river Raisin: "An excellent soil, producing twenty-five to thirty bushels to the acre of wheat, or other grain in the same proportion. Their orchards are yet young, but promise in a few years to be very productive." Of the settlements on the Ecorce: "The country is level, the soil rich , and sufficiently dry for any kind of cultivation. The grass and wheat are astonishingly luxuriant, and nature requires to be but little aided to produce in abundance all the necessaries of life." Of farms on Lake St. Clair: "The soil is dark, rich and strong, and extremely favorable to the production of wheat." This report was full, explicit, and in direct contradiction to that of Tiffin. In 1818 the people refused to advance a grade in government and elect their own legislators. The French were opposed to it, as it would have entailed an expense they did not feel able to bear. But in 1819 congress allowed the Territory a delegate in congress, and William Woodbridge, afterwards United States Senator, was elected. The tide of emigration had commenced, and the census of 1820 proved that the population, which had remained almost stationary for half a century, had doubled since 1810. But the real advance commenced when the Erie canal was opened in 1825, and emigrants could reach Michigan by water from Albany. With the opening of lands to public sale came a demand for township and county organi- zations, of which Governor Cass was a warm advocate. Under the EARLY HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 19 organic law this power was exercised by him. Wayne was the only county from 1796 to 1817. Monroe county was organized July 14, 1817; Macomb, January 15, 1818; and Michilimackinac, October 26, 1818. On the same day, Brown and Crawford counties were organ- ized, comprising the territory now in the State of Wisconsin. Oakland county was organized January 12, 1819, and St. Clair county in 1820. The counties of Lapeer, Sanilac, Saginaw, Shiawassee, Washtenaw, and Lenawee, were laid out in 1822. The first township organization was that of Detroit in 1802. Mackinaw Island was organized as a township in 1817, and Monguagon, Wayne county, in 1818. In 1824 the government passed from the first to the second grade. Up to that year the people had no power. It was all vested in the Governor and Judges. They now elected eighteen persons, from which the Presi- dent selected nine, to act as the Legislative Council. The first Coun- cil assembled in Detroit, June 7, 1824. From 1821 to 1825 the sales of land had exceeded 220,000 acres, and on the 30th of June, 1827, the total lands sold were 373,000 acres. Within six years more than six times as much land had been sold and settled upon as in the entire previous history of the territory. There was no longer a doubt of the future. The era of prosperity had com- menced which would soon bring Michigan into the Union. In 1821 all the territory west of that ceded by the Indians in 1819, and as far north as Grand river, was obtained by treaty. This gave full one-half of the Lower Peninsula to the government. The remain- der of the Lower Peninsula, and so much of the Upper Peninsula a^, lies east of the Chocolate river was not obtained until 1836. In 1825 the Legislative Council was increased from nine to thirteen members, to be selected from twenty-six by the President. In January, 1827, Congress allowed the people of the Territory to elect thirteen mem- bers, who were to form the council, without the sanction of the President. FROM 1830 TO 1837. The United States census of 1830 gave the Territory a population of 31,639, while in 1820 it was only 8,896. Emigrants came in like a flood. The counties of Hillsdale, Branch, Berrien, Cass, Jackson, Calhoun, Van Buren, St. Joseph, Ingham and Eaton, had been laid out prior to this census, and some of them organized. In 1831 Governor Cass was called to the cabinet of President Jackson, and resigned the position of Governor, which he had so ably filled for eighteen years. The people began to talk of the coming State. The emigration to the Territory, every year from 1830 to 1836, probably exceeded the total population in 1830. The Black Hawk war, which broke out in 1832, and the cholera, 20 EARLY HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. which committed such fearful ravages from 1833 to 1834, delayed any attempt to form a State constitution. A census was ordered in 1834 , which gave a population of 87,273 white inhabitants. Under .the ordinance of 1787 Michigan was entitled to admission as a State when it numbered 60,000 free white inhabitants. The Legislative Council, by an act passed January 26, 1835, author- ized the people to elect on the coming 4th of April eighty-nine dele- gates, who were to meet in Detroit on the second Monday of May, 1835. This convention adopted a State constitution, and adjourned on the 24th of June. This constitution was adopted by the people, and State officers were elected on the first Monday of October, 1835. As provided in the State constitution, the first Legislature met on the first Monday of November, 1835. On the tenth of November Lucius Lyon and John Norvell were elected United States Senators. After a short session, the Legislature adjourned until the first Mon- day of February, 1836, hoping that before that time Congress would admit the State into the Union. In this they were disappointed. It was not until June 15, 1836, that the bill passed Congress admitting the States of Arkansas and Michigan, but with the proviso that Michi- gan was not to be received unless it accepted the northern boundary of Ohio, as fixed by Congress. As a compensation for this loss of ter- ritory on the southern boundary, Michigan was to receive territory in the Upper Peninsula, as far west as the Montreal river. On July 20, 1836, at a second adjourned session of the Legislature, the election of delegates to meet in convention was provided for, to settle the question of admission. This convention met September 26, 1836, at Ann Arbor, and was composed of fifty delegates, of whom twenty-nine were from the counties of Wayne, Monroe, Lenawee, Oakland, Washtenaw and Liv- ingston. They rejected the terms of admission proposed by Congress. The Democratic pounty committee of Wayne county issued a circular recommending another convention to be held at Ann Arbor, Decem- ber 14, 1836. This convention was held, but there were no delegates from Monroe county. It accepted the prescribed conditions of admis- sion, the validity of its action was recognized by Congress, and by an act approved January 26, 1837, Michigan wa3 admitted as the twenty- sixth State of the Union. This brief history of Michigan, prior to its admission as a State, car- ries out the purpose contemplated. It seems eminently proper that the people, who are so proud of the State in this day of wealth, pros- perity and progress, should review the early history of Michigan, and better understand some of the many obstacles that so long delayed the coming of the hardy pioneer. EARLY HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 21 COUNTIES OF MICHIGAN, When laid out, when organized, and when and to what counties attached for judicial and municipal purposes, prior to organiza. tion. Alcona 1840 Alger 1885 Allegan 1831 Alpena 1840 Antrim 1840 Arenac 1883 Baraga 1875 Bar'-y 1829 Bay 1831 Benzie 1863 1829 1829 1829 Berrien Branch Calhoun Cass 1839 1840 Charlevoix Cheboygan 1840 Chippewa 1826 Clare 1840 Clinton 1881 Crawford 1840 Delta. .. 1843 1829 1840 Eaton Emmet Genesee 1835 Gladwin 1831 Gr. Traverse- 1840 Gratiot 1831 Hillsdale 1829 Houghton 1S43 Huron 1840 To what Counties Attached, and when. Cheboygan, 1853 ; Alpena, 1857 ; Iosco, 1858 ; Alpena, 1859 Kalamazoo, 1833 Mackinac, 1840 ; Cheboygan, 1853 Mackinac, 1840 ; Grand Traverse, 1853. ^ DO St. Joseph, 1829; Kalamazoo, 1830. Saginaw, 1840 Grand Traverse, 1863 Cass, 1829 St. Joseph, 1829 St. Joseph, 1839 ; Kalamazoo, 1830. Mackinac, 1840 ; Emmet, 1853. Mackinac, 1840 Saginaw, 1840; Midland, 1858; Isabella, 1859; EM Midland, 1869 ; WX Mecosta, 1869 Kent, 1836; Shiawassee, 1837 Mackinac, 1840 ; Cheboygan, 1853 ; Iosco, 1858 ; An trim, 1863; Kalkaska, 1871 Mackinac, 1843 St. Joseph, 1829 ; Kalamazoo, 1830. Mackinac, 1840 Oakland, 1835 Saginaw, 1840; Midland, 1855 Mackinac, 1840 Saginaw, 1836 Lenawee, 1829 1885 1835 1857 1863 1883 1875 1839 1857 1869 1831 1833 1833 1853 1871 1839 1861 1837 1853 1851 1855 1835 1846 Saginaw, 1840 ; Sanilac, 22 EARLY HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. Counties op Michigan— Con^mwed. Counties. |1 Ingham 1829 Ionia 1831 Iosco 1840 Iron 1885 1831 Isabella Jackson 1829 Kalamazoo 1829 Kalkaslca 1840 Kent 1831 1861 Keweenaw Lake 1840 Lapeer 1822 Leelanaw 1840 Lenawee 1822 Livingston 1833 1887 1818 Mackinac Macomb 1818 Manistee 1840 Manitou 1855 Marquette 1843 Mason 1840 1840 Mecosta Menominee 1861 Midland 1831 Missaukee 1840 Monroe 1817 1831 Montcalm Montmorency . 1840 Muskegon 1859 Newaygo. 1840 Oakland 1819 To what Counties Attached, and when. Washtenaw, 1829 Kent, 1836 Mackinac, 1840 ; Saginaw, 1853. Saginaw, 1840; Midland, 1855 Washtenaw, 1829 St. Joseph, 1839 Mackinac, 1840 ; Grand Traverse, 1853 ; Antrim, 1863. Ottawa, '40; Mason, '55; Newaygo, '57; Mason, '58 E 4 t's Mecosta, '67; E^ Osceola, '69 Oakland, 1822 Mackinac, 1840; Grand Traverse, 1853. Monroe, 1822 Washtenaw, 1833 By Proclamation of Governor Cass, Oct. 26th By Proclamation of Governor Cass, Jan. 15th Mackinac, 1840; Ottawa, 1846; Oceana, 1851 ; Grand Traverse, 1853 Houghton, 1846 Ottawa, 1840; Oceana, 1851. Kent, 1840; Newaygo, 1857.. Marquette, 1861 Saginaw, 1836 Mackinac, 1840; Grand Traverse, 1853; Manistee, 1858; Wexford, 1869.... By Proclamation of Governor Cass, July 14th.. Ionia, 1840 Mackinac, 1840 ; Cheboygan, 1853 ; Alpena, 1857. Kent, 1840 By Proclamation of Gov. Cass, Jan. 12 ; Organized, Proclamation of Gov. Cass, Mar. 28 1838 1837 1857 1S85 1859 1832 1830 1871 1836 1861 1871 1835 1863 1826 1836 1887 1S18 1818 1855 1855 1851 1855 1859 1863 1855 1871 1817 1850 1851 1820 EARLY HISTORY OF MICHIGAN". 23 Counties op Micuiga^— Continued. Counties. 1831 1840 1843 1840 1840 1840 1831 1840 1840 .1822 1822 1843 1832 1820 1829 1840 1829 1822 1796 1840 To what Counties Attached, and when. Oceana Ottawa, 1840 1855 Ogemaw Mackinac, '40 ; Cheboygan, '53 ; Midland, '59 ; Iosco, '61; Incorporated with Iosco, '67 Ontonagon Osceola Houghton, 1846 1855 Ottawa, 1840; Newaygo, 1857; Mecosta, 1859 1869 Oscoda Mackinac, 1840; Cheboygan, 1853; Alpena, 1857; Iosco, 1858 ; Alpena, 1859 ; Alcona, 1869 Otsego Mackinac, 1840; Cheboygan, 1853; Alpena, 1858; An- trim, 1863 Ottawa Kent, 1836 ... 1837 Presquelsle... Roscommon ... Saginaw Mackinac, 1841 ; Cheboygan, 1853; Alpena, 1858 Mackinac, 1840 ; Cheboygan, 1853 ; Midland, 1859.... Oakland, 1823 1871 1835 Sanilac... Oakland, 1822 ; St. Clair, 1827 ; Lapeer, 1836 ; St. Clair, 1840 1848 Schoolcraft — Shiawassee Chippewa, Houghton, 1846 ; Marquette, 1851 Oakland, 1832 ; Genesee, 1836 1871 1837 St. Clair. By Proclamation of Gov. Cass, March 28 ; Organ- ized by Proc. of Gov. Cass, May 8 1821 St. Joseph 18'^ Tuscola Saginaw, 1840 1845 Van Buren Cass, 1829 1837 Washtenaw Wayne, 1822 1826 Wayne By General Wayne ; in 1815 re-established by Proc- lamation of Gov. St. Clair, July 15, and organized by Proclamation of Governor Cass, Nov. 2l8t Mackinac, 1840; Grand Traverse, 1853; Manistee, 1855 .. Wexford 1815 1869 BIOGRAPHIES MIOHIGA]^ BIOGEAPHY. OLIVER C. ABELL Was born at Augusta, Georgia, July 3, 1827, and was the son of a wealthy cotton dealer and slaveholder. In 1830 he removed to Detroit, Michigan, and the next year to Dearborn, Wayne county, where he spent a portion of his time teaching until 1851, when he went to California, and remained there until 1856. On his return he was elected treasurer of Dearborn. He followed farming until 1862. He held the office of enrolling officer of the draft department and deputy provost marshal during the war. He was also deputy assessor and collector of revenue, which office he held until removed by Andrew Johnson. Exempted from the draft by disability, he fur- nished a substitute at a cost of eight hundred dollars. In 1867 he was State Senator and chairman of the committee on railroads. He was a director of the Detroit, Lansing & Northern Railroad. He removed to Nankin, laid out a villag •, and was the first hardware merchant there. He was postmaster five years, president of the village, and trustee. From 1875 to 1878 he had charge of the Wayne county poor- house. He removed to Detroit in 1884. In politics, a Republican. SYLVESTER ABEL Was an early member of the Ann Arbor bar, was an excellent man, of fair abilities as a lawyer, and was honored with many public offices. In politics, a Republican. He was State Senator from Wash- tenaw county in 1857-8. Deceased. ADRIAN O. ABBOTT, Representative from the Third District of Lenawee county in 1887, was born at Munnsville, Madison county, N. Y., Aug. 26, 1842. Three years later his parents moved to Oriskany Falls, Oneida county, 28 MICHIGAiq- BIOGRAPHY. where his boyhood was spent. In 1856, at the age of fourteen, he left school and sold goods in a general store in the village where his par- ents resided. He remained in the store for about two years, after which he was a schoolmaster. In 1860 he secured a position in a dry goods store at Clinton, N. Y., where he remained until the sum- mer of 1861, when he enlisted in Co. A, 1st N. Y. Artillery. In the spring of 1862 he was discharged for physical disability. In 1863 he secured a position in a dry goods house in Utica, N. Y., where he remained until he came to Michigan. In 1866 Mr. Abbott located at Adrian and opened a ladies' furnishing goods store, and the business increasing, he finally went into the general dry goods business, which he conducted until 1873. Since 1873 Mr. Abbott has been engaged in the manufacturing and selling of his own inventions, some of which have proved very useful and secured a reputation over the whole country. For over three years he has held the position of president of the village of Hudson. In politics, a Republican. ISAAC C. ABBOTT, Representative from Calhoun county in 1863-4, was born in the state of New Hampshire, April 5, 1819. He came to Romeo, Michigan, in 1848. He was a Methodist Episcopal minister for seventeen years, when he became a farmer in Leroy, Calhoun county. For the last four years he has lived in Galesburg. In politics a Republican. JOSHUA K. ABBOTT, Representative in 1850 from Genesee county, was born in Concord, N. H., in 1810. He came to Michigan in 1838. By trade a book- binder. On coming to Michigan he became a merchant and farmer at Grand Blanc. He was postmaster for twenty years. He went to the war as sutler of the 30th Iowa, of which his brother was colonel. He was taken sick in front of Vicksburg and died on his way home at Cairo, February 4, 1863. His son, Charles H., is a State Senator in Colorado, and a prominent miner. ROBERT ABBOTT, The first Auditor General of the state, the oldest of three sons of James Abbott, an early settler, was born in Detroit in 1770. After reaching maturity he became a partner with his father, James Abbott, who MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 29 was prominently connected with the fur trade of the northwest. Mr. Abbott held the position of treasurer of the territorial funds, 1813 to 1836 ; auditor of public accounts, 1809 to 1836, and was a U. S. master in chancery. His name also appears in local offices of all grades, and in benevolent and church enterprises, especially in advancing the interests of the Methodist church, to which he was devoted. Politics, Democratic. He died in 1852. WM. L. ABBOTT, Eepresentative from Lapeer county in 1877-9, was born in the county of Beauharnois, Parish of Ste. Martine, Canada East, March 29, 1835. He received a common school education, and resided in Canada until the year 1856, when the family emigrated to the United States, with the intention of settling in Kansas ; but owing to the political disturb- ances in that state at the time, they retraced their steps and settled in Goodland, Lapeer county, Michigan, where he engaged in lumber- ing and farming. His present occupation is farming. He has held the office of township clerk, supervisor and other minor offices. In politics, a Republican. HENRY ACKER, Representative from Jackson county in 1839 and 1840, was ah early settler in the town of Concord, and was supervisor in 1838. Politics and occupation unknown. FRANCIS ACKLEY, Representative from Saginaw county in 1873-4, was born Dec. 16, 1826, in the town of Stowe, Portage county, Ohio. Mr. Ackley received a common school education. In 1840 he emigrated to Michi- gan and settled in Shiawassee township, Shiawassee county. In 1863 he removed to the village of St. Charles, Saginaw county, where he now resides. Mr. Ackley has been president of the village of St. Charles, and has held other important offices in the town. His busi- ness is that of a merchant. WILLIAM ADAIR Was born hear Glasgow, Scotland, in 1815. In 1834 he settled at Detroit, Michigan. He worked as a carpenter until 1840, when he 30 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. began business as a gardener and horticulturist, in which he was very- successful. He held several local positions of honor in Detroit, among them president of the Detroit Mechanics' Society and president of St. Andrew's Society. Fie was State Senator in 1861-2-3-4-5-9-1870-5-7. In politics, a Democrat. A quiet, unassuming gentleman, he became one of the most influential members of the Senate, and probably exer- cised greater influence than any other democrat. JOHN J. ADAM Was born at Paisley, Scotland, October 30, 1807. He received a good education, graduating at Glasgow college in 1826 with honor. The same year he emigrated to this country and arrived at Baltimore July 4, 1826. He taught Latin, Greek and mathematics at an academy in Meadville, Pa., for a year, and returned to Scotland. In 1831 he set- tled in Lenawee county, Michigan, wliere he still resides. He taught school at Clinton, and in 1832 enlisted as a private in Captain Hick- son's company to serve in the Black Hawk war, but the company only went to Niles. He took part in the " Toledo War " as a lieuten- ant. Afterwards he was appointed paymaster of the 5th Division Michigan Militia, and in 1841 aid-de-camp of Gen. Davis Smith, same command. In 1835 he was a delegate to the Constitutional Conven- tion, and took an active part in framing the first State Constitution. He was secretary of the State Senate for the first three legislative ses- sions. In 1839 he was a Representative from Lenawee county, and State Senator in 1840 and 1841 from the second district, comprising Monroe, Lenawee and Hillsdale counties. In January, 1842, he was elected State Treasurer to fill an unexpired term, and was twice re-elected, serving from January 13, 1842, to May 24, 1845, when he resigned at the request of Gov. Barry to take the position of Auditor General, which he held until Jan. 28, 1846. In 1847 he again served as Representative, was chairman of the committee on ways and means, and took an active part in locating the capital at Lansing. He was again elected by the legislature Auditor General, May 9, 1848, and served until 1851. From that time until 1868 he was in the service of the Michigan Southern road, and was their construction agent in building the Air-line, the Jackson branch, the Three Rivers road and the Detroit & Toledo road. From 1858 to 1868 he was auditor of the company, when he resigned. He was again Representative in the legislature in 1871-2. For several years he was president of the council of the village of Tecumseh, and was president of the State Pioneer Society in 1878-9. He is still living at Tecumseh in the enjoy- MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 31 ment of health, and honored by all who know him. Politically a Democrat. EZRA C. ADAMS, Representative from the First District of Kalamazoo in 1861-2-85, was born at Collins Centre, Erie county, N. Y., July 14, 1833. He is a descendant of Samuel Adams of Revolutionary fame. At the age of fourteen he moved with his parents to Wayne county, N. Y. , and sub- sequently to Franklin, Portage (now Kent county), Ohio, where he commenced the study of medicine. At the age of twenty-one he graduated from the medical department of the Willoughby Univer- sity. After practicing as a physician three years in Cuyahoga county, Ohio, he returned to New York, where he was engaged in his profes- sion seven years at Collins, the town of his birth. In 1854 he removed to Kalamazoo county, Mich., and since that time has resided in that and Allegan county as a medical practitioner. Mr. Adams has been president of the village of Plainwell, and was a Republican member in the House from the First District of Kalamazoo county in 1871. In 1872 he was nominated as member of the legislature by the Demo- crats and Liberal Republicans of the Second District of Allegan, which nomination was declined. In 1874 he was nominated by the Democrats of his district and defeated by a small majority. In 1882 he was the Fusion candidate from the First Representative District of Kalamazoo county, and was defeated. In 1884 he was again nomi- nated and elected, receiving 2,0;M votes, Alexander Cameron, the Republican candidate, receiving 2,010, and the Prohibition candidate, Paul T. Butler, 379. ISAAC ADAMS, Representative from Oakland county in 1838, was born at Andover, Massachusetts, April 23, 1767, and was by profession a physician, in poli- tics a free soil Democrat. As a resident of Michigan he first settled in St. Joseph county in 1829, but removed from there to Oakland county in 1835. When he first went to White Pigeon the nearest post- office was at Tecumseh, and there was no flour mill in St. Joseph county. Dr. Adams was a graduate of Harvard College. He was one of the committee on education in the House, of which Alpheus Felch was chairman, and assisted in preparing the bill to establish the University of Michigan, and took an active interest in that institution during his life. Died at Troy, Oakland county, in 1852, 32 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. JOHN Q. ADAMS, Representative from Marquette county in 1883, was born in Cornwall, Litchfield county, Connecticut, November 2, 1837. He remained with his parents until eighteen years of age, working upon the farm except during the winter months, a portion of which were spent in school. From 1856 to 1859 he was clerk in the drug store of J. M. Gardner, in the village of West Cornwall, Connecticut. In 1863 he commenced the study of law in the office of George Wheaton, of West Cornwall. His studies were pursued during evening hours, while the days were devoted to labor at such employments as he could engage in. He was admitted to the bar at Litchfield in April, 1865, and imme- diately entered upon the practice of law as the partner of his tutor, Mr. Wheaton, who died six months later, when Mr. Adams succeeded to his practice, and continued the same until March, 1872, when he removed to Negaunee, Marquette county, Mich., where he has since resided, and continued in the practice of his profession. In 1874 he was elected circuit court commissioner of Marquette county, serving in that office until 1876, when he was elected prosecuting attorney of that county, and re-elected in 1878, and again in 1880, thus serving six consecutive years. In September, 1879, he formed a partnership with James F. Foley, of Negaunee, for mining purposes, and in the follow- ing month the firm discovered what is now known as the Milwaukee mine, in Negaunee, and which they sold in February, 1881. He is interested largely in the New York Hematite Mine, and in other valu- able mining properties in the mining districts of Lake Superior. Polit- ically a Republican. He was elected by about 1,100 majority over S. S. Curry, Democrat. OSCAR ADAMS Was born in Harpersfield, Delaware county, New York, April 16, 1827. At the age of twenty, he commenced the study of law at Buf- falo, graduated from the Ballston Spa law school, and was admitted to tJie bar in 1850. He began practice in Erie county, New York, then removed to Wisconsin for two years. In 1855 he came to Flint, Michi- gan. In 1860 he was elected circuit court commissioner of Genesee county. During the war he was an army paymaster. In 1871-2 he was Representative in the legislature. He was several years presi- dent of the school board at Flint and also its treasurer. It was while he was a member that the fine high school building was erected in Flint. He is a good lawyer. A Republican in poUtics, MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 83 PETER R. ADAMS Was born in Tioga county, Pennsylvania, studied law, and was admit- ted to the bar in 1825. He moved to Tecumseh, Mich. , in 1830, where he practiced his profession until 1842, when he retired with a competence, and became a successful farmer. He was a member of the Constitu- tional Convention of 1850, and held other positions. He died at Tecum- seh in 1883. WALES ADAMS Was born at Med way, Norfolk county, Mass., March 2, 1804, and was the son of a Revolutionary soldier. He received a common school edu- cation. From 1820 to 1828 he was engaged in mechanical work, most of the time in machine shops. In 1828 he went to New York City, and from there came to Bronson, Mich., in 1830, settling on a farm. With Willard Pierce he built the second saw-mill in Branch county in 1831 . He was for twenty years supervisor of the township, and was for one term county treasurer. He was a Representative to the legis- latures of 1844 and 1845, and was a delegate in the Constitutional Con- vention of 1850. Not living. ALLEN C. ADSIT Was born in Rutland, Jefferson county. New York, Feb. 20, 1837. His early life was spent upon his father's farm, receiving such education as the district school and county institute afforded. He studied law at Watertown, N. Y., and was admitted to the bar in 1859. Enlisted in the 44th N. Y. Volunteers in 1861, and participated in the principal battles in which the Army of the Potomac were engaged. At the close of the war settled at Spring Lake, Ottawa county, Michigan, and engaged in the mercantile business in company with Hon. J. B. Per- ham. Was supervisor of said town for six successive years, and Rep- resentative in the State legislature from Ottawa county in 1871 and 1872. In 1874, having resumed the practice of law, he was elected prosecuting attorney for said county, and served during the years 1875 and 1876. Removed to Grand Rapids in 1877, where he has since resided, engaged in the practice of the law. Politics Democratic. ROBERT P. AITKIN Was born Feb. 15, 1819, in Perth, Fulton county, N. Y., and was of Scotch parentage. He attended district schools winters until the age 5 34 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. of 17, when he became a clerk in a military store in the city of New York. After six years' service in that place he emigrated in 1842 to Genesee county, Michigan, and bought part of the farm now owned by him in the township of Flint, paid for it out of his small earnings, and commenced the task of clearing up a farm. He married Miss Johnston in 1843. He still lives on the same farm, and in 1886 was serving his 25th year as supervisor of the town of Flint. He cast his first vote for Harrison, and remained a Whig until 1854, since a Repub- lican. He was Representative in the Michigan legislature in the ses- sions of 1865 and 1867. Is a member of the Episcopal church. He was the organizer and is director and secretary of the Genesee County Mutual Fire Insurance Co. Has been the father of ten children, of whom six are now living. The eldest son died in consequence of four years' service in the late war. HIRAM ALDEN, Representative from Branch county in 1835, 1836 and 1837, was born in Ashfield, Mass., in October, 1792, and was of the seventh genera- tion from John Alden, of Mayflower fame. He moved with his father's family to Rome, N. J. , in 1800, where he passed his boyhood days and acquired an education with the privations incident to these early days. He studied medicine with Dr. Rathburn, of Camden, N. J., completing his course in Cincinnati in 1824, and acquired an enviable reputation in the profession. He came from Ripley, N. J., to Coldwater in 1834. In 1838 he was appointed by Governor Mason Commissioner of Internal Improvements, and was acting Railroad Commissioner at the time of the construction of the railroad from Detroit to Pontiac. He died at Detroit, November 26, 1833, and was followed to his grave by six hundred officials and laborers, who insisted on paying the expenses as their tribute to a friend and an honest man. He left a wife, four sons and five daughters. Among those living are Judge Isaac Alden, of Montana; Rev. Willis Alden, of Oregon; and the wives of the late Roland Root and H, C. Lewis, and of Hon. H. Haynes, of Coldwater. LEVI ALDRICH Was bom in Erie count} , N. Y., Jan. 27, 1820. His father, Levi Aid- rich,- was a pioneer farmer of Erie county. He received an academ- ical education, studied medicine at the Albany Medical College and Buffalo Medical University, and practiced medicine successfully in Erie county until 1860, when his health failing him, he removed to Cass county and settled on a farm, but soon resumed his practice at MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY. 35 Edwardsburg, which was extensive and lucrative. He was Represent- ative from Cass county in 1863-4 ; Senator in 1865, and a member of the Constitutional Convention in 1867. In politics an active Republi- can, and a Quaker in religion, but contributes to the support of vari- ous denominations. LORENZO P. ALEXANDER Was born in Angelica, Alleghany county, N. ^., August 10, 1820. When twenty-one he came to Michigan, and settled at Buchanan, where he still resides. In 1844 he was a militia captain, and in 1845 became colonel of the 28th Regiment, During his first six years he was a carpenter; then for three years in the boot and shoe trade; and then for more than twenty years in the general mercantile trade. He was constable and town treasurer five years; school director twenty-five years ; town clerk; justice of the peace; and many years supervisor. He was a Representative in the legislature of 1841-42. In 1867 he was member of the Constitutional Con- vention; and in 1871-72, State Senator. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention at Baltimore in 1864, and was a member of the committee that notified President Lincoln of his renomination. He was postmaster of Buchanan from 1862 to 1866, and again from 1877 to 1886. He is now supervisor and justice. A Republican since 1854. SYDNEY U. ALEXANDER Was born in Westfield, Medina county, Ohio, May 22, 1835. His father removed to Dewitt in 1837. In 1850 he entered the printing office of the Clinton Express, at Dewitt, and learned the trade of a printer, under the direction of Mark A. Childs. After five years' service as printer he became a farmer, which is his present occupa- tion. In 1860 he was elected supervisor of Olive, and held the posi- tion five years. In 1867 he served as Representative from the First District of Clinton county to the legislature. Has since been super- visor of Watertown two years. In politics, a Democrat. RUSSELL A. ALGER Was born in Lafayette, Medina county, Ohio, February 27, 1836, and was the son of Russell Alger, whose ancestors came from England to Massachusetts about 1760. His great grandfather served in the Rev- olutionary war, and took part ip many battles. His mother, Caroline Moulton, was a descendant of Robert Moulton, who came to Massa- chusetts is 1627. His parents died when he was but eleven years of 36 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHT. age, and he was left to carve out his own career as well as to care for a younger brother and sister. He found work on a farm in Richfield, Ohio, where he remained seven years, working by the month the greater part of the year, saving his money and applying it in aid of his brother and sister, and to pay his own tuition at the Richfield academy in winter terms, working for his board. He thus obtained a fair English education, and early began teaching winters, still working on a farm summers. In March, 1857, he began the study of the law in the office of Wolcott & Upson, at Akron, and in March, 1859, was admitted by the Supreme Court to the bar. After a few months in the law business at Cleveland, he abandoned the law and removed to Grand Rapids, where he engaged in the lumber business. In August, 1861, he enlisted in the Second Michigan Cavalry and in the autumn was mustered in as Captain. The formal record of his service is: Captain Second Cavalry, Sept. 2, 1861, Major, April 2, 1862, wounded and taken prisoner at Boonesville, Mississippi, July 1, 1862, escaped July 1, 1862, Lieutenant Colonel Sixth Michigan Cavalry, October 16, 1862, Colonel Fifth Cavalry, Feb. 28, 1863, wounded in action at Boonesboro, Maryland, July 8, 1863, resigned, Sept. 20, 1864, and honorably discharged. Brevet Brigadier General United States Volunteers, for gallant and meritorious services, to rank from battle of Trevellion Station, Virginia, June 11, 1864, Brevet Major General United States Volunteers, June 11, 1865, for gallant and meritorious services during the war. He was a born soldier, took part in sixty- six battles and skirmishes all told, and gained by faithfulness and bravery the rank which he obtained. In 1865 he went to Detroit and engaged in dealing in pine lands and the pine lumber business. The firm, first Moore & Alger, became R. A. Alger & Co., and is now Alger, Smith & Co. He is president of the Manistique Lumbering Co., and of the Detroit, Bay City & Alpena Railroad Co., a director of the Detroit National Bank, the Peninsular Car Co. , and several other large corporations. In 1884 he received the Republican nomination for Governor and was elected over Josiah W. Begole by a plurality of 3,953 votes — David Preston, Prohibition can- didate, receiving 22,207 votes. His administration compared favor- ably with those of his predecessors and was free from narrowness or parsimony. In 1861 he married Annette H. Henry, daughter of W. H. Henry, of Grand Rapids, and they have three daughters and three sons. He has a fine home in Detroit and has the confidence and regard of the people of Michigan. Gov. Alger was Inspector General from 1867 to 1873, and is now one of the Board of Managers of the Michigan Sol- diers' Home at Grand Rapids. He gives large sums in charity. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 37 ABRAM ALLEN Was born in Monroe county, N. Y., June 18, 1817. He came to Michigan in 1835, and settled in Commerce, Oakland county. He was supervisor of that town in 1860, 1861 and 1863. In 1865 he was Representative in the legislature from Oakland county, as a Repub lican. He removed to Lansing in 1867 and engaged in manufactur- ing sash, doors and blinds; also in the lumbering business. He still resides in Lansing. EDWARD P. ALLEN Was born in Sharon, Washtenaw county, Michigan, October 28, 1839. Worked on a farm till he was twenty years old, attending school and teaching during winters; graduated from the State Normal School in March, 1864; taught the Union School in Vassar, Michigan, for the three months following, when he enlisted and helped to raise a com- pany for the Twenty-ninth Michigan Infantry; was commissioned First Lieutenant in that regiment in the following September, and went with it southwest, where the regiment was engaged in active campaigning until the 1st of April; in September, 1865, was mustered out of the service with his regiment as Captain; entered the law school at Ann Arbor, graduating in March, 1867; formed a partner- nership with Hon. S. M. Cutcheon; upon the removal of Mr. Cutcheon to Detroit, in 1875, he continued the practice alone at Ypsi- lanti; was elected alderman of Ypsilanti in 1878 and 1874, and mayor in 1880; was prosecuting attorney of Washtenaw county in 1872; was elected to the lower house of the legislature in 1876, serving as chairman of the committee on education; was again elected in 1878, at which time he was elected speaker pro tern; was appointed assistant assessor of internal revenue in 1869; was United States Indian agent in Michigan in August, 1882, which ofiSce he held until December, 1885; ran for congress in 1884, and was defeated by Colonel Eldridge, Democrat; and was elected in 1886 to the fiftieth congress as a Republican, receiving, 16,518 votes against 15,486 votes for Lester H. Salisbury, Democrat, and 2,448 votes for Crozier, Prohibitionist. GEORGE W. ALLEN, Member of the Bouse for the sessions of 1859 and 1865 from Grand Rapids, was born in Knfield, Hartford county. Conn., Sept. 17, 1813. When three years of age he was t^ken by his mother (his father being dead) to the Connecticut western reserve, Ohio, where she settled in . tbe town of Painesville, Mr, Allen remained in Painesville until 1855, 38 MICHIGAK BIOGRAPHY. when he, with his family, removed to Grand Rapids, Mich., where he still resides. The session of 1859 was noted for the passage of three important acts, viz: The act abolishing the grand jury system, the swamp land road act, and the act to encourage and develop the salt interest, by offering a bounty of ten cents per bushel on all salt man- ufactured in the state. Mr. Allen was chairman of the house select committee on salt. In 1866 he was appointed U. S. pension agent for Western Michigan. He has held several important positions con- nected with city affairs. Politically he was a Whig as long as the Whig party existed, since which he has been a Republican of a pro- nounced type. He is now a retired merchant. HARMON ALLEN, Representative from Monroe county in 1857 and 1858, was born in the state of Vermont in 1810. By occupation a farmer and civil engi- neer, in politics a Democrat until the Dred Scott decision, since a Republican. Has several times been supervisor of Milan, town clerk, and has filled the position of county surveyor several times. He settled in Monroe county in 1832 and now lives in Milan. HIRAM M. ALLEN, Representative from the Second District of Eaton county in 1887, was born in the township of Tecumseh, Lenawee county, November 16, 1834. His parents were pioneers, having moved from Vermont to this state in 1829. In 1835 they moved to Marshall, Calhoun county. His boyhood was spent on the farm, and he attended the district school winters. At the age of seventeen he began teaching winters, and working on his father's farm summers. At the age of twenty- five he married Mary L. Hewitt, and in the spring of 1860 he moved on a new farm in Bellevue, Eaton county. In 1876 he sold his farm and bought one of the finest in Central Michigan, known as the "Captain Fitzgerald farm," on which he now resides, one-half of which lies in the corporation of the village of Bellevue. He has held the offices of township treasurer, school inspector, and village trus- tee, and for a number of years has been a member of the county committee. He is a Republican and was elected Representative to the House of 1887-8 by a vote of 1,862 to 1,443 for J. F. Dowing, Democrat, and 302 for P. Parmenter, Prohibitionist. JOHN ALLEN Was born in Augusta county, Virginia, May 17, 1796. His parents were James and Elizabeth (Tate) Allen, both native Virginians. Mr. MICHIGAN- BIOGEAPHY. 39 Allen spent his early life in Virginia, where he received his education. In January, 1834, he come to Michigan, and, in company with E. W. Rumsey, located the site of Ann Arbor. He engaged in land specu- lation and at one time owned thousands of acres of land in the west- ern part of the state, much of which was lost in the panic of 1837. In company with Samuel W. Dexter, he published for a time the Western Emigrant, the first paper in Washtenaw county. He studied law with James Kingsley, and was admitted to the bar in 1832, but gave little time to the profession. He was State Senator in 1845-6-7 and '8. He went to California in 1850 and died there March 11, 1851. LEWIS ALLEN Was born Aug. 19, 1797, at Morristown, N. J. His father moved to Seneca county, N. Y., in 1803. The county was then a wilderness. He lived in Seneca county until 1832, when he moved to SharoD, Washtenaw county. On the organization of the township in 1834, he was elected its first supervisor, which ofiice he held repeatedly, as also that of justice of the peace. He was elected Representative to the legislature of 1839, but declined a re-nomination. He was one of the founders of the Presbyterian church in the adjoining village of Manchester, for many years was a ruling elder therein, and always gave much time and attention to educational and religious matters in his neighborhood. He died in Sharon on the farm where he first settled, on the 14th day of October, 1854, aged 57 years. In politics he was a Democrat. LOVATUS C. ALLEN Was born in 1816 at Huntington, Vermont. He received a common school education and taught at eighteen. He worked summers and taught winters in his native town until 1841. He then taught in the vicinity of Deckertown, N. Y., continuously for five years. He then took an interest in a woolen factory for three years at Branch ville, N. J. He came to Michigan about 1850 and settled on a farm in York, Wash- tenaw county. Held various town offices and was Representative in the legislature of 1863-4. Democrat in politics. MORRIS S. ALLEN Was born April 10, 1809, in Richfield, Otsego county, N. Y. In 1836 he came to Clinton county, Michigan, and remained until 1838, when he removed to Iowa; remained two years, then returned to New York, and back to De Witt, Michigan, in 1840. In 1844 he was elected sheriff 40 MICHIGAN- BIOGRAPHY. of Clinton county, and in 1849 was a Representative in the legisla- ture from Clinton county. In 1856 he removed to Sabula, Iowa, and was clerk for P. S. Stiles in a grain and pork packing establishment. In 1867 he was elected sheriff of Jackson county, Iowa, and held the office six years. From 1875 to 1884 he was in business at Miles, Iowa. In politics a Democrat. He died Jan. 13, 1886, at Sabula, Iowa. WILLIAM ALLMAN, Representative from St. Joseph county in 1857-8-77, was born in England, May 12, 1818. He completed his education at Asbury University, Indiana, and in 1839 removed to Sturgis, Mich., where he now resides. He was secretary of the Grand Rapids & Indiana Rail- road Company at its organization and for years thereafter ; has filled many local offices ; was trustee of Albion College for several terms ; is president of the First National Bank of Sturgis. In politics a Republican. JOHN ALMY Was a native of Rhode Island, and was educated as a civil engineer. He was for years a resident of Geneseo, N. Y. , where he married Eliza Pierce. He came to Detroit in 1834, where he had been ap- pointed city engineer, remained there several years and laid out the system of sewers and street grades for that city. In 1855 he laid out the village of Kent, now Grand Rapids, for Lucius Lyon and N. O. Sargeant. Mr. I^yon'sold out his interest to Charles H. Carroll of Groveland, N. Y. , and Mr. Almy was placed in charge. He built the first stone dwelling in Grand Rapids. In 1837 he was elected Repre- sentative to the legislature, he was also judge of the county court, city engineer, engineer of the Kalamazoo and other river improve- ments, and chief clerk in the office of the surveyor general. He was a man of much learniog, of fine physical form and a courteous, genial gentleman. He was an Episcopalian. He died in 1863. NATHAN ALVORD, Representative from the First District of Hillsdale county, in 1881-2-3, was bom August 17, 1834, in the town of Cancadea, Alleghany county, New York, and removed with his father to Williams county, in north- western Ohio, in the fall of 1882. His early life was spent on his par- ents' farm, attending district school whenever possible. When seven- teen years of age, be attended a summer term of the union school at West Unity, Ohio, and taught a district school the next winter near MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 41 that place. In the following spring, in company with an elder brother, he went to Princeton, Illinois. There he worked on a farm during the summer months, and the following winter attended Princeton Academy. After spending about five years in Illinois, Minnesota, and Iowa, he returned to Ohio. He was married to Miss Melinda Landon in the fall of 1856. In the following spring he moved to Camden, Hillsdale coimty, this State, and engaged in the mercantile business, following that pursuit until the spring of 1869, when he bought a farm in Camden. Since that time he has been engaged in farming and dealing in live stook. In politics he is a Republican. WILLIAM E. AMBLP:R, Senator from the Twenty- seventh District, 1879, 1881 and 1882, com- prising the counties of Newaygo, Oceana, Mecosta, Osceola, Lake, Mason, and Manistee, was born at Medina, Ohio, December 18, 1845, and resided there until his parents removed to Hillsdale, Michigan, in 1859. He entered Hillsdale College, but in 1865 left that institution, going to Albion College, where he graduated in the scientific course. In 1866 he entered the Law School at Albany, graduated, and was admitted to practice. In 1867 he finished the classical course at A drian College, graduating with the degree of A. B. The same fall he estab- lished himself as a lawyer at Minneapolis, Minnesota, but in 1868 returned to Michigan and began the practice of law at Pentwater, where he continues to reside. He has been president of the village, and is a member of the firm of Neilsen & Co., bankers. In 1870 Adrian College conferred on him the degree of A. M., and in 1875 Hillsdale College did likewise. Mr. Ambler was chosen a trustee of the latter institution at the last commencement, and is not only the youngest member of the present board but the youngest trustee ever elected. He was elected a Senator in the State legislature in 1878, and was re-elected in 1880, and was president pro tern of the Senate during his last term. He is now judge of probate for Oceana county. JOSEPH G. AMES, Representative from Berrien county in 1844, was born in New Hamp- shire in 1808. He settled in the town of Weesaw, Berrien county in 1837, and was the first supervisor of that town in 1839. He, with three others, were owners of the village of New Troy, platted in 1837. In 1839 he removed to a farm in Bertrand, where he was su- pervisor in 1842. Afterwards he became a resident of Three Oaks and was the first postmaster there in 1854. He died August 12, 1855 6 42 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. MICHAEL E. AMES, A Representative from Wayne county, session of 1846, was a practic- ing attorney, and settled in Plymouth about three years prior to his election. He was an Eastern man, but the time and place of his nativity are unknown. He removed to Detioit after his legislative term, and soon thereafter went to Stillwater, Minn., and in 1850 was elected a member of the second territorial legislature and was speaker of the assembly Jan. 1 to March 31, 1851. He is supposed to have been dead for some years. Politics presumably democratic. DAYID ANDERSON, Senator from Van Buren county in 1873-4, was born >vov. 26, 1825, in the town of Clarendon, Orleans county. New York, and received a common school education. He emigrated to Michigan in 1854, and settled in the town of Madison, Branch county. In 1865 he removed to the town of Columbia, where he now resides. He has held various Offices of trust in his township. In 1862 he joined the 19th Michigan Infantry, received the commission of First Lieutenant, and in the same year was promoted to the rank of Captain. In 1864 he was commissioned as Major, and at the close of the war received a Colonel's commission. His occupation is that of a lumber manu- facturer. ROBERT H. ANDERSON Was born in Ireland in 1810, and came to this country in 1817. He settled in Tompkins, Michigan, in 1835, helped organize the town and named it from Tompkinsville, N. J., where he had lived. He was a judge in Jackson county in 1838, and in 1858 was a delegate in the Constitutional Convention. A farmer and a Democrat. SAMUEL F. ANDERSON Was born in Ira, Rutland county, Vermont, February 19, 1803. His father, John Anderson, served in the Revolution, and was for eleven years 'a member of the Vermont legislature. The son, when a young man, emigrated to Western New York and cleared up a farm. In 1835 he removed to La Grange, Cass county, Michigan, and bought a farm of 200 acres. In 1842 and 1843 he was a Represent- ative in the legislature as a Democrat. He was associate county judge in 1845-6. He became a Freesoiler in 1852, and a Republican in 1854. He sent two sons to the army in 1861, of whom one was killed. He died AprU 14, 1877. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 43 WILLIAM A. ANDERSON, Representative frOfm Newaygo county, in 1887, was born in Elgin county, Ontario, in 1843. He is the son of a farmer. At a very early age he acquired a thirst for knowledge which was gratified as well as the public schools and academies of the province would permit. At twenty years of age he was employed in one of the largest nur- series in the province, and he remained until 1863, when he came to Newaygo county, where he has since resided. He built the JEtna flouring mills, on White river, and operated them for many years; he cleared up a large farm; he has been engaged in logging at various times, and at one time in the manufacture of lumber and shingles, and for six years represented the township of Denver on the board of supervisors, holding that office at the time he removed from the town. Mr. Anderson conceived the idea of building a flouring-mill at Fremont, and in February, 1886, the " Crescent Mill " was in oper- ation at Fremont. In politics Mr. Anderson is a consistent Repub- lican, and has been recognized as a leader. He has served one term as chairman of the Republican County Committee, and was unani- mously re-elected to a second term. He has held the offices of super- visor and school director. Mr. Anderson was elected Representative by a vote of 1,868 to 1,630 for John W. McNabb, and 287 for James H. Edwards. Prohibitionist. CHARLES ANDREWS Was born at Putney, Vt., August 28, 1820. In 1828 he removed with his father, Rev. Elisha D. Andrews, to West Bloomfield, Ontario county, N. Y., from thereto Mendon, Monroe county, in 1829, and In 1831 to Pittsford, same county. In 1841 the family removed to Armada, Michigan, and settled upon land previously purchased of the govern- ment. His education was received principally at a private school, and at the Rochester, N. Y. , Collegiate Institute. In politics he was a Whig until the organization of the Republican party, and has re- mained a Republican ever since. In business, a farmer. He still owns his farm, but has retired from its active management, and lives in Armada village. He has been sixteen times elected and appointed supervisor of his township. Was Senator from Macomb county in 1867-69-70, where he gained the reputation of a valuable committee worker. Was Deputy U. S. Collector for Macomb county four years, and was honorably discharged. Was nominated for judge of probate in 1880, but failed of an election. Has been a member of the Congre- gational Church since 1841. Was two years president of the Macomb County Agricultural Society, and six years president of the Armada 44 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. Agricultural Society. For ten years has been a director and the vice president of the Macomb County Mutual Insurance Co., and has held various other positions of responsibility and trust. In point of an- cestry his history is not without interest. His grandfather, Jonathan Andrews, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. His grandfather, on his mother's side, was JDr. Seth Lathrop, of West Springfield, Mass., and his great grandfather, the Rev. Joseph Lathrop, D. D., of the same place, an eminent divine in his day. JOHN ANDREWS Was born in Schuyler, Oneida county, N. Y., June 1, 1808, and re- moved from there to Cayuga county, N. Y., when young, where he lived until 1840, when he removed to Van Buren county, Michigan, first living at Paw Paw and later at Lawrence. He was a farmer and was also engaged in lumbering. In politics a Democrat. He was a Representative to the Michigan House in 1843, 1845 and 1849. JOHN L. ANDREWS Was born in Chili, Monroe county, N. Y. , April 8, 1822. He resided in that and the adjoiaing town of Wheatland until 1836, when his father settled in Brighton, Michigan. In 1841 he went to Milf ord and learned the miller's trade, at which he worked until 1859. He then bought the Pettibone mills and ran them until 1872, when he sold out, and established the Milf ord Exchange Bank, which he sold in 1876 to the Wilhelm Brothers, and bought a farm of 410 acres adjoining the village of Milf ord, where he now resides. He married Delphia Bartlett in 1846. She died in 1854, and he married Laura E. Fuller in 1859. He has five sons. He was a director of the Wayne & Monroe R. R. Company from its organization until its sale to the F. & P. M. Company. He has been a member of the school board for thirty years and is still a member. He was Representative from the Third District of Oakland county in the legislature of 1871-2. He was a Whig but has been a Republican since the organization of that party. JOSIAH ANDREWS Was bom at Metz, Cayuga county, N. Y., June 28, 1813, and received his early education in the common schools, and at Cazeno via. He studied medicine and graduated with the highest honors from Fair- field Medical College in 1838, and settled at Paw Paw, Michigan. He was surgeon of the Third Mi(;higan Cavalry until 1864, when he was made staff surgeon, and transferred to the army of the Potomac. In MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 45 1865 he returned home to a successful practice. He was a Represent- ative in the legislature of 1846, and was a collector of internal reve- nue from 1869 to 1873. In politics he has been a Republican since the organization of that party. WESLEY P. ANDRUS, Senator from Kent county, in 1877, was born February 19, 1834, in the town of Potter, Yates county, N. Y. He followed farming until attaining his majority; was educated at Franklin Academy and Gen- esee College, N. Y. ; removed to Michigan in 1856, where, up to the time of the breaking out of the war, he was principally engaged in teaching school. In 1861 he entered the Forty-second Illinois Volun- teer Infantry, and was commissioned first lieutenant about two months after; was promoted to captaincy for meritorious service at Stone River. At the battle of Missionary Ridge he was severely wounded, and was discharged on account of disability in May, 1864. At the close of the war he engaged in mercantile business in Michi- gan, and IS now a hardware merchant at Cedar Springs, Kent county. He has been four years a member of its common council and a president of that village. In politics a Republican. FERNANDO C. ANNABLE, Representative from Van Buren county, in 1842, was born at Metz, Cayuga county, New York, December 28, 1805. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Democrat. He came to Michigan in 1836, and settled on a farm in Almena, Van Buren county, where he resided until his death, October 2, 1886. He was supervisor and treasurer of the town a number of terms. EMIL ANNEKE Was born in Dartmund, Prussia, December 13, 1823. His father was a royal counselor. The son was educated at the University of Ber- lin, and, taking part in the unsuccessful revolution of 1848, with others came to this country in 1849. He taught school in Pennsyl- vania; was one of the editorial staff of the Staats Zeitung in New York; then corresponding clerk in a New York house; in 1855 came to Detroit and was editorial manager of a German paper; then a clerk in the office of the Auditor General; was nominated and elected Auditor-General of Michigan in 1862, and served two terms, from 1863 to 1867; was admitted to the bar and practiced at Grand Rapids; for several years was United States Receiver at the land office at Trav- 46 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. erse City; then he resided at East Saginaw; but since 1874 he has lived at Bay City, and has been engaged in law, real estate and abstract business. HENRY H. APLIN Was born on a farm in the township of Thetford, Genesee county, Michigan, April 15, 1841. In 1848 his father moved to the city of Flint where they remained until 1856, when the family again returned to the farm where he remained until the breaking out of the rebellion of 1861, when he enlisted as a private in Company C, 16th Michigan Infantry, serving until the close of the war. He was made a Second Lieutenant in 1865. Returning to Michigan at the close of the war he entered into the mercantile business at Wenona, now West Bay City, and has been identified with its growth and progress up to the present time. He immediately took an active and prominent part in local politics, and was appointed postmaster by President Grant in Novem- ber, 1869, succeeding Newcomb Clark, which office he held until June, 1886. Always a staunch Republican as well as a strong advocate of the rights of labor, he has represented his town and county in local and state conventions for many years and his state in the National convention which nominated Blaine and Logan at Chicago in June, 1884. Mr. Aplin was nominated for Auditor General by the Republican State convention at Grand Rapids, August 25, 1886, and was elected by over 17,334 plurality (including misspelled votes), running 11,000 votes ahead of his ticket in the state and 1,908 ahead in his own county. WILLARD B. ARMS Was born in Penfield, New York, February 12, 1827, the youngest of six children. He came to Michigan with his parents in 1834, who settled in Milford, Oakland county. He had limited school advantages, only attending to the age of twelve, but became a self-educated man by diligent study after working hours. He became apt in discus- sions and debate at an early age and often took part in them. In 1846 he engaged in business for himself at White Lake, Oakland county, where he remained until 1860, when he removed to Fenton, Genesee county. He was Senator from Oakland county in 1855-57-8, and from Genesee county in 1867. He devoted his energies entirely to his large mercan- tile business at Fenton for several years, and in 1872 removed to Mar. quette, Michigan. After residing there four years he removed to Chicago, where he lived until his death which occurred Nov. 8, 1878. He was a Republican in politics, and a consistent church member. MICHIGAN BIOGKAPH"^. 47 JOHN H. ARMSTRONG Was born in Poughkeepsie, New York, August 30, 1815. Three years after, his parents removed to Bethel, and in 1881 to Pratts- burg, X. Y., where he Uvea until the death of his parents, receiv- ing only a common school education. In 1831 he returned to Poughkeepsie, and learned the machinist and other trades. In 1837 he came to Michigan and located at Grass Lake. His principal busi- ness from that time until 1857 was putting in running works of flour- ing mills in southeastern Michigan. In 1857 he removed to Hills- dale, where he has since resided, and engaged in the hide and leather trade until 1883. Was trustee of the village of Hillsdale in 1862, and its president in 1863-4 and a part of 1865; chairman of Republican County Committee for two years, and for some years justice of the peace. He was Representative from the Second District of Hillsdale county in 1870. Has been director of Second National Bank of Hills- dale since 1865, and is also a director of the Hillsdale Savings Bank. At first a Whig, but a Republican since 1854; has often been delegate to state and other conventions. SULLIVAN ARMSTRONG, Representative from Newaygo county in 1873-4-5, was born March 3, 1831, in the town of Riga, Monroe county. New York. In 1826 he emigrated to Michigan and settled in Oakland county. In 1852 he removed to Ashland, Newaygo county, where he now resides. He has been supervisor of his town, and county treasurer several times. Mr. Armstrong's occupation is that of a farmer and lumberman. DANIEL J. ARNOLD Was born in Gun Plain, Allegan county, Michigan, November 17, 1838. He received a fair education and became a successful teacher. He entered the law department of the State University in 1859, and graduated in 1861. He became a law partner of E. B. Bassett at Allegan, from 1862 to 1865, and from that time until 1873 was a part- ner of J. W. Stone. He was circuit court commissioner from 1863 to 1865, and judge of probate from 1865 to 1873. In 1874 he was ap. pointed circuit judge to fill vacancy. In 1875 was elected to that position for six years, and was re-elected in 1881 and 1887. He is an able judge, and has several times received a large support from the southwestern part of the state for a place in the supreme court. In politics a Republican. 48 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. JOSEPH ARNOLD Was a farmer in the town of Addison, Oakland county. He was a Representative in the legislature of 1842, was supervisor in 1846, and later a justice of the peace. SEYMOUR ARNOLD Was an early settler in the town of Addison, Oakland county. He was supervisor from 1840 to 1844, and a school commissioner in 1837, at the first organization of the town. He was Representative in the legislature of 1845. By occupation, a farmer. WILLIAM P. ARNOLD Was born at Clarendon, Vt., August 23, 1806. He removed with his parents to western New York in 1818, where he lived until 1833, when he removed to Cold water, Michigan, and bought a large farm. He sold out in 1839 and purchased a farm in the township of Quincy, now the site of the village of Quincy. He was supervisor of the town for twenty years, held other official positions and was Repre- sentative in the legislature ot 1853. Not living. ALEXANDER M. ARZENO, Representative from Monroe county in 1847, and State Senator in 1853, was an early settler in Monroe county. By occupation a stave and lumber dealer, politically a Democrat. He was supervisor, justice of the peace, and a leading citizen for many years. He was called " Black Hawk " from his complexion and characteristics as a leader. JAMES ASHLEY Was bom in Toronto, Canada, November 18, 1815. In 1826 the family removed to Huron county, Ohio, where his father followed farming. The son learned the trade of a blacksmith, which avoca- tion he followed at intervals. In 1841 he commenced preaching as a Free Will Baptist minibter. He removed to Mason township, Cass county, Michigan, in 1855, where he held a pastoral relation for more than twenty-five years. He preached at Summer ville for twelve years and organized the church at Berrien Center and preached there nine years. He also did much missionary work and was never idle, working as a carpenter to supply his needs. Through his instru- mentality the churches at Adams ville and Mason were built. He ( MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 49 was a man of positive character aad decided opinions, which he had the boldness to express on all suitable occasions. He was a Repre- sentative in the legislature of 1869-70 as a Republican. He died March 23, 1882. HENRY C. ASHMUN, Representative from Midland county in 1855, 1857-8, was born at Mackinaw and was by profession a lawyer and politically a Republi- can. He was a half blood Indian, and with the Indian type of eyes, hair and complexion. He was an excellent legislator, and in every sense of the word a gentleman. He died in 1858. BENJAMIN D. ASHTON, Representative from the Grand Traverse District in 1887, comprising the counties of Grand Traverse and Kalkaska, was born in Claremont county, Ohio, September 15, 1828. Mr. Ashton's early life was spent on a farm. He is a physician, and has been a resident of Michigan twenty-four years ; has held the office of supervisor and is now presi- dent of the village of Traverse City. He was elected Representative on the Republican ticket for 1887-8 by a vote of 1,897 to 948 for John Wilhelm, and 246 for Cyrel H. Tyler, Prohibitionist, f REUBEN ATWATER Was secretary of the territory of Michigan, from 1808 to 1814 under Governor Hull, and during the same period was collector of the port of Detroit. Atwater street in Detroit was named in his honor. The census of the territory in 1810 was taken under his direction. HENRY P. ATWOOD Was born in the state of New York in 1825. By profession a lawyer, and has been prosecuting attorney of Tuscola county, and a supervisor. He was a representative from Tuscola county in 1855. He is now a resi- dent of Grand Traverse county, and is engaged in farming. In pol- itics a Republican. MARCUS M. ATWOOD, Representative from Ingham county in 1861-2, and 1871-2, came with his father's family from Cayuga county. New York, and settled in the town of Ingham, Ingham county, in 1836. He has practiced law in the township over 35 years and has resided in the village of Dans- ville since 1858. Has held the offices of supervisor, town clerk, justic 7 50 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. of the peace, and from 1868 to 1879 was president of the village of Dansville. In politics a Democrat. WILLIAM A. ATWOOD, Senator from the Thirteenth District in 1887, comprising Genesee and Livingston counties, was born in the town of Newfane, Niagara county, New York, April 11, 1835. He spent his early boyhood upon a farm and had the educational advantages of a common school, and one term at the Wilson Academy. At the age of seventeen he learned the jeweler's trade and three years after went to Gait, Canada, where he engaged in the stave, cooper and shingle business with his brother, Jesse B. Atwood. In 1859 he sold out his interest and returned to Niagara county and engaged in farming, and built a shingle mill which was burned in 1863. He again went to Canada and was in the lumber business. In 1866 he removed to Flint, with his brother, J. B* Atwood, and B. W. Simington, and with them built a large saw mill and began the lumber business on Flint river, and continued the same up to 1879. He continued with his brother in the lumber business in Clare county until 1883. In 1876 he associated himself with Orren Stone, in the woolen manufacturing business jin the Flint Woolen Mills, and still maintains his interest in that business. In 1883 he purchased an interest in the hardware business and is now a member of the firm of Wood & Atwood. For the past ten years he has been a director and vice president of the Genesee County Savings Bank. In 1881 he was elected mayor of Flint. He has been a Republican since the formation of that party, and was elected to the Senate of 1887-8 by a vote of 7,334 to 5,436 for ex-Governor Josiah W. Begole, Fusionist, and 1,590 for F. B. Clark, Prohibitionist. CHARLES AUSTIN, Senator from the Eighth District, Calhoun county, in 1883 and 1885, and Representative in 1881-2, was born in London, England, April 19, 1834. He received his education in one of the schools of the Brit- ish and Foreign School Society. He emigrated to America in February, 1852, and resided in the state of New York until the spring of 1854 when he removed to Concord, Jackson county, Mich. There he made the acquaintance of Miss Lucy D. Taylor, whom he married January 1, 1855. In the fall of the same year he removed to Homer, and two years later to Bedford, Calhoun county. In 1872, he, as senior mem- ber, formed a co-partnership with Mr. Hoflmaster, and engaged in the dry goods business in Battle Creek, where he still resides. In 1875 he was elected an alderman of his ward ; was elected mayor in 1876 \ MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY. 51 and re-elected in 1877. He is a Republican, and takes pride in having attended the meeting held under the oaks at Jackson, for the organi- zation of the Republican party. He was for several years president of the Union Mutual Insurance Company. JOHN AVERY Was born at Watertown, New York, February 29, 1824, and was the eldest son of John and Susan (Mitchell) Avery. His father served in the war of 1812. He came with his father's family to Michigan, received a common school and academical education, taught school winters, and worked on his father's farm until he was twenty -one. He grad- uated at the Medical College in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1849, and com- menced practice at Owosso. In 1854 he removed to Ionia, and prac- ticed two years ; thence to Otisco, where he remained until 1862. He* then became assistant surgeon of the 21st Michigan Infantry ; was made surgeon in 1863 ; marched with Sherman to the sea, and was discharged in 1865. In 1867 he settled at Greenville, practiced eight years, and then went into the drug business. Has been supervisor and alderman and was Representative in the legislature of 1869-70. In politics a Republican. SAMUEL AXFORD Was born in what was then known as the " Long Point" country in Ontario, Canada. His parents were originally from New Jersey. His mother, Rachael Morgan, was a niece of General Morgan of the Revo- lution. His parents settled in Shelby, Macomb county, where he lived until 1833, when he settled on a farm in Oxford, Oakland county, and was the third settler in that township. He held nearly all town offices, and in 1839, 1840 and 1843 was Representative in the legisla- ture ; and in 1851 8tate Senator. In politics a Democrat. WILLIAM AXFORD Was born at Windom, Ontario, Canada, March 28, 1813. He came with his parents to Michigan in 1823, who settled in Macomb county, about three miles east of the village of Rochester. Asa young man, he was a teacher, and afterwards became a merchant at Avon. In 1842 he removed to Clarkston, where he was a successful merchant for twenty -five years. He was Representative in the Michigan House in 1850, and was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1850. He was a Democrat in politics, and eminently a leader. As a busi- ness man he contributed largely to the prosperity of Clarkston. He died September 16, 1886. 52 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. ARTEMAS ALLEN, Representative from Lenawee county in 1839, was born in the state of New York, and before coming to Michigan was a contractor for building an aqueduct for the Erie canal over Tonawanda creek, and came to Michigan from Medina, N. Y., as early as 1836, settling at Medina, Lenawee county, where he was engaged in milling and mer- cantile business. Later he was a resident of Cold water, where he died some ten years since at about the age of 73. In politics a Dem- ocrat. WILLIAM W. ANDRUS, Senator from Macomb county in 1881-2, was born in Wyoming county, N. Y., July 24, 1821. He came with his father to Michigan in 1822, and has been a resident of Macomb county since that time. He is a druggist, in politics a Republican. Resides at Utica. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1867, and was assessor of internal revenue under Grant in the old 5th Congressional District. CHARLES V. BABCOCK Was born in Orwell, Addison county, Vermont, June 4, 1823. He re- moved with his parents to Southfield, Oakland county, Michigan, in 1830, and was brought up on a farm. He received a common school education, with three terms at the Ypsilanti Seminary. He taught school several winters. He has been for twenty times supervisor of Southfield, the last in ls85 ; has held other township offices ; been clerk of Oakland county from 1859 to 1861 ; in 1863, 1864 and 1875 was State Senator from Oakland county, and is now justice of tlie peace. His occupation is farming ; in politics a Democrat. HENRY S. BABCOCK Was born in Orwell, Vermont, August 23, 1798. He settled in South- field, Michigan, in 1829, and purchased of the government four hun- dred acres of land. He was appointed a justice of the peace by Gov- ernor Cass in 1830. At the first township meeting in Southfield, held April 4, 1881, he was elected supervisor. He held the office of justice of the peace several terms. In 1842 he was Representative in the state legislature. He died October 26, 1842. In politics a Democrat. JONATHAN W. BABCOCK, Senator from the Sixteenth District, in 1887, comprising the counties of Lapeer and Sanilac, was born in Williams township Ontario, MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 53 Canada, April 19, 1849. At the age of three years he removed with his parents to Romeo,' Macomb county, Mich. He resided with his par- ents in Macomb county until he was fourteen years of age, when he removed with them to the township of Elk, Sanilac county. As soon as he was large enough to do any work, he began making hoops and staves. He attended school three months the winter that he was fifteen years old. This, with a few months' schooling when a small boy, is all the schooling he ever had. He continued at his former business until he was nineteen years old, when he was appointed as sub-agent for the purchase of hoops for the Salt Company at Onon- daga, New York, which business he carried on in the Saginaw "Valley for three years, when he returned to Sanilac county. During these years he had bought and read a great many books, and was consid- ered a well-informed man on general topics. He has held the offices of town clerk, supervisor, school inspector, and many minor offices, and in 1872 was elected sheriff of Sanilac county on the Republican ticket; declined a second nomination and (Jecided to be a lawyer, and at the expiration of his term as sheriff purchased law books, re- moved to the township of Elmer, and being without means he worked to support his family, studying nights and odd moments, until 1877, when he was admitted to the bar as an attorney. In 1880 he was elected prosecuting attorney ; was re-elected in 1882 and again m 1884, and discharged his duties very satisfactorily. He is certainly a self-made man. Was elected to the Senate of 1887-8 on the Repub- lican ticket by a vote of 5,088 to 4,368 for Arthur M. Clark, and 725 for John Mitchell, Prohibitionist. W. IRVING BABCOCK, Senator from the Ninth District, Berrien and Cass counties, in 1887, was born at Troy, New York, July 7, 1833. When he was but nine years old his father died. He attended school at Troy until sixteen years of age, when he entered the Collegiate Institute at Charlotte ville, New York, and finished his studies at Genesee College, Lima, New York. He was engaged as teacher and contractor until 1858, when he married Ruth W. Hitchcock, at Havana, New York, and removed to Keeler, Van Buren county, Michigan, and engaged in farming until 1866, when he removed to Niles, where he has since been engaged in the lumber trade. The Republican electoral ticket has received his vote from t he organization of the party. His first official position was that of township clerk and later he was elected and re-elected alderman of Niles, and in 1885 was elected mayor, overcoming a democratic majority of 150. In 1886 he was again 54 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. elected by a majority of 177. In 1884 he was alternate delegate to the Republican National Convention from the Fourth Congressional District, and he wa,s the earnest supporter of James G. Blaine for the nomination. His father was vestryman of St. John's Church, Troy, and Mr. Babcock was baptized in that church, and is now a member of Trinity Church, Niles, of which for several years he has been a vestryman. He is master of St. Joseph Valley Lodge No. 4, F. & A. M., and past high priest of St. Joseph Chapter No. 3. Has been eminent commander of Niles Commandery No. 12, Knights Tem- plar, and grand senior warden of the Masonic Grand Lodge of Michigan. As the Republican candidate for State Senator he received 6,806 votes to 6,290 for J. Boyd Thomas, and 921 for John B. Sweet- land, Prohibitionist. HENRY T. BACKUS Represented Detroit in the lower House of the legislature, session of 1840, and was Senator from the Third District, comprising a part of Wayne county, sessions 1861-62, during the first session being president pro tern, oi the Senate. He was a native of Connecticut, born in 1821, was a lawyer by profession, and was for some years a leading practitioner in Detroit. He was alderman from the ninth ward, 1860-61. He was appointed by President Grant a judge of the territorial court of Arizona, and served as such for seven years. He was a Whig and Republican in politics, and died in 1877. WILLIAM BACKUS, Representative from Montcalm county, in 1875, was born September 14, 1825, in the state of New York. He received a common school education, removed to Michigan in 1836 and settled in Oakland county. In 1848 he removed to Montcalm county. Mr. Backus was supervisor in Greenville four years, and served as county clerk of Montcalm count} in 1861-2. His occupation is dealing in real estate and lumbering. In politics a Democrat. CYRUS BACON Was born in Ballston, Saratoga county. New York. Representative in the legislature of 1849. DANIEL S. BACON, Representative from Monroe county in 1839, was born in Onondaga county. New York, in 1798, He came to Michigan at an early day, MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 55 and taught school on the River Raisin in 1833, settled at Monroe, paid considerable attention to farming, and became a ^partner of Levi S. Humphrey in various kinds of business. He became a lawyer and practiced his profession with great success. He was a member of the fifth and sixth territorial councils, serving from 1833 to 1835. He was for many years judge of probate for Monroe county, was president of the bank of Monroe and a director of the Michigan South- ern Railroad Company. He held other positions, in all of which he acquitted himself with ability. He was one of the most popular men in the early history of Monroe county. Died at Monroe, May 18 > 1866. In politics a Democrat. JOHN BACON, Representative from Keweenaw county in 1851, was a mining agent in Keweenaw county as early as 1846, and is said to have gone from Pontiac to the Upper Peninsula. He went to Detroit, where he re- sided several years, and from there to one of the Western territories, where he died several years ago. LEVI BACON, JIl., Representative from Oakland county in 1857-8, was born in Ellington , Connecticut, in 1819. He emigrated to Michigan in 1838, and was a resident of Pontiac from 1843 to 1875, engaged in mercantile business. In 1875 he was appointed by Secretary Chandler cashier of the patent office, which position he held until his death, June 33, 1887. He was mayor of Pontiac in 1866-7, and a Republican in politics. NATHANIEL BACON Was born at Ballston, New York, July 14, 1803, and graduated at Union College in 1834. He studied law at Rochester, N. Y., and practiced there several years. He came to Niles, Michigan, in 1833, and held several offices, including that of prosecuting attorney. In Oc- tober, 1855, he was appointed circuit judge and one of the judges of the Supreme Court, in place of Judge Whipple, deceased. He acted in the Supreme Court until January 1, 1858, when the present Supreme Court was organized. In 1857 he was elected circuit judge for six years; was elected again in 1866 to fill vacancy caused by the death of Perrin M. Smith, and was re-elected in 1869 for six years. He died at Niles, September 9. 1869. In politics a Republican. JOHN JUDSON BAGLEY Was bom in Medina, Orleans county, New York, July 34, 1833. His father, John Bagley, was a native of New Hampshire, and his mother, 56 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPliY. Mary M. Bagley, a native of Connecticut. He attended district school at Lockport, N. Y., and at Constantine, Michigan, where his parents removed when he was eight years of age. At thirteen years of age he became a clerk in a country store at Constantine, where he remained one year. His father removed to Owosso, where he again became a clerk. In 1847 he went to Detroit, and secured employment in a tobacco factory, where he remained five years. In 1854 he began business as a manufacturer of tobacco, and the business became very large and profitable. He also engaged in other enter, prises, such as banking, mining and manufacturing. He was one of the organizers of the Michigan Mutual Life Insurance Co. , and several years its president; president for years of the Detroit Safe Co.; a director for many years of the American National Bank, and stock- holder and director in other corporations. He was for six years one of the police commissioners of Detroit; was an alderman two years; and two years a member of the board of education. He was an active Republican from the organization of that party, and was chairman of the State Republican Committee from 1868 to 1870. In 1872 he was nominated and elected governor of Michigan, and was re-elected in 1874, serving four years, from 1873 to 1877. As governor he gave careful attention to all duties and made many visits to the various state institutions. Under his administration, the State Fish Commis- sion was established, and a law was passed creating a State Board of Health. The successful exhibition made by Michigan at the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia in 1876. was largely due to him. He largely changed the character of government of the Reform School, throwing away bolts and bars, and trusting to the honor of the boys for gov- ernment. For many years before he died, the boys of that school received an annual dinner from him, accompanied by appropriate gifts. In everything where benevolence and kindaess could avail in caring for the wards of the state, his influence was exerted, and punishment was tempered with incentives to reform. He was an Unitarian in belief, but liberal in his views as to other creeds. His wife, Francis E. New- berry, was the daughter of Rev. Samuel Newberry, a pioneer mission- ary in Michigan. In 1881, Governor Bagley was a candidate for United States Senator, and came within one vote of receiving the caucus republican nommation. He had accumulated a large fortune, and among other bequests gave several thousand dollars for a public fountain in Detroit. He made warm friends and retained them. He aided many young men to get a start in the world, and is a bright example of what determination and perseverance can do to lift a poor boy to the highest position of trust and honor. He died in San MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 57 Francisco, California, December 27, 1881, leaving a wife and seven children. ALVIN W. BAILEY, Representative from Barry county in 1853, was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., September 39, 1814. He came to Michigan soon after its organization as a state, and settled at Marshall. He soon after removed to Barry county, and settled at Hastings. He was the first president of the village of Hastings. He was a merchant and farmer. Politically a Democrat. Died March 6, 1887. FREDERICK G. BAILEY, Representative from Shiawassee county in 1873-4-5, was born in Bath, England, May 29, 1828. In lb32 he emigrated to the United States and settled in the city of New York. In 1845 he came to Michigan and settled in the town of Hadley, Lapeer county. Mr. Bailey re- ceived an academic education. In 1861 he removed to the town of Venice, Shiawassee county, and in 1863 removed to Keweenaw county, where he resided four years. In 1868 he returned to the town of Venice, Shiawassee county, where he now resides. Mr. Bailey has been chairman of the Republican county committee of Shiawassee county, and has held other offices of trust in his township. His occu- pation is that of a farmer. Politics Republican. NORMAN BAILEY, State Senator in 1861 and 1862, from Barry and other counties, was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., January 1, 1822. He came to Mich- igan, in 1853, and has since resided at Hastings, except when absent at headquarters in Grand Rapids during the war, and two years at Ionia. He was a (!!aptain in the service during the war, and was provost marshal of the 4th congressional district, and held several minor offices. He made a splendid record as provost marshal, his district taking in the Upper Peninsula and the lower, north of Barry county. For correct reports, strict discipline, and just decisions he especially distinguished himself. Asa legislator he was a Republican , now a Democrat. His business has been that of a merchant. FRANCIS BAKER Was born at Sheffield, Massachusetts, October 9, 1804. He came to Michigan from Caro, near Catskill, N. Y., in 1838, and settled in Holly, Genesee county, where he alsvays resided with the exception 8 68 MICHIGAiq^ BIOGRAPHY. of four or,five years in business at Flint. Has been supervisor, town clerk, and held other offices, and is a justice of the peace. In politics a Democrat. He was Representative in the session of 1848. He died December 6, 1887. FREDERICK A. BAKER, Representative from Wayne county, in 1877, was born at Holly, Oak- land county, Michigan, June 14, 1846. He received a good common school education at the public schools in Holly, Clarkston and Flint, and was a member of the freshman class in the State Agricultural College in 1863. He commenced the study of the law in 1865, was admitted to the bar in 1867, and has been in active practice ever since. Democrat in politics. MILO S. BAKER, Representative from Ionia county in 1861-2, was born in Morganville, Genesee county, N. Y., March 20, 1828. He removed with his parents to Oneida, Eaton county, Mich,, in 1836. Their teams made the first wagon track from a point nine miles west of Howell, through Wil- liamston and Lansing, to Grand Ledge. TLe Indians had a corn field at the mouth of Cedar river, now in the city of Lansing, but there were no white inhabitants along the river for many miles. In 1848-9 he helped organize the first Masonic lodge in Lansing. The same year he crossed the plains to California, returning to Michigan in 1853. He was in the foundry business in Lansing from 1864 to 1875, when he removed to Los Angeles, Cal., where he owns and runs an extensive foundry and machine shop. NEWTON BAKER, Representative from Clinton county in 1877, was born in Walworth, Wayne county, N. Y., July 13, 1833. He received a common school education. In 1865 he removed to Michigan, and settled in the township of Bengal, Clinton county, where he now resides. He has held the offices of justice of the peace and supervisor. He is by occupation a farmer and fruit grower. In politics a Democrat. SEWARD BAKER. Representative from the Second District of Monroe county, in 1885 and 1887, was born in the township of Ash, in that county, October 11, 1858. He lived on a farm until twenty-one years of age, attending school during the winter terms. Mr. Baker then entered the Northern MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY. 59 Indiana Normal School and graduated in the teachers' department in 1882. He taught select school in Canandaigua, Lenawee county, the winter of 1882. He was a member of the House of 1885-6, and entered the law department of the University in October, 1885, and w:as ad- mitted to the bar in June, 1886. Since that time he has practiced law in Carlton, Monroe county; is a Democrat and was elected Represent- ative for 1887-8 by a vote of 1,508 to 1,414 for T. C. Howard, Repub- lican, and 151 for Bragg, Prohibitionist. WILLI A.M BAKER, JR., Senator from Lenawee county in 1861-2, was born in Fort Ann, Wash- ington county, N. Y., October 21, 1818. He came to Michigan in 1838, stopped one year at Adrian, settling in 1839 at Hudson. He was a merchant and general produce dealer, politically first Whig then Republican. A man of energy and enterprise in business, generous in the social relations of life, an active political worker, and a firm ad- herent to party principles. He was postmaster of Hudson in 1841, and a member of the board of control of railroads. Died several years since. WILLIAM A. BAKER, Representative from the First District of Berrien county in 1887, was born at New Pittsburg, Wayne county, Ohio, March 17, 1845. When Mr. Baker was five years old his father died and he was bound out to a farmer named Livingston, in Ashland county. Here he resided until a short time before the war. During the war he served in Com- pany K, 178th Ohio Volunteers. After his return from the army he attended school at an academy at Canaan, Ohio, and acquired his medical education at the University of Michigan, being a graduate of the class of 1870. He is also a graduate of Rush Medical College, Chicago. In 1868 he was married to Miss Alice M. Clark at Coloma, Michigan, his present place of residence, where he has held the offices of township clerk, justice of the peace and supervisor. Dr. Baker has been commander of Garfield Post, G. A. R. , four years. He was elected to the House of 1837-8 on the Republican ticket by a vote of 2,432 to 1,918 for Roman I. Jarvis and 238 for Capt. John H. Lee, Prohibitionist. NATHANIEL A. BALGH Was born at Athens, Vt.. January 22, 1808, and was one of the twelve children of Nathaniel and Sarah Balch. He was possessed of a re- markable memory, and after receiving an academical education, he 60 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. graduated from Middlebury College with high honor. He took the position of principal of an academy in Bennington, Vt. , and was very successful as a teacher. In 1837 he came to Kalamazoo and opened and organized the school now known as Kalamazoo College. In 1838 he accepted a professorship of mathematics in Michigan College established in Marshall. The endowment of the institution being only wild lands, for which there was no sale, it closed, and Mr. Balch returned to Kalamazoo, and resumed the study of the law which he had commenced before coming to Michigan. He was admitted in 1840, and has continued in practice until this time. He was prosecut- ing attorney for Barry county in 1840 by appointment, and the next year of Kalamazoo county. He was a State Senator in 1847 and 1848. This was at the time of the removal of the capital from Detroit to Lansing, and Mr. Balch gave efficient aid in the passage of general railroad, plank road, homestead and telegraph laws. Under Bu- chanan he was postmaster of Kalamazoo for four years. In 1860 he was the democratic nominee for congress but was defeated. After that he was a candidate for no office. He is a professing Christian, a devoted Bible student, a strong temperance advocate, and a highly liberal and benevolent man. He is a Democrat in politics. AUGUSTUS C. BALDWIN Was born at Salina, Onondaga county, N. Y., December 24, 1817. He is the seventh in lineal- descent from Henry Baldwin, who came from England and settled in Woburn, Massachusetts, shortly before 1650. He is the son of Jonathan and Mary (Carpenter) Baldwin. His father was a merchant, but died when his son was five, leaving little for the support of the family. The son went to live with an uncle at Canterbury, Conn., where he went to school and at the age of nineteen engaged in teaching. The next year he attended the Academy at Plainfield, Conn. In 1837 he came to Oakland county, Michigan, and taught school in Southfield. For the next five years he taught and studied by turns. He began reading law with John P. Richardson, of Pontiac, in 1839. He was admitted in 1842, and opened an office at Milford. For nearly seven years he practiced at that place, but in 1849, removed to Pontiac which has since been his home. He has appeared as counsel in more leading cases than any other lawyer of Oakland county, and for thirty-five years has been an acknowledged leader at the bar. He was school inspector in Bloomfield in 1840; Representative in the legislative sessions of 1844 and 1846; speaker pro tem in 1846; brigadier general of the state militia from 1846 to 1862; prosecuting attorney in 1853-54; member of congress from 1863 to 1865; mayor MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 61 of Pontiac in 1874; for eighteen years member of the board of edu- cation of Pontiac; trustee of the Eastern Insane Asylum and trustee of the Michigan Military Academy; president of the Oakland county agricultural society; president of the county pioneer association; judge of the 6th judicial circuit from 1875 to 1879, when he resigned from insufficient salary; delegate to the democratic national cjonventions of 1860 and 1864; member of the peace convention at Philadelphia in 1866; member of the democratic national and state committee, and a prominent Mason and Knight Templar. He married Isabella Churchhill in 1842. He is still in the prime of life, has a private library of 13,000 volumes, and takes great enjoyment in books. In politics, a Democrat; in religion, a Presbyterian. He has amassed a competency and enjoys the farm, stock, poultry, fruits and flowers. CHARLES BALDWIN, Representative from the Third District of Oakland county in 1846- 79-81-3, was born October 9, 1803, in New Haven county, Conn., and removed to western New York, then almost a wilderness, in 1814. He received his education in the common schools, and taught school six terms. He spent the summer of 1835 in Michigan, but did not remove to this state permanently until 1830. He is a farmer, and has held the office of school inspector, highway commissioner, justice of the peace for several terms ; has been supervisor some fifteen years, and many years one of the board of trustees of the Pontiac union school. In his election the vote stood: for M. Baldwin' Republican, 1,661; Gray, Democrat, 1,613; Hill, National, 38. Mr. Baldwin is a Republican and senior member of the legisla- ture. He was a democratic member of the House in 1846. He has the autographs of all his colleagues. Isaac E. Crary was speaker, and among the names are: Austin Blair, Whitney Jones, Augustus C. Baldwin, Gen. A. S. Williams, J. M. Edmunds. ELIAS J. BALDWIN, Representative from Lenawee county in 1851, came from Berkshire county, Mass., to Morenci, Mich., about 1834. Lived at Morenci until he died, being over eighty years of age. In politics, first a Whig, then a Republican. JOHN BARBER, Senator from Lenawee county in 1851, was born in Perham, Mass., in 1793. He emigrated first to Vermont, and then to Walworth 9 62 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. Wayne county, N. Y. Afterwards lived at Marion, same county, where he was a justice of the peace; also clerk of Wayne county for six years, and was an associate judge of the county court. He then became a resident of Clyde,. N. Y., and was there a merchant. He settled in Adrian, Mich., in 1836, and held, among other offices, those of county clerk, register of deeds and justice of the peace. In poli- tics a Democrat, and later a Republican. Died April 15, 1867. EZRA P. BALDWIN, Representative from Oakland county in 1848, was born at Claremonfc, N. H., December 22, 1800. He received only a district school educa- cation, but by extensive reading later in life became an authority upon history, law, and the current news of passing events. He came to Detroit in 1817, and in 1819 settle! upon a farm in Bloomfleld, Oakland county, near Birmingham. A few years later he went to Buffalo, N. Y., and remained several years and was deputy sheriff of Erie county. He returned to Birmingham and was justice of the peace in 1845-6-9. He removed to Iowa in 1853, and subsequently to Martinsville, Mo., where he died in October, 1883. In politics a Democrat. FRANK A. BALDWIN, Representative in 1887 from the district comprising Alpena, Montmo- rency, and Otsego counties, was born at Fremont, Ohio, August 14, 1853. By his own personal efforts he maintained himself and paid his expenses through a scientific course in the Northwestern Normal School, at Republic, Ohio, graduating in 1873. He was admitted to the bar in Fremont, Ohio, in 1876. He also earned, by school teach- ing, sufficient funds to defray all of his expenses while taking a course at the law department of the Michigan University, from which he graduated in the class of 1877. He located at Gaylord, Michigan, in 1879, since which time he has been engaged in law and real estate business. He was married to Miss Nellie E, Osband, daughter of M. D. Osband, formerly of Lansing, Mich., March 12, 1885. Mr. Bald- win has held several offices of trust, among them, assessor of Gaylord schools, township clerk, and treasurer, and during the past two years was deputy county treasurer under Chas. S. Brink, treasurer, per- forming all the work and assuming the responsibility of that office acceptably. Has also been county school examiner. In politics he is Democrat, has been chairman of the Otsego county democratic committee during the past four years, and without in any way seek- ing it, he received the nomination as Representative, by a joint con- MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 63 vention of the democratic and greenback parties and was elected by a vote of 1,865 to 1,713 for Dr. N. L. Parmater, Republican, and 207 for W. S. Fillmore, Prohibitionist. HENRY P. BALDWIN, Ex-Qovernor of Michigan, was born at Coventry, Rhode Island, Feb- ruary 22, 1814. He is a descendant of Nathaniel Baldwin, a puritan from Buckinghamshire, England, who settled at Milford, Conn*, in 1639. His father, John Baldwin, was a graduate of Dartmouth Col- lege, and his grandfather, Rev. Moses Baldwin, who preached for more than fifty years at Palmer, Mass. , graduated at Princeton Col- lege in 1757. Governor Baldwin received a common school education, and became a clerk in a store at the age of twelve, and remained there until twenty years of age, devoting his leisure hours to study. He visited the West in 1837 and removed to Detroit in 1838, where he established a mercantile house which has been successful until the present time. He was for several years a director and president of the Young Men's Society, and has always taken an interest in all matters affecting the prosperity of the city and state. In religious belief an Episcopalian, he has been prominent in that denomination— St. John's church in Detroit was built through his liberality, and he has generously aided churches throughout the state. He was a director of the Michigan State Bank during its existence, and has been president of the Second National Bank since its organization in 1863, resigning in 1887. He was State Senator in 1861 and 1862, and was chairman of the finance committee, of the select joint committee for the investiga- tion of the state treasury and the official acts of that officer, and was a member of other important committees. He was elected governor of Michigan in 1888, and was re-elected in 1870, serving four years from 1869 to 1873, and was an able executive. During his adminis- tration the State School for dependent children was founded at Cold- water; the first steps taken towards building the Eastern Insane Asylum at Pontiac, and many improvements were made in the man- agement of charitable and reformatory institutions. The appropria- tions for the present state capitol were recommended by him, and the contract was let under his adtninistration. On the death of Sen- ator Chandler in 1879, he was appointed by Governor Croswell to fill that position for the unexpired term, and was elected by the legisla- ture of 1881. He was a strong candidate for re-election in 1883. He was one of the delegates at large to the Republican National Conven- tion in 1876; was two years chairman of the state republican com- mittee, and was for many yeare a trustee of the Eastern Asylum at 64 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. Pontiac. In his old age he has the respect and regard of the citizens of Michigan without distinction of party. In integrity, capacity and public spirit he has honored the state of his adoption. SIMEON L. BALDWIN, Representative from Kent county, in 1877, was born m Canterbury, Connecticut, April 4, 1821. He was educated at the common schools and in 1840 he removed to Norwich, and for several terms attended the academy at that place, removing to Grand Rapids, Michigan, in August, 1844. He has been alderman of Grand Rapids for eight years. His occupation is brick making. In politics a Republican. BYRON D. BALL Was born in Rochester, New York, July 19, 1844, His father, David Ball, came to Michigan in 1835 and founded the city of Owosso. In 1840 he removed with his family to Grand Rapids. In 1851 the son was apprenticed to learn the machinist trade with Ball & McRay of Grand Rapids. He served two years at the trade. He married in 1854, and in 1855 bought a half interest in the shop in which he had been employed, and carried on the business two years. In 1857 he commenced the study of law and in 1859 entered the law department of the State University, and graduated in the class of 1861. He commenced practice in Grand Rapids, and was prosecuting attorney of Kent county nearly four years. In 1871-2 he was State Senator and was chairman of the committee on railroads. He was elected Attorney General of Michigan in 1872 and served in 1873 and up to April 1, 1874, when he resigned on ac- count of ill health. He built a block of stores at Grand Rapids and was interested with his father in other enterprises. He was a man of large stature, compactly built, of immense strength, and one of the best amateur boxers ever seen on the' University grounds. He was genial, jovial, kind hearted and popular, and had many warm friends. In politics, a Republican. He died in February, 1876, having resigned as Attorney General in 1874, because of ill health. JOHN BALL Was born at Hebron, N. Y., Nov. 12, 1794. He had a common school and academical education, obtained by his own exertions. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1820. He studied law two years at Lansingburg, N. Y., and then went to Darien, Ga., where he taught school five years. He then returned to Lansingburg, N. Y., MICHIGAK BIOGRAPHY. 65 completed his law studies and was admitted to the bar in '1834. He continued in practice several years and then abandoned it to take charge of an oilcloth factory for his sister, and placed it in a flourish- ing condition. In 1833 he traveled across the continent, jwent to Fort Vancouver, and tought the first .school ever opened in Ore- gon. He returned via the Sandwich Islands and Cape Horn in 1833-4. In 1837 he settled at Grand Rapids, Michigan, and rep- resented eastern capitalists in locating lands. He also opened a law office and had as partners at various times, Hon. George Martin, formerly Chief Justice of Michigan, and Solomon L. Withey, late United States District Judge. From 1853 until the death of Mr. Ball, Feb. 5, 1884, he was the senior member of the firm of Ball & McKee. In 1838, as a Democrat, he was a Representative in the legislature from a district then comprising Clinton, lona, Kent and Ottawa counties. In 1843 he was appointed by Governor Barry, to select 300,000 of the 500,000 acres of , land granted to Michigan by congress for internal improvements. These were^ mainly selected about Grand Rapids, and were mostly taken up with internal improve- ment warrants, and as these warrants could be bought for about forty cents on the dollar, it resulted *in a speedy^ settlement of the Grand River Valley. Mr. Ball was largely, identified with Grand Rapids interests. He was interested in schools, geology, lyceums and all local enterprises. In politics he was a conservative Democrat. WILLIAM BALL, Rapresentative from Livingston county, Michigan, in 1865-7, 1881-3, was born in Cayuga couaty, N". Y., April 7, 1830. He came to Michigan with his parents in the year 1836, and settled on a farm in Webster, Washtenaw county, where he remained until 1858. He then removed to Hamburg, Livingston county, his present home. He received a collegiate education, spent several years in teaching, and has since been engaged in agricultural pursuits. He is, and has been for a number of years, extensively engaged in breeding Short-horn cattle, thorough-bred American Merino sheep, and^Poland China swine. He has been supervisor of the township of Hamburg. In the year 1864 he was elected a member of the Michigan House of Representatives, and was re-elected in 1866. He was county superintendent of schools in Livingston county when the law creating that office was repealed. He was elected a member of the House again in 1880, and was speaker pro tern. He has been a Republican since the formation of the party. Has been a trustee of the State Reform School, a member of the State and Central Michigan Agricultural societies, and is a leading exhibitor of stock at fairs. He has also been county superintendent of schools 66 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. WILLIAM H. BALLENTINE, Representative from the Third District of St. Clair county in 1881-3, was born in St. Andrews, New Brunswick, July 11, 1832. He received a common school education, and at sixteen years of age removed to Calais, Maine, where he became an apprentice to the hatter's trade. He lived in Calais until October, 1856, when he removed to Brockway, St. Clair county, Michigan. Having purchased a farm, he followed farming until the fall of 1864. He then engaged in mercantile busi- dess in the village of Brockway. As Republican candidate for the House of Representatives he received 1,684 votes and William O'Connor, Fusionist, 1,416. EDWARD C. BANCROFT, Representative from St. Clair county in 1845, was born in Westfield, Massachusetts, in 1808. Came to Detroit in 1835, and moved to St. Clair county in 1842. In later years was extensively identified with lake marine interests and lived in Detroit. Politically a Democrat. Merchant and vessel owner. Died at Syracuse, N. Y., in 1873. WM. L. BANCROFT Was born at Martinsburg, Lewis county, N. Y., August 12, 1825. His father removed to Michigan when he was seven years of age, and he received his education at Detroit in the high school kept by D. B. Crane. His father removed to Milwaukee, and in 1842 Mr. Bancroft was in the office of the Courier, a newspaper of that thriving village. In 1844 he returned to Michigan and became editor and proprietor of the Observer at Fort Huron, where he remained until 1848. He then studied law with Hon. W. F. Allen, of Oswego, N. Y., later judge of the court of appeals. He returned to Port Huron in 1851, and entered into a lucrative practice. This he was obliged to abandon in 1857 from an affection of the eyes, which threatened total blindness. He then established in Port Huron its first banking office, although his name did not appear in the firm of John Miller & Son, now merged in the First National Bank of that city. He also engaged in lum- bering. In 1859 he was Representative, and in 1865 Senator to the state legislature. He was secretary of the State Senate in 1849. He has been democratic nominee for congress and for Secretary of State. He was the first mayor of Port Huron, and has been postmaster of that city. For eight years he was collector of the port, and after many years was again appointed collector of the Port Huron District in 1885 but failed to be confirmed by the Senate. He has been a mem- MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 67 ber of both state and national democratic committees, and several times delegate to national conventions. He labored for many years to secure railroad connection between Port Huron and Chicago, and after every kind of opposition, in 1876 saw the final completion of the Chicago & Grand Trunk Railroad. He has always been a Democrat, is a fine writer, a good speaker, and of prepossessing personal appear- ance. DANIKL BARBER, Representative from Eaton county in 1840, was born in Benson, Ver- mont, in 1799. He was one of the original colony from that state that came to Michigan in 1836, and founded Vermontville, and he still resides there, hale and active. A farmer by occupation, a Re- publican in politics. HOMKR G. BARBER Was born in Benson, Rutland county, Vt., in 1830, and came with his parents to Vermontville, Michigan, in 1839. He was educated at the Vermontville Academy, and after serving one year as clerk in the postoffice at Kalamazoo, sailed around Cape Horn in 1850, engaged in mining in California for two years and was successful. He re- turned to Vermontville, and became a merchant and in 1871 engaged in banking. In 1871-2 he he was State Senator from Eaton and Barry counties. In 1861 he was appointed postmaster of Vermontville, and held that position eleven years. In politics a Republican. He is a man of liberal views in religion, and has a choice library. JULIUS S. BARBER • Was born in Rutland county, Vt., April 6, 1824. He removed with his father's family to Vermontville, Mich., in 1836. He received a fair education and became a teacher at the age of twenty-three. From 1847 to 1849 he clerked in a store at Whitehall, N . Y. In 1849 he went to California and was engaged as a farmer, miner and trader for five years. He then located at Cold water, where he engaged in mer- cantile business. He is a Republican in politics. He was alderman of Cold water four years; Representative in the legislature in 1867; member constitutional convention, 1867; was appointed by President Grant assessor of internal revenue for the second district, and held it until the office was abolished; two years commissioner of the State Public School; eight years postmaster of Cold water, where he still resides. 68 MlCHIGAlir BIOGEAPHY. JOHN BARBOUR, . Representative from Calhoua county in 1846, was born in Eaton, Madison county, N. Y., September 15, 1807. He settled at Monroe in 1837, removed to Battle Creek in 1841, and to Detroit in 1867, where he died October 17, 1867. By occupation a farmer; in politics, first a Democrat, then a Republican. JONATHAN S. BARCLAY, Representative from Saginaw county in 1855, was born in North- umberland county. Pa., August 18, 1807. He came to Michigan and settled at Albion in 18H5. He lived in Detroit from 1846 to 1849, when he removed to Lower Saginaw, now Bay City, where he was prominent in the business circles of that thriving city until age and infirmities unfitted him for the active duties of life. In business a millwright, politically a Democrat. Died August 4, 1887. leaving a widow, two sons and a daughter, all residing at Bay City. He was sheriff of Bay county in 1861-2. HIRAM H. BARDWELL, Representative from the Second District of Genesee county in 1885 and 1887, was born in the township of Burton, of that county, April 2, 1839. Spent his early years on a farm, received a good education, enlisted in Company K, 23d Regiment Michigan Volunteer Infantry. At the expiration of his term of service returned home and began the study of medicine, entering the medical department of the State University in 1865, remaining there until 1866, when he went to the Rush Medical College at Chicago, from whence he graduated in 1869, since which year he has been engaged in the practice of his profes- sion, having built up a large practice and gained a fine reputation as a physician and surgeon. Mr. Bardwell is also a practical farmer, and is the owner of a valuable farm of one hundred and twenty acres about one and a half miles east of the village of Mt. Morris, where he now resides. He has filled the office of township superin- tendent of schools, justice of the peace, president of the village two terms, councilman for five terms, and township and village health officer. He was elected as a Republican to the House of 1885-6 and reelected to the House of 1887-8 by a vote of 2,321 to 1,327 for Henry R. Bodine, and 419 for Andrew M. Felt, Prohibitionist. RICHARD P. BARKER, Representative from Berrien county in 1847, was born in New York city in September, 1805. He settled at Niles in 1838 and was a mer- chant. Politically a Democrat. Died in 1871. MICHIGAN^ BIOGRAPHY. 69 NATHAN BARLOW, Representative from Barry county in 1841 and 1848, was born in the state of Vermont, in 1785, came to Michigan in 1837, and settled in the township of Yankee Springs, Barry county. By occupation a merchant and farmer, in politics a Whig. He served as associate judge, and in company with his son, Nathan jr., erected a saw mill at the outlet of Barlow lake in 1840. Died at Hastings, in October, 1834.' NATHAN BARLOW, Jr., Representative from Barry county in 1850, was born in Canandaigua, N. Y., January 1, 1818. He left his home in New York and first went to St. Louis, Mo., but came to Barry county in 1840, and was one of the early pioneers— engaged in active business, built the first frame hotel in Hastings, was early in mercantile and milling busi- ness, which he followed until declining health compelled him to retire. Various county offices were filled by him, and he always filled the place to the 'satisfaction of the people. No man is more missed since his retirement from business and none is better known. Politically a Democrat. Still resides at Hastings. HORACE T. BARNABY, Representative from Gratiot county in 1869-70-71-72, was born at Angelica, N. Y. , April 26, 1823. By profession a clergyman, politi- cally a Republican. He was county clerk of Gratiot county in 1861- 2, and filled all town offices from constable to supervisor. Came to Hillsdale county in 1842, removed to Gratiot county in 1854, and to Gaines, Kent county, his present residence, in 1875. ELY BARNARD Was born in Madison county, N. Y., September 9, 1887. Came to Michigan in 1834 and settled on a farm in Genoa, Livingston county, where he died Sept. 9, 1871. He was a Democrat. He was a Repre- sentative in 1843-4, and a member of the constitutional convention in 1850. He was a good farmer, and held in high esteem. NEWELL BARNARD, Representative from the First District of Saginaw county in 1883, was born at Thornton, Grafton county. New Hampshire, March 19, 1825. The family removed to Oldtown, Maine, in September, 1830, 70 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. remaining there until 1853. Mr. Barnard was married at Boston, Mass., September 12, 1854, and soon after moved to Michigan, settling in Saginaw the following spring. On his arrival in Saginaw he com- menced the business of lumbering, handling about 15,000,000 feet of lumber annually. Being a man of superior organizing ability and executive force, he largely aided in the advancement which the lum- ber and salt interests of the state have reached. He was active in or- ganizing, and he was president of the second salt manufacturing com- pany on Saginaw river, which commenced operations in 1861. In 1872 the firm of Barnard & Binder built the iron front block, corner of Franklin and Hamilton streets, Saginaw, one of the finest business blocks in the Saginaw valley. Mr. Barnard was one of the most act- ive ajid influential in securing the building of the J., L. & S. R. R. to and through Saginaw; was one of the directors and one of the executive committee of the Saginaw Valley & St. Louis R. R. Com- pany, and foremost in aiding every church and public improvement. He was one of the first to recognize the practicability of utilizing^he farm districts in the vicinity of lumber operations, by starting many years since a six hundred acre farm, and which has proved entirely successful. In politics a Republican, and was elected by about 275 majority in a strong democratic district. Deceased. ELEAZA.R BVRNES, Representative from Monroe county in 1851, was born in Pittsford, Vt., June 10, 1807. By occupation a farmer, politically a Republican. Came to Michigan in 1833, and resides in London, Monroe county. Has held the office of supervisor several times from 1838 to 1865. HENRY BARNES, State Senator from the Second District, comprising a portion of the city of Detroit and Wayne county, session 1859, was a native of England, born in 1816. He was a printer by trade, and came to this country at quite an early age. In the early days of the state he pub- lished a paper for a time at Niles. He was associated with the publication of the Detroit Free Press in 1837, and subsequently with some minor publications in Detroit. His principal newspaper venture, however, was as one of the originators of the Detroit Tribune in 1849, with which he remained connected under various auspices until about 1863. He was clerk of the House of Representatives under the first republican Ascendancy in 1855. Under authority of the secre- tary of war in 1862, he recruited the first regiment of colored troops mustered into the service of the United States. In 1866 he was ap- MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 71 pointed by President Johnson postmaster at Detroit, and served for some time, but the refusal of the Senate to confirm his appointment (by reason of its disagreement with the president), threw him out of this position. He was subsequently appointed and served as pension agent at Detroit, 1867-9. He died in 1871. Previous to his death he was interested in brick manufacturing. Mr. Barnes was a man of aspiring ambition, not so much from a desire for power as from an im- pulse to be striving for something. He was a man of pronounced opinions, earnest and emphatic. Both in business and politics, he was more earnest than successful, and his ambitions being greater than his means to achieve, he worked continually at a disadvantage, which may suggest an explanation of the manner of his death. He was Whig and Republican in politics, although sympathizing with the Johnson defection, as implied by official positions mentioned foregoing. ORLANDO M. BARNES, Son of John and Anna Barnes, was born at Cato, N. Y., November 21, 1824, and is a descendant of John Barnes, one of the early pil- grims. His parents removed to Aurelius, Ingham county, Mich., in 1837, where he was brought up upon a farm. He received a fine education, and was a graduate of the University of Michigan in 1850. He studied law and settled down to the practice at Mason. He soon stood among the leaders of the bar in central Michigan. In 1853 he was appointed prosecuting attorney to fill a vacancy, and in 1854 was elected to that office. He continued in practice with great success until 1867, when he became secretary of the Jackson, Lansing & Saginaw Railroad Company and its general counsel and attorney. He was general manager of the road from 1869 to 1871, when it was leased to the Michigan Central. He has since been the land commissioner of the J., L. & S. and had charge of the large land grant received from congress to aid in building the road. He was elected Representative to the legislature of 1863-4. In 1877 he was elected mayor of Lansing, and in 1878 was the democratic candidate for governor. He served as chairman of the democratic state central committee from 1880 to 1884, and was a delegate to the democratic national convention in 1880 and 1884. He has always been a Democrat. In religion a Pres. byterian. In 1853 he married Amanda W. Fleming, and has two sons and a daughter. He has accumulated a fine fortune, and is pres- ident of the Lansing National Bank and the Lansing Gas Company. ORSAMUS S. BARNES, Representative from Eaton county in 1879, was born in Broome county, N. Y., Aug. 7, 1830. In 1839 he removed to Oberlin, Ohio. 72 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. In 1846 he removed to Wisconsin. He enlisted in the Mexican war Aug. 16, 1847. Keturning at the close of the war, he spent the next seven years in Wisconsin, attending scliool, teaching and working in wagon shops. He received a common school education, and in 1855 returned to Oberlin, Ohio, where he married and removed to Lena wee county, Mich. , and from thence to Eaton county, in 1863. He is a farmer and minister by occupation. He has held nearly every town office from constable to supervisor. In politics a Republican. HIRAM BARRITT, Representative from Oakland county in 1846, was born m Alford, Berkshire county, Mass., February 10, 1799. By occupation a farmer and surveyor, in politics a. Democrat. He settled in Commerce, Oak- land county, in 1833, and built the first frame house, and the first frame school-house, in that township. He was supervisor several terms, justice many years, town clerk and served as county surveyor. He removed to Ovid in 1864, and later resided at Muskegon, where he died April 5, 1878. A man of excellent character and highly respected. JOHN E. BARRINGER, Senator from the Fifteenth District in 1887, comprising the counties of Macomb and St. Clair, was born in Bristol, Ontario county, New York, July 16, 1841. He received a common school education in the district schools of his native township and at the academy of Canan- daigua, New York. His early life (when he was not in school) was passed upon a farm until he was eighteen years of age, when he com- menced teaching in the public schools. In the mean time he studied medicine and attended the medical department of the Michigan Uni- versity. In the fall of 1863 he located at Armada, Macomb county, and commenced the practice of medicine, which he followed with success until the spring of 1878, when, on account of ill health, he was obliged to give up practice. He has been more or less identified with public affairs of his township and county and held several official positions. Was president of his village two terms, director of the union school for many years, township treasurer two terms, and treasurer of Macomb county two terms. He was one of the charter members of the Armada Agricultural Society, was its secretary for twelve years, and at present is its president. He is a farmer, owning a fine farm in Armada township, over which he has personal super- vision. In politics he has always been a Democrat, but has never sought the nomination to any office. He was elected to the Senate MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 73 of 1887-8 by a vote of 7,395 to 6,505 for Robert McKay, Republican, and 731 for liewis Granger, Prohibitionist. JOHN STEWART BARRY Was bom at Amherst, N. H. , January 29, 1802. His parents, John and Ellen (Stewart) Barry, early removed to Rockingham, Vt., where he remained until of age, working on his fathers' farm, and pursuing his studies at the same time. He married Mary Kidder, of Grafton, Vt. , and in 1824 went to Georgia, V t. , where he had charge of an academy for two years, meanwhile studying law. He afterwards practiced in that state. He was also a member of the governor's staff with the title of governor's aid, and was also captain in the state militia. He removed to Michigan in 1831 and Fettled at White Pigeon, where he engaged in mercantile business with I. W. Willard. In 1834 he removed to Constantine and engaged in mercantile business. He was justice of the peace from 1831 to 1835. He was elected State Senator in 1835-6-7-8 and 1841, and president pro tern, in 1835-6-8. He was also a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1835 from the Thirteenth District, comprising St. Joseph county. In 1841 he was elected Governor by the Democrats, receiving a large majority over Philo C. Fuller, the Whig candidate. At this time the state indebtedness was very large, amounting to over six and a quarter millions. Most of it was incurred in the attempt to build canals and railroads. Over two millions was due from parties who had contracted to buy state bonds, but who had obtained the bonds without paying for them. On his recommendation, provision was made for the payment of all indebtedness for which the state had received money, and notice was given to parties who had defrauded the state, that the state would not pay debts for which no value had been received. The charters of suspended banks were repealed, and the currency was restored to a specie basis. In 1843 he was again elected governor, and before the close of his term recommended the sale of the Michigan Central & Southern Rail- roads, which sale was made in 1846, The constitution did not permit a governor to hold but two successive terms, and it was not until 1849 that he was again elected governor over J'lavius J. Littlejohn, being the only governor who has served three terms in Michigan. He continued in office until 1852. He was a man of incorruptible integrity, tenacious in his opinions, after thorough investigation. He was not a brilliant speaker, but was versed in ancient and modern languages, and thoroughly posted 10 74 MICHIGAN BIOGKAPHY. in historical matters. After his retirement to private life in 1852, he held no public office, but continued his mercantile business at Con- Btantine until his death, which occurred January 14, 1870. His wife had died in 1869, and as they had no children, the large property went to relatives. He was always a Democrat of the old Jeffersonian school. THOMAS B. BARRY, Representative from the Second District of Saginaw county in 1885, was born at Cohoes, Albany county, New York, July 17, 1852, of Irish parentage. At an early age he entered the employ of J. H. Parsons & Co., manufacturers of knitting goods, in his native city, in whose employ he remained until he went to learn the trade of ax-making. He afterwards worked at his trade in Pennsylvania, and Ontario, where he married Miss Maggie Delaney, daughter of a respected farmer, of Copetown, Ontario. He moved from the latter place to Cleveland, Ohio, where he lived a number of years. Moving with his family to east Saginaw in October, 1882, he entered the employ of the " Michigan Ax and Tool Co." He entered the political arena as the candidate of the labor party, afterwards receiving the nomina. tion of the greenback and democratic conventions, and was elected by a vote of 2,390 to 2,337 for E. R. Phinney, Republican, and 86 for James W. Twaits, Prohibitionist. He is now a prominent officer of the board who control the Knights of Labor. IRA H. BARTHOLOMEW, Representative from Ingham county in 1873-4, was born in the town of Waddidgton, St. Lawrence county, N. Y., Jan. 4, 1828. He re- ceived his education in the common schools of his town and the acad- emies at Canton and Ogdensburg. He commenced the study of medicine in the latter village, and graduated in the college of medi- cine and surgery of the University of Michigan, in the spring of 1853. He commenced the practice of his profession in his native town, but in the fall of 1854 removed to Lansing, Michigan, where he has since resided, and where he still continues the practice of his profession. In 1863 he was elected mayor of the city of Lansing, and was twice re-elected, an honor which so far no one shares with him. He was president of the state medical society in 1870-1, and has been physi- cian to the Reform School. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 75 WALLACE R. BARTLETT, Representative from Tuscola county in 1857, was born in Greens- burgh, Trumbull county, Ohio, July 10, 1838. He came to Tuscola county, Michigan, in 1855; established the Tuscola County Pioneer in 1857; was in the mercantile business at Vassar; also postmaster there under Lincoln; held various town and county offices; removed to Omaha in 1866; was member of the Nebraska legislature in 1872 and 1874; deputy collector of internal revenue at Omaha for five years; removed to St. Paul, Minn., in 1883; now the head of the firm of Bartlett, Ridgway & Co., real estate brokers at Minneapolis; resides at Merriam Park; politically, a Republican. WALTER W. BARTON, Representative in 1881-3 and Senator in 1887 from the Twenty-ninth District, comprising the counties of Antrim, Charlevoix, Grand Trav- erse, Leelanaw, and Manitou, was born in Wyoming county, N. Y., June 33, 1834. When two years old he removed with his parents to the village of Tonawanda, Erie county, where he remained until 1853. Here he received a common school education. In the fall of 1853 he removed to St. Loiiis, Mo., and engaged in the construction of railroads and continued in that business in and about that city until the spring of 1858, when he went to Northport, Leelanaw county, Mich. There he engaged in the wooding of lake steamers and selling goods until the spring of 1863, when he removed to the village of Leland, Leelanaw county, where he has since resided. He is now engaged in the drug business and the cultivation of cranberries. He has been supervisor of Leland twice, justice of the peace eight years, and postmaster five years. He was elected Senator on the Republican ticket for 1887-8 by the following vote: 3,634 against 3,783 for Walter S. Johnson, Democrat, and 304 for Shubael P. Hewett, Prohibitionist. JOHN BAHTON, Senator from Genesee county in 1838, was by profession a lawyer; in politics a Democrat. He removed to Washington, D. C, and died while in the public service. He was a man of fine talent, and would have become a leading man except for his love of drink. In spite of that he was held in high regard by those who knew him. MOSES BARTOW Was born in Niagara county, N. Y., June 10, 1833, and received his education at Youngstown Academy. He removed to Michigan, in 76 MICHIGAN BIOGKAPHY. 1831 and first lived at Lyon, Oakland county, but settled at West- phalia, Clinton county, in 1841. He was supervisor of that town eighteen years, justice of the peace thirty years, and two years cir- cuit court commissioner. By profession a lawyer, in politics a Demo- crat. He was Representative in the legislature of 1865 and 1875. ALFRED G. BATES, Representative from Monroe county in 1853, was a farmer, and sheriff of Monroe county for a number of years. ERASTU8 N. BATES, Representative from the Second District of Allegan county in 1885 and 1887, was born in Chester, Geauga county, Ohio, March 1, 1845. His parents moved to Fulton county in 1853, thence to Michigan in 1855, since which time he has resided in this state. Owing to his father's blindness he is acquainted with the severest rigors connected with early pioneer life. Was married to Flora I. Gilbert when twen- ty-six years old. His wife was the daughter of Bradley Gilbert, one of the earliest settlers, and one of the most successful farmers in the township of Dorr, Allegan county, where they all now reside. Mr. Bates is a farmer; his father is blind, and with a large family, who have had to encounter the privations incident to pioneer life. Two brothers were in the service. E. N. Bates enlisted in his eighteenth year, 1864, and served until the close of the war in Co. C, 21st Regi- ment, Michigan Volunteer Infantry; was then transferred to the 14th Infantry, and honorably discharged in August, 1865; was with Sher- man in his march through Georgia, in the engagements around Savannah and at the grand review in Washington. He bought his first piece of land in Dorr, and has added to it from time to time until he now controls between 300 and 400 acres of splendid farming land. He has been elected superintendent of schools once on the republican ticket in a strong democratic township, and supervisor four feucces- eive terms, which last office he held at the time of his election to the legislature of 1885. Mr. Bates was educated in the common schools, and taught for nearly ten "years. He was elected as a Republican to the House of Representatives for 1885-6, was re-elected to the House of 1887-8 by a vote of 1,716 to 1,252 for Antone Webber, Fusionist, and 281 for Abel Angel, Prohibitionist. He was elected speaker pro tern. MICHIGAN- BIOGKAPHY. 77 FREDERICK BATES Was born in Belmont, Virginia, June 23, 1777, and died August 21, 1835. He was the son of a Quaker, Thomas Fleming Bates, and one of seven sons and five daughters. He was well taught in the rudi- ments and disciplined to study and work by his father, and at the age of sixteen vras apprenticed to a court clerk to study law and do sufficient work for self-support. In 1795 he obtained employment in the quartermaster's department of the army of the northeast and left home for the frontier, Detroit being his home, often visiting Mackinaw and other outposts. In a few years he made a little capital, and went into trade as a storekeeper in Detroit, studying law in spare hours. At that time Jefferson was President and Madison was Sec- retary of State, both friends of his father's family, and he was ap- pointed territorial judge and a land commissioner. He held that position only a short time. On a .visit to Washington to make a report as land commissioner, he was appointed, against his wish, secretary of the territory of Louisiana and U. S. reporter of land titles, and located at St. Louis. He held the office of secretary until Missouri became a state in 1830. The other office was held by him until 1824, when he was elected the second governor of Missouri. He died while in office, leaving a widow and several children, and a reputation without a stain. Edward Bates, secretary of the interior, under Lincoln, was a younger brother. GEORGE C. BATES, United States District Attorney for Michigan from 1841 to 1845, and from 1849 to 1853, was born in Canandaigua, New York. He received an academic education, entered Hobart College at Geneva, N. Y., and graduated in 1831. In 1833 he commenced the study of law in the office of John C. Spencer, at Canandaigua. Among his fellow students was Stephen A. Douglas, of whom he was always a warm personal friend. In 1833 he came to Michigan and studied for a time at Monroe and Detroit, and was admitted to the bar of Detroit in 1834. He practiced law until 1841, when he was appointed United States District Attorney by President Harrison. After successfully filling that office until 1845, he resumed practice which was very lucrative for several years. He was the Whig candidate for congress from the First District in 1848, but was defeated by A. W. Buell. After again filling the position of district attorney from 1849 to 1852, he resigned and went into practice in California, where he re- mained until 1856, having a large and remunerative practice. He 78 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. was in practice in Chicago from 1861 to 1871 when he became dis- trict attorney in Utah, which he held for less than two years. He then became attorney of the Mormon church which he held several years. He returned to Detroit in 1877 to practice his profession. He then went to Leadville and was there in practice some years, then removed to Denver, where he died. He was a leading Whig, then a Republican. As a stump political speaker he had no superior in his day. In eloquence, wit, humor, and all the graces of speech and per- son, he had no superior, and from 1840 to 1860 he was known through- out the West and on the Pacific coast, and was always welcome at great party demonstrations. MORGAN BATES Was born near Glens Falls, New York, July 12, 1806. When young he was apprenticed as a printer at Sandy Hill, N. Y. He worked as a journeyman printer at Albany, and other places. In 1826 he pub- lished the Warren Gazette, at Warren, Pa , and Horace Greeley worked for him as a journeyman printer, and the friendship thus formed was lasting. In 1 828 he took charge of the Chatauqua Re- publican, at Jamestown, N. Y. In 1830 he went to New York city and planned the New Yorker, published by Greeley and McElrath. In 1833 he was foreman in the office of the Detroit Advertiser, with George Dawson. He bought that paper in 1839, and published it until 1844 as a Whig paper. Between 1849 and 1856 he made two trips to California via Cape Horn, and started the Alta California at San Francisco, the first daily west of the Rocky Mountains. In 1856 he bceame a clerk in the office of the Auditor General at Lansing, where he remained until 1858. He then removed to Traverse City and started the Grand Trave rse Herald, which he published for sixteen years. He was treasurer of Grand Traverse county for eight years, register of the United States land office at Traverse City from the inauguration of Lincoln, except a short interval under Johnson, until his death in 1874. In 186 S he was elected lieutenant governor of Michigan and was re-elected in 1870. He died March 2, 1874. He was a man of originality, wit and shrewdness, and his quaintremarks were greatly relished by those who best knew him. He was first a Whig, then a Republican, and always an intense anti-slavery man. Kind to the poor, of earnest sympathy, decisive in speech, he will be long remembered. WILLIAM R. BATES, Representative from Bay county in 1871, was born at Cazenovia, N. Y., June 28, 1845. He was appointed register U. S. land office at I MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 79 East Saginaw in 1871. He resigned in 1876, and served as special agent of the U. S. pension bureau until 1879 when he resigned. He was secretary of the republican state central committee in 1880 and 1886, and now holds that position. In 1881 was appointed special agent of the treasury department, but was removed in 1885. By profession a lawyer; resides at Flint. WILLIAM G. BAUMGARDNEK, Representative from Manistee county in 1887, was born in Centre county, Pennsylvania, April 3, 1850; has been a resident of Michigan eight years; is by occupation a saw-filer and millwright. Mr. Baum- gardner has held the office of township clerk and school director. He was elected on the Greenback- Labor ticket by a vote of 1,069 to 878 for Robert R. Blacker, Democrat, 202 for Bodwell, Prohibitionist, and 1,018 for Dunke, Republican. BENJAMIN L. BAXTER Was born at Sidney Plains, Delaware county, N. Y., April 7, 1815. He came to Tecumseh in 1831 with his father, Hon. Levi Baxter, tie received a good education and was three year* in college at Dart- mouth, N. H. In 1843 he took charge of the Tecumseh branch of the University of Michigan for three years, and at the same time studied law with Hon. Perley Bills, and became his law partner for twenty-five years. He was regent of the State University from 1858 to 1864, and was Representative in the legislature of 1869 and 1870. He still resides at Tecumseh, and is one of the most genial and com- panionable men in the state. In politics a Republican. LEVI BAXTER Was born at East Windsor, Conn., October 5, 1788, and was the son of Levi Baxter, a captain in the revolution. When a boy he removed with his father to western New York, where he was engaged in farming, lumbering and merchandise at Sidney Plains. He settled at Tecum- seh, Mich., in 1831, and built the " Red Mills," the first of any size west of Monroe, settlers coming fifty miles to this mill. Governor Cass made him chief justice of the Lenawee county court, hence the title of judge. He. built a mill at Jones ville in i834, the first west of Tecumseh. He removed to White Pigeon in 1836 and built large 80 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. mills. In 1840 he made large additions to his mills at Jonesville. In 1848 he made Jonesville his home. He was a Whig, then a Free Soiler in 1848, and was elected Senator to the legislature of 1849 and 1850 by a coalition of Whigs and Free Soilers. Through his in- fluence Jonesville was made a point on the Michigan Southern Kail- road. He was a member of the Presbyterian church and an elder. He died at Jonesville in 1862. WITTER J. BAXTER Was born at Sidney Plains, Delaware county, N. Y., June 18, 1816, and was the son of Levi and Lois (Johnston) Baxter. His grandfather, Levi Baxter, was a Captain in the Revolution, and his maternal grand- father was Colonel Witter Johnston, a Colonel in the Revolution. Mr. Baxter came with his father to Tecumseh in 1831, remaining there until 1836, then removing to White Pigeon until 1848, when he came to Jonesville. He received a common school and academical educa- tion at the State University branches at Tecumseh, White Pigeon and Detroit, and received the honorary degree of A. M. from the Univer- sity. In 1836 he commenced teaching and continued in that profes- sion until 1'541, when he studied law in Detroit, was admitted in 1844 and practiced until 1848, in partnership with Andrew Hervie, of Detroit, when he removed to Jonesville and became a partner of W. W. Murphy, of tha firm of Murphy & Baxter, which continued until 1874. After that time he practiced alone. While in Detroit he was director and president of the Young Men's Society. He was also a member of the firm of Grosvenor & Co., bankers, and a member of the Jonesville school board for twenty-six years; supervisor and pres- ident of the board; a member of the state board of education for over a quarter of a century; president of the state agricultural society and member of the executive board; an active Odd Fellow and Mason, in the first holding high offices." He always took an active interest in the state pioneer society, was its president and a member of the his- torical committee for many years. He was also president of the county pioneer society. He was State Senator in 1877. For several years prior to 1886 he was secretary of the state board of charities, and an efficient officer. From the age of fifteen he was a member of the Presbyterian church and the greater part of the time Sunday- school superintendent. He was first a Whig, but a Republican after 1854. He died suddenly February 6, 1888. I MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 81 JAMES BAYLEY, Representative from Oakland county in 1865, was born in Scipio, New York, July 1, 1802, and died at Birmingham, Mich., May 1, 1867. As a boy, he was engaged in harness making, and when older in the tanner and currier's trade. In 1825 he settled on a farm in Troy, Oakland county. In 1830 he went to Detroit and had charge of a tannery for some years. He was supervisor in 1849, and farm super- ntendent at the Agricultural College from 1860 to 1863. He was president of the Oakland county and state agricultural societies, and stood high in the estimation of the farmers of Michigan. JOSEPH P. BEACH, Representative from Calhoun county in 1865, was born in Jay, Essex county, N. Y., May 21, 1832. He settled in Penfield in 1836, as a farmer, and was supervisor and held other township ofifices. He now resides at Battle Creek, and is not engaged in business. Politically, a Republican. NOAH BEACH, Democratic Representative from the Saginavr District in 1843-4, and Senator from the senatorial district comprising the counties of Oak- land, Lapeer, Genesee, Shiawassee and Saginaw, in 1850-51, was born at Whiting, Vt., October 17, 1788. When young- he moved with his parents to central New York, where he spent his early boyhood until 1798, when the family moved to Lewiston, Niagara county, N. Y., where young Beach witnessed the border trouble growing out of the war of 1812. On reaching manhood he became an active participant in the struggle, and as a reward of merit for services rendered, was ap- pointed captain. Being a prominent Mason in the Morgan excite- ment, he becameinvolved in the anti-Masonic complication to the ex- tent, in the prosecution, of the loss of a good deal of property. While living at Lewiston he returned to Vermont, and married Eunice Cooley, of Rutland county. His father and mother died at Lewiston. In 1838 with his family, a wife and six children, he moved to Mich- igan, settling on a farm in Springfield, Oakland county, where he resided two years, filling the office of justice of the peace. In February, 1841, he moved to Bridgeport, Saginaw county, and from a heavy forest, improved the farm upon which he died. By force of character he held some offices, but his main occupation was that of a farmer. He was supervisor and justice of the peace in Bridgeport several years 82 MICHIGAN^ BIOGRAPHY. and postmaster for fifteen years. He was a man of practical common sense and abundant energy, and demonstrated by his many acts of charity, hospitality and kindness, the precepts of Christianity. These traits of character were recognized by all, and many impoverished and needy pioneers received and enjoyed his limited means, kind ministra- tion, counsel and advice. He died at Bridgeport, on the 23d day of May, 1866. HIRAM J. BEAKES, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1863-4, was born at Middletown, N. Y., in 1837. He received his education there, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1851. The same year he settled in Ann Arbor, and commenced the practice of law. He was circuit court commissioner from 1855 to 1857, and judge of probate from 1875 to 1883. Of late years he has been a member of the law firm of Beakes & Cutcheon of Detroit. Still resides at Ann Arbor. ISAAC D. BEAL Was born at Clarendon, Rutland county, Vt., May 21, 1812, and died at Sherwood, Michigan, Sept. 3, 1880. He married in 1837 and moved to Sherwood the same year, locating on a farm where he lived until his death. He was for twelve years supervisor of the township and was justice of the peace five terms. He was a Representative in the legislature from the third district of Branch county in 1867, 1869 and 1870. He had some knowledge of medicine and was often called upon to prescribe in cases of sickness. His benevolence, kindness, good will and ripe judgment endeared him to all with whom he came in contact. ^ In politics a Republican. FERNANDO C. BEAMAN Was born at Chester, Vt., June 28, 1814. His ancestors were early settlers in Massachusetts, Gamaliel Beaman having been an original founder of Lancaster. He was the twelfth of a family of fourteen children, thirteen of whom lived to maturity. His father was a farm- er. In 1819 the family removed to Franklin, N. Y., where the parents died in 1834. At sixteen, Mr. Beaman began life as a teacher and taught seven wint<»rs and three summers, and in that time fitted himself for college at the Malone Academy. In 1837 he studied law for one year in Rochester, and in 1838 emigrated to Michigan, MICHIGAN BIOGEAPHY. 83 and was admitted to the Lenawee county bar in 1839. He practiced in Manchester, Tecumseh and Clinton and in 1843, having been ap- pointed prosecuting attorney, he removed to Adrian, and held that office for six years. He was for a time associated with Judge Tiffany, and afterwards with Judge T. M. Cooley and R. R. Beecher in the firm of Beaman, Beecher & Cooley, which had a large practice. At this time Mr. Beaman was attorney of the city of Adrian. He was a warm Democrat until 1848, when he joined the Free-soil party, and stumped Lenawee county for Van Buren and Adams. In 1854 he was one of the leaders in the organization of the republi- can party and was vice president of the great convention at Jackson. He was a delegate to the first national republican con- vention at Pittsburg in 1856. He took an active part in that cam- paign. In 1856 he was elected mayor of Adrian, and was one of the presidential electors of that year, and was also elected judge of pro- bate. In 1860 he was elected to congress and was re-elected four times, serving from 1861 to 1871. He was an able member and his speech on reconstruction received warm commendation from such men as Sumner, Stevens and Chase. In 1871 he was again appointed judge of probate to fill a vacancy, and was elected to that office in 1872 and 1876. In May, 1841, he married Mary Goodrich. On the death of Senator Chandler he was appointed by Governor Croswell to fill the vacancy, but he declined on account of ill health, and Governor Baldwin re- ceived the appointment. Judge Beaman was a high-minded, honor- able man and politician, and always was held in great esteem by men of all parties. He had a logical mind, was a clear reasoner, hated shams and falsehoods and had a lofty sense of rectitude and honor. Deceased. GEORGE K. BEAMER, Representative session of 1861-3, was born October 26, 1816, in Niag- ara county, N. Y. He first came to Michigan in 1835 and returned. He settled in Barry county in 1846. A farmer by occupation, politi- cally a Republican. As a member, he presented the bill providing for a record of the soldiers of Michigan, subsequently compiled by Adjutant General Robertson. He now resides at Hastings. ADAM BEATTIE, Senator from Clinton and Ingham counties in 1873-4, was born No- vember 26, 1834, in Seneca, Ontario county, N. Y. He received an 84 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. academic education at the Canandaigua Academy, N. Y. In 1866 he emigrated to Michigan and settled in the village of Ovid, Clinton county, where he now resides. In 1862 he enlisted in the Twenty- sixth New York Independent Battery, and served in the department of the Gulf and Southwest under Butler, Banks, Can by and Sheridan. Mr. Seattle's occupation is that of general merchant. In politics a Republican. LOUIS BEAUFAIT Held a prominent position in the public councils of Detroit and of the state for over fifty years. He was of French extraction, his father, it is believed, having emigrated here contemporaneously with Cadil- lac. The best data fixes the time of his birth about 1760. He was born in the township of Hamtramck, on theBeaufait farm, on which the old house built by his father is still standing on the bank of the Detroit river. His early education was such as the frontier settle- ment afforded, and he spent some time as an Indian trader, was pro- ficient in the Indian tongue, and was employed on many occasions as an ofiicial interpreter. The name of Louis Beaufait occurs as early as 1788, and from that time to the close of the century, as presiding justice of the common pleas court, but whether this was the father or the son spoken of, is uncertain. The son, however, was captain of a company of militia in the war of 1812, and subsequently was ap- pointed a colonel of militia by General Cass. His civil service com- prised many local positions of trust, and he was a member of the constitutional convention of 1835, and the first convention of assent in 1836, and was a Kepresentative in the legislature in 1838-9, and a presidential elector in 1844. He died in 1854. Politics, democratic. A son, Louis Beaufait, still lives at an advanced age on the home- stead where his father was born. JEFFERSON H. BECKWITH, Senator from Ionia county in 1855, was born in Ontario county, New York, in 1813. He studied law at Ellicottville, N. Y., and was ad- mitted to the New York bar. Came to Michigan in 1830 and settled near Ann Arbor, and removed from there to East Plains, Ionia county, now part of the town of Lyons, where he resided until his death in 1865. He was postmaster at Pitt, Mich., and for several terms super- visor of the town of Lyons. He became a farmer, and was a Repub- lican in politics. He was a positive man, tenacious of his opinions MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 85 and always ready to defend them. He was respected for his honesty, and his word was as good as his note. He left a fine property, but was never married. JACOB BEDTELYON, Representative from Genesee county in 1879, was bom in Erie county. New York, July 11, 1836. He there received a liberal education, and in the spring of 1854, then seventeen years of age, removed with his parents to Atlas, Genesee county, Mich. At the commencement of the rebellion he enlisted as a private in the Fourth Michigan Cavalry, Company K. Soon after the battle of Stone River, he was commis- sioned as captain, and placed in command of the company; but was compelled to resign on account of ill health in January, 1865, just before the close of the war. He has held various township oflSlces, and was supervisor for five years. Republican in politics. JOSEPH E. BEEBE Was born at Sand Lake, N. Y., February 18, 1810. He removed from Whitestown, N. Y., to Jackson, Mich., in 1842. He was by trade a wagon maker, and commenced their manufacture on a State prison contract, and continued in that business for nine years, the " Beebe wagon" becoming well known throughout the West. In 1855 he was Representative, and in 1857-8 State Senator. In 1860 he was elected judge of probate of Jackson county and served from 1861 to 1865. He held all these positions as Republican. He was an active member of the Congregational church, and was of great value to moral and religious enterprises in the early days of Jackson. He died March 15, 1872. URIAH BEEBE, Representative from Oakland county in 1859, was born in Poultney, Vt., April 3, 1812. A farmer by occupation, Republican in politics. Came to Michigan in 1845, and settled on wild land in the township of Oakland, Oakland county. A man of sterling integrity, temper- ate, charitable, and in religion a free thinker. Died May 7, 1865. CHARLES N. BEECH ER Was born in Livonia, Livingston county, N. Y., May 7, 1806. By occupation a farmer; m politics, first a Whig, then a Republican. He 11 86 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. came to Michigan in May, 1836, and settled on a farm in the town of Genesee, Genesee county, where he lived uutil 1854, when he removed to Flint, and there died November 8, 1864. He was postmaster seven- teen years; nine successive years supervisor; two years county com- missioner; associate county judge, and Representative in the legisla- ture in 1851 and 1857. NORMAN A. BEECHER, Representative from the First District of Genesee county, Mich., in 1885 and lb87, was born April 22, 1830, in Rensselaerville, Albany county, N. Y.; moved with his parents to Oswego, Tioga county, when he was four years old. Was brought up on a farm and received a common school and academic education. At the age of twenty-one removed to Orleans county, N. Y. Was married September 19, 1855, and moved to Michigan the fall of 1857, and settled on his farm in the township of Clayton, spring of 1858. Is a farmer and fruit- grower. The better instincts of his nature tended strongly to the interests of education. Was very successful as a teacher, having taught some twelve years. Has held the office of superintendent of schools for years, and been elected to other township offices. Mr. Beecher was reared a Democrat and voted for James Buchanan. In 1860 he voted for Abraham Lincoln and has been a staunch Republi- can ever since. He was elected Representative of the First District of Genesee county on the Republican ticket for 1885-6 and reelected for 1887-8 by a vote of 2,541 to 1,978 for Wilfred M. Kellogg on the Prohibition and Fusion tickets combined. ROBERT R. BEECHER, Representative from Lenawee county in 1855, was a leading lawyer at Adrian, and was a law partner of Judge Cooley and of Hon. F. C. Beeman. He was a leading Republican in the early history of the party. He was a good lawyer, and was honored with various county offices. He held the office of judge of probate from 1861 until his death in 1871. He died in the prime of manhood. BENJAMIN F. BEEKMAN, Representative from the Second District of Eaton county in 1885, was born at Chester, Eaton county, in 1848, where he still resides, engaged in the pursuit of his chosen vocation as a farmer. He has heretofore held the offices of township superintendent of schools and supervisor. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 87 He was elected as a Republican, receiving 2,037 votes to 1,593 votes for Edwin R. Martin, I'usionist; 167 for W. Parmenter, Prohibition- ist, and 1 scattering. PHILO BEERS Was born in Ithaca, N. Y., February 8, 1801. He settled as a farmer in the township of Courtland, Kent county, Michigan, in 1840. Politi- cally a Democrat. He was supervisor of Courtland for twelve years, and was postmaster eight years, and was Representative from Kent county in 1850, and from Grand Traverse county in 1859. He was Deputy United States Marshal under Buchanan for four years and keeper of the Traverse light-house four years. Died at Charle- voix, April 3, 1873. A Mason for fifty years. JACOB BEESON Was born in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, September 7, 1807, and died at Detroit, Michigan, April 19, 1885. His early youth was spent with an uncle in Hardy county, Virginia, and in early manhood he was engaged in mercantile business with the same uncle in Georgia and New Orleans. In 1829 he journeyed on horseback from his native town to Michigan, purchased a business site at Niles, and returned to Pennsylvania. In 1830, with his mother and three brothers, he came back to Niles and settled permanently, establishing himself in the mercantile business in which he was successful, and also engaging in the forwarding and commission business, and established a line of boats on the St. Joseph river. He was a paymaster in the Black Hawk war, from which he derived the title of Colonel. He aided in organizing the State government and was a warm supporter of Gov. Mason. He was a member of the democratic national committee in 1856, and was appointed receiver of the land office at Detroit in 1857, when he removed to that city. He was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1867. In 1876 and 1877 he was president of the Detroit Board of Trade. He was president and principal stockholder of the Merchants' Bank of Detroit, and director in other banks. He was a man of great energy and rare business tact. In politics a Democrat. JESSE G;. BEESON Was born December 10, 1807, in Wayne county, Indiana, where his parents, natives of North Carolina, settled at an early day. In 1830 88 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. he made a trip to southwestern Michigan, and in 1833 settled in La Grange, Cass county. He was a successful farmer, widely known and universally respected. In politics a Republican. He was State Senator in the legislature of 1853. Died February 19, 1888. WILLIAM B. BEESON Was born in Union town, Fayette county, Pennsylvania, in 1809. He moved to Niles, Michigan, in 1831, and became one of the leading men of Michigan. He was elected to various minor offices, and in 1841 became president of the village of Niles. In 1858 he was nomi- nated on the democratic ticket and elected Representative to the legislature of 1859, from Berrien county. He died at Niles in Decem- ber, 1872. JOSIAH W. BEGOLE Was born in Livingston county, N. Y., January 20, 1815. His ances- tors were of French descent, and settled at an early period in the state of Maryland. His grandfather, Capt. Bolles, of that state, was an officer in the American army during the war of the Revolution. About the beginning of the present century both his grandparents, having become dissatisfied with the institution of slavery, although slaveholders themselves, emigrated to Livingston county, N. Y., then a new country, taking with them a number of their former slaves, who volunteered to accompany them. His father was an officer in the American army, and served during the war of 1812. He received his early education in a log school-house, and subse- quently attended the Temple Hill Academy at Geneseo, N. Y. Being the eldest of a family of ten children, he was early taught habits of industry, and when twenty-one years of age he left the parental roof to seek a home in the territory of Michigan, then an almost unbroken wilderness. He settled in Genesee county, and aided with his own hands in building some of the early residences in what is now known as the city of Flint. Where this flourishing city now stands, there were but four or five houses when he selected it as his home. In the spring of 1839 he married Miss Harriet A. Miles. Immedi- ately after his marriage he commenced work on an unimproved farm, where, by his perseverance and energy, he soon established a good home, and at the end of eighteen years was the owner of a farm of five hundred acres well improved. Mr. Begole being an anti-slavery man, became a member of the republican party at its oiganization. He served his townsmen in MICHIGAIT BIOGRAPHY. 89 various offices, and was in 1856 elected county treasurer, which office he held for eight years. In 1870 he was nominated by accla- mation for State Senator, and elected by a large majority. In the Senate he was known as fICHlGAN BIOGRAPHY. versed. From 1850 to 1854 he was a Free Soil Democrat and held no office. In 1854 he was nominated as the candidate of the free soilers for governor. At the great union mass convention at Jackson, June 6, 1854, the whigs and free soilers united on a state ticket and he was placed at the head of it for governor, as the nominee of the new Republican party, which then and there sprang into existence, and received its name. Sanguine of success, he stumped the state and the entire ticket was elected. He was sworn into office January 3, 1855, and was again elected governor in 1856 by a largely increased majority. During his term of office the State Agricultural College and the State Reform School were both placed in successful operation. At the close of his second term of office, in 1859, he was elected United States Senator, serving until 1861. He was stricken down with apo- plexy and died at his home in Green Oak, October 5, 1861. Gov. Bingham had great influence as a public speaker, especially among the farmers of the state, and perhaps was as effective in making converts to the principles he advocated as any man that ever took the stump in Michigan. He was also possessed of rare political intuition, and could foresee the result of an election with absolute cer- tainty. Of commanding presence, he was a highly popular governor; a successful farmer, skilled in public affairs, and happy in the power to control public feeling to act in harmony Mth his own convictions. He was known as the "farmer governor," and the only one who filled that position from the first organization of the territory up to 1886. During his brief senatorial career he stood by the Union, as he had stood against the extension of slavery, and his death was received with profound sorrow by the people of the state. LEVI BISHOP Was born in Russell, Hampden county Mass., October 15, 1815; re- ceived a good common school education; at fifteen became an appren- tice in a leather manufactory, where he remained until 1836, when he emigrated to Detroit, and followed his trade for four years. In 1839 he lost an arm while engaged in firing a salute. He then studied law for three years; was admitted to the bar; in 1842 was elected a justice; in 1846 became a member of the board of education, serving twelve years, much of the time as president. In 1857 he was elected a regent of the State University, holding the position for six years. In 1860 he visited Europe; published several poems, among them one entitled '* The Dignity of Labor," and "Teuchsa Grondie," a book of Indian legends, etc. , in twenty-eight cantos. Mr. Bishop was a strong MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 101 advocate of capital punishment, and gave much time and effort in attempting to secure the repeal of the present law in Michigan. He died at Detroit. ROSWELL P. BISHOP, Representative from Mason county in 1883, was born January 7, 1843, in Delaware county, N. Y. Enlisted private "C" Company, 43d In- fantry Volunteers, August 3, 1861 ; suffered loss of right arm by gun- shot wound May 1, 1862; remained with his regiment and participated in its battles until discharged in the field near Fredericksburg, Va., December, 1862. Subsequently attended school at Unadilla Academy, and Cooperstown Seminary, Otsego county, and Walton Academy, Delaware county, N. Y., at which last named place he completed his preparatory course for college. Entered Michigan University, Sep- tember, 1868. Accepted an appointment under the sergeant-at-arms of the National House of Representatives at Washington, D. C, Jan- uary, 1872. Was elected alderman of Fifth ward of Ann Arbor city, April, 1875. Admitted to the bar at Ann Arbor, May, 1875, and com. menced practice at Ludington, Mich., May, 1876. Elected 'prosecut- ing attorney, Mason county, November, 1876; re-elected November 1878. ' NATHAN H. BITELY Wasbornin Moran, Saratoga county, New York, January 33, 1822. He removed to Paw Paw in 1851, and the next year went to Lawton, where he was engaged many years in the manufacture of lumber. He was educated to the law at Ballston Springs law school. In poli- tics he was a Republican, and for many years was a member of the state committee, and was a very forcible and able speaker in the early days of the republican party. He never sought office and when elected prosecuting attorney of Van Buren county refused to serve. Later he consented to serve as State Senator in 1867 and was again elected in 1868. In later years he had a fruit farm and was president of the Lawton Pomological Society. He died in March, 1884. DAVID A. BIXBY, Representative from the Second District of Lenawee county, in 1888, was born in the city of Adrian, in that county, September 24, 1854. He graduated from the Adrian high school in 1870, and in the autumn of 1871 entered the literary department of the University of Michi- 102 MICHIGAN BIOGKAPHY. gan, from which he received his diploma in 1875. He has held the office of city recorder of Adrian four terms, and that of supervisor, two terms. He has also filled other minor official positions. As can- didate for Representative he was elected over B. F. Graves, his re- publican opponent, by 150 plurality, the district being strongly repub- lican. Mr. Bixby was the second Democrat ever elected from his district. CYRENIUS P. BLACK, Representative from the Second District of Tuscola county, in 1833-5, was born at Alfred, Alleghany county, New York, April 16, 1843. His early education was obtained from an old school district library, and in common schools, supplemented by a two years' course at Alfred University. After devoting some time to teaching school and clerk- ing in a store, he began the study of law in the office of the Hon. Martin Grover, and then with Hon. Marshall B. Champlain, where he remained until 1866, when he came to Tuscola county, was soon after appointed United States internal revenue assessor for Tuscola county, which office he resigned at the end of one year. He was admit- ted to the bar in February, 1867, and at once commenced practice. In 1873 he entered into partnership with D. H. Ball, of Marquette, con- tinuing until 1877; was elected prosecuting attorney of Marquette county. The firm of Ball & Black was interested and successful in many important mining suits. When the twenty-fourth judicial circuit was organized Mr. Black was nominated by the bar of the circuit for judge. He was defeated by the Hon. Levi L. Wixson. In 1880 he was the democratic candidate for congress. He is a Demo- crat, and was elected to the legislature of 1883-4, aind reelected on the Fusion ticket, receiving 1,563 votes to 1,207 for John F. Wilmot, Re- publican, and 105 for C. D. Petershaw, Prohibition. In 1885 he was appointed United States attorney for the eastern district of Michigan, which office he now holds. ROBERT R. BLACKER, Representative from Manistee county in 1883-5, was born in Brant- ford, Ontario, October 31, 1845. Leaving home at the age of nineteen, he emigrated to Michigan, spent two years at Buchanan, after which he permanently located at Manistee, following the business of lum- ber inspecting until 1877, when he buUt a mill and engaged in the manufacture of shingles. In 1879 he helped build what is known as the Davies, Blacker & Co. mill, which is one of the largest, if not the MIOHIGAIJ^ BIOGEAPHY. 103 largest, lumber and shingle mill in the state. He assisted in organiz- ing and is a director of the First National Bank of Manistee. Mr. Blacker was elected in the spring of 1880, alderman of the ninth ward of Manistee, with but one dissenting vote. He is a Democrat, and received 1,440 votes, to 1,148 for Cyrus B. Lewis, Republican; 155 for Daniel Bemiss, Prohibition, and 637 for John Tonans, Labor ticket. JOHN M. BIRD Was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, January 3, 1810. By occupation a farmer. Was a Whig and as such a member of the legislature in 1840 from Lenawee county. Was twelve years justice of the peace, and has held other township offices. Resides in Dover, Lenawee county. JAMES BIRNEY Was born in Dansville, Ky., and was the son of Hon. James G. Birney, the abolition candidate for president in 1844. He obtained his edu- cation at Centre College, Ky., and at Miami University, Ohio, gradu- ating at the latter in 1836. In 1837-8 he was professor of Greek and Latin in Miami University. He attended the law school of Yale col- lege for two years, and commenced practice at Cincinnati, Ohio, which he continued eleven years. He was an early settler at Bay City, and was State Senator in 1859. He was elected lieutenant gov- ernor in 1860, and served from January 1, 1861, to April 3, 1861, when he resigned to accept a position as circuit judge to fill a vacancy, where he acted for four years. He was renominated for judge but was defeated. In 1871 he established the Bay City Chronicle, and the daily in 1873. In 1876 he was a centennial commissioner for Michigan at the centennial exposition at Philadelphia. Later he was appointed United States Minister at the Hague where he remained several years. He now resides at Bay City, where he has large real estate interests. His only son died while an officer in the United States army. JAMES C. BISHOP, Representative from the First District of St. Joseph county, in 1881-2, was born in Franklinville, Cattaraugus county, N. Y., April 1, 1828. He removed with his parents to what is now the township of Burr Oak, St. Joseph county, Michigan, in the year 1836, where he has since resided. His occupation haS always been farming. He has held the offices of highway commissioner, justice of the peacje, and super- 104 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. visor,— the latter oflfice thirteen years,— being chairman of the board three years. He took the state census in 1874, also the United States census of 1880. As Republican candidate for Representative he received 1,632 votes; Edward W. Freeman (Democrat), received 878, and John M. Lockwood (National), 837. DANIEL BLACKMAN Was born in Newtown, Conn., December 31, 1821. He received an academical education; taught school; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1845; practiced at Danbury, Conn., until 1851, when he settled at Cassopolis, Mich., and engaged in his profession. In 1869 he was elected judge of the second circuit on a people's ticket. He resigned in November, 1872, and removed to Chicago, where he be- came a member of the law firm of Fairchild & Blackman. In poli- tics a Democrat. HENRY E. BLACKMAN, Representative from Allegan county in 1879, was born in Aurora, Portage county, O., January 6, 1820. He came to Michigan in 1839, and settled in the township of Trowbridge, Allegan county, in 1841. He received a common school education, and follows the occupation of a farmer. . He has held the offices of county superintendent of the poor, county drain commissioner, supervisor, and justice of the peace. In politics a National. SAMUEL H. BLACKMAN Was born in Aurora, Ohio, April 6, 1814. Received a common school education. Came to Michigan in 1842, first settling in Allegan county, but in 1844 removed to Paw Paw. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1841. He was State Senator from Van Buren county in 1863-4, delegate in the Constitutional Convention of 1867, and Representative in the Michigan House in 1873-4. He has also been treasurer, register of deeds, and prosecuting attorney of Van Buren county. In politics a Republican. He still resides at Paw Paw. WILLIAM BLADES Was born in Worcester county, Maryland, September 27, 1798. He learned the trade of a hatter. He left Maryland in 1828, on account of his aversion to slavery, and lived first at Newark, N. J., then at MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY. 105 liast Avon, N. Y. He came to Michigan in 1834, settled and lived in Genesee county until his death, March 14, 1877. He lived in Grand Blanc first ten years, afterwards at Flint. He was justice of the peace from 1835 to 1844; sheriff from 1844 to 1846; Representative in the legislature of 1848, and the first Whig elected from Genesee county. He was an old time Whig, later a Republican. He was a farmer at first in Genesee county, but a local preacher of the Metho- dist Episcopal church for the last twenty-five years of his life, and is said to have buried and married more people than any other man in Genesee county. He was also a superintendent of the poor in later years. AUSTIN BLAIR Was born at Caroline, Tompkins county, N. Y., February 8, 1818. His father, George Blair, felled the first tree, built the first log cabin, and burned the first log heap in Tompkins county. He settled there in 1809, and lived sixty years on the same spot until his death, at the age of eighty-four. He was a sagacious, conscientious, benevolent, upright, and religious man, and one of the first to advocate the aboli- tion of slavery. His mother. Rhoda Beekman, was a worthy com- panion. Joseph Blair, his great grandfather, came from Scotland in 1756, and settled on land now forming a part of Worcester, Mass. With a thorough primary education, the son, at the age of sixteen, commenced the study of Latin, and prepared for college at Cazenovia Seminary. He first entered Hamilton College, but in his junior year changed to Union College, then famous under the direction of Presi- dent Nott. He graduated in 1837. He was admitted to practice as a lawyer in the courts of Tioga county in 1841, and the same year removed to Michigan. He first located at Jackson, but during a temporary stay at Eaton Rapids, was elected clerk of Eaton county. On his return to Jack- son in 1844, as a Whig he earnestly supported Henry Clay for presi- dent. He was sent as a Representative to the state legislature in 1846; was a member of the judiciary committee; and rendered efficient ser- vice in connection with the revision of the general statutes at that session. He made an earnest report in favor of abolishing the color distinction as related to the elective franchise, the same ground he has ever since held. This displeased a portion of the whig party, and caused his defeat at the next election. As a member he was also active in securing the abolition of capital punishment, which was effected by a close vote. In 1848, the whig national convention having tabled all resolutions 106 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. of an anti-slavery character, Mr. Blair joined the free soil movement and was a member of the convention at Buffalo which nominated Van Buren and Adams. He continued to act with them until the formation of the Republican party at Jackson in 1854. He was a mem- ber of the committee on platform, of which the late Senator Jacob M. Howard was chairman. The result of that movement is a matter of political history. He was elected prosecuting attorney of Jackson county in 1853; and in 1854 was elected to the State Senate; taking his seat in Janu- ary, 1855, and becoming at once a recognized leader of that body. From this time until 1860 he was a leader of the republican party and he visited all portions of the state as a stump speaker. He was a member of the national convention of 1860 that nominated Abraham Lincoln, although, as chairman of the state delegation he cast the vote of Michigan in favor of William H. Seward. He was nominated and elected governor in 1860 and again in 1863. His term embraced the four years from January 1, 1861, to January 1, 1865, almost the entire period of the war, during which he won the popular sobriquet of " The War Governor." His labors during those four years were very great. He was confident of the success of the Union cause, never lost heart or faltered, and kept up the spirits of the people at home and of the soldiers in the field, of which Michigan furnished over 90,000. The merely nominal salary did not furnish any equiva- lent for the burdensome expenses and he retired from office impover- ished and worn out. In 1867 he was elected to congress from the Third District, and was reelected in 1869 and 1871. As a congressman he supported the impeachment of President Johnson. He was a member of the com- mittee on foreign affairs during his first term. During his second term he became a member of the committee of ways and means, and gave hearty support to the bill known as " The act to support the public credit," and favored generally all legislation calculated to hasten a return to specie payments. He also served on the com- mittee for the revision of the laws. During his last term he was chairman of the committee on claims, then having charge of all claims, including war claims. On this committee he became some- what antagonized with the administration, and in 1873 took the stump in favor of Horace Greeley for president. He was the candidate of the democrats for governor in 1874, but was defeated. He acted with the democracy for a few years, but always stood by the republican platform of 1860 as his creed. In 1883 he was nominated by the republicans as regent of the State University and was elected, his term expiring in 1890. He was also MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 107 the republican candidate for judge of the supreme court in 1884 but was defeated. For the last few years he has deyoted himself assidu- ously to the duties of his profession, and from 1885 to 1887 was prose- cuting attorney of Jackson county, having been elected on a people's ticket. He has several times received strong support for United States Senator in the legislature. He is the oldest living governor except Governor Felch. He made a fine address at the dedication of the state capitol in 1879. In religion he is liberal, and supports the Unitarian doctrine. GEORGE BLAKESLEE Was born in Oakland county, Michigan, in 1826. He lived on a farm until about the age of fifteen when he went to Detroit and shipped for the ocean under the noted Captain Blake, on the steamer Illinois. The next year he apprenticed himself to learn the carpenter and joiners' trade, at which he worked for four years under master build- ers, mostly at Detroit, attending select school four months in the year. He then taught school one winter. In 1848 he married, and lived in Detroit several years, working as a builder and contractor. In 1850 he was elected assessor of the first district, comprising the first, sec- ond and eighth wards, and was appointed fire warden in 1851. The same year he purchased a farm and saw mill at Birmingham, and moved his family there in 1854, and built a residence now occupied by him. He was two years supervisor of Bloomfield township, and was a Representative in the legislature of 1861-2. He was a Democrat in early life but became a Republican in 1856. He was in 1863 special agent of the provost marshal of the Fifth District, and afterwards became deputy. He has carried on a mercantile business in Bir- mingham the last fifteen years and also deals in real estate. JOHN BLINDBURY Was born February 22, 1806, in Lyons, New York, emigrated to Mich- igan in 1825 and purchased a farm in Southfield, Oakland county, erected a log house, and sent for his father's family. He hired out to chop at four and a half dollars per acre, paying his father for his time until he was 21. In 1837 he removed to Greenfield, eight miles from Detroit, and began keeping hotel. He was supervisor of Green , field thirteen successive years, and held other local offices. In 1844 he was elected Representative to the legislature. In 1852 he removed to Detroit and built the Blindbury hotel, later known as the Antisdel house. He died March 1, 1867. In politics he was a Democrat, in religion a Methodist. 108 MICHIGA]^ BIOGRAPHY. AARON T. BLISS, Senator from the Twenty-fifth District, Saginaw county, in 1883, was born May 32, 1837, in Smithfield, Madison county, New York. In his boyhood he learned farming thoroughly, getting his education at the district school. He left home at 17, embarked in the mercantile busi- ness, first as clerk, and at the age of 20 became the junior member of the firm of Burhans & Bliss, merchants, in Bauckville, Madison county, New York. He enlisted as a private in Co. D, 10th N. Y. Vol. Cavalry, October 1, 1861, and recruited a company for the ser- vice. From a private he was promoted to sergeant, first lieutenant, and captain. He spent four years and five months in the service, six months of the time being in the prison pens of Andersonville, Macon, Charleston, and Columbia, S. C. , from which later place he escaped on the 29th of November, 1864, and after eighteen nights of weari- some travel through the woods and swamps, he reached the Union lines, near Savannah, on the morning of the 16th of December. He was in a nearly famished condition, as his only food for seventy-six hours consisted of three ears of raw corn. A few months after leav- ing the army he came to Saginaw, Michigan, and engaged in the lumber business as a jobber. He was married in March, 1868, to AUaseba M. Phelps, and in the following April formed a copartner- ship with two of his brothers, under the firm name of A. T. Bliss & Bros., and purchased the Jerome & Atwater saw mill, near Carrolton, since which time his business career has been successful. In politics a Republican. He served four years as alderman, and a member of the board of supervisors, also a member of the board of education since March, 1877. He is a stockholder and director of the Citizens' National Bank since its organization in October, 1880. He was elected State Senator by a majority of 1,330 over Mr. Jeffers, his democratic opponent. OLOMON B. BLISS Was born at Bennfield, Mass., April 17, 1838, and died at East Sagi- naw November 12, 1884. The oldest of a family of five children, he had a limited education, and at the age of twelve years wont to work, being employed in Springfield and Boston for four years, then went to Ohio, returning to Massachusetts on horseback when seventeen. He returned to Ohio in 1845, settling first at Wellington, and then at Elyria, where he married a daughter of Dr. O. L. Mason in 1850. He reside! in Cleveland until 1854 when he removed to East Saginaw and engaged in the grocery trade with Curtis Bros, for some years, finally buying out the business. He also engaged in the banking and the MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 109 lumber business, and built the Bliss block in East Saginaw. He was elected Representative and served in the legislature in 1863 and 1864. He was also postmaster under President Johnson. He was a Repub- lican, a Knight Templar, an Odd Fellow, and a charter member of the Unitarian church. He was a geaial, pleasant gentleman, and highly esteemed. AMOS C. BLODGET, Now of Detroit, was a member of the House, session 1857, from Washtenaw county (Ypsilanti). He was born in Vermont, January 30, 1822, coming with his parents to Michigan in 1836, and settling in Ypsilanti in 1840. His education was academic, and his first occupa- tion that of teaching. He was admitted to practice as an attorney at Ann Arbor in 1847. He held the office of justice of the peace and other local offices at Ypsilanti, and in 1864 was elected prosecuting attorney of the couaty. Mr. Blodgec has always been a Democrat, but was nominated for the legislature on the Republican ticket by reason of local considerations, aad elected. He removed to Phila- delphia in 1872, taking a position with an insurance company, and came to Detroit in 1883. He has for some years made a special study of insurance law. JOHN T. BLOIS, Publisher of the Michigan Gazetteer in 1837, was born in New Haven, Conn., in 1809, and was graduated as a civil engineer from the Mili- tary academy at Middletown, Conn. After visiting the South, he took up his residence at Detroit in 1836. The Gazetteer, published under the patronage of the legislature, has preserved important sta- tistics, including the figures of several censuses of the territory, which would have otherwise been lost, and in this sense his labors were of a value beyond estimation. He moved to Jones ville, Mich., in 1839, and opened with Salem T. King the second law office in Hillsdale county. Was register of deeds two years, circuit court commissioner eight years, and justice of the peace twenty five years. He was a scientific man and of high literary attamments. Died at Jone»ville> June 9, 1886. CALVIN A. BLOOD, Representative from the First District of St. Clair county in 1881-2, Michigan, was born in Vermont in 1823. He received a common school education, and in 1845 came to the state of Michigan and set- 13 110 MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY. tied in St. Clair county, where he followed the occupation of carpen- penter and joiner eight years. In 1853 he engaged successfully in mercantile business. He has held the office of collector of customs fifteen years, postmaster eight years, express agent and telegraph operator five years, and steamboat agent twenty-five years. In poli- tics he was a Democrat previous to 1856. In 1860 he commenced active labors with the republican party. ADAM E. BLOOM, Representative from the First District of Wayne county in 1881-3, city of Detroit, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, September 5, 1849. He is a graduate of the public schools of that city. At an early age he engaged in the mercantile business with his brothers at Fayetteville, Tenn. In the spring of 1868 he returned to Cincinnati, where he re- mained until the fall of 1870, wiien he located at El Dorado, Kansas. While there he began to read law with Judge William P. Campbell, and in the spring of 1872, was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of Kansas. Having returned to Cincinnati in the summer of 1872, he entered the law office of Lincoln, Smith & Stephens. While there he attended law lectures in the law department of the Cincin- nati University, graduating in May, 1873, In June he came to Detroit, where he has since resided, and having succeeded in building up quite a lucrative and extensive law practice, is considered one of the promising attorneys of the Detroit bar. He is known as an ardent and active Republican. In every campaign his services are in much demand by the party. He has been a member of the Detroit board of education for two years. He was elected to the legislature by 11,507 votes to 10,336 for his democratic opponent. HENRY M. BOIES Was born in Blandford, Mass. , January 12, 1818. He came to Michi- gan in 1840, settling at Hudson, Lenawee county. He was a pioneer merchant of that town. He was president of the village of Hudson in 1854 and 1855. Was State Senator from Lenawee county in 1855, 1857-58. He was appointed one of tlie inspectors of the state prison by Governor Blair in 1860. He removed to New York city in 1862, and was in mercantile business there several years, and in 1873 he changed his residence to Chicago, where he established the wholesale grocery house of Boies, Fay & Conkey, continuing at the head of that concern until his death froin pulmonary disease, which occurred at Chicago on the 5th day of November, 1880. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. Ill JOHN K. BOIES Was born in Blandford, Mass., December 6, 1828. He came to Mich- igan in 1845, settling at Hudson, Lenawee county. He engaged in mercantile business, and also in banking. He was president of the village of Hudson in 1863 and 1867. Was Representative in the state legislature, 1865-7. Was State Senator from Lenawee county in 1869-70-75. Was a member of the State board of control of rail- roads from 1871-4, and again from 1878-86. Was president pro tern of the State Senate, 1875-6. Was several times chosen president of state republican conventions. Was appointed by President Garfield in 1881, a member of the United States Board of Indian commission- ers, holding that position until he resigned it, January 15, 1886. ROBERT E. BOLGER, Representative from the Fifth District of Wayne county in 1881-3-3, was born in Wexford, Ireland. When a child he came with his parents to Detroit, where he received a common school education. When the war broke out he enlisted in the 24th Michigan Infantry; served during the war. He was twice wounded in action, once at Gettysburg, and once at the Wilderness, Va. Was taken prisoner at the battle of Weldon Road. He remained a prisoner six months and a half, when he was paroled and returned to his regiment, and was mustered out with the same at Detroit, July 1, 1865. He has served on the lakes and rivers surrounding Michigan for eighteen years as pilot, clerk, etc. He was a Representative in the legislature of 1881-2, and was re-elected by a majority of about 1,500. ABRAHAM F. BOLTON Settled in Napoleon, Jackson county, Mich., in 1832. The town was so named at his request. He was the first settler in the town. H© was supervisor in 1835, and a Representative in the legislature of 1836. He became a general of state militia. Deceased. WILLIAM S. BOND, A Representative from Detroit, session 1865, was born in Massachu- setts in 1831, and came to Michigan when a boy. He was a printer by trade, with a fondness for politics-, being of the democratic school. In 1856 he was interested for a short time in the publication of a daily paper called the Evening News, and in 1862 in an agricultural paper. 112 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. He was alderman from his ward 1862-5, and 1868-9, the latter year being president of the council. He left Detroit several years ago, and is understood to have died soon after leaving the city. ASHER BONHAM, Representative from St. Joseph county in 1850, was born in Fleming- ton, N. J., October 27, 1808. By occupation a carriage maker, in politics a Democrat. He settled in Nottawa, Michigan, in 1835, where he still resides. He was four years county clerk, justice of the peace sixteen years, master in chancery four years, and town clerk. Since becoming a resident of Michigan has been a farmer, but from 1851 to 1877 was in railroad business in Indiana. EVAN J. BONINE Was born at Richmond, Indiana, September 10, 1821, and is of Quaker descent. Until seventeen years of age he worked on his father's farm, attending school winters. After one year as clerk in a store he studied medicine and graduated at the Ohio Medical College in Cin- cinnati in 1843. In 1844 he settled at Niles, where he has always had a large medical practice, and has also been prominent in politics. He has been a Representative in the legislatures of 1853, 1865, 1867 and 1878, and was State Senator in 1869 and 1870. He went into the army as surgeon of the Second Michigan Infantry, and became surgeon-in- chief of the third division of the army corps. In this capacity he acquired a great reputation as a surgeon. He has been twice mayor of Niles, and was postmaster from 1870 to 1885. He has for a quarter of a century been division surgeon of the Michigan Central Railroad. In politics a Republican. BENJAMIN C. BONNELL, Representative from the district consisting of Lake, Wexford, Kal- kaska, and Missaukee counties in 1883, was born in Elizabeth City, N. J., in 1841. His opportunities for education were those of free schools. He removed with the family to Westchester county, New York, and five years later to Pike county, Pennsylvania, where he was married in 1861. He enlisted in the 15l8t Pennsylvania Volun- teers, in 1862; was engaged in the battle of Chancellorsville, May 2 and 3, 1863, and at the battle of Gettysburg, July 1, where he was taken prisoner, bnt paroled on the 3d of that month, after which he was discharged. He then joined a construction corps, serving until MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 113 Gen. Sherman started for the sea, when he returned to Pennsylvania. Since the war he has lived two years in Jersey City, New Jersey, and two years in Minnesota, engaging there in farming. In 1870 he came to Michigan, settUng upon a homestead claim in Missaukee county, where he still resides, and has been elected supervisor seven times; twice elected county treasurer. He was elected county surveyor in 1872, continuing in that office ten years. In politics a Republican. MARTIN V. BORGMAN, Representative from the First District of Wayne county in 1881-2, was born in Auglaize county, Ohio, December 1, 1839. Having been educated in the common schools of Cincinnati, Ohio, he commenced to learn the printer's trade, but failing health caused him to abandon that and seek employment not so confining. He, therefore, in 1859, removed to Detroit, Mich., where he found employment more suited to his taste and health. At the breaking out of the war he entered the army in the 16th Michigan Infantry and served nearly three years. At the close of the war, in 1865, he was appointed on the Detroit police force, then just organizing, and obtained the superintendency of the force in 1867. He remained with the police force until 1873, when he resigned to accept the position of superintendent of the Detroit House of Correction. He has been an alderman, and is now assistant superintendent of the Detroit police. ALFRED J. BOSS Was a resident of Pontiac, Oakland county, and the first Republican Senator from that county in 1855. He kept a livery stable there. He was a man of fine personal appearance, a warm partisan, and took an active part in the legislature. EZRA BOSTWICK Was born in Otisco, Onondaga county, N. Y., February 27, 1826. He was brought up a farmer, and received a common school education. He came to the town of Union, Branch county, in 1846, and settled on a farm of two thousand acres, purchased by his father in 1835, of which he has improved over one thousand acres. He became promi- nent at Union City. Was several years president of the village, a director of the Union City National Bank, and in 1869-70 was Repre- sentative in the legislature. He has a fiae fortune, and it is said will leave a large amount to a Michigan college. 114 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. THOMAS BOTTOMLEY, Representative from St. Clair county in 1873-4, was born in the town of Southouram, Yorkshire, England. October 5, 1837. Mr. Bottomley was educated at the Saltrauble Academy, Yorkshire, England. In 1854 he emigrated to the United States, and settled in the city of Buffalo. In 1856 he emigrated to Michigan, and settled in New Bal- timore, Macomb county. He removed to Romeo in 1865, and in 1872 removed to the town of Capac, St. Clair county, where he now re- sides. Mr. Bottomley has held various offices of trust in the different places where he has resided. His occupation is that of a merchant. JESSE BOWEN Was born in Greenfield, Saratoga county, N. Y., February 27, 1805, and spent his boyhood days upon a farm. In 1837 he married Lucy Morehouse, and the same year settled on a farm in Butler, Branch county, Mich. He was supervisor of the township for many years. In 1863-4 he was Representative from the Third District of Branch county as a Republican, and died during the extra session, February 7, 1864. Three of his sons served in the war of 1861-5. OZRO A. BOWEN, Representative from Ingham county in 1879, was born in Butler township. Branch county, where he lived on a farm until 1861. He enlisted as a private in the Eleventh Michigan Infantry, and served three years. After being mustered out of service he entered Hills- dale College, where he remained three years. He then purchased an interest in the Coldwater Republican, and there remained for some time. He was deputy commissioner of the state land office for five years, and a member of the firm of Dart, Bowen & Co., of Lansing. In politics a Republican. Has since been a resident of the Upper Peninsula and of Chicago. JOHN H. BOWMAN, Representative from St. Joseph county in 1838 and 1845, was born in Columbia county, Penn., in 1797. He settled at Three Rivers, Mich., in 1832, named the village, and owned a part of the land on which it stands. In .836. in connection with the Smiths, he built what is known as the Three Rivers mill. He built a flouring mill at Colon in 1838, and in 1848 purchased an interest in what is now known as the Hoffman mill, and ran the business with Phillip Hoffman up to the MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 115 time of his death, May 2, 1855. He died of cholera at Lexington, Mo., while traveling in the West. He brought about $10,000 to Michigan and left an estate of ^50,000. He started the village of Three Rivers by giving every man a lot who would build a house upon it; and was noted for public spirit and great benevolence. A miller and farmer, in politics a Whig. JOHN BOWNE Was born in Cold Springs, N. Y., January 14, 1796, and died May 17, 1861. He lived in and around New York city for some years, and at the age of twenty-one moved to Courtland county, N. Y., where he married Sarah P. Owen, and resided until he moved to Barry county, Michigan, in 1837. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Democrat. He was a Representative in 1849, and State Senator in 1850 and 1851. DANIEL BOYNTON, Representative from Jackson county in 1885, was born in Grass Lake, Michigan, September 9, 1842. He lived at home, working on the farm summers, and attending district schools winters until he was seventeen years of age; he then went to school at the Michigan Col- legiate Institute, located at Leoni village, for a couple of years. He canvassed one summer as agent for the Michigan state fire insurance company, of Adrian, and taught school the next winter. He then worked his father's farm two summers, and taught school winters. Was married July 3, 1864, to Mary A. Burkhart, of Leoni. Bought a farm in the township of Leoni, in the spring of 1865, and removed there May 11, upon which place he now resides. In the year 1874 he, with his partner, Wm, A. Watts, built the grist mill now known as the Boynton mills. He bought out his partner in the spring of 1877. Was elected township treasurer, served three years; was elected supervisor in 1881. Was elected Representative as the candidate of the Fusion party, receiving 2,351 votes, to 2,223 for Alonzo M. Cain, Republican, and 523 for S. V. Smalley, Prohibitionist. NATHAN S. BOYTON Was born at Port Huron, Mich., June 23, 1837. His father settled at Port Huron in 1827. When the son was nine years old his father died, and two years after his mother' marrying again, he removed with the family to Marine City, where he was brought up on a farm until the age of nineteen, attending school winters. In 1852 he went to 116 MICHiaAN BIOGRAPHY. Waukegan, Ills., and passed through the high school of that city. In 1856-7 he was engaged in mercantile business in Port Huron. From 1857 to 1862 he was absent from this state. In 1863 he returned and enlisted as a private in Company C, 8th Michigan Cavalry. He soon became lieutenant, and in 1863 captain of Company L. In 1865 he became major of his regiment. He made an honorable record, and was mustered out at the close of the war. He then engaged in gen- eral business in Marine City, and was also postmaster, and assessor of internal revenue. He was elected R<^presentative, and served in the session of 1869. He has also held the offices of president, clerk and supervisor in Marine City, and mayor of Port Huron in 1»74 and 1875. From 1869 to 1871 he was editor and proprietor of the Port Huron Press. He was first a Republican, supported Greeley in 1872, and in 1878 joined the Greenback party. He has aided largely in building up the order of the Knights of the Maccabees. THOMAS D. BRADFIELD, Representative from ICeweenaw and Ontonagon counties in 1875-9, was born January 12, 1843. He received an academic education, and prosecuted his medical studies at the University of Michigan during the years 1867-8, and graduated at the Detroit Medical College in 1869. He has since practiced his profession in Keweenaw county. VINCENT L. BRADFORD Came from Philadelphia to Niles in 1835, and engaged in the practice of the law. He was a ripe scholar, and a man of eminent ability, and immediately took rank among the first lawyers of the state, and acquired a state reputation. He was State Senator from Berrien county in 1838 and 1839. He returned to Philadelphia in 1843, became one of the first lawyers of that city, and afterwards a judge. He died some years since. EDWARD BRA.DLEY Was born at East Bloomfield, N. Y., in 1808, brought up on a farm, and received a fair common school and academical education. In 1836 he was judge of the common pleas court in Ontario county, N. Y. He came to Michigan in 1839 and studied law, first at Detroit and then at Marshall, and engaged there in practice with Gibbs & San- ford. In 1843 he was State Senator; and in 1847 was elected to con- gress, but never qualified, dying at New York while on his way to MICHIGAN BIOaRAPHY. 117 Washington, and Charles E. Stuart was elected to fill the vacancy. He was a fine lawyer and a great orator. In height, five feet ten; fine eyes, light complexion, curly, bushy head of brown hair; easy in manner, fluent in speech, a master of wit and ridicule, logical, argumentative, enthusiastic and inspiring, he was by many consid- ered the ablest democratic speaker in those early days of Michigan. He gloried in the life of a pioneer. HARMON BRADLEY, Representative from Calhoun county in 1879, was born in Vermont in 1817. He received a common school education, and in 1835 came to Michigan and settled in Calhoun county, where he followed the occu- pation of a farmer. He has held the office of supervisor and other minor offices. In politics a Republican. NATHAN B. BRADLEY Was born in Lee, Massachusetts, May 28, 1831, He moved with his father's family to Ohio in 1835. He received a common school edu- cation and came to Michigan in 1852. Settled at Bay City in 1858. Served in the village and city council and was elected mayor in 1865, Was elected State Senator and served in the session of 1867. In 1872 and 1874 was elected to congress and served in the 43d and 44th sessions. In that position he made a good record. He is engaged in the manufacture of lumber and salt. ELIAS BRADSHAW, A Representative from Wayne county (residence Van Buren town- ship), sessions 1835-6, and a member of the first and second conven- tions of assent, 1836, was a native of Canada, and of Quaker extraction. The dates of his birth and death are unknown. By reason of his religious tendencies, or from some other cause, he refused to bear arms in the British service in the war of 1812, and was imprisoned for a time as an American sympathizer. After regaining his liberty he came to Michigan, though at what time is unknown. He is first mentioned as a justice of the peace in 1831, and was subsequently supervisor of the then township of Huron, and of Van Buren after it was set off from Huron. He was a man of intelligence and educa- tion, numbered surveying among his pursuits, and was county sur- veyor in 1837-41, and associate judge in the last named year. The period of his public service would define his politics as presumably Democratic. 118 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. CALVIN K. BRANDON, Representative from Wayne county in 1885, was born in New Car- lisle, Ohio, September 6, 1841. When one year old his parents removed to Indianapolis, Indiana, where they both died within five years. He was then taken to Pennsylvania, the home of his parents. In the common schools he received a limited education, At the age of nineteen he removed to Illinois. Seven days after the siege of Fort Sumpter he enlisted in the Sixteenth Illinois Infantry for three months, but on the 26th of April, 1861, he was mustered into the three years' service. At the expiration of that time he spent a short time in Quincy, Illinois, but soon re-enlisted in the Fourteenth Illi- nois Infantry, and was chosen Captain of Company E of said regi- ment; was detailed as commissary of subsistence and general ord- nance officer of General Stolbrand's brigade, seventeenth army corps, and served in this capacity until he was mustered out of the service September, 1865. He settled in Saline county, Missouri, in 1866, as a stock farmer. Removed in July, 1872, to Hamtramck, Mich., where he has since lived. Has been engaged in manufacturing cooperage materials and dealing in real estate. Is a Republican. Was elected by a vote of 1,741 to 1,475 for John M. Lee, Democrat, and 166 for Charles A. Frisbee, Prohibition. ' LYMAN A. BRANT, Representative from Wayne coupty in 1883-5, was born at Great Bend, Pa. , January 20, 1848, and is descended from the early Dutch settlers of New Jersey. He received his primary instruction in the village school, and pursued advanced studies in the graded schools of Binghampton, N. Y., and the Susquehanna Seminary. In 1861 he began an apprenticeship in the printers' trade in the office of the Binghampton Republican. Having learned his trade, he made an extended tour through the southwestern and western states, which terminated in October, 1868, when he took up his permanent abode in Detroit. Since that date a large portion of his time has been em- ployed in the job rooms of the Free Press of that city. Mr. Brant has taken an active interest in political affairs for a number of years, and his first aspirations in that direction were rewarded by his elec- tion as Representative by the democrats and workingmen of Detroit, to the legislature of 1883-4. At the last election he was nominated by the Labor party, endorsed by the democrats, and elected by the unprecedented vote of about 16,000. Has of late been a state fish commissioner. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 119 BARTLEY BHEEN, Representative from Menominee county in 1887, was born in the province of New Brunswick, January 23, 1834. His business is buy- ing and selling pine and mineral lands. During the civil war he was a member of Battery L, 1st Illinois light artillery, three years and seven months, has been supervisor of the 4th ward of Menomi- nee city, and was elected Representative on the Fusion ticket by a vote of 2,077 to 1,782 for Joseph Flesheim, on the Republican and Prohibition tickets. He was defeated for congress in February, 1888. EDWARD BREITUNG, Representative in congress from 1883 to 1885, was born November 10, 1831, in the city of Schalkan, Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen, and was the son of a Lutheran clergyman. He graduated from the college of mining at Meiningen in 1849, and came to Michigan the same year, making his home in Kalamazoo county. He attended school at Richland several monchs to acquire a knowledge of the English lan- guage. Then became a clerk in a store at Kalamazoo. In 1851 went to Detroit, where he remained four years, and removed to Marquette in 1855. There engaged in mercantile business, also in exploring and buying and selling mineral lands. Removed to Negaunee in 1859 and continued his mercantile business until 1864, when he gave his entire attention to mining and mining interests. He was engaged in running the Pioneer furnace at Negaunee; was superin- tendent of the Washington and Republic iron companies; located iron mines in the Menominee and Vermillion ranges; and was interested in gold and silver mining in Colorado. In 1873 he was a Representa- tive in the state legislature, and a Senator in 1877. He was mayor of Negaunee in 1880, 1882 and 1883, and held other positions. In politics an ardent and leading Republican. He was a delegate to the national republican convention of 1876. After serving one term in congress he declined a second term. He acquired a large fortune and was a leading operator in mining property. In religion a Luth- eran. A man of decision of character, of a highly social nature, and liberal in charity. He died March 3, 1887. MARK S. BREWER, Of Pontiac, was born in Addison, Oakland county, Michigan, Octo- ber 22, 1837; received an academic education; worked on his father's farm until nineteen years of age; read law with ex-Governor Moses 120 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. Wisner and Hon. M. E. Crofoot, at Pontiac, Michigan; was admitted to the bar at Pontiac, in 1864, where he has since practiced, except when employed in the public service; was circuit court commissioner for Oakland county, 1866-9; was city attorney for the city of Pontiac, 1866-7; was elected to the Michigan State Senate in 1873-4, serving two years; was elected to the forty -fifth and forty-sixth congresses; was Consul-General at Berlin, Germany, from June 30, 1881, till June 8, 1885, and was elected to the fiftieth congress as a Republican, receiving 19,034 votes, against 17,148 votes for John H. Fedewa, Democrat and Greenbacker, and 3,427 votes for Azariah S. Partridge, Prohibitionist. WILLIAM W. BREWSTER Was bom in Waterloo, N. Y., April 11, 1820, and was a lineal descend- ant of Elder William Brewster, of the Mayflower. His childhood and youth were spent in different localities in New York state until 1837, when he moved to Medina, Michigan. Later he resided in Hills- dale county, and in Detroit, removing to Hudson in 1870, where he resided until his death, November 28, 1886. He was a scholarly man, a close student and constant reader. Leaving school from ill health at the age of fourteen he ultimately gained a fund of information seldom equalled by those who complete a college course. He was clerk of Hillsdale county. Representative in the legislature of 1859, deputy internal revenue collector at Detroit for three years, and for a considerable period recorder of Hudson. In politics a Republican, in religion a Presbyterian. Tolerant of opinions differing from his own, he was a self-reliant man and a consistent christian. HENRY P. BRIDGE Was born at Littleton, Massachusetts, in 1808. He came to Michigan in 1836 and settled at Grand Rapids, then called Kent. He was elected State Senator and served in that capacity in 1840-1. Meeting with pecuniary reverses, he went to Detroit in 1845, and formed the commission house of Bridge & Lewis, with Alexander Lewis for part- ner. This house became the leading one in that line of business in the state. He was the first president of the Detroit board of trade in 1856, and held that position three years, and on his retirement was elected a life member of the board. He was for several years col- lector of Detroit, and was so universally esteemed by all that he received the nomination of mayor, both from democratic and MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 121 republican parties. He was in politics a Democrat. He died January 20, 1884. CHARLES BRIGGS, Representative from Houghton county in 1879, was born at Cincin- natus, Cortland county, N. Y., November, 1837. He received an academic education, and came to Michigan from Wisconsin, August, 1864. Occupation, merchant. Politics, Republican. DANIEL B. BRIGGS, Of Romeo, ex-superintendent of public instruction, was born at Adams, Massachusetts, February 13, 1829. His parents were natives of that state. He received an academical education, and entered Williams College in 1844, graduating in 1848. He studied law and was admitted to practice in 1850. For three years he was principal of the high school in his native town, and also a member of the school committee. He removed to Romeo, Mchigan, in March, 1854, and entered upon the practice of law. In 1855 he became principal of the Dickinson Institute, formerly a branch of the State University, where he remained three years. In 1858-9-60 he was principal of the high school at Ann Arbor; then for five years held the same position at Jackson. In 1867 he returned to Macomb county and engaged in farming. In April, 1867, he was elected superintendent of schools for Macomb county, which position he held for four years. During his last official term he was president of the state association of county superintendents. He was director of the Romeo union school district for eight years; and was for many yeare secretary of the county agri- cultural society. In November, 1872, he was elected state superin- tendent of public instruction on the republican ticket, and was re-elected in 1874, retiring from the office January 1, 1877. In 1879 he became deputy secretary of state and held that position until 1883. He is a Republican in politics, a high minded, honorable man, and won for himself the regard of the people as a state officer. He is now a resident of Romeo. EDWARD L. BRIGGS, Representative from Kent county in 1873-4-5, was born in the town of Skaneateles, Onondaga county, N. Y., July 30, 1830. Mr. Briggs was educated in a common school. In 1834 his parents removed to Michigan and settled in Washtenaw county. In 1850 he removed to Grand Rapids, where he now resides. He was timber agent for the 14 122 MICHIGAN BIOGKAPHY. state land office from 1859 to 1865. Mr. Briggs' occupation is that of a farmer. GEORGE G. BRIGGS Was born in Wayne county, Mich., January 25, 1838. When young he became a clerk in a store at Battle Creek where he remained three years, afterwards for a time attending Olivet college. In 1862 he enlisted in the 7th Michigan Cavalry and served with his regiment in the army of the Potomac during the war, the resriment forming part of the Michigan Cavalry Brigade under General Custer and taking part in sixty-three battles. He was ])romoted from grade to grade, and became colonel of the regiment in 1864. At the close of the war his regiment was sent West and remained in Utah until late in 1865. He has since been a merchant and manufacturer. In 1868 he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention, and in 1869- 70 was Representative in the legislature from Grand Rapids. HENRY C. BRIGGS Was born June 29, 1831, at West Haven, Rutland county, Vt. His parents, Noah and Sarah (Kenyon) Briggs, removed to Michigan in 1836, and settled on a farm in Allegan county. He attended district school, and as a student first entered Kalamazoo College, and after- wards the State University. In 1856 he was elected clerk of Allegan county, and held the office four years. He was State Senator in 1861-2 and served one regular and one special session, when he resigned^ was admitted to the bar, and removed to Kalamazoo, where he served as prosecuting attorney for four years. In 1868 he was elected judge of probate of Kalamazoo county, and held the position for eight years. He has always taken a strong interest in religious and tem-.^ perance questions, and has aided in educational matters, especially! those relating to Kalamazoo College. He is a Republican, is a mem- ber of the Baptist church, and for many years was a Sabbath Bchool| superintendent. ROBERT V. BRIGGS Was born at Potter, Yates county, N. Y., August 12, 1837. He re- ceived an academic education, and at the age of nineteen commenced^ the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1858. In 1859 he came to Michigan, and commenced the practice of the law at St. Johns, and the next spring was elected village clerk. In the fall he, went to Mississippi and remained until the fall of 1861 when he re-J MICHIGAN BIOGEAPHY. 123 turned and settled at Wayne. In 1864 he removed to Wyandotte, where he engaged in practice. He has been justice of the peace, and many years city attorney. In 1869-70 he was a member of the House, and in 1871 and in 1873 was State Senator. In 1872 he was a delegate to the convention at Louisville, which nominated Charles O'Connor for president. Always a Democrat. ELI H. BlIISTOL, Representative from Oakland county in 1853, was born in Livingston county, N. Y., April 27, 1803. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Whig. Came to St. Joseph county, Mich., in 1835, removed to Com- merce, Oakland county, in 1846, died at Pontiac, July 29, 1871. For several terms a Supervisor. ROSWELL BRITTON, Representative from Kent county in 1835-6, was born in the State of Vermont, June 16, 1789, and died June 2, 1850. He came to Michi- gan in 1824, and settled in Kent county in 1834, where he built a saw- mill and operated it for a number of years, when he engaged in farming. Politically a Democrat. CALVIN BRITAIN Was born in Jefferson county, N. Y., in 1800, came to Michigan in 1827, and was the first settler in the town of St. Joseph, Berrien county. He was for a short time connected with the Carey mission^ He preempted land in 1827 and 1829, but the survey was not made by government until 1830. He remained a citizen of the town from 1829 until his death, January 18, 1862. He was one of the prominent men of Michigan in the pioneer days, and a member of the Legisla- tive Council from 1832 to 1835; State Senator in 1835, 1836 and 1837; Representative in the legislature in 1847, 1850 and 1851; and mem- ber of the Constitutional Convention of 1850. In 1852 he was Lieu- tenant Governor, during the first administration of Gov. McClelland. In politics a Democrat. Never married. He laid out the village of St. Joseph, first known as Newberry. MARTIN W. BROCK, Representative from the Second District of Bay county, in 1887, was born in Danby, Tompkins county. New York, July 21, 1838. His 124 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. early life was passed partly in New York and partly in Pennsylvania. He came to Michigan in 1856, remaining in Oakland county until October, 1865, when he removed to Bay county. Was elected alder- man of what was Lake City, afterwards Wenona, now West Bay City, and continued to hold that oflBce for four years; he was super- visor from 1871 to 1874. lie was elected sheriff of Bay county and held that office four years, was manager of the West Bay City Manu- facturing Company. He is also a farmer. In 1885 he was elected treasurer of the township of Monitor. He was married April 5, 1860, to Miss Sarah J. Armstrong, of New York. Mr. Brock was elected on the Republican ticket by a vote of 1,470 to 795 for McDougal, Democrat; 337 for Flynn, Greenbacker, and 66 for John Todd, Pro- hibitionist. WILLIAM H. BROCKWAY Was bom in Morristown, Orleans county, Vermont, February 24, 1813. In 1820 he removed with his parents to Malone, N. Y., where he worked with his father, who was a blacksmith, and had little opportunity for an education. He came to Detroit in 1831, and worked as a blacksmith in Dexter and Ypsilanti. Taught the first school in Dexter, then taught the Wyandot Indians at Flat Hock. Was licensed as a Methodist preacher in 1833, and had many loca- tions, including the Indian mission at Lake Superior. Was chaplain at Fort Brady for eight years. From 1848 to 1855 was financial agent of what is now Albion College, and its first success is largely due to his exertions. Since 1858 he has been largely engaged in real estate and general business. Was the contractor in building the division of the Lake Shore railroad from Jonesville to Lansing. He was State Senator in 1855; Representative in 1865, 1871-2; sergeant-at-arms of the senate in 1863; trustee of the village of Albion for many years and several years its president; trustee of Albion College for a long period and many years its treasurer; for sixteen months chaplain of the 16th Michigan Infantry; and is a member of many societies. His life has been one of unusual activity. At first a Democrat, he has - been a Republican since 1854. Resides at Albion. THORNTON F. BRODHEAD Was a member of the State Senate from the senatorial district of which the county of Oakland then formed a part (residence Pontiac), session of 1850 and from the fourth district, comprising a part of the county of Wayne, session of 1859. He was a native of New Hamp-j MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 125 shire, born 1822, and came to Pontiac when a stripling, residing with a brother there. In 1845 he was secretary of the State Senate, having previously served a year or two as assistant secretary of state. In the summer of 1846 he took a commission as lieutenant in a company formed at Pontiac for service in the Mexican war, and soon after reaching the field he was assigned to duty on the staff of Gen. Pierce, where he served until the close of the war. He subsequently removed to Detroit and was connected with the management of a daily paper there 1849-52. In 1853 he was commissioned by President Pierce as postmaster at Detroit, it may be presumed in recognition of the inter- course and acquaintance established during the Mexican campaign. He held the office during the Pierce administration, and at the close of his term took up his residence on Grosse Isle. Upon the breaking out of the civil war he sought service and was commissioned to raise the first regiment of Michigan Cavalry, of which he became Colonel. The regiment was assigned t again, 1879. He was active in 1855 in securing a prohibitory law, and was a strong anti-slavery man. In 1856 he was elected regent of the State University, serving six years. For six years he was president of the Schoolcraft and Three Rivers Railroad, and pushed it through to success. In religious persuasion he is a Baptist. He has perfected an incomplete education by hard -study, and as a classical scholar has translated the Greek odes of Horace, and written fine, original, descriptive poems. 130 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHT. GEORGE BROWN, Representative from Barry county in 1855, was an early settler in that county, and was a farmer. He was a member of the forces that turned out in the Toledo war. Died many years ago. GEORGE I. BROWN, Representative from Calhoun county in 1871-2, was born in Dutchess county, N. Y., in 1816. A Republican in politics, and a farmer by occupation. He came to Michigan in 1866, was a wealthy farmer, and a prominent officer and member of the Methodist church. He died in 1883. GEORGE W. BROWN Was born in Litchfield county, Conn., May 5, 1825. Learned the trade of a miller. He came to Michigan in 1833, resided in Concord and Jackson up to 1850. Went to Branch county, studied law and was admitted at Coldwater in 1852. Returned to Jackson in 1853, and resided there until 1861, when he removed to Sault Ste Marie, which has since been his home, except two years at Albion. As a Republican he was Representative in the Michigan House of 1859. In 1861 was appointed superintendent of the St. Mary's Falls Ship Canal, and held that position until 1865. Has been prosecuting attorney and circuit court commissioner of Chippewa county from 1868 to 1876; register of deeds and county clerk from 1876 to 1887. In politics now a Democrat. GILES W. BROWN, Senator from the Twenty-eight li District in 1881-2, comprised of Mid- land, Gratiot, Clare, Gladwin and Roscommon counties, was born at Green Oak, Livingston county, Mich., January 28, 1837. Having received an academic education at the Seminary and the Normal School at Ypsilanti, he engaged in teaching for several years. He graduated from the Law Department of the Michigan University in the spring of 1865, and was admitted to the bar in the same year, by the Supreme Couit, in session at Detroit. He removed to Ithaca, Gratiot county, in 1866, where he has since resided, practicing law a portion of the time. He held the office of County Superintendent of Schools from 1867 and 1871, and again from 1873 to 1875. He was renominated for the same office, when it was abolished. He has held several minor local offices, such as President of the village of MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 131 Ithaca, and Justice of the Peace. From 1876 to 1881 he was Judge of Probate of Gratiot county. As the Republican candidate for Rep- resentative, he was elected over Theron A. Johnson, National, and Mortimer H. Stanford, Democrat. HENRY B. BROWN Was born at Lee, Massachusetts, March 2, 1836. His father, Billings Brown, was a manufacturer, and his mother was a woman possessed of marked strength of character and clearness of perception. He graduated at Yale College in 1856, and devoted a year to study and travel in Europe. He entered Harvard law school and finished his law studies in the office of Walker & Russell, of Detroit. He was admitted to practice in 1860. He served for years as assistant United States district attorney, when he was appointed by Governor Crapo judge of the Wayne circuit, at that time the highest court of general law and chancery jurisdiction in Detroit. He gave general satisfaction in that position and in 1868 resumed his practice. In 1875 he was appointed United States circuit judge for the eastern district of Michigan, where he still remains. As judge he has met every expectation, and proved himself worthy of the position held by Ross Wilkins and John W. Longyear. In 1864 he married Caroline Pitts, daughter of Samuel Pitts. JOHN S. BROWN, Representative from Hillsdale connty in 1843, was born in Livingston county, N. Y., about 1810, and came to Michigan in 1838. He was a farmer and a Democrat. He removed from Michigan to the West in 1845. Nothing further is known of him. JOSEPH W. BROWN Was born in Falls township, Bucks county. Pa., November 26, 1793, was .of Quaker descent and the youngest of eleven children. In 1824 he removed to Tecumseh, Michigan, the village site having been bought by Brown, Evans & Wing. They erected the first saw mill in the county in 1825 and the first grist mill in 1826. In 1832 he was General in the Black Hawk war. From 1833 to 1837 he was largely engaged in the staging route between Detroit and Chicago. He was Regent of the University of Michigan in 1839 Among positions held by him were the following: Adjutant in regular cavalry of New York 132 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. veterans in 1847; Captain in 1818 and Lieutenant Colonel in 1819 of the 108th New York; first judge of Lenawee county, 1826; Colonel 8th Michigan militia, 1829; Commander of Michigan troops in the Toledo war; register of land office at Ionia, 1836; Brigadier General, He died at Tecumseh, Mich. , December 9, 1880. SAMUEL B. BROWN, Representative from Hillsdale county in 1877-9, was born in Pitts- town, Rensselaer county, N. Y., October 23, 1820. He was educated in the common schools, and removed to Michigan in 1862. In April, 1864, he settled in Ransom, Hillsdale county; in 1865 was elected jus- tice of the peace and held the office ten years. In 1 873 and 1874 he was chosen supervisor of the town. By occupation a farmer, in poli- tics a Republican. STEPHEN F. BROWN, Senator from the Tenth District, consisting of Kalamazoo and St. Joseph counties, was born in Loudon county, Va., December 31, 1819. When a lad of eleven years of age, he came with his parents to the township of Schoolcraft, Kalamazoo county, where he still resides- He was elected Representative in the State legislatures of 1857 and 1859. He was elected Senator in the State legislatures of 1861 and 1865. In 1885, after the lapse of twenty years, he was again in his seat in the Senate, having been elected thereto by a vote of 7,621, to 7,523 for Wm. Kirby. Fusionist, and 554 for John S. Kibbee, Prohib- tionist. Mr. Brown has been a farmer all his life-time and was elected the first Master of the State Grange, upon its organization, and then held the office of treasurer of that body continuously from the expiration of his term as master, until the annual meeting in December, 1884, when he declined another re-election. In politics a Republican. WILLIAM BROWN, A member of the Third and Fourth legislative councils from Wayne county, 1828-1832, was a physician by profession, but no information is obtainable as to his nativity or the time of his death. The records, however, show him to have been a man of marked prominence in the local councils. He was a trustee of the corporation of Detroit in 1805, was one of the signers of the protest against the British Gen- eral Proctor's order of expulsion in 1813, a director of the newly MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 133 organized bank of Michigan in 1818, county commissioner in 1820, and trustee of the University in 1821. Politically he was doubtless in sympathy with the prevailing sentiment of the time. WILLIAM G. BROWN Was born in Tompkins county, N. Y., March 9, 1821. In 1836 he came with his father and settled at Parma. He received most of his education in the State of New York. He has been supervisor of his town many years, and in 1867 was Representative in the legislature. Has been successful in business and owns one of the largest farms in Jackson county. In religion a Methodist, in politics a Republican. ELLERY A. BROWNELL, Representative from Lapeer county in 1867-9-70, was born in Genesee county, N. Y., March 7, 1816. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Republican. He settled in Metamora, Lapeer county, in 1838, and moved to Hadley, same county, in 1872, where he now resides. GEORGE BROWNELL, Representative from Oakland county in 1835-6, was born at New Lis- bon, N. Y., in May, 1802. He married Clarissa Grant and emigrated to Michigan in 1825, settling at Farmington, where he resided 31 years. Held the office of postmaster many years, was a Captain in the "Toledo war," and filled many minor positions. In 1856 he removed to Utica, Macomb county. He was appointed justice of the peace in 1833, and he held that position over forty years. Politically a Democrat. Died August 15, 1879. SEYMOUR BROWNELL, Senator from Macomb county in 1872, was born at Farmington, Michigan, February 27, 1837. He received a common school educa- tion a*id in 1856 became a merchant at Utica, Mich. He married Helen A. Lawrence in 1857. He was deputy postmaster four years, and postmaster from 1858 to 1861, at Utica, when he resigned, raised company "H" of the 2d Michigan cavalry, went into the field, was com- missary of subsistence, with the rank of captain, served on the staffs of several generals, and in 1864 became chief of subsistence on the staff of General Hunter. He resigned in 3864 and was brevetted colonel for meritorious services. Has been a supervisor, was one of 15 134 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. the directors of the Detroit & Bay City Railroad, and in 1872 built the first thirty miles of that road. In 1873 he removed to Lake Superior, and was manager of the Munising furnace and the Marquette brown stone quarry. In 1879 he was one of the purchasers of the Duluth blast furnace, the company purchasing another furnace and an iron mine in 1882. He sold out in 1884, removed to Detroit and engaged in the mercantile business. He was a delegate to the democratic national convention in 1868, and has been a member of the demo- cratic state committee. WILLIAM BROWNELL, Representative from Macomb county in 1857, 1861-2, was born at Farmington, Michigan, November 16, 1830. He was educated in dis- trict and select schools. He studied medicine and graduated in the class of 1852 at the Michigan University. He settled at Utica, Macomb county, and except three years in the army, was in practice there until his death, May 22, 1844. He married Jane K. Scudder in 1856, and they had three children, two now living. He was a prom- inent physician and surgeon, and had a large practice. He was for sixteen years a director of the Utica schools. He went out in 1861 as surgeon of the 2d Michigan cavalry, and served until the regiment was mustered out in the fall of 1864. In politics a Democrat. JOHN C. BRUNSON, Representative from Clinton county in 1873-4, was born in the town of East Bloomfield, Ontario county, N. Y., July 20, 1822. He received an academic education. In 1845 he removed to Michigan and settled in the town of Victor, Clinton county, where he still resides. He has held several oflBLces of public trust in his township. Mr. Brunson is a ; farmer by occupation. Was long postmaster at Victor. ELIJAH BRUSH, The first Attorney General of Michigan, was born in Bennington, Vt. in 1772. He graduated at Dartmouth college, studied law and set- tled in Detroit at an early day. He was Attorney General until 1809. He served in the war of 1812 as colonel, and was counsel in the first case to test the right to hold slaves in Michigan. He died Dec. 14, 1814. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 135 PHILIP H. BUCK Was born in Amherst, Erie county, N. Y., January 7, 1811. Removed to Sturgis Prairie, Michigan, in December, 1838. Bred a farmer, but became a merchant. He was several times a Whig can- didate for the legislature, and was elected to the House in 1849. WALTER A. BUCKBEE, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1838, was born in the state of Vermont, in 1807. He was educated in his native state, at an early age commenced the study of law, and was admitted to the bar prior to his coming to Ypsilanti in 1837, where he had purchased a fine residence property. He devoted himself to his profession. He died in 1850, leaving a wife and four children. PHILO H. BUDLONG, Representative from Calhoun county in 1875, was born in Herkimer county, N. Y., May 28, 1821. He removed to Michigan in 1835, and settled in the town of Eckford, Calhoun county, where he has since resided. He received a common school education. Mr. Budlong has filled two or three township offices, and that of supervisor for several years. By occupation a farmer and lumberman. In politics a Democrat. AHASUKRUS W. BUELL, Representative from Oakland county in 1863, was born at Northamp- ton, Fulton county, N. Y., November 25, 1819. He settled in Rose, Oakland county, in 1846, built the Buckhorn hotel and kept it for nearly two years, when he sold out. He built a store, was successful as a dealer in general merchandise, and also ran a small tannery, where buckskins were tanned and mittens made. He removea to Holly in 1854, opened the first store there, shipped the first car load of wheat over the Detroit & Milwaukee road to Detroit, and became a leader in business. Held various offices, including those of school director and supervisor. Politically a Republican. An ardent sup- porter of the Union during the war, he allowed a son under fourteen to enlist, and, being chided for it, said, "If I had a hundred sons old enough to carry a sword the}'^ should all fight for the American flag." While serving as a membei; of the House he died at Lansing, March 30, 1863. The eulogies of brother members testified to his excellent character, 136 MICHIGAN BIOGKAPHY. ALEXANDER W. BUEL. Mr. Buel's representative positions were as a member and speaker pro tern of the House of Representatives, session 1838, member and speaker pro tern 1848, again a member in 1859, and Representative in Congress 1849-50, having been elected in 1848. He was born in Poult- ney, Vt., in 1813, early manifested an aptness for study, and took the bachelor's degree in college at the age of sixteen, spending, there- after, some three years in teaching, in literary pursuits, and in legal studies. Coming to Detroit in 1834, he completed his law course in the office of the late Judge Witherell, ana was admitted to practice in the spring of 1835. His official career, except as above sketched, was confined to a term or two as prosecuting attorney of Wayne county (then by appointment), 1843-46, a further appointment having been declined. He also served as president of the Detroit Young Men's Society (1836) and as a member of the school board of the city. That he was so early and repeatedly honored with public trusts is evidence of his attainments and of the estimation in which he was held. He was defeated for a re-election to congress in 1850 by reason of the then rising anti-slavery feeling, he being a demo- crat and having supported in congress the so-called compromise measures of that year. He died in 1868. A very full biography of Mr. Buel, up to the year 1850, is found in the " United States Maga- zine and Democratic Review," for December of that year. EMMONS BUELL Was born m Newport, Sullivan county, N. H., February 15, 1821. Moved to Genesee county, N. Y., in 1850. Educated at the common schools and at Lima Seminary. By occupation a farmer. Read law for a time with Judge Hastings, of Rochester, N. Y. , but ill health compelled him to return to the farm. Was colonel of the 62d New York regiment in 1852. He moved to Cass county, Michigan, in 1854, and was state Senator from that county in 1863-4. Politics Republi- can. Now resides at Kalamazoo. HENRY S. BUELL, Representative from Oakland county in 1859, was born in Castleton, Vt., in 1821. A physician and surgeon by profession, in politics a Democrat. He first came to Michigan in 1836, went back to Vt. in 1840 and graduated at the medical college of Vermont in 1843, return- ing to Michigan the same year. He resides at Franklin, Oakland county, and is engaged in the practice of his profession. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. JOHN L. BUELL, 137 Representative from Menominee, Delta, Schoolcraft and Chippewa counties, in 1873-4, was born at Lawrenceburg, Indiana, Oct. 12, 1836; was reared a farmer, served in the Union army three years, removed to Michigan in 1S66, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Indiana and practiced at Menominee. . HORACE E. BUNCE, Representative from St. Clair county in 1861-3, was born in Windsor, Vt., June 18, 1820. He removed with his father's family to Desmond, now Port Huron, in 1825. In 1830 his father removed to Brownsville, N. Y., where the son worked on a farm until 1839. He attended the Black River Institute and was a teacher. In 1844 came back to Michigan and was in the employ of Z. W. Bunce and James Abbott at Clyde, St. Clair county, until 1849, when he with a brother bought out the firm, including a saw mill, grist mill and pine lands, and has since been engaged in lumbering and farming. Since 1863 has resided on a farm in Port Huron township. Has held many town offices. In politics, first a Whig, then a Republican. ZEPHANIAH W. BUNCE Was born at Hartford, Conn., in 1787. Both of his grandfathers, Bunce and Drake, were sea captains, owning their own vessels, and among the earliest settlers of Hartford. The famous Charter Oak was on the Bunce farm. His father while a student in Yale College enlisted on a privateer, aided in taking several prizes from the British, was taken prisoner and confined at Halifax, from which he escaped, and was disinherited. His father died when he was young, and he went to live with his grandmother Drake on the farm where the Con- necticut State house now stands. At the age of seventeen he went to work as a hatter, and earned money to send him to school. He went into the hatting business at Claremont, N. H., for three years, then went to Chester, Vt., for four years, then was in the dry goods trade at Albany, N. Y. In 1817 he came to Michigan, settled in St. Clair county, and was a member of the first legislative councils from 1824 to 1828. For many years he was judge of the county court of St. Clair county. When he first settled there were but nineteen families in St. Clair county. He lived on the same place at St. Clair for more than sixty years. He is still living at the age of a century of years, honored and respected. 138 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY, WILLIAM BURBANK, Representative from Oakland county, session of 1837, was born in the state of Maine in 1792. He was by occupation a furniture dealer ; in politics, first "Whig then Republican. He removed from Maine to New York in 1806, from that state to Missouri in 1820, and from Missouri to Michigan in 1822. He was for several years justice of the peace in the village of Rochester, where he died Jan'y 29, 1878. JOHN BURGH, Senatoi: ffom Monroe county in 1842 and 1843, was a native of Jef- ferson county. New York. He came to Monroe in 1834, where he followed the business of a warehouse man, and was in politics a Democrat. He w^as a supervisor, and treasurer of the city of Monroe. Died at Monroe. MARSDEN C. BURGH, Senator from Osceola, Lake, Mason, Manistee, Oceana, Newaygo and Mecosta counties in 1877, was born at Ganoga, Seneca county, New York, June 25, 1847. While he was quite young his parents removed to Waterloo in the same county. His education was obtained at Waterloo Academy, Falley Seminary, Fulton, New York, and Hobart College, Geneva, New York. He studied law in New York, attended one session of the law department of the Michigan University, and commenced the practice of his profession at Uochester, Oakland county, at the age of twenty-one. Two years afterward he removed to Hersey, Osceola county, was soon after appointed judge of probate by Gov. Baldwin to fill a vacancy, and was subsequently elected to the same office for the full term. He is a Republican in politics and was the youngest member of the Senate of the legislature of 1877. Since leaving the legislature he has been U. S. District Attorney of Western Michigan for several years, and is now in the practice of his profession at Grand Rapids. ANDREW L. BURK Was born in Giles county, Virginia, September 6, 1810. He removed to Preble county, Ohio, in 1824, and in 1828 emigrated to Cass county, Michigan. In 1836 he removed to a farm in Berrien, Berrien county. By occupation, a farmer ; in politics, a Democrat. He was a Repre- sentative in the legislature of 1849. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. - 139 WILLIAM BURKE, Representative in 1837 and 1838, was an associate county judge of Cass county from 1831 to 1836 and was a prominent citizen. JOHN L. BURLEIGH, Senator from Washtenaw county in 1877, was born in Middlesex county, Massachusetts, Oct. 15, 1842. He received a common school education, supplemented by instructions from a private tutor, and is a graduate of the law department of the Michigan University, He removed to Michigan in 1874. By profession a lawyer. Immediately after the attack on Sumter he entered the service as second lieutenant in a New York regiment. Within a year he was promoted to first lieutenant for general good conduct, and captaih for bravery on the field at Hanover Court House, May 27, 1862. He received several wounds ; was brevetted major, lieutenant colonel and colonel, was appointed lieutenant colonel of a new regiment, but on account of his wounds left the service, and commenced business in the West Indies. In consequence of impaired health he returned to New York, where he was engaged for several years in the commission business. He studied law. In politics a Democrat. Of late years has been an actor. WILLIAM BURNETT, Was born in Phelps, Ontario county. New York, December 21, 1809. His father was Gen. William Burnett, and his mother was a daughter of Gen. Granger, of Revolutionary fame. He was a farmer and set- tled with his family in Washtenaw county in 1833. Held all town offices. Was a justice of the peace, and in 1848 was Representative in the legislature. He died in Scio, October 8, 1856. He was treas- urer of the Washtenaw county agricultural society at the time of his death. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Whig. He was one of the best and most influential members ever sent from Washtenaw county. JAMES BURNS, Representative from Wayne county in 1873-4, was born in northern New York Nov. 10, 1810. Mr. Burns received a common school edu- cation. In 1834 he emigrated to Michigan, settling in Detroit. Mr. Burns was engaged from 1836 in the mercantile business and accumu- lated a fortune. Died several years since. 140 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHT. HENRY BURR, Representative from Isabella county in 1887, son of Ambrose and Mary Jones Burr, was born in Plymouth, Wayne county, Michigan, August 31, 1837. He assisted his father on the farm and received the advantages afforded by the common schools, until the breaking out of the late war, when he enlisted in Co. H, 1st Michigan Cavalry. He participated in three general engagements, the second battle of Bull Run, Gettysburg, and Winchester ; was wounded at Gettysburg. Early in J863 he was promoted to commissary sergeant and on Dec. 31, 1863, re-enlisted, and at Winchester was again wounded. In June, 1865, was discharged for disability, at St. Louis, Missouri, when he returned to this State. In 1866 he was married to Alice D. Jones, of Dexter, Washtenaw county. One year after this he removed to Jack- son county, remained two years, then moved to Pontiac. In 1869 he purchased 80 acres of heavily timbered land in Lincoln township* Isabella county. Here he experienced the trials and difficulties incident to pioneer life. Mr. Burr has held the offices of justice of the peace and supervisor and ear. A man of sound judgment, and noted as an arbitrator and peace-maker. Died at Grattan, Kent county, March 8, 1853. LEVI CAMBURN, Representative from Montcalm county in 1865 and 1867, was born in Lockport, N. Y., February 7, 1828. Occupation farming, politics Republican. He came to Michigan in 1832, first living at Tecumseh. Removed to Montcalm county in 1856, and was county treasurer from 1861 to 1865. Present residence, Clarion, Charlevoix county. ALEXANDER CAMERON Was bom in Deerfield, Oneida county, N. Y. , September 29, 1813, and is of Scotch descent. He was brought up to farm work and had a limited education. He acquired a skillful use of tools and in 1834 settled at Kalamazoo, Michigan,, working as a carpenter, also dealing in real estate and buying and selling live stock. In 1849 he went to California and engaged in gold mining. He has held many local 148 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. oflSces and from 1869 to 1873 was Representative in the legislature and a leading member. He was first a Whig, a Republican from 1854. THEODORE J. CAMPAU, A member of the house, session 1859, was the son of Joseph Campau. He was born April 26, 1825, and was educated at Notre Dame college, Ind. Although an active Democrat, he was not an aspirant for political honors, his official life being comprehended by his term in the legislature and by one or two nominal appointments under the city government. Died March 10, 1875. ABNER E. CAMPBELL, Representative from Calhoun county in 1848, was born at Camillus, N. Y., in 1811. By profession a lawyer, in politics a Democrat. He located at Battle Creek in 1842, and established a large and lucrative law business. Was an able lawyer, and a genial, cultivated gentle- man. Died August 2, 1856. ALLEN CAMPBELL, Representative from Oakland connty in 1875, was born in Scotland in 1817, removed to this country in 1837, taking up his residence first at Paterson, N. J., and afterwards at Stockport, N. Y. He received a common school education. In 1834 he went to sea from New Bed- ford, Mass., and filled all positions on shipboard from boy to master. He was master of a United States transport during the Mexican war. He came to Michigan in 1847, and* purchased and improved the farm in Groveland, Oakland county, upon which he now resides. He has held various township offices. In politics a Democrat. BRADFORD CAMPBELL Was bom in Campbell, N. Y., in 1803. He emigrated to Canton, Michigan, in 1827, lived there two years, removed to Nankin, Wayne county, where he kept hotel on the old Chicago road for six years. He then removed to Hamburg, Livingston county, where he ensraged in milling, wool carding, cloth dressing, and farming. Representa- tive in the legislature of 1849, MICHIGAK BIOGKAPHY. 149 DANIEL CAMPBELl Senator from the twenty-fifth district, Arenac and Bay counties, in 1887, was born in Caithness-shire, Scotland, in 1836, has been a resi- dent of Michigan since 1861. By occupation a builder. He has been a member of the city council. Was elected to the Senate of 1887-8 on the Greenback and Republican ticket by a vote of 4,615 to 3,518 for B. M. Wright, Democrat, and 154 for Brent Harding, Pro- hibitionist. JAMES H. CAMPBELL, Representative from the second district of Calhoun county in 1879-81- 2, was born November 12, 1850, in the township of Lee, Mich. His education was received in the common schools. Mr. Campbell is by profession a lawyer, and was admitted to the bar in 1872. He was city recorder of Marshall five years, from 1866, to 1870, inclusive; city attorney in 1873, in 1876, and 1879. As Republican candidate in 1878 he was elected Representative. He was re-elected in 1880 by a vote of 1,425, to 1,077 for David Furlong (Democrat), and 160 for Wm. S. Simons (National). JAMES VALENTINE CAMPBELL Was born in Buffalo, N. Y., February 25, 1823. His father, Henry Campbell, was a merchant who brought his family to Detroit in 1826, and who held in New York, and afterwards in Michigan, the position of county judge. The son was educated at Flushing, L I., and gradu- ated at St. Paul's college in July, 1841. He was admitted to the bar at Detroit in October, 1844. In 1857, upon the establishment of the present Supreme Court, he was elected one of the judges, and has held the office ever since. He has "ever been closely identified with the advancement of educational and refining influences, especially in Detroit, where he was president of the young men's society in 1848, and a member of the board of education for several years. In 1859 he was chosen Marshall professor of law in the law department established that year in the University of Michigan, and he held the cliair for many years. He received the degree of doctor of laws from that University in 1866, being the first of a very few eminent men upon whom the University has conferred the degree. In 1876 he pub- lished his " Outlines of the Political History of Michigan." He was a Whig so long as the whig party maintained a political existence, and has since been a Republican. In 1886 he was again elected for eight years, and should he serve out his term will have been a judge of the 150 KICHIQAN^ BIOGRAPHr. Supreme Court continuously for thirty-eight years. No man is more universally loved and respected by the people of Michigan. MILO D. CAMPBELL, Representative from the first district of Branch county in 1885, was born at Quincy, Branch county, Michigan, on the 25th day of Octo- ber, 1851. Is a graduate of the high school at Coldwater, Michigan, and of the state normal school at Ypsilanti. At twenty -one years of age he was elected to the office of superintendent of the schools of Branch county. Has since been twice elected a member of the board of school examiners of said county, and three times electfed secretary of such board. He has also held the office of circuit court commis- sioner two terms. Studied law with Loveridge & Barlow, of Coldwater, Michigan, and was admitted to practice in 1877. Since his admission to the bar he has been in the active practice of his profession. Is a Republican, and was elected to the legislature by a vote of 1,898, against 1,721 votes received by his opponent, Eli Wakeman, who was the fusion nominee of the democrats, greenbackers and prohibition- ists. Mr. Campbell was appointed private secretary to Governor Luce January 1, 1887, and now fills that position. ISRAEL CANBY, Representative from Cheboygan, Emmet, and Charlevoix counties in 1883, was born in Logan county, Ohio. "Was raised on a farm and received a common school education. Soon after he became of age he took charge of a railroad freight and ticket office, continuing in that occupation three years. He then engaged in the milling business until the war of the rebellion. In April, 1861, he enlisted, and was elected captain of his company; the company was assigned to the 23d Ohio volunteer infantry. After serving three years and four months was mustered out by reason of expiration of term of service. He then engaged in various occupations with varied success, until the year 1872. In the spring of 1875 moved to Emmet county and took a homestead, where he resided three years. Was elected three times supervisor, also two terms county treasurer. Was elected on the republican ticket member of the legislature from his district. Deceased. LUCIUS H. CANFIELD, Representative from Macomb county in 1877, was born in Chester, Conn. In 1838 he came with his parents to Chesterfield, Macomb i MICHIGAN^ BIOGRAPHY. 151 county, Michigan, where he remained, working on a farm and receiving a common school education. Afterwards worked at the mason trade ten years, and after his father's death resumed farming, which he still pursues. In 1868 he removed to the village of New Haven and was chosen supervisor for six successive terms. In poli- tics a Democrat. WILLIAM CANFIELD, Senator from Macomb county in 1857-8-9, was born in Saybrook, Conn., May 26, 1809. Educated in the schools of Hartford and became a clerk at the age of sixteen. He settled as a merchant at Mt, Clemens, Mich., in 1829, and married Ann, daughter of Judge Clemens, in 1830. He was appointed sheriff of Macomb county in 1832, and was a brigadier general of state militia. In 1835 he settled on a farm near Mt. Clemens, where he died in 1877. He was an olfi- cer in both county and state agricultural societies, and from 1862 to 1865 assistant assessor of internal revenue. In politics a Republican. STEPHEN CANIFF Was born in KnoUsville, N. Y., May 30, 1816. When a young man he taught winters and worked at farming summers. He settled on a farm in Pittsford, Hillsdale county, in 1836. In 1843 he sold out and bought a farm in Litchfield, where he resided until his death, November 23, 1876. He was a Republican. In 1867 a Representative in the legislature. ELLERY C. CANNON, Representative from the Osceola district, comprising the counties of Missaukee and Osceola, was born in Macomb county, Mich., Decem- ber 28, 1842. 1 \e obtained his education in district schools. He has been an active citizen of Osceola county since the fall of 1871, and is at present engaged in the mercantile business at Evart. He served his country three years in the late war, being a member of Company B, twenty-second Michigan infantry. He has represented his town- ship on the board of supervisors, and for three consecutive years was the chairman of that honorable body. -Has held man}'- minor offices. He was elected Representative for 1885-6, and re-elected for 1887-8, receiving 1,801 votes to 1,102 for G. R. Andrew, Democrat, and 333 for M. L. Stevans, Prohibitionist. 153 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. JAMES OAPLIS, Representative from Wayne county in 1873-4, and Senator in, 1881-2, was born in Burncourt, Ireland, March 28, 1841. He received a com- mon school education. He emigrated to the United States in 1854, and subsequently settled in Detroit. In 1857 he was station master for the Great Western railroad. He was also employed in the same capacity in 1858-9, for the Detroit & Milwaukee railroad. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1862. He still continues in the practice of his profession and deals in real estate. Has been prose- cuting attorney of Wayne county. EZRA C. CARLETON, Of Port Huron, was born at St. Clair, Michigan, September 6, 1838. He remained upon his father's farm and attended the district school until 1856, when he entered a more advanced school at Port Huron. In 1859 he began as clerk in mercantile business. He engaged with Wm. Stewart, hardware merchant, in 1863, and four years later became partner with Mr. Stewart and Peter B. Sanborn. After ten years of successful business the firm was changed to Sanborn, Carle- ton & Co. In 1881, Mr. Carleton became the head of the firm. He was elected mayor of Port Huron in 1881, and was chairman of the Port Huron fire relief committee in the same year. He was elected to the United States congress in 1882 on the fusion ticket. In 1884 he was elected on the fusion ticket over three opposing candidates, by the following vote: Carleton, 14,535; Edgar Weeks, republican, 12,316; O'Brien J. Atkinson, anti-monopolist, 1,096; John Russell, prohibitionist, 1,008. Served from 1883 to 1887. PALMER S. CARLETON, Representative from St. Clair county in 1879, was born in Hoosick, N. Y., November 29, 1831. He removed to St. Clair, Michigan, in 1866. He received an academic education, and spent ten winters teaching school. Has held the office of supervisor in his township for nine years, and has been chairman of the board three years. Was appointed delegate to represent his county on the board of state equalization in 1866. Occupation farmer. Politics democratic. ADBERN D. CARLTON, Representative from Eaton county in 1885, was born in Pittsfleld, Michigan, February 18, 1846. Remained with his parents on a farm MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 153 until he was fourteen years of age. In 1864 he enlisted in the tenth Michigan cavalry, company D. Remained in the regiment until the close of the war. Upon being discharged he came to Windsor, Eaton county, where he worked on a farm summers and attended school winters until 1869. He engaged in farming for himself where he resides, in Windsor. He has held the office of supervisor for six successive years. ISRAEL E. CARLTON, Representative in 1865 and Senator in 1867 from Oceana county, and Senator from Muskegon county in 1869 and 1870, was born in New Hampshire, March 26, 1819, and died March 28, 1871. By occupa- tion a lumberman, politically a Republican. The exact date of his first residence in Michigan is unknown. He was a practical business man, and as a legislator was a man of tact and influence. SHERLOCK H. CARMER, Representative from the first district of Ingham county in 1881-2, was born January 29, 1842, in Portage county, Ohio. His parents were formerly from New Jersey. He was in active business from his youth up, and held many positions of trust, both public and private. He came to Lansing, Mich., in 1869, engaged in mercantile business, and went from that into milling. He was senior member of the firm of Carmer, Parmelee & Co., ''Capital Mills," Lansing. A Democrat. Deceased. CHARLES K. CARPENTER Was born in Hornellsville, N. Y., January 23, 1826. In 1837 he came with his parents to Orion, Oakland county, and worked clearing land and in a saw mill, receiving only six months schooling after he was ten years of age. By occupation a farmer. He helped organize the Oakland county agricultural society, was president two years, and a director twenty years. He was also director of the Detroit & Bay City railroad. He, as a Democrat, was Representative in the legisla- ture of 1859. Since 1861 he has not acted with the democrats, but has been a leader in the prohibition party, and has been a candidate at various times for governor, auditor general and presidential elector on that ticket. 154 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHT. DAVID CARPENTER Was bom at Potsdam, N. Y., April 19, 1815. He received an academ- ical education, taught school two winters, and in 1836 came to Toledo, Ohio, and was first a clerk, then engaged in the grocery and baking business. In 1838 he removed to Blissfield, Michigan, and became the junior member of the firm of G. &D. Carpenter, merchants. He also owned a large farm. He was engaged in mercantile business until 1858. In 1867 he became a member of the state board of agri- culture, and held the position several years. In 1867 he again went into mercantile business as the head of the firm of Carpenter & Brown, and with Mr. Furnam built the first brick block at Blissfield. He has also been interested in *' Bay View," the summer resort near Petoskey; has built a residence there, purchased a large farm, and invested largely in real estate. GUY CARPENTER, Representative from Lenawee county in 1843, was born in Potsdam, N. Y., December 13, 1809. Received an academical education, studied higher mathematics and civil engineering, and came to Michigan in 1830. Taught school, and from 1832 to 1835 was a farmer, then became a merchant at Blissfield, continuing in that business until his death in 1849. Held the office of supervisor, justice and county commissioner. An anti-slavery Democrat. As a legis- lator drafted the first law for the drainage of swamps, marshes, and other low lands. JOEL CARPENTER, Senator from Lenawee county in 1859, '61-2, was bom in Potsdam, N. Y., September 3, 1818. Graduated from St. Lawrence academy in 1837. Came to Adrian, Mich., in 1838, read law and was admitted! to the bar in 1842. Was a Whig, but in 1841 with others, organized the anti-slavery party in Lenawee county. He was a delegate to the free soil convention at Buflfalo in 1848. Became a .Republican in 1854. Has been supervisor and postmaster of Blissfield, deputy U. S. assessor, enrolling officer during the war, census enumerator, and was an alternate delegate to the Chicago republican convention in 1880. MANSON CARPENTER, Senator from the sixth district, Lenawee county, in 1885, and Repre- sentative in 1879, 1881-2, was born in the township of Greenfield, MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 155 Saratoga county, N. Y. , October 2, 1830. With his parents he came to Woodstock, Lenawee county, in 1836, and has resided there ever since. His education was principally obtained in the common schools. He has held various township offices, including that of supervisor for two years. His occupation is that of a farmer. He was elected to the senate on the republican ticket, by a vote of 5,794, to 5,454 for Charles H. Dewey, Fusionist, 1,159 for Z. Cook, Prohibi- tionist. WILLIAM E. CARPENTER, Representative from the second district of Oakland county in 1883, was born August 18, 1849, in the township of Waterford, Oakland county, Michigan. He attended district school winters until 1869, when he entered the state normal school at Ypsilanti, continuing there two terms. Since then he has taught school ten terms. Mr. Carpenter is now engaged in farming. He was elected to the house of representatives as a Democrat. NATHAN T. CARR . Was by trade a printer and a Republican in politics. He published a republican paper at Midland City for some years, and was a mem- ber of the legislature from Midland county in 1859. He removed from Midland City in 1862 or 1863, went into the army, and after- wards resided in Indiana. Reported deceased. WILLIAM S. CARR Was born in Columbia county, N. Y., in 1808, came to Michigan in 1833, and settled in Manchester, Washtenaw county. In 1840, as a Whig, was a Representative in the legislature. Since that time has been a Democrat. He was a member of the constitutional conven- tion of 1850. Has been justice of the peace, supervisor and council- man. He still resides at Manchester, Michigan. HARLEIGH CARTER, Representative from Macomb county in 1845 and 1850, was an attor- ney and was admitted to the Macomb county bar in 1837. His resi- dence was at Utica, Macomb county. He was appointed United States judge in one of the western, territories, and died there. He was long a justice of the peace at Utica, and was prosecuting attorney of Macomb county from 1842 to 1844. 156 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. JOHN CARTER, Representative from Livingston county in 1873-4, was born in Queen's county, Ireland, October 10, 1830, and recived a common school education. In 1845 he emigrated to the United States and settled at Amboy, N. Y. In 1848 he emigrated to Michigan and settled in Milford, Oakland county. , In 1856 he removed to Brighton, where he now resides. He has held the position of justice of the peace 18 years, and has been supervisor four years. By occupation a farmer. RICHARD B. CARUSS, Representative from Clinton county in 18:^1-2, was born in Stafford, N. Y., February 3, 1828. In May, 1833, he moved with his parents to Commerce, Oakland county, and worked on his father's farm until March, 1858. Having married in 1857, he removed to Farm- ington. In 1861 he enlisted in company '*D," second Michigan infantry, and participated in many battles. He was prostrated by sun-stroke, and was discharged on account of disability. He re. turned in 1864, and removed to Clinton county, where he now resides. His business is farming and stock-raising. JOHN CARVETH, Senator from the thirteenth district in 1885, consisting of Barry and Eaton counties, was born at Saranac, Ionia county, Michigan, March 13, 1841. He was formerly a teacher, but is now a lawyer, the senior member of Carveth & liendrick, of Middleville, Barry county. He was elected to the senate by a vote of 6,849, to 6,549 for John Dawson, Fusionist, and 886 for Chas. G. Bentley, Prohibitionist. ARTHUR T. CASE, Representative from the Leelanaw district in 1885-'87, comprising the counties of Benzie and Leelanaw, was born at Andover, Ohio, Octo- ber 6, 1835. He had been a resident of Michigan twenty-five years. Held the offices of county superintendent of schools four years, county clerk and register six years, supervisor fifteen years, and justice of the peace seventeen years. He was elected Representative as a Repub- lica.n by a vote of 1,169 to 1,001 for Lawrence W. Crane, and 5 for Cyrel Tyler, Prohibitionist. Died April, 1888. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 15? BARNABAS CASE, State Senator in 1851 from Washtenaw county, was born November 19, 1799, in Livingston county. New York. He came to Michigan in 1833, aud settled at Manchester, Washtenaw county. He was a farm- er and distiller, and in politics a Democrat. He was supervisor of Manchester in 1843 and 1849, and was postmaster. DANIEL L. CASE, Auditor General in 1859-60, was born in 1811, near Three Rivers, Canada, where his father was stopping for a time. He studied law with Wm. X Moody at Penfield, N. Y., and came with Mr. Moody to Jackson, Mich., in 1834. In 1836 he went to Louisiana and Texas, practicing law in both states. In 1843 he settled in practice at Mason, Mich., and was prosecuting attorney of Ingham county for three terms. In 1845 engaged in mercantile business which he removed to Lansing in 1847, where he now resides. In 1851 he was elected a Representative from Ionia county, while temporarily living at Port- land. He was a Democrat until 1856, then wrote a powerful address, giving his adhesion to the republican party, and became a party leader, and a most effective stump speaker. In 1864 he was appointed paymaster in the army with the rank of major, which he held until after the close of the war. Since has been a merchant, but now resides on a farm. Has held many honorary positions, and is now a trustee of the institute for the blind, at Lansing, and resident man- ager. GEORGE F. CASE Was born in Franklin county, Vt., January 20, 1880. He removed with his father's family to Jackson, Michigan, in 1846; and in 1850 engaged in the lumber business at Greenville. He went to Stanton in 1863 and continued the same business. He has been twelve years a supervisor, was two years clerk of Montcalm county, and has filled other local offices. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1867. In politics a Republican. JAMES A. CASE, Representative from the district comprising the counties of Alpena, Montmorency, and Presque Isle, ipi 1885, was born at Farmersville, Ontario, July 29, 1832. Came to Michigan in 1852, and resided for a number of years in Shiawassee county. Removed to Alpena in 1864, 17 tr)8 . MICHIGAN BIOGKAPHY. Resides in the township of Alpena, where he follows the occupation of a farmer. At one time edited the Alpena County Pioneer, of which paper he was the first editor. He has held the offices of justice of the peace, township treasurer, member of the board of education, and superintendent of the county poor. Was elected supervisor of the township of Alpena five years in succession, during which time he was twice chosen chairman of the board of supervisors. He was appointed by the board a delegate to represent his county at the meet- ing of the state board of equalization in 1881. As a Republican can- didate for Representative he received 1,518 votes, and his opponent, George J. Kobinson, Fusionist, received 1,471 votes. OVID N. CASE, Elected to the legislature of 1887, never took the oath of office. He died on the 26th December, 1886. He undouDtedly would have received the union nomination for speaker and have been one of the foremost members of this House, as he had been of preceding ones, had he lived to participate in its deliberations. He was thirty-three years old at the time of his death. He was born at Windsor, Ashta- bula county, Ohio, November 13, 1853. After receiving a common school education he removed to Lenawee county, Michigan, where for some years he worked on his father's farm. He was married in 1872. In 1875 he graduated froai Adrian college. The same year he became superintendent of schools for Cambridge, and later he entered upon the study of law in the office of Stacy & Underwood at Adrian. He began the practice of his profession at Vermontville, Eaton county, in 1877. The following year he came to Detroit, where he rose to a high place at the bar, and to a commanding political posi- tion. He was elected successively to the legislatures of 1883, 1885, and 1887, serving with distinction in those of 1883 and 1885. SPALDING M. CASE, Representative from Livingston county in 1851, was born in Oswego county, N. Y., November 7, 1813. By occupation a merchant, in politics first a Democrat then a Republican. He came to Michigan in 1837. He was four terms supervisor of the town of Brighton. Died June 18, 1867. LEWIS CASS Was bom in Exeter, New Hampshire, October 9, 1782. His ances- tors were early settlers in New England. His father was a commis- MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 159 sioned oflScer in the revolutionary army, participated in the battles of Bunker Hill, Saratoga, Trenton, Princeton, Monmouth and German- town, and was afterwards a major in Wayne's army. In 1799 he removed to Marietta, Ohio, finally settling in the vicinity of Zanes- ville, where he died in 1830. General Cass was educated at an academy in Exeter, N. H., and studied law at Marietta, under Governor Meigs. In 1806 he was elected to the Ohio legislature, was one of a committee to investigate the enterprise of Colonel Burr, and drafted a law which enabled the authorities to arrest his force on their passage down the Ohio. He also drafted an address to President Jefferson which unfolded the views of the legislature on the subject. In 1807 he was appointed U. S. Marshal of Ohio, which office he resigned in 1813. In 1812 he volunteered his services to the force called out to join the army under General William Hull, and was elected colonel of the 3d regiment of Ohio volunteers. He marched with his regiment through the trackless wilderness to Detroit, where he urged an immediate invasion of Canada, headed the advanced detachment and wrote the proclamation of Gen. Hull to the inhab- itants. History proves that he was in no way responsible for the vacil- lating course of Hull, nor was he present at the capitulation. After the surrender he went to Washington and made a report to the gov- ernment. The next spring he was appointed colonel of the 27th infan- try, and was soon after promoted to brigadier general. He joined the army of Gen. Harrison, was present in the pursuit of Proctor, and participated in the triumph at the Moravian towns. At the end of the campaign he was left in command of Michigan, with headquarters at Detroit. On the ninth of October, 1813, he was appointed governor of the territory of Michigan, which he held until July, 1831, when he be- came secretary of war under President Jackson. During these eight- een years he stamped the impress of his mind on the institutions of Michigan. He negotiated many Indian treaties by which settlers were enabled to become possessors of the soil. He found a small population stiuggling with poverty, and without resources. He left it with a well spread population in a state of peace and prosperity. He filled the cabinet position to which he had been called with tact and skill, and when a contest arose between the civil and military power, always placed civil authority above the military. In October, 1836, he was appointed minister to France, which he held until December, 1842. By the force of ,argument and the weight of char- acter he was able to break the treaty, already partly signed, between England, France, Russia, Austria and Prussia, which would hav© 160 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. made England mistress of the seas by giying her the right of search. In 1844 he was the leading democratic candidate for president, at the Baltimore convention, and received 125 votes, but was defeated by Polk. The same year he was elected United States Senator from Michigan, took his seat in 1845, and was chairman of the military committee. In the settlement of the Oregon boundary, he to the last adhered to the line of fifty-four degrees and forty minutes, finally settled at forty-nine degrees. In 1848 he was nominated as the Democratic candidate for presi- dent, but was defeated by General Taylor. The free soilera, under the lead of Martin Van Buren, largely contributed to this result. In the democratic national convention of 1852 he at first received the most votes, but the choice ultimately fell on General Pierce. He was re-elected Senator in 1849 to fill balance of term, also in 1851 and served until 1857. By the natural rise of real estate owned by him in Detroit, he became possessed of a large fortune in those days, and was hospitable and highly esteemed in social as well as political life. He was secretary of state under President Buchanan from March 4, 1857, to December, 1860, when he resigned, not agreeing with Buchanan and a portion of the cabinet, in their failure to make efforts to avert civil war and the division of the federal republic. He resided thereafter at Detroit until his death in July, 1866. It is just to his memory to say that he was devoted to the interests of the territory and state, and will always hold a leading place in the hearts of her people. LEMUEL CASTLE, Representative from Shiawassee county in 1840-41, was born in Gen- esee county, N. Y., May 2, 1793. He received a common school education, enlisted as a sergeant in the war of 1812, took part in several battles and became a captain. In 1820 he settled on a farm in Bloomfield, Mich., and was seven terms supervisor, also many terms a justice. He was a lieutenant in the militia in 1827. In 1837 he settled on a large farm in Shiawassee, Mich., and was again supervisor and justice. Died October 28, 1882. JOHN G. CATHCART, Representative from St. Joseph county in 1840, was born in Watsons- town, Pa., January 1, 1799. His father and grandfather were both soldiers in the revolution. He settled on a farm in Constantine» Michigan, in 1831, and was the first supervisor of the township, MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 161 serving in 1837-8 and 9. He was a county commissioner in 1839. politics a Democrat. In VOLNEY W. CAUKIN, Representative from Kent county in 1857, was born in the state of New York, June 35, 1819. By occupation a farmer and land sur- veyor, in politics a Democrat up to 1848, a free soiler until 1854, since a Republican. Has lield nearly all township offices and those of county surveyor and deputy U. S. surveyor. He came to Macomb county, Mich., in 1831, and from 1844 to 1884 was a resident of Kent county. In 1884 he became a resident of Jordan, Antrim county where he still resides. MERRIT N. CHAFEY, Representative from the counties of Manistee and Mason in 1873, was born in Attica, N. Y. He received an academic education. In 1861 he enlisted as a private in the 5th New York cavalry, and partici- pated in many battles. In 1864 he received a first lieutenant's com- mission. Was mustered out of service June, 1865. In 1866 he emigrated to Michigan, and settled in Free Soil, Mason county, and now resides in Grant. He is a farmer, and has held various offices of trust in both town and county. ELI B. CHAMBERLAIN. Representative from the Chippewa district, comprising the counties of Alger, Chippewa, Mackinac and Schoolcraft, in 1887, was born in Oxford county, Ontario, in 1834. He has been a resident of Michigan thirty-two years. He is at present engaged in the real estate busi- ness, and was formerly county surveyor. As republican candidate for the legislature, he received 2,080 votes, to 1,976 for J. W. Thomson. HENRY CHAMBERLAIN Was born at Pembroke, N. H., March 17, 1834. He received an academical education. In 1836 he became a clerk at Concord, N. H. He removed with his father to Three Oaks, Mich. , in 1843, and in 1854 became a merchant, but was also engaged in farming. He was supervisor from 1845 to 1851, and has often held that office since tha^ time. He was Representative in 1849. In politics a Democrat. He has been several times a democratic candidate for congress and for other offices, and in 1873 was a candidate for elector, and in 1874 162 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. was the democratic nominee for governor, and the result was very close. As a Mason, he was grand master of the grand lodge in 1872. He was a member of the semi-centennial commission in 1886, and presided at the meetings held in the hall of representatives, June 15, 1886. In 1883 he was appointed a member of the state board of agriculture for six years, and gives much time to the interests of the state agricultural college. He has often been a delegate to state and national conventions. A man of fine presence, practical ability, energy, and of strict integrity. WILLIAM CHAMBERLAIN, Representative in 1871-2-3-5, and Senator from Berrien county in 1877-'79, was born in Pembroke, N. H., February 7, 1834. Educated at Concord, and came to Michigan with his father in 1843, and now resides at Three Oaks. In business, for many years, a merchant, in politics a Republican. Has been postmaster, and was superintendent of the poor for twenty years, and has held other local offices. He was president pro tern, of the Senate in 1879, and has been president of the state agricultural society. Is an authority in agricultural matters. SAMUEL CHAMBERLIN Was born in Amherstburg, Canada West, September 15, 1820. He came to Michigan in 1821, where he made his home until 1863. He now resides at Waupun, Wisconsin. He was long a resident of Pontiac, Michigan, and was a Representative from Oakland county in 1855. By occupation a merchant, in politics a Democrat. Was in the service of government for eight years. Has been a hardware merchant since 1863. Is now postmaster of Waupun, Wisconsin. FITZWILLIAMS H. CHAMBERS Was born in 1832, and was educated partly in New York and partly in Canada. He commenced the study of law in 1849, and was ad- mitted to the law society of Upper Canada after undergoing a classi- cal examination at Osgoode hall. Having completed the five years' service required in an attorney's office, in 1855, after examination by the benchers of the law society, he was duly enrolled as a barrister at law. In the same year he married Margaret Hervey, at Ogdensburg, N. Y. In 1863 he was elected by the liberal party, to a seat in the Canadian parliament, which he held four years. He is a member of the New York and Cliicago bars. In 1872 he was elected prosecuting MICHIGAN BIOGEAPHY. 163 attorney for Wayne cou ity by 3,800 majority, and was renominated by acclamation in 1874. In 1879 he was appointed by Governor Croswell, on recommendation of the bar, irrespective of party, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Judge Reilly. In 1880 he was elected to the same office by a majority of 1,400. Term expired December 31, 1887. ELISHA P. CHAMPLIN Came to Michigan in 1824, and located at Tecumaeh, where he stayed two years and returned to New York. He again came to Tecumseh in 1830, and remained there until 1834, when he sold out and removed to Jonesville, engaging in the mercantile business with George C. Munro, and built a block of stores. He retired from business in 1851. He owned a farm east of the village. He was postmaster from 1840 to 1844. He was Representative in 1838 and 1840, and State Senator in 1841 and 1842. In politics a Whig. Died in 1855. JOHN W. CHAMPLIN Was born at Kingston, Ulster county, N. Y., February 7, 1831. He was the son of Geoffrey and Ellis Champlin, and a descendant of Geoffrey ChampUn, who came from England to Rhode Island in 1768. His father was a farmer and he lived at home until twenty-one. He received an academical education, took a course of civil engineering and commenced the practice of that profession. In 1854 he came to Grand Rapids, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1855. In 1857 he drew up the city charter of Grand Rapids, and has been recorder, attorney and mayor of that city. As a practitioner he attained high standing, and enjoyed a large and lucrative practice. In 1883 he received the democratic nomination for Justice of the Supreme Court, was elected, and became a member of that court on the 1st of January 1884, having been elected for eight years. He brought to that position a high character for integrity, a wide knowledge of the law and the difficulties attending the administra- tion of justice. He enjoys the confidence of the people of the state. In 1856 he married Ellen Moore, and is the father of three children. In religion an Episcopalian and a member of that church. In 1887 the degree of LL. D. was conferred upon him by the University of Michigan. GEORGE CHANDLER, Representative, session of 1851, was born in Granville, N. Y., May 16, 1800. By occupation a wagon maker, in politics a Democrat. He 164 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. came to Romeo in 1845, and held the positions of postmaster and justice of the peace. He died February 18, 1867. His three sons graduated at the state University. JOSEPH H. CHANDLEll, Senator from the thirty-second district in 1881-2, consisting of Houghton, (mtonagon, Keweenaw, and Isle Royal counties, was born at Niles, Cayuga county, N. Y., July 30, 1843. He came to Michigan in 1857, and resided in Washtenaw county until 1868; then went to Houghton county. In 1863 he went into the army and served until 1866. He was admitted to the bar in 1869, at Houghton. He held the office of prosecuting attorney for Houghton county for two terms, and was collector of customs for the district of Superior for three years. Now in Chicago, ZACHARIAH CHANDLER Was born in Bedford, N. H., Dec. 10, 1813, and with the advantages of a common school education, became a resident of Detroit in 1833. He engaged in trade ana in a few years the firm of which he was the head became the leading wholesale dry goods house in Michigan. In politics a Whig, and strongly anti-slavery in his sentiments, he soon became a leading politician, more through the action of his friends than from personal ambition. He was elected mayor of Detroit in 1851, and was the whig candidate for governor in 1853, when he stumped the state vigorously, and made as strong a fight as possible with a minority party, personally running ahead of the ticket. On the organization of the republican party in 1854, he stumped the state, making nearly one hundred speeches which carried conviction to the whigs, who formed the larger element in the new party, com- posed as it was of whigs, free soilers and anti-slavery democrats. At the election the success of the new party was complete. In 1857 he was elected the first republican United States Senator from Michigan. He was re-elected in 1863, and in 1869, servins con- tinuously eighteen years, from March 4, 1857, to March 4, 1875. From the first he strongly opposed all attempted encroachments of slavery, especially in the territories, and was soon recognized as a man of nerve and strong will, feared and hated of political oppon- ents, and admired and trusted by political friends. In 1863 he secured the passage of a resolution on the conduct of the war, and declining to be chairman, was an active member of that committee during the war. He had the full confidence of President Lincoln, and made his MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 165 influence felt, especially at the time when disaster and defeat fol- lowed our armies in the field. In 1875 he was defeated as a candidate for Senator by several mem- bers who refused to go into republican caucus, their votes combining wich the democrats to defeat him, and to elect Judge Christiancy, also a leading Republican. He was soon appointed secretary of the interior by President Grant, and became a most efficient and able cabinet officer, serving until the close of the second term of Grant. From 1876 to 1880 he was chairman of the national republican com- mittee, and in 1878 was chairman of the republican state committee. As a political leader and a forcible, convincing speaker he was in the front rank, and especially before the people of the rural districts he was always in demand, and always welcome. Senator Christiancy having resigned in 1879, to accept the position of minister to Peru, Mr. Chandler was elected March 18, 1879, to fill the vacancy. Soon after he made the short and thrilling speech in the senate that defeated the attempt to place Jefferson Davis on the Mexican pension roll, which gave him a host of friends in the North- ern states. The same year, on invitation, he made many speeches to large meetings, but died suddenly at Chicago, November 1, 1879, after addressing the young republicans of that city. As a business man he was successful, leaving a property of two millions. Not a man of classical education and by no means an elo- quent speaker, in the common acceptation of that term, he was the most powerful political organizer the state has ever had, and his qualities of will were such that he stamped his impress on national legislation, and, perhaps, except General Cass, takes the highest rank among Michigan legislators. WORDEN R. CHAPELL. Representative from the first district of Shiawassee county in 1887, was born in the township of Dexter, Washtenaw county, in 1848. Has all his life been a resident of Michigan. March 9, 1883, he received the appointment by President Arthur of postmaster at Co- runna, which office he held until August 1, 1886. Mr. Chapell has been treasurer of his city two terms, and supervisor of the 3d ward of Corunna four years, and was elected Representative on the republican ticket by a vote of 1,706 to 1,214 for F. H. Potter, Fusionist, and 348 for Edward Judd, Prohibitionist. 166 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. ADELBERT R. CHAPMAN, Representative from the first district of Hillsdale county in 1885 and 1687, was born in the township of Ash, Monroe county, Mich., Feb- ruary 24, 1846, and one year later with his parents removed to Read- ing, where he has since resided. Was brought up on a farm. Left college early in 1864 to join the army as a private in Co. L, eleventh regiment Michigan cavalry, which was then at the front. Was after- wards promoted to quarter master sergeant, remaining in the army until the close of the war. The two years next followmg were spent in college and teaching school. From 1867 to 1879 was engaged in mercantile pursuits (retail hardware and agricultural implements), and a general banking business. Has been extensively engaged in manufacturing buffalo robes, coats and mittens, and dealing in real estate, lumber, wood, etc. He has contributed his full share of time to public service,— for years as trustee and director of the union school, township superintendent of schools, school inspector, and jus- tice of the peace. Was elected to the House of 1885-6 on the repub- lican ticket, and re-elected for 1887-8 by a vote of 2,227 to 1,301 for John Sprowls, and 350 for Archibald C. Betts, Prohibitionist. LEANDER CHAPMAN Was born in Oswego county, N. Y. Came to Jackson, Michigan, in 1835, and commenced the practice of law. He was judge of probate from 1836 to 1840, also prosecuting attorney during a portion of that time. He was Representative in the legislature of 1849, and was elected speaker. He was c.ounty treasurer from 1842 to 1846. A man of high standing both as a lawyer and a citizen. In politics a Democrat. In 1846 or 1847 he was appointed commissioner of the state land office. He finally removed to Cedar Falls, Iowa, where he died in 1863 or '64. WARREN CHAPMAN Was born at New Market, N. H., July 24, 1812. He was educated at Bracket academy, Greenland, and at the age of twenty-one engaged in the mercantile business at New Market. In 1836 he lost his means in land speculations, and learned the trade of a machinist, at which he worked five years. He emigrated to St. Joseph, Mich., in 1843, where he was a lumber merchant for eight years. From 1855 to 1859 he was county register of deeds; from 1859 to 1867 was in the real estate business; in 1865 and 1867 State Senator, and since 1864 has been the owner of a large farm. First a Whig, a Republican since 1854. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 167 ALEXANDER CHAPOTON Was one of the Representatives from Detroit in the legislative ses- sions 1863-4. He is descended from the early French stock as is his brother William, elsewhere mentioned. He is by profession an architect, contractor and builder, and has filled many places of trust, both under the city and state governments. His politics have been Whig and Republican. He is a native of Detroit, where he has always resided, and was born in 1817. WILLIAM CHAPOTON, A member of the House of Representatives from Detroit, sessions 1861-2, is a descendant of one of the earliest French families by whom Detroit was settled, and was born in 1835. He is a contractor and builder, and is still in active life. His political faith was first to the whig party, and afterwards to its successor, the republican party. EUGENE V. CHASE, Representative from C linton county in 1877-9, was born in Trumbull county, Ohio, September 6, 1833. He graduated as a physician from the State University, first practicing at Oxfid, Michigan, since at Elsie, where he now resides. In 1861 he enlisted in the 1st Michigan cavalry and served through the war, rising to the rank of first lieu- tenant. Has been several times supervisor of Duplain, and chairman of the county board. In politics a Republican. JONATHAN CHASE Was born in Richfield, N. Y., in June, 1795, and died March 8, 1882, in Royal Oak, Michigan. He came to Michigan in 1825 and settled at Royal Oak. He was a mason by trade, in politics a Democrat. He was town clerk, supervisor, justice of the peace, Representative ill the legislature o^ 1839, and member of the constitutional conven- tion of 1835. MARCUS A. CHASE, A member of the House from Wayne county ( Detroit), session 1857, was born in Ontario county, N. Y.^ May 24, 1832, and came with his parents to Detroit in 1841. His education was academic, including three years at the University of Michigan. His legal education was 168 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. acquired by private study and by attendance at the state and national law school at Poughkeepsie, N. Y. He was admitted to the bar in Detroit in 1854, and has been continuously in practice in Detroit. A Democrat .in politics. WILLIAM CHASE Was born in Westford, N. Y.. November 13, 1815. He received a common school education and learned the trade of a carpenter. He settled on a farm in Kinderhook, Branch county, in 1841. He was the first justice of the town, was supervisor eight years, and chairman of the county board and filled other local positions. He was Representative in the legislature of 1861-2. Not living. CHESTER C. CHATFIELD, Representative from Eaton county in 1855, was the first attorney in Eaton county, and was admitted, to the bar in 1845, and practiced law at Eaton Rapids. He was prosecuting attorney from 1850 to 1852. He attained good standing as an attorney, held an influ- ential position in the democratic party, and was an able political writer and speaker. He published a know nothing paper in 1854. He died about 1856. CHARLES B. CHAUVIN, Representative from Wayne county, session of 1867, was born in Grosse Pointe, November 11, 1832, and still resides there. His offi- cial career is confined to several years' service as township clerk and school inspector. He is a lineal descendant of M. Chauvin, governor of New France, of which Michigan and the Northwest formed a part, 1603 to 1612. He is a farmer, and was formerly a Democrat in poli- tics, but latterly has taken a prominent part in the greenback or national party. AMHERST B. CHENEY, Representative from Kent county in 1877-9, vras born in Ripley, Ohio, October 27, 1841. Removed with his father to Homer, Mich., in 1845. In 1862 enlisted as a private in the 21st Michigan infantry, took part in many battles, was promoted to first lieutenant and was mustered out in 1865. Taught school two years, and engaged in a general collection, insurance and real estate business, and has been justice and town treasurer at Sparta. In politics a Republican. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 169 HENRY P. CHERRY, Representative from Barry countv in 1871-2, was born in Bethany, N. Y., May 21, 1823, and removed with his father to Ohio in 1831, and to Johnstown, Mich., in 1838, where he was postmaster. In politics a Whig, since 1854 a Republican. He was a county clerk in 1863-4, and book-keeper in the state land office for eight years. Now resides at Bedford, Mich., where he has been for several years town clerk, also a justice of the peace. EASTON T. CHESTER "Was born at Mexico, N. Y., March 3, 1807. In 1837 he removed to Camden, Michigan, and took up a farm. He built the first barn and the second saw-mill in the town. He also built a carding mill. He increased his farm until he owned 1,400 acres. The carding mill was converted into a grist-mill, and is one of tbe best mills in southern Michigan, He dealt extensively in black walnut lumber, and has shipped over $200,000 worth from Camden. He was supervisor ten years, justice of the peace nine years, and always a prominent man. He was Representative in the legislature of 1844. AARON CHILDS, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1871-2, was born in Hen- niker, N. H., Dec. 1, 1806. In early life worked in a woolen factory, and became foreman. He settled on a farm in Augusta, Mich., in 1833, and was the first town clerk, which office he held six years, and was supervisor for eighteen years. In politics a Democrat. Died March 4, 1881. AUGUSTUS W. CHILDS, Representative, session of 1851, was born in the state of New York in 1814. He came to Michigan in 1836, and now resides at Hudson, Lenawee county. Has been supervisor, town clerk, and held other offices. By occupation a farmer, politically a Republican. J. WEBSTER CHILDS, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1859, '61-2, and Senator in 1865-7, '73-4-9, was born in Henniker, N. H., in 1826. He received an academic education and settled as a farmer in Augusta, Mich. , in 1848. Held the office of supervisor several terms, school inspector 18 I'J'O MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. twenty years, and drain commissioner. He was a man of force and character, and made his mark as a legislator. Died Nov. 9, 1882. HENRY C. CHIPMAN Was born in the state of Vermont July 25, 1784, and was the son of Nathaniel Chipman, judge, U. S. Senator and legal writer. The son was a graduate of Middlebury college in 1803, was admitted to the bar, practiced law in South Carolina, and removed to Detroit in 1823 and engaged in practice. He was chief justice of the court of Wayne county, and from 1827 to 1832 was a judge of the territorial Supreme Court. From 1841 to 1843 was judge of the criminal court of Wayne county. Continued in practice until his death, March 31, 1867. A Whig in politics, a conservative after 1854. In religion an Episcopa- lian. J. LOGAN CHIPMAN, Of Detroit, was born in Detroit, Michigan, June 5, 1830; was educated in the schools of that city and at the University of Michigan; in 1846 was engaged in the Lake Superior region as an explorer for the Mon- treal Mining Company; in 1854 was admitted to the bar, and in that year aided in the payment of the Chippewas of Lake Superior, and participated in making the treaty of Detroit with the Ottawas and Chippewas of Michigan; in 1853 was assistant clerk of the state house of representatives of Michigan; in 1856 was elected city attorney of Detroit, and held that position until 1861; in 1865 was elected to the Michigan legislature; in 1865 was appointed attorney of the police board of Detroit; in 1866 ran for congress on the democratic ticket, but was defeated; retained the office of attorney of police till May 1, 1879, when he was elected judge of the superior court of Detroit, to which position he was re-elected at the end of six years, and was elected to the fiftieth congress as a Democrat, receiving 17,367 votes against 15,801 votes for Robinson, Republican, and 876 votes for Fris- bie, Prohibitionist. JOHN S. CHIPMAN Was born about 1801 in Vermont, where he received his education, graduating at Middlebury college in 1823. He came to Michigan in 1838, and settled at Centerville, St. Joseph county. Was a Repre- sentative in the legislature of 1842, and Representative in congress from 1845 to 1847. At the expiration of his term he settled at Niles. In 1849-'60 he removed to San Francisco, California, where he died . MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 171 some twelve years later. He was a lawyer, a natural orator, and listening to one of his speeches was like reading one of Cooper's nov- els. He was over six feet in height, slender, large head, dark com- plexion, hair black, straight and thick, forehead low and broad; his eye dark and piercing; his appearance that of an Indian Sachem. He was universally called " Black Chip." He was a Democrat. His expression in congress that '* education was at war with democracy,'' gave him notoriety in the old world. JOSEPH N. CHIPMAN Was born in Shoreham, Vt. , in September, 1803, and was a descend- ant of a family which contained some of the most distinguished law- yers of that state. He graduated from Middlebury college in 1828, was admitted to the Vermont bar in 1833, and practiced law at Mid- dlebury for several years. He settled in Niles, Michigan, in 1836, and practiced his profession there. He died at Niles in 1870. He was State Senator in 1845 and 1846. WILLIAM F. CHITTENDEN Was born March 28, 1812, in Kent county, England. He emigrated to this country in 1825, and worked in Utica,N. Y., learning the trade of a blacksmith, from 1826 to 1 832. Came to Detroit, Michigan, in 1835, and was alderman of that city in 1839, 1841, and 1846. He was a Representative in the legislature of 1849 and again in 1853. Served in the war with Mexico as quartermaster and commissary. In poli- tics a Democrat. EMERSON CHOATE, Representative from Monroe county in 1861-2, was a Democrat, and was supervisor, and justice of the peace in his town for some twenty consecutive years. ISAAC P. CHRISTIANCY Was born at Johnstown, N. Y., in March, 1812. His education was that of common schools, ani he was early a teacher. He studied law, came to Monroe, Mich., in 1836, and completed his studies. He took high rank as a lawyer and from 1838 to 1857 was in practice at Mon- roe. From 1841 to 1846 was proscuting attorney; in 1848 was a dele- gate and leader at the national free soiJ convention at Buffalo; was Senator in 1850-1; and free soil candidate for governor in 1852, He 172 MICHIGAN biography: was the leader and prime mover in the political combination of the whig and free soil parties in 1854, from which sprang the republican party. He was a delegate to the first national republican convention at Philadelphia in 1856. He purchased and edited the Monroe Com- mercial. In 1857 he was elected associate justice of the Supreme Court of Michigan, and wao re-elected in 1865 and 1873, serving part of the time as chief justice. In 1875 he was elected United States Senator, and after a service of two years was appointed minister to Peru, and resigned. He remained at Lima, Peru, several years. Since his return he has been for a part of the time engaged in prac- tice before the courts. He was an able judge and a courteous and honorable man in every position. Resides in Lansing. THOMAS B. CHURCH Was born in Dighton, Bristol county, Mass., in September, 1821. His grandfather, Thomas Church, was a colonel in the war of the revolution, and he is a direct descendant of Benjamin Church who commanded in the Indian war which resulted in the death of King Philip. As a boy he was a sailor for several years, then entered Washington, now Trinity college, and graduated. He went south and engaged some years in teaching; spent one year in Cambridge law school, then finished his studies at Marshall and commenced practice in Grand Rapids in 1843, which has since been his home. He was prosecuting attorney of Kent county two years; member of the constitutional convention of 1850; in 1851 and 1855 Representative in the legislature; and in 1852 mayor of Grand Rapids. He has three times been the Democratic candidate for congress in the Grand Rapids district He married Mary E. Stuart, and his only son, Fred- erick J. Church, is a distinguished New York artist. WORTHY L. CHURCHILL, Representative from Alpena county in 1875, was born in Batavia, m., December 14, 1840. He was educated in the schools at Geneva, New York. He came to Michigan in 1872, resides at Alpena, and is largely engaged in manufacturing lumber. In politics a Democrat. LEVERETT A. CLAPP, Commissioner of the State Land Office from 1873 to 1877, was born inj Mottville, Michigan, June 24, 1837. He received an academic educa- tion. In 1856 he was appointed deputy register of deeds of St. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 173 Joseph county, a position he held until 1872, except two years when he was register. In politics a Republican. Now in business at White Pigeon. ALBERT K. CLARK, Representative from Washtenaw county, in 1875, was born in New Jersey, November 1, 1810. He removed with his father's family to Seneca county. New York, and in 1836 came to Michigan, settling in Saline, where he has since resided. He received a common school education, and is a farmer. In politics a Democrat. BENJAMIN CLARK Was born in Eaton, N. Y., May 3, 1811. He resided in western New York until 1836, when he went to Indiana. He removed to Albion, Michigan, in 1852. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Whig until 1854, since a Republican. He was a Representative in the legislature of 1869-70. DARIUS CLARK Was born in Ovid, Seneca county, N. Y., in 1814. Came to Michigan and settled in Marshall in 1836, where he continued to live until 1852. Was a contractor on the M. C. R. R. and other railroads. Represent- ative in the legislature of 1851. Went to N. Y. city in same year as general ticket agent of the M. C. R. R. in N. Y. city, and remained there until he died in 1872 or 3. He was a Whig in politics, and sub- sequently a Republican. DAVID CLARK Was born in Castleton, Vt., June 13, 1817. His parents removed to New York in 1822, where they resided until 1833, when they came to Pontiac, Michigan. In 1835 they settled in Eagle, Clinton county, where the son has since lived, following the occupation of a farmer. He was a Democrat until 1856, since that time a Republican. Has been five years supervisor and held other town offices. He was Rep- resentative from Clinton county in 1851. EDWIN G. CLARK, Representative from Oakland county in 1877, was bom April 8, 1815, in the town of Manlius (now called DeWitt), Onondaga county, N. 174 MICHIGAK BIOGRAPHY. Y. He received a common school education. He came to Michigan in 1831, first settling in Detroit. He removed to Independence, Oak- land county, in 1836. He was the first school inspector elected in his township, was constable nine years, justice of the peace twelve years^ and supervisor four years. Occupation farming. Politics demo- cratic. ELIHU L. CLARK Was born in Walworth, N. Y., July 18, 1811. He commenced busi- ness as a clerk in a dry goods store at Palmyra, N. Y., in 1830. In 1838 he began business for himself. In 1835 he removed to Adrian, Mich., and opened a store, selling only for cash. From 1838 to 1842 he invested in state warrants and state scrip, which he bought at a discount and held until he received par value. He continued in the dry goods trade until 1847. After that time engaged in loaning money. In 1848 he was Representative in the legislature. He was several years president of the Lenawee county savings bank. He died several years since, leaving the largest fortune in Lenawee county. ELIJAH B. CLARK Was born in Groton, Conn., Nov. 23, 1792, and died July 10, 1884. He came from Pennsylvania in 1830 and purchased a farm in Orion, Oak- land county, settling upon it in 1831. He was supervisor in 1837 and 1838, and was several times assessor and treasurer. In politics first Whig, then Republican. Was originally a millwright, but followed farming in Michigan. He was Representative in the session of 1847. FREDERICK O. CLARK, Representative from Delta and other counties in 1875, was born at Girard, Pa., in 1842, and received an academic education. He removed to Michigan in 1862, and took up his residence in the upper peninsula. For four years engaged as a civil engineer on the north- western railroad, and also in the iron mines. He was admitted to the bar in 1870. In 1871 he was elected president of the village of Esca- naba, and served one term. In 1872 he was elected prosecuting attor- ney of Delta county. In politics a Republican. He is now in practice at Marquette. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 175 JEREMIAH CLARK, Representative from Oakland county in 1839 and 1841, was born in the state of Vermont, Sept. 19, 1790. When young he removed with his father to Madison county, N. Y. As a young man he was inter- ested in the manufacture of salt for several years in Onondaga county, then, at Albany, filled contracts on public works for the state. He came to Detroit in 1831, where he controlled aj bakery and grocery for several years. He removed to a farm in Independence, Oakland county. In 1838 he built a grist mill at Clarkston. Served as super- visor, justice, and county judge. Died Aug. 29, 1847. JOHN CLARK Was born at Bath, Me., July 29, 1797. He was a clerk from 1812 to 1818, then became a merchant. Opened a store in Detroit in 1830, and in 1832 purchased large tracts of land on the St. Clair river and removed to Port Huron. In 1835 he removed to a farm in China, which remained his home through life. He was a delegate to the constitutional convention of 1850; Senator in 1835-6-7-8; Representa- tive in 1857; and commissioner to settle Indian claims in Michigan. A Democrat until 1856, then a Republican. A prominent Mason and a leading pioneer. JOHN R. CLARK Was born in Ontario (now Walworth), N. Y., September 4, 1822. He received a common and select school education. Came to Adrian with his father in 1836, and has always resided there. Was a clerk from 1840 to 1845, then a merchant. Has also been a farmer and stock dealer. Was for five years supervisor of Madison, and in 1859 was Representative in the legislature, and chairman of the committee on mines and minerals. Has been several times an alderman and always a prominent business man, NEWCOMB CLARK, Representative from the second district of Bay county, in 1885, was born in the state of New York. He was a member of the legislature in 1883, Resides in West Bay City, and is a Republican. Upon the organization of the house of representatives was chosen to fill the office of speaker. He was elected as a Republican, receiving 1,760 votes, to 1,747 for Levi Willard, and 181 for John Todd, Prohibi- tionist, and 4 scattering. Was the first president of the village of 176 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. Wenona, now West Bay City. Served as major and lieutenant colonel of the 102d U. S. C. T. , and was for some time in command of the regiment. ORMAN CLARK Was born at Batavia, N. Y., March 9, 1809. In 1831 he married Sarah A. Pierson, and removed in 1836 to Lyndon, Washtenaw county, Michigan, near Chelsea, and purchased a farm where he has since resided. The farm is one of the best in that part of the county, and he has made the raising of fine horses and Durham cattle a specialty. He has been supervisor and held other local offices, and was Representative in the legislature of 1869-'70. In politics a Democrat. • ROBERT E. CLARK, A Representative from Wayne county, sessions 1863-4, was born in New Hampshire, January 10, 1810, and came to Michigan in 1835. He is a farmer, a Democrat in politics, and is still living at Belleville. SAMUEL CLARK Was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., in January, 1800. He was brought up on a farm, graduated at Hamilton college, read law with Judge Hulburt, of Auburn, and commenced practice at Water- loo, N. Y., in 1828. In 1833 he was elected to congress and served one term, resuming practice at Waterloo until 1843, when he re- moved to Kalamazoo. He immediately took high rank in his pro- fession, and was recognized as one of the leading lawyers of the state. He was a prominent member of the constitutional convention of 1850, and favored the organization of an independent Supreme Court. He was elected to congress in 1 852, serving from 1853 to 1855. He died at Kalamazoo, October 2, 1870. WILLIAM A. CLARK Was born at Ballston Spa, N. Y., September 9, 1823. Moved with his father to Brighton, Mich., in 1837. He worked on his father's farm until 1841, ran the Brighton Mills two years, studied law and began practice in 1844. He was supervisor of Brighton in 1849-50; prosecuting attorney 1851-5; and Senator in 1863-4. Removed to Saginaw in 1864, was city attorney in 1879- '80, and has been a demo- cratic candidate for regent and lieutenant governor. From 1856 to 1862 a Republican , since a Democrat. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 177 HOVEY K. CLARKE Was born July 11, 1812, in Sterling, Mass., where he lived until 1816; then in Utica, N. Y., till 1831; then in Canandaigua, N. Y., till 1836; then in Allegan, Mich., till 1843; then in Marshall, Mich., till 1853; and from that time in Detroit. In politics he voted with the democratic party till 1848; then with the free soil party till 1854; and ever since with the Republican party. He was admitted to the bar in 1839. He has held the offices of prosecuting attorney of Allegan and Calhoun counties. Representative of Calhoun county in the legislature of 1850, commissioner to examine the compilation of laws, (1857) appointed by Gov. Bingham, member of the board of control of railroad land grants, appointed by Gov. Blair, state reporter, and register in bankruptcy for the eastern district of Michigan. LUTHER W. CLARKE, Senator from the upper peninsula in 1853, was born in Marietta, Ohio, in 1825. By profession a physician, politically a Democrat. He settled in Michigan in 1847, and was a resident of Eagle River, Keweenaw county. Died in 1869. CHRISTIAN CLEMENS Was born in Pennsylvania, January 30, 1768, and was bred a farmer. He came to Detroit in 1795, and engaged in the manufacture of leather. In 1798 he removed to the present site of Mt. Clemens, and carried on a trading store at an early day. He was also a tanner, farmer and hotel keeper. He platted the village of Mt. Clemens in 1818 and built the first dwelling house in 1817. He was chief justice of the county court from 1818 to 1833; was colonel of militia, probate judge 1818 to 1836: county treasurer from 1818 to 1827, and held other positions. He served in the war of 1812. His home was a favorite resort for Gen. Cass, Gen. Brown, Judge Woodward and other eminent citizens of Detroit. Died August 25, 1844. JOSHUA CLEMENT Was born in Orange county, N. Y., September 3, 1818. He was brought up on a farm, taught school several years, came to Michigan in 1843, and is now a farmer in Leoni, Jackson county. He has been supervisor ten years, and filled minor town offices. Be was a mem- ber of the legislature in 1871-2. 178 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. ANDREW CLIMIE Was bora in Whitestown, N. Y., February 4, 1834. He was educated at Vernon academy, N. Y., and in 1860 removed to Leonidas, St. Jo- seph county, where he engaged in milling and lumbering. He was Representative in the legislatures of 1871-2-3-4. He also held several local offices. He was elected regent of the University in 1873 and filled that position six years. In politics a Republican. WILLIAM M. CLINE, Senator from the seventeenth district, St. Clair county, in 1885, a resi- dent of Port Huron, was born in Ontario, July 31, 1851. He lived with his parents on a farm and began life as a teacher in the public schools of Sanilac and St. Clair counties. He is now a lawyer. He was elected on the fusion ticket by a vote of 4,573 to 4,117 for Henry Howard, Republican, and 323 for Thos. S. Skinner, Prohibitionist. CHARLES W. CLISBEE, Senator from Cass county in 1867, was born at Cleveland, Ohio, July 24, 1833. He came to Cassopolis, Mich., in 1838, where he now resides. He was at Oberlin college from 1846 to 1851, and a graduate of Wil- liams college in 1856. Studied law and was admitted in 1858. Has been circuit court commissioner four years; two terms prosecuting attorney; delegate at large to the republican national convention of 1864, and secretary of the national conventions of 1880 and 1884; cir- cuit judge in 1878; presidential elector in 1868; and for many years secretary of the Cass county pioneer society. Is now in practice. HENRY S. CLUBB, Senator from Ottawa and Muskegon counties in 1873-4, was born in Colchester, England, June 21, 1827. He came to this country in 1853 and became a shorthand reporter on the New York Tribune; was then a congressional reporter, and also reported for the South Carolina legislature. Settled at Grand Haven in 1856 and published the Clarion from 1857 to 1862; was assistant quartermaster with the rank of cap- tain in the army, and became chief quartermaster of the 17th army corps. Was wounded, and served until 1866. Founded the Grand Haven Herald in 1869, which he published several years. A Repub- lican. Now resides in Philadelphia. MICHIGAN BIOGKAPHY. 179 JOSEPH COATES, Representative from Oakland county in 1841, was born in England, December 6, 1791. He came to Michigan in 1832, and settled at Pine Lake, Oakland county, where he died March 12, 1876. By occupation a farmer, in politics at first a Democrat, then a Republican. He was reporter for the first Michigan legislature that met at Detroit, and for many subsequent years reported the legislative debates for state and Detroit papers. He also reported the proceedings of the constitu- tional convention of 1850. He was a man of liberal education; was master of several languages. For years he was the only man in Michigan who could write shorthand, and was frequently called upon to report arguments in the courts at Detroit. LINTSFORD B. COATES, Representative from Allegan county in 1847, was born in Elkland, Pa., July 22, 1806. He came to Allegan county in 1835, and practiced as a physician at Otsego. In politics a Democrat. Died August 15, 1879. GEORGE P. COBB, Repi'esentative from the first district of Bay county in 1881-2, was born April 13, 1841, in York, Livingston county, N. Y., and shortly afterwards his parents removed to Rochester. In 1855 he removed to Macon, Michigan, and lived a farmer's life for several years, some- times attending district school in the winter. In the winter of 1859-60 he attended the union school at Ypsilautl. He served one year in the 5th Michigan volunteer cavalry. Having entered the law depart- ment of the University of Michigan in October, 1866, he graduated in 1868. He settled in Bay City, his present home. He was supervisor of the third ward in 1873. He is a Republican. He was elected to the legislature by a vote of 1,779 to 1,516 for Fenton (Democrat), and 1,111 for Mussey (National). JAMES B. COBB "Was born at Orwell, Vt., May 18, 1823. Moved with his father in 1834 to Brighton, N. Y., where he was educated, and taught several terms. He lived in Vermont several years. He settled on a farm near Kalamazoo in 1854, and has been also engaged in commercial business. He was a Representative in 1863-4-5; has been county treasurer, and held other positions, including supervisor. In politics 180 MICHIGAN- BIOGRAPHY. a Republican. Has been a large wool buyer for many years, and has taken great interest in state and county fairs. THOMAS S. COBB, Senator from Kalamazoo county in 1875, was born in Springfield, Vt., Oct. 4, 1819. He removed to Boston in 1835, where he remained until 1855, when he came to Michigan and settled at Kalamazoo. He finished his education at the Kimball union academy, Meriden, N. H. He has been a member of the school board of Kalamazoo, and held other positions of trust. In 1873-4 he was a Representative. By occupation a merchant. In politics a Democrat. VARNUM B. COCHRAN Was born in Argentine, Genesee county, in 1845. He received his early instruction in the schools of Linden and Fenton, completing his studies preparatory to the University, at the high school at Ann Arbor. Meantime he taught three terms in the schools of his native town, and for somewhat more than a year was in charge of the schools of Marquette. In the fall of 1866 he entered the literary department of the University, where, however, he was unable, on account of ill health, to complete the full college course. Returning to the Upper Peninsula he again became superintendent of the city schools at Marquette. Thereafter he was for some years engaged in the drug business, during part of the time holding the office of county superintendent of schools for Marquette county. Subsequently he was at the head of the public schools of Negaunee, whence, in the spring of 1881, he was called to the office of superintendent of public instruction, upon appointment by Governor Jerome to the vacancy caused by the resignation of Hon. C. A. Gower. At the commence- ment in 1882 the University conferred on him the honorary degree of master of arts. Nominated by the republican state convention in 1882, he was elected in November by a vote of 162,594, to 148,560 for David Parsons, democrat and greenback, and 1 ,009 for the prohibi- tion candidate. He resigned during his term of office, to become register of the U. S. land office at Marquette, which he held several years, and now resides there. JAMES W. COCHRANE, Senator from Midland and other counties in 1879, was born at Attica, N. Y., June 1, 1840. He received an academic education and was admitted to the bar in 1862, and commenced practice at Warsaw. He MICHIGAiq- BIOGRAPHY. 181 came to Midland, Mich., in 1864 and continued in his profession till 1871, when he began the lumbering and land business. He has held important local offices, such as supervisor and justice of the peace. In politics a Republican. iYMAN COCHRANE Was born in New Hampshire, August 6, 1825, and died at Detroit February 5, 1879. He was educated at the University of Michigan and graduated in 1849. He studied law and graduated at the Ball- ston, N. Y., law school in 1852. He engaged in practice in Detroit, became well skilled as a special pleader, and his opinion on intricate matters of law was held in high regard by the Detroit bar. In 1871-2 he was Representative in the Michigan house, was a member of the judiciary committee, and acquired great influence in that body. In 1873 he was elected judge of the superior court of Detroit. He was a Democrat in politics. GEORGE ALONZO COE, Lieutenant Governor of Michigan from 1855 to 1859, was born in Rush, N. Y., August 16, 1811. When young he became a resident of Illinois, and was brought up on his father's farm until fourteen, then attended or taught school until of age. Then studied law with Judge Pratt, at Rochester, N. Y., and began practice at Coldwater, Mich., in 1839. He was a good lawyer, a Whig in politics, and was Representative in 1840, and Senator in 1846-7. He was the first republican lieutenant governor, and one of the best officers who ever presided over the Senate. He filled many local positions of trust and honor, among them prosecuting attorney and justice. Died October 21, 1869. BELA COGSHALL Was born at Glenville, N. Y., February 16, 1816. He received a com- mon school education; became clerk in a store; in 1836 removed to a farm in Groveland, Oakland county, where he remained until 1867, when he sold his farm, removed to Holly and commenced legal prac- tice and insurance business. In 1853 he was sergeant-at-arms of the House, and in 1869 was Representative. In 1867 and 1871 he was president of the village of Holly, and was president of the board of education from 1867 to 1873. He is a distinguished Mason and has held high offices in that order. In politics a Democrat. 19 182 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. LEMUEL COLBATH Was born in Maine, December 27, 1788, where he lived until twenty- one, when he removed to ISodus, Wayne county, N. Y., and settled on a farm. In 1833 he removed to Erie, Monroe county, Michigan, where he purchased a farm and resided until his death, July 22, 1837. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1835, and a Representative in the legislature of 1837. EZRA COLE, Representative from St. Joseph county in 1846, was born in Yates county, N. Y., November 17, 1799, and died at Three Rivers, Mich., July 30, 1884. He came to Michigan in 1839, bought land near Three Rivers, and farmed it for several years. Sold his farm about 1850, and with his son opened a produce store in Three Rivers, which he continued until about 1860, when he retired from business. Was for several years justice. Politically a Democrat. HENRY S. COLE, Attorney General of the territory of Michigan from 1833 to 1836, was a native of Canandaigua, N. Y., and became a resident of Detroi^ about 1828, and was an able lawyer. He died in 1836. MINER T. COLE, Repx'esentative from the first district of Lenawee county in 1887, was born at Spencer, Lucas county, Ohio, July 3, 1839. His parents were pioneers from Seneca county, New York. His education was acquired at Maumee City, Ohio, and Kalamazoo, Mich. He enlisted in the fourteenth Ohio infantry under Col. Steedman, at Toledo, August 26, 1861, serving in nearly every rank from eighth corporal to first lieu- tenant. He re-enlisted December 14, 1863, and had charge of a forage party from "Atlanta to the sea," and was mustered out October 16, 1865. He settled in Palmyra, Lenawee county, in 1868. He has resided in Palmyra since that time, and has one of the finest farms in Lenawee county. He has been an officer in Lenawee county agricul- tural society more than fifteen years. Mr. Cole has been a regular correspondent for several agricultural as well as other journals. He is a Republican and was elected Representative for 1887-8 by a vote of 1,994 to 1,724 for Horace Holridge, Fusionist, and 430 for Millard P. Brown, Prohibitionist. MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY. 183 WILLIAM B. COLE, Representative from Mason and Manistee counties in 1875, was born in EUisburgh, N. Y., December 22, 1832. He became a physician in 1846, and began practice at Pottsville, Pa. In 1848 he removed to Fenton, Mich. , engaged in practice, and was elected censor of the Genesee county medical society. He remained in practice until 1871, then purchased the Pontiac Jacksonian, and removed to Pontiac. In 1873 he removed to Ludington, and started the Ludington weekly Appeal. Held the office of justice several years. A Democrat in politics. GEORGE COLEMAN, Representative from Livingston county in 1883-5, was born in Min- isink, N. Y , September 7, 1833. He removed to Livingston county, Michigan, with his parents in the fall of 1843, and they settled on a farm in Marion township. His early life was divided between the active duties of the farm and a regular attendance of the common school. Hfe business is farming and stock raising; in politics a Democrat, and has held the office of justice of the peace four terms, supervisor of his township four years, and president of the Livingston county mutual fire insurance company. Was elected to the legisla- ture of 1883-4 by a majority of six votes, and was re-elected, receiv- ing 3,039 votes, to 2,502 for J. D. Smith, Republican, and 252 for Kilpatrick, Prohibition. VICTORY P. COLLIER Was born in Victor, N. Y., April 25, 1820, and received a common school education. While a boy, worked at fifty dollars a year in a country store. In 1835 removed to Battle Creek, Mich., with his parents, and from there in 1837 to Johnstown, Mich., the first white family in that town. Became a teacher at twenty and taught for three winters. In 1842 was elected sheriff of Barry county; in 1847 became a clerk at Battle Creek; then became a partner, and for many years was a leading merchant; in 1865-7 was Senator; alder- man four years; mayor in 1875; member of the state republican committee several years; state treasurer from 1871 to 1875; offered the position of minister to the Netherlands in 1875, but declined; also declined the position of consul at Frankfort in 1876; was a United States centennial commissioner at Philadelphia in 1876; in 1877 was appointed a Regent of the state university, and was elected to the same position, but soon resigned; has been an inspector of the state 184 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. prison; and has been president of the first national bank of Battle Creek since 1867. A Whig until 1854, since, a Republican. In public and private life a man of integrity and ability. ALPHEUS COLLINS Was born near Rutland, Vt., September 24, 1790, His parents in 1799 moved to Phelps, N. Y., where he remained until 1811, when he married Betsey Hall, and purchased a farm in Rose, Wayne county N. Y. He resided there until 1829, when he came to Michigan and settled on a farm in Pittsfleld, Washtenaw county. He was elected to the constitutional convention of 1835 as a Democrat. He after- wards settled on a large farm in Lyndon, same county, and was several years supervisor and justice of the peace. He was generally a Democrat, but sometimes a Republican at general elections. He died May 16, 1862. FREDERICK W. COLLINS, Representative from Barry county in 1873-4, was born in Rose, N. Y., Feb. 16, 1828. He received a common school education. In 1837 he came to Pittsfleld, Mich. He removed to Barry county in 1869, and set- tled in Thornapple, where he still resides. He has served in several local positions of trust. By occupation a farmer. LUCIUS H. COLLINS, Representative from the first district of Wayne county in 1885, born at Romeo, Mich., July 17, 1855, where his early education was obtained, graduating from the high school of that village in 1873. fle entered the class of 1877 in the literary department of the State University, remaining through the freshman year. In the fall of 1874 he began the study of law and was admitted in 1876. He was elected as the candidate of the democratic party, receiving 13,- 587 votes. OLIVER D. COLVIN, Representative from Branch county in 1850, was a farmer. He was supervisor of Kinderhook from 1842 to 1847, and six years justice of he peace. Died about 1858. MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY. DAVID G. COLWELL 155 Was born in Seneca, N. Y. , March 14, 1825. He came to Michigan in 1838, and settled at Tyrone, Livingston county, where he lived for twenty-nine years. He was a Representative in the legislature of 1865. He now resides at Fenton, Michigan. WILLAM M. COLWELL, Representative from the district consisting of Chippewa, Delta, Mackinac, and Schoolcraft counties in 1883, was born in Chenango county, N. Y., May 17, 1839. In 1841, moved with his parents to Addison, Steuben county, New York, where he remained until he reached his majority, receiving a common school and academic edu- cation. Worked about three years in the printing business, then engaged in sash and door making. In 1860 he removed to northern Pennsylvania, where he embarked in the the lumbering trade. In 1863 he volunteered, joining the 21st Pennsylvania cavalry, and was mustered out at the close of the war as a member of the 210th (re-en- listed) regiment Pennsylvania infantry; was twice wounded in action. He returned to lumbering in the employ of Messrs. Weston Brothers, of Clean, New York. In 1872 he came to Manistique, this state, hav- ing taken an interest in and management of the Chicago lumbering company. The business of his company has been very prosperous, manufacturing annually from thirty to fifty million feet of lumber. He is a Republican. RUSSELL COMAN, Was born in 1802, in Eaton, Madison county, N. Y., and was brought up on a farm, living with his parents until 1825, w4ien he removed to Dearborn county, Indiana, where he lived ten years principally engaged in trading down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. He mar- ried in 1829, and removed to Wright, Hillsdale county, Michigan, in 1835, and settled on a farm. Representative in the legislature of 1849. HENRY P. COMBES, Representative from Lenawee county in 1857, 1863 and 1864, was bom in the state of New York in 1820. By profession a physician, in politics a Republican. Came to Michigan in 1838, and now resides at Rome, Lenawee county. 186 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. HENRY COMPTON "Was bom in Deposit, N. Y., October 23, 1803, and died in Ypsilanti, May 2, 1863. He had an excellent English education, and when young engaged in teaching. Later, he was a merchant in western N. Y. In 1833 he came to Ypsilanti, where he was engaged in the dry goods trade. He held various offices: associate judge of the county court, supervisor, and was State Senator in 1843 and 1844, and Representative in 1845. In politics a Democrat. ADDISON J. COMSTOCK Was born in Palmyra, N. Y., October 17, 1802. He received a good business education and moved with his parents to Lockport, N. Y., in 1820, where he worked for his father, who had the contract for build- ing the locks at that place on the Erie canal. In 1825 he came with his father to Michigan and purchased a section of land where now stands the city of Adrian. In 1826 he built a log house, the first in the city, and a saw-mill. In 1828 he laid out and platted the village of Adrian. In 1829 he was appointed postmaster, was town clerk, and built a grist-mill. In 1832, with his father, Darius Comstock, he projected the Erie and Kalamazoo railroad, which was completed from Toledo to Adrian in 1836, he being secretary and treasurer of the road. He was a member of the second convention of assent in 1836, and of the constitutional convention in 1850, and in 1853 mayo^ of Adrian. He was the prime mover in the early prosperity of Adrian. He died January 20, 1867. He was a leading member of the Methodist church, and largely interested in the early banking houses of Adrian. CHARLES C. COMSTOCK Was born at Sullivan, New Hampshire, March 5, 1818, and was brought up on a farm, receiving a common school education. In 1842 he engaged in the lumber business and soon owned several saw mills; in 1853 he removed to Grand Rapids, Michigan, and engaged in the same business. In 1857 he bought a furniture factory, failed, but in the next four years paid his debts, and in 1862 inaugurated the first successful wholesale furniture business in Grand Rapids. He sold out to his sons in 1865, but has continued the lumber business and the man- ufacture of pails, sashes, blinds and doors. He has also several farms, and has always been a leading business man of Grand Rapids. In 1863-4 he was mayor of Grand Rapids; in 1870 democratic candidate MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 187 for governor; in 1872 and 1878 democratic candidate for congress. He served as member of congress from the 5th district in 1886-7, but declined a renomination in 1886. He received 20,406 votes to 20,050 for Fitzgerald, Kepublican, and 2,449 for Wilson C. Edsell, Prohi- bitionist. DARIUS COMSTOCK Was born in Cumberland, R. I., July 12, 1768. He removed to west- ern New York with his father in 1790. In 1820 he took and completed a large contract on the Erie canal, which included the locks at Lock- port. In 1826 he removed to Logan (now Raisin), Lenawee county, and settled on lands purchased the previous year. In 1827 he was the first supervisor, and in 1835 was a member of the constitutional con- vention. He was a Quaker and remained a member of that sect. He was prominently identified with the early history of Michigan and Lenawee county, and did much to secure the building of the railroads through southern Michigan. He died June 2, 1845. HORACE H. COMSTOCK Came from Cooperstown, N. Y., in 1831, and founded the village of Comstock, Kalamazoo county, which for a time was a rival of Kala- mazoo. Possessed of ample means, he built mills, and gave & school- house to the people. His wife was a niece of James Fenimore Cooper, the novelist. He was the first Senator from Kalamazoo county, serving in 1835-6-7-8. He was a Representative in 1849, and supervisor of Comstock from 1840 to 1845. In 1844 he removed to Kalamazoo, having bought a one-fourth interest in the village plat for $17,000. His wife died in 1846. He removed to Otsego, Mich., and afterwards to New York city, where he died many years since. A Democrat in politics. OLIVER C. COMSTOCK, Son of Adam Comstock, was born in Warwick, R. I., March 1, 1781. His father was a lieutenant colonel in the revolution. After the war he removed to Schenectady, N. Y. Mr. Comstock studied medicine and practiced near Cayuga Bridge. He there married Lydia Smith, daughter of Judge Grover Smith, and removed to Trumansburg, N. Y. He was the first judge of Seneca county, and first postmaster of Trumansburg. He was three times elected to congress from that district, where he was an able member. He was one of the com- 188 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. missioners to settle the claims of war sufferers on the Niagara fron- tier. He was ordained to the Baptist ministry, declined a re-nomina- tion to congress, and continued the practice of medicine until 1825. For several years he was pastor of the First Baptist church in Rochester, N. Y. , then became chaplain to congress. He afterward preached in Norfolk, Va., but ultimately emigrated to Michigan, and settled in Detroit. He was the able superintendent of public instruc- tion in this state from May 8, 1843, to April 17, 1845. As a young man he was a member of the New York assembly and was a Repre- sentative from Branch county, in the Michigan legislature of 1849. He died at Marshall in the seventy-ninth year of his age. He was a Democrat in politics. As a man he was courteous, kind, affectionate and true, of intellectual countenance, tall and well proportioned. HARRY A. CONANT Was born at Monroe, Michigan, May 5, 1844. He prepared for col- lege at Monroe and entered the Michigan University class of '65. Mr. Conant was admitted to the bar in February, 1878. After leaving college he engaged in mercantile and manufacturing pursuits for some years. He has always been a Republican, and has been mayor, alderman, supervisor, and State Senator in 1879, he being elected to the three latter offices in a strong democratic section. In 1880 he received the appointment of consul at Naples, which he resigned after a residence abroad of seven months. Mr. Conant was elected secretary of state in 1882, over William Shakespeare, Fusionist, and Martin V. Rork, Prohibitionist, and in 1884 was again elected to the same oflfice by vote of 192,929 to 188,546 for Shakespeare, Fusionist, and 19,107 for Zacheus Chase, Prohibitionist. He is identified in most of the affairs of a public nature in his section. EDWIN F. CONELY, Representative from Wayne county in 1877, and democratic nominee for speaker of the House, was born in the city of New York, Septem- ber 7, 1847. In 1853 he came with his parents to Brighton, Michigan. He received a common school education, and graduated from the law department of the University of Michigan. By profession a lawyer, in politics Democratic. Has been superintendent of police Detroit. ELISHA CONGDON Was born at Norwich, Conn., in 1799. In 1832 he came to Michigan and settled in Sylvan, Washtenaw county. He was a man of great MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 189 energy and untiring activity, and was know n as an upright, earnest, capable man. The village of Chelsea owed its origin, name and largely its prosperity to his energy and enterprise. A large part of his life was spent in mercantile business. He held many minor offices, was president of the village of Chelsea, postmaster eight years; as a Democrat, supported the union and sent three sons to serve through the rebellion. He died May 20, 1867. He was Uepresentative in the legislature of 1863-4. JAMES M. CONGDON Was born March 23, 1805, at the city of Norwich, Conn., and re- moved to Michigan in 1834. He settled in Sylvan, Washtenaw county, upon land whereon part of the village of Chelsea is now located, and where he still resides. Occupation, machinist and farmer. Politics, democratic. Was Representative in 1871 and 187-^. OMER D. CONGER, of Port Huron, was born in 1818, at Cooperstown, N. Y, He removed with his father to Huron county, O., in 1824. He pursued his aca- demic studies at Huron institute, Milan, Ohio, and graduated in 1842 at Western Reserve college; was employed in the geological survey and mineral explorations of the Lake Superior copper and iron regions in 1845-'46-'47: and, in 1848, engaged in the practice of law at Port Huron, long his home. He was elected judge of St, Clair county court in 1850, and State Senator in 1855, '5T, '58 and '59; was elected president _pro tem. in the last session; was elected presidential elector on the republican ticket in 1864; was a member of the constitutional convention in 1867; has been a Representative in the forty-first, forty- second, forty-third, forty-fourth, forty-fifth and forty-sixth con- gresses. Was re-elected to the forty-seventh by a majority of 2,248 over all opponents. Mr. Conger was elected United States Senator January 19, 1881, for the full term of six years from March 4, 1881. His term expired March 4, 1887. He now resides in Washington. He was long a party leader in congress. He was an excellent parlia- mentarian and a skillful tactician. In the use of wit and sarcasm he had few equals. JAMES L. CONGER Settled at Belvidere, Macomb county, Michigan, as early as 1836, where he built a large house and purchased several hundred acres of land. His home was a favorite place of resort for the young people 190 MICHIGAN BIOGEAPHY. of Mt. Clemens. He was a man of fine personal appearance, a good lawyer, a brilliant debater and orator, and few equaled him as a stump speaker. In 1850 he was nominated and elected Representa- tive to congress, receiving 9,263 votes against 8,437 votes for Hascall, Democrat. He served from December 1, 1851, to March 3, 1853. In later years he was a resident of St. Clair, where he died many years since. He was a brilliant writer, and wrote works on religion, and extracts from these written works caused great excitement from the liberal views of the writer. He was averse to their publication while living. / EBENEZER H. CONKLIN Was born in Rutland, Vt., May 4, 1790. He was by occupation a physician, and in politics a Whig. He came to Michigan at an early day, settled in practice at Sharon, Washtenaw county, and was the second supervisor of that town. He was a member of the first con- vention of assent, which met at Ann Arbor in September, 1836, and refused to accept the conditions prescribed by congress for the admis- sion of Michigan as a state. He died June 11, 1851. HENRY C. CONKLING Was born at Middletown, N. Y., January 26, 1824. He came to Michigan with his parents in 1833, and was brought up on a farm until nineteen years of age. He was clerk in a store in Tecumseh for three years. Went to New York city in 1846, and was employed seven years in a wholesale grocery house. Returned to Tecumseh, Michigan, in 1854, where he still resides. From 1862 to 1869 was engaged in general grocery and produce business. Now a railroad transportation agent. Politics, republican. He was county clerk of Lenawee county from 1872 to 1876, and State Senator in 1869-'70. Has been county superintendent of poor since 1879. HENRY CONNOR, Member of the territorial council in 1828, was born in Ohio in 1780. When an infant, he was brought to Michigan with his father's family, who came with a party of Moravian missionaries and Indian con- verts, taken captives near Sandusky, Ohio, in 1782, by the British. These captives formed a settlement near the present site of Mt. Clemens, their only subsistence the first winter being venison, of which they obtained an abundance, by reason of a deep crusted MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 191 snow. His acquaintance with the Indian language gave him posi- tion as an interpreter, and secured him the appointment of sub- Indian agent for the state, which he held many years, visiting differ- ent points, and supervising the payment of annuities. He was with Gen. Cass at the making of the first treaty with the Indians at Fond- du-Lac. Mr. Connor became possessed of six hundred acres of land on the river above Detroit, which has become valuable. Through it passes Connor's creek, named after him. He was supervisor in 1818. In politics a Democrat. Died in 1840. RICHARD H. CONNOR, A Representative from Wayne county, session of 1859, was born July 26, 1814, in Grosse Point. He has always lived, and still lives, on the farm where he was born. He has served his township as supervisor and justice of the peace at various times, and in 1849 was sergeant-at- arms of the House of Representatives at Lansing. Has always been a Democrat. LUTHER F. CONRAD, Representative from second district of Clinton county in 1885, was born at Sharon, Medina county, Ohio, May 23, 1829. He was engaged in the late war, his regiment being the 180th Ohio. He moved to Michigan in 1868, where he has since lived. Mr. Conrad was for- merly a teacher, and at present is engaged in farming. He has held various township and county oflSces and was elected to the legislature, receiving 1,576 votes to 1,333 for R, M. Swigart, Republican, and 91 for C. E. Knapp, Prohibition. EZRA CONVIS, Speaker of the first legislature of Michigan, was born in Vermont. When young his parents removed to Chautauqua county, N. Y., where he received a common school education, and taught several terms. He came to Michigan in 1832 and was so well pleased that in 1834 he settled in Calhoun county, where he aided in building up Verona, for several years a rival of Battle Creek. While a resident of New York he served as justice, was brigadier general of state troops, and was considered an able officer. In 1835 Gen. Convis was elected a member of the first legislature of Michigan and became speaker of the House. In 1836 and 1837 he was again elected to the House, and was again speaker in 1836. He was a Democrat, and a supporter of the administration of Jackson. He was also a Mason, and a member 192 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. of the Baptist church. In the winter of 1837-38, while on his way- home from a wedding, he received injuries which resulted in his death at Detroit, in the spring of 1838. He was a man of great ability and public enterprise, successful in everything he undertook to do; fond of society, honest and energetic in his dealings. ASA B. COOK Was born in Joy, N. Y., May 30, 1809. In 1826 he went to Keesville, ' N. Y., and learned the waeon maker's trade. In 1832 he emigrated to Marshall, Michigan, and began the making of wagons in 1833, making the first in Calhoun county. In 1837 in company with others he built the first stone flouring mill, and the first merchant mill at Perrinville. The company operated the mill until 1842, then sold it. He then became a merchant and remained in that business until 1875. He was originally a Whig, and later a Republican. He was Representative from Calhoun county in 1857. DAVID R. COOK, Senator from Barry and Eaton counties in 1877-81-82, was born in the town of Canajoharie, N. Y., Sept. 1, 1830. He was reared a farmer; received a common school education and came to Michigan in 1854, where he settled on a farm in Prairieville, Barry county. In 1863 he removed to Hastings, and served as deputy register of deeds six years, since which time he has been engaged in the abstract and real estate business. He served several terms as supervisor, also as mayor and alderman of Hastings. In politics a Republican. ELIJAH F. COOK, Senator from Oakland county in 1838-9, was born in Montgomery county, N. Y., in 1805. By occupation a lawyer, in politics a Demo- crat. He settled in Rochester, Michigan, in 1831. Died in 1886. FRANCIS W. COOK, Representative from the first district of Muskegon county in 1883, was born in the village of Chemung, N. Y., October 30, 1848. At the age of eight years he came to Commerce, Oakland county. From there removed to Victor, Clinton county, residing there until 1867, working at farm labor summers and attending district school winters. Having acquired a common school education he entered the law MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 193 office of John Q. Patt,erson, at Ovid, in 1867, and was admitted to the bar in 1870. In the winter of 1870 he located in Muskegon and com- menced the practice of his profession, where he has since resided. In politics a Greenback-Democrat. Mr. Cook was the first Representa- tive ever elected in Michigan by a purely workingman's party. HERVEY COOK, Representative from Calhoun county in 1840, was born in Palestine, N. Y., February 16, 1788. He came to Saline, Michigan, in 1831, moved in 1882 to Homer, and settled on a farm near the village of Homer, in the present town of Eckford, where he lived until his death, September 4, 1874. He was moderator of the first town meet- ing in Homer, and afterwards held several offices. He was an elder of the Presbyterian church. Politically a Republican. JACOB COOK Was born in Morris county, N. J., December 34, 1800. He removed to Wayne county, N. Y., while young, and emigrated to York, Michi" gan, in 1831. He held the office of justice of the peace while Michi gan was a territory. In politics a Whig, and as such, was elected Representative in the legislature of 1841. By occupation a farmer. Died January 18, 1884. JOHN P. COOK, Representative in 1846, and Senator in 1847-8 and 1874, was born in Plymouth, N. Y., January 27, 1813. When young was engaged in farming, teaching and carpentry. Educated in common schools. Built a foundry at Detroit in 1833, removed to Jonesville in 1834, and was the first merchant in Hillsdale county. Settled at Hillsdale in 1837, built a flour mill, and was a merchant until 1863. He was a large contractor in the building of the Lake Shore railroad; engaged in banking from 1855 to 1863; has since been in the hardware and lumber trade, and is a large land owner; was the >first treasurer of Hillsdale county; the first postmaster of Hillsdale; long a member of the board of education, and trustee of Hillsdale college; and was a delegate to the constitutional convention of 1850. In politics a Democrat. 20 194 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. LEVI COOK, Secretary of the territory of Michigaa from January 30, 1830, to Feb- ruary 19, 1836, was born in Norfolk county, Mass., in 1792. He was for many years a leading merchant of Detroit, and closely identified with its interests. A Representative in the legislature of 1838. He was county commissioner, 1824 to 1837; trustee of Detroit, 1821-2; mayor in 1832, 1835 and 1836; alderman at large in 1828, and alder- man of the second ward in 1840-41; city treasurer in 1822; chief engineer of the fire deparment, 1833 to 1835, and held other offices of trust. He was a director and president of the Farmers and Mechan- ics' Bank for many years. He was prominent in educational interests and railroad enterprises, was liberal in church and society affairs, and was grand master of the Masonic fraternity for several years. He was orginally a Whig and afterwards a Republican. He retired from active business some twenty years before his death, Dec. 2, 1866. PETER COOK, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1873-4, was born in Phelps, N. Y., June 5, 1827. In 1831 he settled in York, Mich., where he now resides. He received a common school education, has been super- visor, and held other places of trust. By occupation a farmer. PETER J. COOK Was a member of the Michigan House from Allegan county in 1845. He came to Saugatuck in 1843 as an agent of a lumbering company, which was not very prosperous, made no permanent home there and stayed but a few years. WILLIAM COOK, Senator from Calhoun county in 1875-7, was born in Rome, N. Y., in 1819. He received a common school education; removed to Michigan in 1831; and was elected a member of the House in 1861-2-3-4. He has been a supervisor for many years. Now a farmer and grain dealer. A Republican in politics. ' ANTHONY COOLEY, Representative from Kalamazoo county in 1838, was born in Hamp- shire county, Mass., in 1794. Came to Prairie Ronde, Kalamazoo MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 195 county, in 1829, and was a farmer and amateur painter. Politically, first a Whig, then a Democrat. Died at Paw Paw in 1860. SLOAN COOLEY Was born November 24, 1816, in Cheshire, Mass. His parents removed to Galen, N. Y., in 1818, and in 1836 he came to White Lake, Mich., where he now resides. Representative in the legislature of 1861-2. By profession a farmer and surveyor. He was county surveyor in 1849, and is now holding a fifth term of that office. Now a Prohi- bitionist and claims that in 1884 he was the first Prohibitionist ever elected to office. THOMAS McINTYRE COOLEY Was born in Attica, N. Y., January 6, 1824. His father was a farmer, descended from an early family of New England farmers. After a good academic education he taught school three terms and in 1842 began the study of the law with Hon. Theron R. Strong, of Palmyra, N. Y. , afterwards one of the Supreme Judges of that state. He came to Adrian, Michigan, in September, 1843, and completed his law studies with Tiffany & Beaman. He was admitted to the bar in January, 1846, and for a while was a partner of Judge C. A. Stacy, of Tecumseh, but returned to Adrian in 1848. There he became one of the firm of Beaman, Beecher & Cooley, and afterward of Cooley & Croswell. In 1 857 he was elected by the legislature to compile the laws of the state, and completed the work within a year. In Janu- ary, 1858, he was appointed reporter of the Supreme Court, and while in that position published eight volumes of reports. In 1859, with Judge J. V. Campbell and C. I. Walker, he was appointed a professor of the law department of the State University, and remov- ing to Ann Arbor became the dean of the faculty. In 1864 he was elected a justice of the Supreme Court, and was re-elected in 1869 and in 1877, continuing in that position until October 1, 1885, when he resigned. During two years of each term he was chief justice. In 1868 he published a treatise on constitutional limitations which has passed through many editions, and is recognized authority wherever the English language is spoken. He has also written works on the law of taxation, also on the law of torts, which take high rank. He also edited editions of Blackstone's commentaries, and Story on the constitution, to which works h,e has added many valuable notes and citations. He was the author of the legal articles in the Ameri- can Encyclopedia, He has also written largely for reviews, and in 196 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 1885 wrote a valuable contribution to history, entitled " Michigan, a History of Governments," especially commenting upon constitutional questions that have arisen in the progress of the territory and state. He some years since resigned his position as professor of law, but accepted and ably filled the position of professor of history in the literary department of the University at Ann Arbor. For two sea- sons, in 1877 and 1878, he delivered courses of lectures at the John Hopkins University at Baltimore. As a law writer he takes high rank. In 1846 he married Mary E. Horton, of Tecumseh. She is now one of the governing board of the Industrial Home for girls at Adrian. He served a few months as receiver of the Wabash, and is now chairman of the interstate commission at Washington. HENRY H. COOLIDGE Was born at Leomister, Massachusetts, August 9, 1811. He was educated at Amherst college in 1836, emigrated to Cass county, Michi- gan, and was admitted to the bar in 1844. He was successful in law practice, and in 1872 was appointed judge of the circuit court, and in 1876 was elected to that position. Held other local offices. In religion a Presbyterian, in politics a Republican since 1854. He died some years since. GEORGE W. COOMER, Representative from the second district of Wayne county in 1885, was bom November 3, 1843, in Troy, Mich. His education was received in the common schools and Birmingham academy. Mr. Coomer is by profession a lawyer, having graduated from the law department of the Michigan University in the class of 1871; and was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court in April, 1871, located in Wyandotte in September following, where he has since resided. He has been city attorney eight years, and was nine years connected with the customs service. As the Republican candidate he received 1,793 votes to 1,617 for Mathew Markey, Democrat, and 193 for F. Amos, People's candi- date. MYKON COON, Representative from Wayne county in 1877, was born in Ontario coimty, N. Y., May 26, 1822. He removed to Redford, Michigan, in 1831, and to Greenfield, same county, in 1857. He was educated in the district schools. He has served as deputy sheriff, and has held the office of commissioner of highways. His occupation is farming. MICHIG A N BIOGR A PHY. 197 GEORGE B. COOPER, Representative from Jackson county in 1842, was born at Longhill, N. J., in 1807. Came to Michigan in 1829, settled at Jackson and was a merchant. Was State Senator in 1837 and 1838. Was appointed state treasurer March 17, 1846, and served in that position until March 13, 1850. In politics a Democrat. Went into the banking business at Jackson in 1851. In 1859 ran for congress against William A. Howard, of Detroit, and took his seat as a member, but finally was oustel and Mr. Howard was declared by the House entitled to the seat. Later removed to New Jersey and died at Shark River, in that state, in 1866. He was postmaster of Jackson in the early history of that city. GEORGE H. COOPER, Representative from the first district of Shiawassee county in 1881-2, was born in Sterling, N. Y., July 12, 1840. He came to Michigan in 1856, and began the study of dentistry in the city of Detroit, January 1, 1861. Having completed his studies in 1864, he began the practice of his profession, which he continued to follow until the autumn of 1872, when he abandoned it and engaged in the drug business in Ver- non, Shiawassee county, his present residence. Mr. Cooper was elected to the House by a vote of 1,683 to 1,053 for Thompson Reeves (Dem.), and 796 for George R. Hoyt (National). WALTER H. COOTS, Representative from the first district, Wayne county, in 1883, was born in Braintree, Essex county, England, in 1833. He came with his parents to this country in 1844, and resided in Brooklyn, N. Y., where he received a common school education. He spent six years in a provision house, and in 1854 settled in Detroit. Then established himself in the city hall market, and carried on a successful business until the 10th of January, 1877, when he assumed the duties of sheriff of Wayne county. He is a Republican. As the republican nominee for sheriff, in the election of 1876, he was elected, and was re-elected in 1878. Mr. Coots has three times become a member of the common council of Detroit (representing the old fifth ward), and has served in that capacity five years. He also served a term of three years as member of the board of sewer commissioners of the city of Detroit, and remained on duty until the board was replaced by the board of public works. As candidate for Representative he was chosen by 8,758 to 8,757 for his opponent. 198 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. BENJAMIN COPELAND, Representative from Jackson county in 1839 and 1841, was born in Norton, Mass., May 14, 1791, and graduated at Brown University, R. I., in 1815. He engaged in teaching and had a son of Audubon for a pupil while teaching near Natchez, Miss. He settled in Brooklyn, Mich., in 1835, built a large flouring mill, and for years was a promi- nent and enterprising citizen. In 1843 he removed to Clarendon, N. Y., and engaged in trade. Died January 15, 1879. JOSEPH T. COPELAND, Senator from St. Clair county in 1850-51, was born in New Castle, Maine, May 6, 1813. By profession a lawyer, in politics a Democrat. He settled at St. Clair, Mich., in 1844, and was judge of the county court from 1846 to 1849. In 1851 was elected circuit judge, which made him also a judge of the Supreme Court, and served from 1851 to 1857. Removed to Pontiac in 1851 and resided there until 1878, when he removed to Florida, and now resides at Orange Park. Is county judge of Clay county. He enlisted in 1862, was made lieu- tenant colonel of 1st cavalry, August 22, 1861; colonel 5th cavalry, August 14, 1862; brigadier general volunteers, November 29, 1862. Resigned November 8, 1865, and was honorably discharged. ALEXANDER B. COPLEY, Representative from the first district of Van Buren county, in 1865- '71-2-5-'81-2, was born in Champion, N. Y., March 11, 1822. He sub- sequently resided with his parents at several manufacturing villages in that state, removing in 1'j29 to Dayton, Ohio, and from there to Little Prairie Ronde, Michigan. His education was limited to the common schools of Mi<'.higan. His occupation was farming until 1874, when he removed to Decatur. His time is partly occupied in the first national bank of that place, of which bank he is president. He has been supervisor Ox Volinia township, Cass county, for six terms, and represented the first vl:?trict of that county in the legisla- tures of 1865 and 1871, and the first distriv^t of Van Buren county in 1875. He is a Republican. SANFORD H. CORBIN, Representative from Macomb county in 1851, settled in Armada, Michigan, in 1831. He was a house builder, and built the grist-mill in that town in 1834. MICHIGAN^ BIOGRAPHY. 199 WILLIAM CORBIN, Representative from Lenawee county in 1881-2, was born in Nichols, N. Y., July 30, 1825. Received a common school education, and came to Michigan in 1843. In 1847 became a merchant at Peters- burg and remained in that business fifteen years. Has held the oflfices of town clerk, supervisor and justice, was Senator in 1863, and a delegate in the constitutional convention of 1867. Has been engaged in farming, real estate, insurance, hardware and other business, and held other local positions. JEREMIAH D, COREY Was born in Onondaga county, N. Y., April 17, 1816. He was edu- cated at the Onondaga academy, came to Michigan in 1833, settled in Washtenaw county, and now resides at Manchester. He is a farmer, and a Democrat. Has been supervisor, justice of the peace, town clerk, school inspector, and a member of the school board and village council for many years. He has also been a railroad and bank director, and vice president of the People's bank at Manchester. He was Representative in 1867, and State Senator in 1875. PATRICK CORRIGAN, Representative from Monroe county in 1851, was born in Ireland, January 7, 1815. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Democrat. He settled in Exeter, Monroe county in 1835, held the offices of supervisor, town clerk, justice of the peace, and filled other town offices. Now resides at Monroe. CHARLES H. COSSITT, Representative from Shiawassee county in 1885, was born in Ocono- mowoc. Wis., July 10, 1848. At an early age he removed with his parents to Michigan, settling at Detroit, afterwards removing to Wayne, and from there to Lansing. He enlisted in the sixth Michi- gan cavalry, and served in the army of the Potomac, and in Utah territory, where he was mustered out of the service. Returning to Michigan, he located at Owosso, where he has been engaged in the foundry and machine business for the last fourteen years. In the year 1881 he was elected mayor and re-elected the following year. In politics a Democrat. 200 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. EBER W. COTTRELL, Representative from the third district of Wayne county in 1879-81-2, was born February 17, 1841, in Cottrellville, St. Clair county, Michi- gan, where his father and grandfather were also born and reared. He was educated at the Newport (now Marine City) academy, and, at an early age, commenced a maritime life upon the great lakes, where he became proficient in all branches of that profession. He made several sea voyages, and spent some time upon the Mississippi and other Southern rivers. In 1868 he married and removed to Greenfield, Wayne county. He there entered upon agricultural pur- suits, successfully managing one of the finest stock farms in the state. He has devoted considerable time to the interests of stock-breeding, and has written extensively upon agricultural topics for the press. He wrote a series of letters from the West Indies for the Detroit Tribune, while making a tour among those islands in 1866-7. He has filled the offices of justice of the peace, supervisor, and superintend- ent of schools for the township of Greenfield, and member of the republican state central committee. JOHN F. COULTER, Representative from Berrien county in 1871-2, is by occupation a farmer and stock raiser, in politics a Republican. In 1874 he removed to Fillmore county, Nebraska, and in 1878 represented the 23d sena- torial district, comprising the counties of Fillmore and Clay, in the senate of Nebraska, and was also a member of the capitol building board, which commenced the building of a new capitol at Lincoln. In 1882 he removed to Kansas, and in 1884 was elected Representa- tive from the 40th district to the Kansas legislature. Now resides at Kinsley, Kansas. LEWIS M. COVERT Wag born at Romulus, N. Y., April 5, 1818. He was by occupation a teacher and farmer. He came to Michigan in 1832, and settled in Oakland county. In politics a Democrat. He was treasurer of Troy ; Representative in the legislature of 1851 ; and supervisor of Water- ford township in 1854 and 1856. Died January 11, 1857. GEORGE Y. COWAN, Representative from Eaton county in 1863-4, was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., December 25, 1812. He came to Michigan in 1836, is MTCHIGAK BIOGRAPHY. 201 a farmer by occupation, and politically a Republican. He resides at Eaton Rapids. ROBERT COX, Representative from Hillsdale county in 1861-2, was born in North Branch, N. J., April 30, 1813. When young was a resident of the state of New York, and came to Lenawee county, Michigan, in 1829. In 1834 he located a farm in Wheatland, Hillsdale county. In politics a Whig until 1854, since, a Republican. Has held several local offices and is still a resident of Wheatland. JAMES CRAIG, Representative from Wayne county in 1875, was born in Ticonderoga, N. Y., December 2, 1823. He received an academic education. He removed to Detroit in 1847, where he has continued to reside, pursu- ing the business of a merchant. In politics a Democrat. GEORGE W. CRANDALL, Representative from Wayne county in 1877, was born in Dearborn Michigan, in 1834. Was a student at Adrian college, but enlisted, serving through the rebellion. Now a farmer in Dearborn, In politics a Republican. ALEXANDER D. CRANE, Judge of the 4th circuit from 1873 to 1876, was born at Metz, N. Y., October 5, 1809. He came to Michigan in 1827, and was the first blacksmith at Dexter. He was admitted to the bar in 1843, having previously served ten years as deputy sheriff and tax collector. He has been postmaster of Dexter and prosecuting attorney. He went into the service as a captain in 1861, but soon resigned from ill health. Is now a justice, and in law practice at Dexter. ARCHER H. CRANE, Representative from Lenawee county in 1869, 1870-1-2, was born in Onondaga county, N. Y., March 30,1821. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Republican. Has held- the office of supervisor ten years. He settled in Freedom, Washtenaw county, in 1834, but for the last •twenty years has lived in Lenawee county. Now living at Hudson. 202 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. FLAVIUS J. B. CRANE. Representative from Livingston county in 1838, was born in Can an - daigua, N. Y., in 1812; with a common school education, he was for years a clerk, and came to Detroit in 1835. He, with Edward Brooks, owned and platted the village of Howell, and was the first postmaster in 1836, also the same year was county clerk. Later resided at Ann Arbor, where he was postmaster and a real estate dealer. From 1851 to 1872 was a resident of Detroit, and acquired a fortune in real estate. From 1872 until his death, in 1886, was a resident of Denver, Colo- rado, where he was largely interested in Sunday school work. GEORGE CRANE Was born in Norton, Mass., March 30, 1783. He removed to Wayne county, N. Y. , in 1804, and lived in Macedon until 1833, when he set- tled in Palmyra, Michigan, where he took up 2,500 acres of land. He built the first frame house in the town in 1833. He was a stockholder and director of the Erie & Kalamazoo railroad company, organized in 1834 to construct a railroad from Toledo to Adrian. He was one of three commisioners to locate the road. At a later date he was presi- dent of the road, holding that position several years, during which time he executed a lease of the road for ninety-nine years to the Michigan Southern railroad company. He was the first supervisor of Palmyra, and was several times re-elected; was for several years a county commissioner; and was a Representative in 1851. He was one of the most prominent men of Lenawee county in its early history In religion a Quaker. He was generous, honest, pure and unselfish, and had the respect and confidence of all classes of people. He died at Palmyra, April 17, 1856. GEORGE L. CRANE Was bom in Palmyra (now Macedon), N. Y., November 20, 1810. He came to Palmyra, Michigan, in 1833, where his father located 2,500 acres of land, and took an active , part in building the railroad from Toledo to Adrian, of which he was a leading stockholder and director. The son settled on a farm in Madison, Lenawee county, in 1835, and for many years followed surveying. He was supervisor, and held many other town offices, and was a Representative in 1863-4, as a Republican. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 203 HENRY ROWLAND CRAPO, Governor of Michigan from 1865 to 1869, was born at Dartmouth, Bristol county, Massachusetts, May 28, 1804, and died at Flint, Michi- gan, July 22, 1869. His father was of French descent, and was very poor, cultivating a farm which yielded little. His early life was one of toil, but an eager desire for an education led him to endure sacri- fices that required great energy and perseverance to overcome. He fitted himself for teaching and took charge of the village school at Dartmouth. When this was changed to a high school he became its principal. In 1832 he removed to New Bedford, where he followed the occu- pation of a land surveyor. He was soon elected town clerk, collector of taxes, and treasurer, which office he held for many years. He was also alderman; police justice for many years; chairman of the council committee on education, and in that capacity made a report that led to the establishment of a free public library in New Bedford, the first in Massachusetts. He interested himself to a large extent in horti- culture, and started a nursery which he filled with fruit and orna- mental trees, shrubs, flowers, etc. At horticultural fairs in Boston and elsewhere he exhibited 150 varieties of pears, and 120 varieties of roses, all of his own raising. He was also a regular contributor to the New England Horticultural Journal, while he lived in Massachu- setts. He was also engaged in the whaling business, and took an active interest in the state militia, of which he was a colonel. He was president of the Bedford county mutual fire insurance, and sec- retary of the Bedford commercial insurance companies. He removed to Flint, Michigan, in 1S56, to care for large pine inter- ests, in which he had invested in 1837 and 1856. He engaged largely in the manufacture and sale of lumber in Flint, Fentonville, Holly and Detroit, and was one of the largest and most successful dealers in the state. He was instrumental in securing the building of the Flint & Holly railroad, and was its president until it was merged in the Flint & Pere Marquette Railroad Co. He was early elected mayor of Flint, and took an active part in its educational and municipal affairs. He was elected State Senator from Genesee county in 1863-4, and was chairman of the committee on banks and incorporations, and a member of the committee on bounties to soldiers. In 1864 he was elected governor of Michigan and was re-elected in 1866. He served the state with great energy, zeal and ability. The striking features of his administration were his veto of bills granting railway aid legislation, and his refusal to pardon convicts, except upon the clearest proofs of their innocence, or of extreme sentence. I 204 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. He interested himself in farming and reclaimed from the swamp eleven hundred acres in the town of Gaines, now one of the best farms in the state. He also imported Hereford, Shorthorn and Devon cat- tle, and Southdown, Cotswold and Leicester sheep. He was for one year president of the Genesee county agricultural society. During the last years of his life he was a regular contributor to the Albany Country Gentleman. He was a member of the Christian, sometimes called the Disciples church. In 1825 he married Mary Ann Slocuni, of Dartmouth, Massachusetts. They had ten children — one son and nine daughters. His son, William W. Crapo, for many years was member of congress from New Bedford, Massachusetts. Mr. Crapo in early hfe was a Whig, but was an active member of the republican party from its organization. ISAAC E. CRARY Was born October 2, 1804, at Preston, Conn. He received a good education, and graduated at Trinity college. In 1833 he came to Marshall, and engaged in a successful law practice. He was a mem- ber of the first constitutional convention of 1835; a Representative in the legislature of 1842, and again in 1846, when he was elected speaker. He was elected the first and then the only member of con- gress from Michigan in 1835, and was re-elected in 1837 and in 1839, serving six years as the sole Representative. In this position he secured the passage of the first law of the kind, giving section sixteen in every township of the state for the benefit of common schools. All previous grants had been given to townships and effected little good. It was by his advice that John D. Pierce was appointed the first super- intendent of public instruction in this state. He was early and closely connected with the educational interests of the state. He always acted with the democratic party. He was a member of the state con- stitutional convention of 1850. He died May 8, 1854. ISAAC M. CRAVATH, Senator from Ingham and Clinton counties in 1871-2, was born Feb- ruary 14, 1826, and died May 4, 1872. He was brought up on a farm, and was in politics first free soil, then a Republican. In 1855 he be- came a clerk in the auditor general's office, where he held a place many years. He also was for a time editor of the Lansing Repuhli- can. He went to the war as captain in the 12th Michigan infantry, was engaged in the battle of Shiloh, hut resigned from ill health. His wife, Mira E. Fiske, was a sister of President Fiske, of Albion college. h MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY. 205 ROBERT E. CRAVEN Was born in King wood, N. J., April 13, 1811. He removed to the state of New York in 1830, and in 1835 came to Michigan. In 1841 he settled in Duplain, Clinton county, where he resided until his death, November 16, 1855. He was three terms county commissioner and for many years a supervisor. By occupation a farmer, and for twelve years a lumberman. In politics a Republican. He was a Represent- ative in the legislature of 1853. JAMES CRAWFORD, Elected Representative from Keweenaw county in 1869-'70, was born in Washington, D. C, November 20, 1830. He spent most of his early life in New York city, from whence he came to the Upper Peninsula in 1846. He was an explorer and surveyor, and a Democrat in poli- tics. He was an energetic political worker. Died at Eagle River, August 18, 1882. JOHN G. CRAWFORD, Senator from Oakland county in 1865, was born in Massachusetts, April 21, 1834. By profession a lawyer, in politics Republican. He came to Michigan in 1861, resided in Holly until 1867, in Fenton from 1867 to 1370, in the state of New Hampshire from 187C to 1881, and is now engaged in the practice of law at Clinton, Mass. He enlisted August 2, 1861, as sergeant major in the 2nd Michigan cavalry, was promoted to lieutenant in September, 1862, and became acting adju- tant. Resigned in April, 1863. Was recorder of Holly in 1865-6, town clerk of Lancaster, N. H., in 1877, was appointed a consul to Canada in 1881 and served until July, 1884. RICHARD J. CREGO, Representative from Jackson county in 1861-2-3-4, and Senator in 1865, was born in Newsteed, N. Y. , March 19, 1819. By occupation a farmer, in politics first a Whig then Republican. He came to Michi- gan with his father in 1834, who settled on a farm in Columbia, Jackson county. The son took up a farm in Liberty, where he lived until 1864, when he removed to Columbia and lived on the farm taken up by his father, until his death, October 8, 1872. He was supervisor of Liberty for eight terms. 21 206 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. ALONZO CRESSY Was born in Scipio, N. Y., in 1808. He received a fair education, studied medicine, and began practice at Lima, N. Y. There he mar- ried a daughter of Dr. Justin Smith, and emigrated to Clinton, Michigan, in 1831. In 1832 he accompanied a detachment of troops sent to the Black Hawk war as far as Chicago, treating many at_ tacked with cholera and studying the malady in hospital. In 1836 he was elected Representative as an Independent. He removed to Hillsdale, in 1855 was Senator from Hillsdale county, and toward the close of the session was president pro teni. He was first an Anti- slavery Whig, later a Republican, and the latter portion of his life a Democrat. He took high rank as a physician. He was presiding officer of the Sons of Temperance for two years. He died many years since. MARTIN CROCKER, Representative from the first district of Macomb county in 1887, was born at New Baltimore, Michigan, February, 1858. He is a son of Judge Thomas M. Crocker, who is well known throughout the eastern portion of the state as an able lawyer and prominent Demo- crat. In 1876 Martin Crocker entered his fathers office and began the study of law. In 1880 he was admitted to the bar and has since been engaged in active practice. In 1881 he was elected alderman of the first ward of Mt. Clemens, and alderman-at large in 1886; at present he is city attorney. He was elected on the Democratic ticket to the House of 1887-8 by a vote of 1,514 to 1,293 for Louis A. Allor, Republican and Knight of Labor candidate, and 149 for Gass Lyons, Prohibitionist. THOMAS M. CROCKER Was born at Pawlet, Vt., November 23, 1825. His education was received At public and private schools in Granville, N. Y. At the age of eighteen he came to Macomb county, Michigan, and for several years worked upon a farm summers and taught school winters. In 1852 he removed to New Baltimore, where he was postmaster for seven years. While in that position he studied law. In 1862 he was elected prosecuting attorney of Macomb county, removed to Mt. Clemens; and became a law partner of Hon. Giles Hubbard, which continued until the death of Mr. Hubbard in 1876. He then formed a partnership with H. B. Hutchins until 1884. From 1864 to 1868 he was probate judge of Macomb county. In 1867 he was delegate to the constitutional convention. He is a Democrat. / MICHIGAN^ BIOGRAPHY. 207 GEORGE W. CROFOOT Was born at Pavillion, N. Y., March 21, 1834. His early life was passed on a farm and attending common schools. At the age of eighteen he came to Pinckney, Michigan, and engaged in teaching for two years. Has also been engaged in farming and mercantile business, the larger portion of his life in farming. Has always been a Republican, and was supervisor of Putnam fourteen years. He was a Representative in 1871 and 1872, and was judge of probate of Livingston county from 1881 to 1885. CALVIN B. CROSBY, Senator from the second district, Wayne county, in 1887, was born in Pompey, Onondaga county, N. Y., August 29, 1829. He has been a resident of Michigan forty-five years. During the late civil war he served in the 24th Michigan infantry. He has been made president of Plymouth village twice, and treasurer of Wayne county twice. He was elected on the republican ticket to the State Senate by a vote of 6,134 to 6,092 for Lyman A. Brant, and 409 for Lewis Briggs, prohibition candidate. HALE E. CROSBY, Representative from Berrien county in 1857, was born in Ashburn- ham, Mass., October 15, 1810. Occupation, a farmer; politics, first anti-slavery and republican, now independent. Came to Michigan in 1844, and resided at New Buffalo about forty years. Published an anti-slavery paper in New Hampshire, when anti-slavery mobs were of frequent occurrence. Supervisor five terms and chairman of board. Now resides at Three Oaks, Michigan. MOREAU S. CROSBY Was born in the town of Manchester, Ontario county, New York, December 2, 1839. He graduated from the University of Rochester in 1863. He first came to Michigan in 1857, and settled in Grand Rapids. He was a member of the board of education of that city for four years; was for several years trustee of the Kalamazoo college' has been president of the young men's christian association of Grand Rapids for five years, and of the young men's state christian asso- ciation for two years, and was for, some years a member of the state board of charities. He is engaged in the real estate and insurance business, as a niiember of the long established firm of J. S. Crosby & 208 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. Co. He was elected to the State Senate for 1873-4. Mr. Crosby was elected lieutenant governor in 1880, and re-elected to the same office in 1882, having been nominated in both instances by acclamation. He received in the election 157,925 votes to 149,443 for Eugene Pringle, Democrat and Greenback, and 4,440 for the prohibition candidate. JOHN S. CROSS, Representative from the second district of Van Buren county in 1885-7, was bom at Bangor, Michigan, May 4, 1849. He received his educa- tion in the district and village schools, with the exception of one term at Hillsdale college. In 1870 he entered the service of the C. & M. L. S. R. R. as assistant in the surveys and construction of that road, and for four years was engaged in similar work, filling various positions. In April, 1884, he resigned his position as civil and mining engineer for the Lehigh coal and navigation company of Pennsylvania, and engaged in the real estate and insurance business at Bangor, where he has since resided. He is a RepubUcan and was elected Represent- ative for 1887-8 by a vote of 1,967 to 1,340 for William Killefer, Fusionist, and 139 for Augustus Haren, Prohibitionist. ALANSON CROSSMAN Was born at St. Johnsbury, Vt. He was educated at Montpelier, Vt. He came to Michigan in 1831, settling at Dexter, and was at first engaged in the "wagon and blacksmith " business. He built the first storehouse for the Michigan Central railroad at Dexter. He held office of some kind until his death, in 1853. He was a Democrat in politics and was elected Representative in 1835 and 1836. DANIEL L. CROSSMAN Was bom in Brutus, Cayuga county, N. Y., Nov. 4, 1836, the young- est of five children. His father, a native of Conn., was a farmer until 1844, when, his older children being married, his wife dead, he married a second wife, and with this son removed to Michigan, and settled on land he had taken up from the government in 1836, in the town of Ingham, Ingham county, where he commenced the business of selling goods; thus the son when not in school had the education of a country and village store, supplemented by two years at Michi- gan Central college, then located at Spring Arbor, Jackson county, Michigan. In 1855 the father moved to Ann Arbor, and the son sue- MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 209 ceeded to the business, which he continued till 1871. He was always familiarly known as '* Dan," so when in 1856 the village was platted by him, it was named "Dans" ville. He was married in 1859; was one of Lincoln's postmasters from 1861 to '65; corresponding clerk of House of Representatives in 1865; several times supervisor, both of Ingham and Williamston townships; chairman of the board of super- visors; member of the House of Representatives from the second dis- trict of Ingham county for 1867 and 1869; member of the board of control of the state reform school from 1869 to 1875; treasurer of that board, 1873 to '75; chief clerk of the House of Representatives continuously since 1873— seven terms— several times elected to that position by the unanimous vote of 100 members (all parties); served 1876 as one of the Hayes electors, and was secretary of the special tax commission of 1883. Politics republican. In 1871 removed to Williamston, Mich., and engaged in the business of grain buying and milling, opening in connection therewith a private exchange bank. JOHN S. GROSSMAN Was born at Elbridge, N. Y., August 19, 1820. He came to Michi- gan in 1839 and settled in Ingham, Ingham county, and for two years was supervisor of that town. He was Representative in the legislature of 1851. He went to the Pacific coast, and in November, 1852, was elected a delegate to the constitutional convention at Car- son, Nevada. In 1864 he was elected lieutenant governor of Nevada, which office he held for two years and one month, and was ex-officio warden of the Nevada state prison. He returned to Michigan in 1875. He was postmaster of Williamston, Michigan, from 1878 until his death, September 17, 1884. He was also one of the county superin- tendents of the poor for several years. A Republican in politics. CHARLES M. CROSWELL, Governor of Michigan from 1877 to 1881, was born at Newbury, New York, October 31, 1825, and was the son of John and Lottie ( Hicks) Croswell. His father, of Scotch-Irish extraction, was a paper maker, and carried on business in New York city. The family were con- spicuous in New York history, and included Harry Croswell, who was prosecuted for an alleged libel on President Jefferson, and was defended by Alexander Hamilton, also Rev. William Croswell, divine and poet, and Edwin Croswell, editor of the Albany Argus. When seven years of age his mother and sister died, and three 210 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. months later, he lost his father. An orphan, his uncle, James Berry, a house builder and contractor, took charge of him. He came with him to Adrian in 1837, and until the age of twenty was a portion of the time working at the trade with his uncle, and the balance in school. In 1846 he was appointed deputy clerk of Lenawee county, and during the four years he held that office he pursued the study of the law. In 1850 he was elected register of deeds on the whig ticket, and was re-elected in 1852. He was a delegate in 1854, to the con- vention at Jackson which organized the republican party, and was its secretary. In 1855 he became a partner of Judge T. M. Cooley in the law business, which continued until Judge Cooley became law professor at Ann Arbor, and removed there. In 1862 he was ap- pointed city attorney of Adrian, and the same year was elected mayor. In the fall of that year he was elected State Senator, and at the session of 1863 was appointed chairman of the judiciary commit- tee, a position he held three times successively as Senator. He was active in legislative matters and strongly supported President Lin- coln in his emancipation proclamation, and vigorously opposed legis- lation in favor of municipal aid to railways. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1867, and its president. He was a presidential elector in 1868; in 1873-4 a Representative to the House, and was elected speaker. He was an able presiding officer, and no appeal was ever taken from his decisions. After the session he be- came secretary of the state board of charities, serving until 1877. In 1876 he was nominated for governor at the state republican convention by acclamation, o.nd was elected by a large majority. He was renominated by acclamation in 1878 and was re-elected, serving from 1877 to 1881. He was a careful and able executive. He vetoed many bills, none of which were passed over his veto. Both in public and private life his career was exemplary, useful and successful. He was an attendant of the Presbyterian church at Adrian, and enjoyed in private life the respect and esteem of the people of Michigan. He died suddenly at Adrian, December 13, 1886. ROBERT GROUSE, Representative from Livingston county in 1848, was born in Avon, N. Y., October 2, 1813. He came to Michigan in 1832, and from 1834 to 1841 was a merchant at Kensington, then became a mill owner and farmer in Hartland. In 1860 he became interested in real estate and the manufacture of salt at East Saginaw, and in 1862 built the Grouse block and the Everett house. He was a delegate in the con" MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 211 stitutional convention of 1850, and was Senator in 1859. Died in February, 1869. JAMES A. CROZER, Representative from Menominee county in 1885, was born in Hills- boro, Ohio, in 1844, and went to Ontonagon, in 1857. He belonged to Co. A, 27th Michigan infantrv, and was color sergeant of that regi- ment. He was wounded three times. He was raised a printer, and has occupied editorial positions on several papers in this state, but for several years has been in the lumber business, and president of the Menominee Bay Shore lumber company, the Wancedah lumber and cedar company, a director in the first national bank and electric light company of Menominee, and member of the common council of that city. He was elected to the legislature on the republican ticket, without opposition. JONATHAN H. CULVER, Representative from Branch county in 1847, was born in Canandaigua, N. Y., February 1, 1819, and died January 20, 1873. Came to Michi- gan in 1836, settled as a farmer in Matteson, Branch county, where he always lived. Was for many years supervisor of the town. JAMES L. CURRY Was born December 30, 1825, in Enfield, N. Y., and received a com- mon school education. He went to New Haven, Ohio, in 1847, and in 1856 to Bath, 111., for four years. He returned to Tontogany, Ohio, in 1860, where he remained until 1865, when he settled in Clio, Michi- gan. He served from 1861 to 1864 in an Ohio regiment, rising to the rank of colonel. By occupation a lumber merchant. He was a Representative from Genesee county in 1869-70, and State Senator in 1873-4. In politics a Republican. SOLOMON S. CURRY, Representative from Marquette in 1875, was born in Lancaster, Canada, June 12, 1840; received a common school education; removed to Michigan in 1861, and settled in Houghton county. In 1862 he went to Marquette, where he has since resided. He was a mining superintendent for several years; has followed the business of a con- tractor. In politics a Democrat. 212 MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY. FREDERICK W. CURTENIUS Was born in the city of New York, September 30, 1806. His father, Peter Curtenius, was a general in the war of 1812, marshal of the state of New York, and for many years member of the New York legislature. Mr. Curtenius graduated at Hamilton college in 1823, studied law, then went to South America, enlisted as a lieutenant, and helped free them from the yoke of Spain. In 1881 he was colonel of N. Y. militia. In 1835 he removed to Michigan, and com- menced farming at Grand Prairie. In 1847 he raised a company for the first Michigan infantry, was captain, and under Colonel Stockton served through the war with Mexico. In 1855 he was appointed adjutant general of Michigan, and held that position until 1861. He then became colonel of the 6th Michigan infantry, served in Louisiana, but being under arrest for refusing to surrender slaves to their masters, he indignantly resigned. He was Senator in 1853 and 1867; collector of internal revenue two years; president of Kalamazoo; for many years treasurer of the Michigan asylum; president of the Kalamazoo city bank; and an ardent friend and strong financial supporter of the female seminary. First a Whig, then a Republican. A Presbyterian, and leading Odd Fellow. Died at Kalamazoo, July 13, 1883. ISRAEL CURTIS, Representative from Macomb county in 1849, was an early settler in the town of Erin, where he was justice of the peace as early as 1838. He was supervisor of that town in 1844 and 1845. JOHN L. CURTIS, Senator from Kent county in 1885, was born at Brooklyn, Conn. , in 1835. He received a liberal education at Lima seminary, and at the age of nineteen taught school. The money he thus realized he ex- pended in a thorough course of instruction at Bryant & Stratton's commercial college, Buffalo. He came West to Milwaukee,Wis. , where he was married in 1865. Leaving there soon after he took a position as traveling salesman for a Chicago wholesale house, where he remained five years. In 1871 he started a paper and oil house in Grand Rapids. He is to-day at the head of the extensive wholesale house of Curtis, Dunton & Co., of that city. Mr. Curtis was elected to the office of alderman for the first ward in 1878, and served two years. He was elected Senator on the Fusion ticket by a vote of 10,007 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 213 to 8,854 for Horace T. Barnaby, Republican, and 1,097 for J. H. May- nard, Prohibitionist. LESTER CURTIS, Representative from Marquette county in 1877, was born in Yates county, N. Y., January 29, 1829. He removed to Michigan in 1842, and settled in Northfield, Washtenaw county. In 1867 he removed to Rio, Wisconsin, and engaged in mercantile pursuits, and from thence to Ishpeming, Michigan, in 1874, where he has since been in mercan- tile business. He received a common school education. In politics a Republican. NORMAN D. CURTIS, Senator from Monroe county in 1838-9, was born in Madison county, N. Y., in 1803. He came to Michigan in 1827, and practiced as a phy- sician until his death in December, 1860. He was several times supervisor of the town and city of Monroe. In politics a Democrat. THOMAS CURTIS, Representative from Oakland county in 1841, settled as a regular phy- sician on a farm, the present site of New Hudson, Oakland county, in 1832. He built the first hotel in Kensington, and was the fii:st post- master of New Hudson in 1834. WILLIAM H. CURTIS, Representative from Ottawa county in 1873-4-9, was born in Lysan- der, N. Y., July 15, 1828. ^ He received a common school education. In 1853 he settled in Waterloo, Michigan. In 1856 he removed to Georgetown, Ottawa county, and in 1866 to Jamestown, where he now resides. He has held several responsible offices of trust. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Republican. EDWIN M. OUST Was born in Devonshire, England, September 25, 1800. He was the son of wealthy parents, attended college at Eton and Cambridge, studied law, was admitted to the bar, but never practiced on account of ill health. He traveled extensively in Europe and India. He mar- ried Marianna Ward in 1828 and came to Hamburg, Mich., in 1837, 214 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. and settled on a farm, now occupied by his only daughter, Mary, the wife of Adolph Buck. Mr. Oust was a Democrat and was State Sen- ator in 1842, 1843, 1844 and 1845, and an influential member. He was president pro tern, of the Senate in 1844. He was a thoroughly edu- cated English gentleman, and received an annuity from England which made him independent as to means. He greatly enjoyed society, spending much of his time in Detroit, where he numbered many friends. He died at Detroit, January 9, 1852, and was buried at Elm- wood. BYRON M. CUTCHEON, Of Manistee, was born at Pembroke, N. H., May 11, 1836; pursued his preparatory studies at Pembroke, and completed them at Ypsi" lanti, Michigan, where he removed in 1855, graduated from the University of Michigan, classical course, in 1861; became principal of the high school at Ypsilanti, in 1861; was captain, major, lieuten- ant colonel, and colonel of the twentieth Michigan infantry 1862-64; was brevet colonel, and colonel of the twenty-seventh Michigan infantry, and brevet brigadier-general *' for conspicuous gallantry," 1864-65; was twice wounded (at Spottsylvania court house; was assigned to the command of the second brigade, first division, army of the Potomac, in 1864; was mustered out in 1865; studied law, graduated from Michigan University law school, in 1866, and com- menced the practice at Manistee, in 1867, where he has since resided; was a member of the board of control of railroads of Michigan, 1866- '83; was presidential elector, 1868; was city attorney, 1870 and *71; was prosecuting attorney, 1873-'74; regent of the Michigan Uni- versity, 1875-'83; postmaster at Manistee city, 1877-'83; was elected to the forth-eighth and forty-ninth congresses, and was elected to the fiftieth congress as a Republican, receiving 17,226 votes against 14,198 for Mason, Fusionist, and 2,393 for Ellis, Prohibitionist. OTIS E. M. CUTCHEON, Representative from the Midland county district, in 1879-81-2, was born in Dryden, N. Y., August 8, 1845. His parents moved to Albion, Michigan, in 1846, and settled upon a farm. He received his educa- tion at Albion college, and for a time followed teaching. Having pursued the study of law at Charlotte, Mich., he was admitted to the bar in 1872. He was elected prosecuting attorney of Iosco county, in 1872; was re-elected in 1874; was appointed county superintendent MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 215 of schools in February, 1873; was elected to the same office in April following, and was elected circuit court commissioner in 1874. SULLIVAN M. CUTCHEON, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1861-2-3-4, and speaker in 1863-4, was born in Pembroke, N. H., October 4, 1843. He graduated at Dartmouth college in 1856, and the same year became a resi- dent of Ypsilanti, there taught until 1858, when he became superin- tendent of schools at Springfield, 111., for two years, and was admitted to the Illinois bar. He practiced law at Ypsilanti until 1875, since at Detroit. He was chairman of the constitutional commission of 1873, and from 1877 to 1885 was U. S. district attorney of eastern Michigan. Is president of the dime savings bank, trustee of Harper hospital and Olivet college, and director in several corporations. In politics a Uepublican. He was chairman of the Michigan delegation at the republican national convention in 1868. Is the head of the law firm of Cutcheon, Crane & Stellwagen. During many campaigns was a leading republican speaker. In religion a Presbyterian. He married Josephine Moore in 1859. MILO H. DAKIN, Representative from Saginaw county in 1885-7, was born in the town of Ingham, Mich., Oct. 1, 1848. His parents both dying when he was but thirteen years of age, he was thrown upon his own resources. At fifteen he enlisted in company C, ninth regiment Michigan cavalry, and served until the close of the war, eighteen months in all, when he went to Ionia county, where he was engaged in work upon a farm for nearly four years; he then went to Montcalm county, obtained a place ju a saw mill, remaining there four years and then .removed to Sagi- naw county, where he has since resided, being employed in the mills during the summer and in the woods in winter as a shingle inspector and packer. Politics, labor. JAMES DALY, Representative from'jWayne county in 1875, was born in Roscommon county, Ireland, Jan. 25, 1830. In 1836 he emigrated to America with his father's family, settling in Alleghany county, N. Y., where he received a common school education. In 1847 the family removed to Michigan, near Detroit, in which city he has since resided. He has held several ward offices, including that of school inspector, and has 216 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. served two terms as alderman. He is by occupation a merchant, in politics a Democrat. JOHN A. DAMON, Representative from Tuscola county in 1887, was born in Madison, Ohio, June 4, 1850. In 1855 he removed with his parents to Dane county, Wisconsin, where his time was spent on a farm until he entered the Wisconsin state university, at Madison, taking the pre- paratory and reg^ular classical course for four years. After teaching two terms he went to Beloit, Wisconsin, and engaged as clerk in the drug business. In March, 1876, he removed to Millington, Michigan, where he has since carried on the drug trade. He has held the office of village treasurer and township superintendent of schools. He was elected Representative on the republican ticket, receiving 1,662 votes to 1,137 for John Q. A. Burrington, Fusionist. EPHRAIM B. DANFORTH, Of Orange county, N. Y., settled at Mason, Mich., in 1837, as agent of Noble & Co., who owned the site of that city. He was one of the firm. He named the place after Gov. Mason. He was the first post- master, and associate county judge in 1838 and 1842; Senator in 1847- 8; and delegate in the constitutional convention of 1850. He was a leader in locating the capital at Lansing. Removed to Lansing in 1850 and died in 1853. GEORGE DANFORTH, Senator from Washtenaw county in 1851, was a lawyer, and settled in practice at Ann Arbor about 1835. He was a man of wit and genial qualities, and kept everybody around him in good humor. In politics a Democrat. Died about 1856. DAVID I. DANIELS, Representative from Clinton county in 1859, was born in Scipio, N. Y., April 16, 1817. He came to Watertown, Mich., at an early day. He studied law late in life, was admitted to the bar in 1852, and prac- ticed until his death, April 11, 1874. He was supervisor, and for four years circuit court commissioner. In politics a Republican. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 217 EBENEZER DANIELS, Representative from Lenawee county in 1841, was born in 1803. By- occupation a merchant, in politics a Whig. He settled at Medina, Michigan, in 1803. Died June 1, 1862. HENRY DARLING, Representative from Lenawee county in 1851, emigrated from the state of New York to Macon, Mich., where he died. In politics a Whig. ARCHIBALD B. DARRAGH, Representative from Gratiot county in 1883, was born in Monroe county, Michigan, December 23, 1840. He prepared for college at the Monroe academy, and graduated at the Michigan University in 1868. While a student enlisted in 1862 as a private soldier in the 18th Michigan volunteer infantry; was transferred in January, 1863, to the 9th Michigan volunteer cavalry, in which regiment he served until the close of the war. He became principal of the union schools at Jackson, Mich., for two years, resigning to accept the office of county superintendent of schools for Jackson county. He removed to Gratiot county, Mich,, in 1870, and established the first banking office in that county at St. Louis, where he now resides, engaged in the same business. He has held the offices of county treasurer, and president of St. Louis, also several minor local offices. In politics a Republican. LEWIS DARRAGH, Hepresentative from Monroe county in 1847, was born in McConnells- burg, Pa., April 29, 1809. He came to LaSalle, Monroe county, in 1833. His occupation was that of justice of the peace, his politics democratic. He died July 5, 1887. GEORGE DAVENPORT, Representative from Lapeer county Michigan, in 1881-2-3, was bom in the city of New York, March 23, 1833. In 1837 he removed, with his parents, to Hadley, Michigan. He has since resided there, except in the years 1857-8, which he spent in New York. He afterwards returned to Hadley and engaged in farming. He has held various township offices, having been elected township treasurer in 18^1, and 22 218 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. again in 1863, which position he resigned. August 9, 1862, he enhsted as a private in company K, fourth Michigan cavalry. When dis- charged, at the close of the war, he was first sergeant. He partici- pated in the capture of Jefferson Davis. He has filled the office of supervisor several terms. A farmer by occupation. In politics a Republican. GEORGE DAVENPORT, Senator from the twenty-fifth district, Saginaw county, in 1885, was- born in Saginaw City, Michigan, January 11, 1840, his parents having moved to Saginaw June 2, 1835. Senator Davenport received a com - mon school education, and at the age of twenty years commenced teaching. Taught thirteen years. Was successfully engaged for eight years in the manufacture of lumber and shingles ; was engaged in farming; served six years as alderman; was twice appointed to fill a vacancy on the board of supervisors. In politics a Democrat. JAMES I. DAVID. Representative from Wayne county in 1859 and Senator in 1875, was born in Catskill, N. Y., August 20, 1830. His early business life was- as a contractor in canal and bridge work. He settled on Grosse Isle in 1848, and his general business has since been lumbering. He is known as Col. David, and has a flattering war record. He was a lieutenant in Broadhead's cavalry in 1861, and subsequently captain and commissary; was colonel of the ninth Michigan cavalry in 1863, and in 1863 commanded a division in Burn side's corps, Shackleford'a division, mustered out in 1864, having resigned by reason of disability. He was appointed by President Cleveland, in 1886, Indian agent at the Osage agency, which position he now holds. Has always been a Democrat. ORRIN DAVID. Representative from Wayne county in 1849, was born in Catskill, N. Y., in 1823, and moved to Grosse Isle in 1843. He was a lumberman and haa flour mill interests at Trenton. He held local offices in the township ofjMonguagon, of which Grosse Isle forms a part. He was- a Democrat in politics. Died in 1851. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 219 ALEXANDER P. DAVIS, ■Senator in 1859 and 1865 from Genesee county, was born in Cayuga fo tern, in 1859, and Senator in 1850-1-3, was born in Londonderry, N. H., April 13, 1813. When young he became a resident of Livingston county, N. Y., and was there engaged in business. Moved to Marshall Mich., in 1836, engaged in the manufacture of fanning mills, and in 1838 bought the first wool sold in southern Michigan. He was sheriff of Calhoun county from 1845 to 1849. He was a colonel on the staff of Gov. Mason ; was U. S. marshal of Michigan from 1861 to 1866, and judge of probate from 1873 until his death, January 13, 1879. Took an active part in the organization of agricultural societies, and was president of the state society in 1858-9,and a member of the executive committee from 1845 during life. Politically a Whig until 1854, then a Republican. WILLIAM E. DICKINSON Was born in the city of New York, May 31, 1824. Attended school at New Haven and Litchfield, Conn., and was admitted to the bar at Litchfield in 1846. For the next three years was traveling in foreign lands. Returned in 1850 and engaged in study as a mining engineer. Went to the upper peninsula in 1851 and resided in Ontonagon and Houghton counties. In 1856 moved to Eagle River, Keweenaw county, and in 1859 was Senator. In 1870 removed to Marquette, and in 1881 to Commonwealth, Wisconsin, and now resides there. First a Whig, since a Republican. Has held town and county offices in every county where he has lived. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 229 ROBINSON J. DICKSON, Representative from Cass county in 1883-5-7, was born in Wayne county, Indiana, April 3, 1823. His father was a native of Pennsyl- vania, and his mother a native of New York. Mr. Dickson was the second son of a family of nine children, eight of whom are still living. His parents settled on McKinney's Prairie, in La Grange township, Cass county, Michigan, in the year 1828, engaging in farming. By occupation he is a farmer, now owning a farm in Pokagon township. Has been a resident of Michigan fifty-nine years. He has held various township offices. Is a Republican, and was elected in 1887 by 2,599 votes to 2,453 for John Manning, Fusionist, and 377 for Hamilton S. McMasters, Prohibitionist. GERRIT J. DIEKEMA, Representative from Ottawa county in 1885-7, was born in Holland, Michigan, on the 27th of March, 1859. His parents removed from the Netherlands and settled in Holland in 1848. He received his education at Hope college and graduated in 1881. In 1881 he began the study of law at the Michigan University and graduated in 1883, settled in Holland and commenced the practice of law. In 1884 he delivered the oration before the law alumni association of the Uni- versity. On October 27, 1885, he was married to Miss Mary E. Alcott, of Holland, Michigan. He has held the office of school inspector and city attorney for Holland. He is a Republican. Elected for 1887-8 by a vote of 1,523 to 1,286 for John A. Roost, Fusionist, and 89 for Marshall, Prohibitionist. He was chairman of the judiciary committee in 1887. HENRY B. DILLER, Representative from Genesee county in 1881-2-3, was born in Clar- ence, New York, August 15, 1840. Having received a liberal educa- tion there, in the spring of 1874 he removed to Geneaee, Michigan, where he has since resided, engaged in farming. He is a Republican. He has held the office of supervisor several terms. LOUIS DILLMAN, Representative from Detroit in 1877, '83, was born Dec. 25, 1830, in the city of Friedrichshalen, Wurtemberg, Germany. In 1849 he emi- grated to the United States, and after working some time at his trade 23 230 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. (tanner) in Buffalo, he came to Detroit in 1853, and started a leather and finding store. At the outbreak of the rebellion he enlisted as captain of company A of the second Michigan infantry, under the command of Col. Richardson. Captain Dillman was promoted to be major in March, 1862, and was made lieutenant colonel July 26 1862. He participated in many battles, also in the Morgan raid in Kentucky. In 1863 he resigned and came to Detroit, where he became proprietor of the Hotel Mauch. Has been engaged in the wine trade. He has been a candidate for state land commissioner and for auditor general. In politics a Democrat. JOSEPH DILLON, Representative from Kent county in 1887, was born in Lowell, Mass., in 1850. When twelve years old he entered a woolen factory. At fifteen he was apprenticed at the carver's trade at Wilson, N. H., but afterwards went to Greenville, N. H., where he worked at his trade until he was twenty-three. In 1873 he moved to Washington, D. C, where he worked at carving and picture-frame making for a year, and then for six years carried on the business as an employer. In 1880 he moved to Grand Rapids, where he has since resided and worked at the carver's travile in the various shops and factories. He was elected Representative on the republican and labor ticket by a vote of 4,254. DANIEL W. DINTURFF, Representative from Livingston county in 1873-4, was born July 24, 1830, in the town of Potter, N. Y. He received a common school education. In 1855 he emigrated to Michigan and settled in Ilttsfield. In 1856 he removed to Handy, Livingston county, where he now resides. By occupation a farmer. JOSEPH DIVINE, Representative from HiUsdale county in 1885, was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., in 1820. He received a common school education and settled in Hillsdale county, Mich., in 1842. Iii politics first a Whig, then a Republican. Has held the office of justice. WESTBROOK DIVINE Was bom in Ulster county, N. Y., August 4, 1822. By occupation a farmer, politically a Republican. He settled on a farm in Montcalm MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. ' 231 county, Michigan, in 1843, which he occupied until 1883, when he sold out and removed to Belding, Mich., where- he now resides. Among other offices held by him are the following: State Senator in 1863-4-5, register of deeds for four years, justice of the peace, town clerk, supervisor of Eureka for 28 years, assessor of internal revenue six years, and president of a fire insurance company for fourteen years. A man of energy and a good legislator. ROSCOE D. DIX Was born in Jefferson county, New York, June 11, 1839, and removed to Berrien county, Michigan, with his parents in April, 1853. He lived on a farm until he was 17 years old, taught district school and attended Albion college. He enlisted at Kalamazoo, April 26, 1861, in Co. K, 2d Michigan infantry. Served with his company in every engagement in which it participated, as private, corporal, and ser- geant, until he was severely wounded at Knoxville, Nov. 24, 1863, and was then in hospital until discharged. May 25, 1864, permanently disabled. In 1864 he was nominated and elected by the republicans register of deeds of Berrien county, and was re-elected in 1866-68 and 1874. In 1869 be engaged in the abstract and real estate business, and is a member of the firm of Dix & Wilkinson. He was a member of the school board twelve years, village trustee eight years, and president of the village of Berrien Springs two terms. He is a Repub- lican, and has actively engaged in every campaign since 1864; has served on the republican county committee, and in nearly every campaign as president of the local republican club. He was elected commissioner of the state land office in 1886 by a vote of 181,995 to 172,104 for Alonzo T. Frisbee, Fusionist, and 25,516 for Charles L. Fraser, Prohibitionist. JOHN S. DIXON, Representative in 1863-4 from Charlevoix and other counties, was born in Mexico, N. Y., August 24, 1818. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Republican. He graduated at Oneida Institute, N. Y., in 1837. Came to Lenawee county, Michigan, in 1838, and followed teaching until 1854. Removed to Charlevoix in 1855. Has been justice, county clerk, county surveyor, and superintendent of schools. He platted Charlevoix, and suffered greatly from the depredations of Mormons from Beaver Island at an early day. 232 • MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. JAMES DOCKERAY Was bom in Westmoreland county, England, May 1, 1815, came to this country in 1838, and settled at Albion, N. Y., where he worked at day labor and studied and practiced surveying. In 1846 he removed to Cannon, Michigan, and settled on a farm. He was supervisor sixteen years and held other ofSces. He was a Repre- sentative in 1863-4. In 1874 he removed to Rockford, and is now the proprietor of the Exchange bank in that place. He served one term as county surveyor. In politics a Democrat, up to 1856, since a Republican. FRANK L. DODGE, Representative from Ingham county in 1883-5, was born at Oberlin, Ohio, October 22, 1854. Attended school until fourteen, was engaged in railroading and traveling several years, for two years in the hotel business at Eaton Rapids, then studied law, and became a partner of I. M. Crane, at Eaton Rapids, until 1881. Is now a resident of Lansing, engaged in law practice, and has been U. S. C. C. commissioner. In politics a Democrat. SIDNEY DOLE Was born in Troy, N. Y., in 1787, and died at Pontiac, Mich., in 1827. In 1816 he owned and improved land on which is now the site of Syracuse, N. Y. He came to Detroit in 1818, and the next year removed to Pontiac. He was the first clerk and register of deeds of Oakland county from 1820 to 1827. He was a member of the terri- torial council in 1826-T, and a justice of the peace. LEVI E. DOLSON, Representative from Detroit in 1841, was a native of Canada, born 1813. He came to Detroit while a boy, where he acquired a business and social standing and raised a family. He served for a number of years as a member of the board of education of the city. His occu- pation was that of a tanner, and he was a Republican in politics. Died Jan. 22, 1887. JOHN C. DONNELLY, Representative from Wayne county in 1879, was born in Plympton, Ontario, November 27, 1851. Received a common school education. MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY. 333 and removed to Michigan in 1870. In 1873 commenced the practice of law in Detroit. Was second lieutenant of company C, first regi- ment Michigan state troops, and was elected captain of the Mont- gomery rifles in 1877. He was the youngest member of the House. ANDREW DORSEY, Representative from Calhoun county in 1838, was born in Frederick, Md., April 25, 1786. He located at Lyons, N. Y., in 1800. He was a captain in the war of 1812. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Democrat. He settled in Homer, Michigan, in 1836. Was a justice in New York and Michigan for eighteen years. Died April 12, 1842. TITUS DORT, Representative from Wayne county in 1839, '42 and '65, and Senator in 1849, '50-51, was born at Bridgeport, Vt., June 17, 1806, and removed with his father to Ohio in 1811. He settled at Detroit in 1826, and was engaged in the manufacture of brick. He was a dele- gate to the first convention of assent, justice, several times supervisor, and superintendent of the poor. In politics a Democrat. Died Oct. 7, 1879. PHILO DOTY Was born in Sweden, N. Y., in 1817. He received a common school education. He removed to Eagle, Clinton county, Michigan, in 1839, cleared up a large farm and has lived there ever since. He was a Democrat until Gen. Cass wrote the Nicholson letter, since a Repub- lican. He has been supervisor and treasurer, each five years, and held other town offices. He was Representative in 1869, 1870-71-2, and was the Republican candidate for State Senator in 1872. SAMUEL DOTY • Was born in Rensselaer county, N. Y., May 10, 1795. He emigrated to Ann Arbor in 1832. In 1838 he was a Representative in the legis- lature from Washtenaw county. He removed to Manchester, same county, in 1839, where he was a justice of the peace and a merchant. He retired from business on account of poor health about 1848, and lived at Tecumseh with his son, A. S. Doty, until his death, Septem- ber 3, 1878. '234: MICHIGAN BIOGEAPHY. ARCHIBALD K. DOUGHERTY, Representative from the counties of Antrim, Charlevoix, and Mani- tou in 1887, was born in St. John, New Brunswick, June 26, 1835. His education was limited. He became apprenticed to learn the trade of a ship-builder, and has followed it as his principal occupation since. In 1868 removed to Charlevoix, Michigan. In 1876 he located at Elk Rapids, where he has during the past ten years been foreman in the shipyard of the Elk Rapids iron company. He held the office of supervisor three years, and has been eight times in succession elected township clerk of Elk Kapids. As the republican candidate he received 1,098 votes to 769 for Horatio B. Lewis, Fusionist. COLUMBUS C. DOUGLAS, Representative from Houghton county in 1861-2, was born in Spring- ville, N. Y., August 22, 1812. He came to Michigan in 1825 and assisted Dr. Houghton in the geological survey of the upper penin- sula, and settled at Houghton, where he was largely interested in mining and real estate. He died at London, England, December 17, 1874. FRANK A. DOUGLASS, Representative from Houghton county in 1887, was born in Tennes- see, July 16, 1851. Has been a resident of Michigan thirty years. His business is that of general insurance agent, but for thirteen years has been postmaster at Houghton. He was elected on the Republi- can ticket a Representative for 1887-8 by a vote of 2,394 to 1,769 for David Haas. SAMUEL T. DOUGLASS, Of Detroit, was elected presiding judge of the Wayne circuit court (the circuit judges then also constituting the Supreme Court of the state), in April, 1851, resigning the position in 1857. He was born in Rutland county, Vt., in 1814, but* was raised in Fredonia, N. Y., where his parents removed, and was educated at the Fredonia academy. He came to Detroit in 1837, and was admitted to practice as an attorney the following year, having previously studied in New York. He was appointed reporter of the Supreme Court in 1845, serving until 1849, when he resigned, having, during his service, published the two first volumes of Micliigan reports. His election to the judgeship was by an independent movement outside of both MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 235 parties, the whig candidate, however, ultimately withdrawing in his favor. Judge Douglass' official life is comprised as above, and in part of a term as city attorney and several terms on the board of education. He also served a year as president of the Detroit young men's society. For twenty-five years he has lived on a farm on Grosse Isle, giving little attention to law business. Politically he has always been a Democrat. ANDREW J. DOVEL, Representative from Manistee county in 1874, to fill vacancy, was born in Pickerington, Ohio, June 19, 1850. By profession a lawyer, politically a Democrat. He has been city attorney of Manistee four terms, mayor, and prosecuting attorney of Manistee county three terms. After graduating at the Michigan University in 1871, he became a resident of this state. JOHN DOW, Representative from Eaton county in 1863-4, was born in Somerset county, N. J., Jan. 5, 1804. He settled as the first pioneer in Roxand, Eaton county, Mich., in 1837. He was supervisor of Roxand thirteen years, removed to Sunfield, and was supervisor there for thirty- two years— in all forty-five years. He for five times represented the county before the state board of equalization. Died September 30, 1885. PETER DOW, Senator from Oakland county in 1863 4, 1879, 1881-2, and Representa- tive in 1875, was born February 37, 1821, in the parish of Ballingray, Scotland. He settled at Orchard Lake, Michigan, in 1830. He was educated in the common schools, and held several township offi- ces. He was twice town treasurer and three times supervisor. He was a member of the Senate in 1863, and of the House in 1875. He was again elected to the Senate in 1878 and re-elected in 1880. Died in the fall of 1887. A farmer and a Republican. MICHAEL A. DOWLING, Representative from Bay county in 1877, was born at Toronto, Ontario, in 1834. He received a fair education in the common schools and seminary. He came to Michigan in 1867. He was justice of the peace and village attorney of Wenona. He lived eight yeai-s in Min- 236 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. nesota previous to coming to Michigan. He was admitted to the practice of law in that state. In pohtics a Democrat. PETER DOX, Representative from Oakland county in 1850, was born in Albany, N. Y., in October, 1813. When young he went with his mother to Geneva, N. Y., where he lived until of age. In 1838 he removed to Birmingham, Oakland county, where he was elected supervisor in 1846. In 1847 he was elected supervisor of Bloomfield, also in 1848-9- 52-3. In 1853 he was appointed agent of the state prison at Jackson, and held that position until 1855, when he removed to Chicago, where he now resides. In 1860 he was appointed to a position in the custom house at Chicago, which he resigned, and became assistant keeper of the Bridewell prison, which he filled for seventeen years, and resigned from ill health. He was always a Democrat. THOMAS J. DRAKE Was born in Scipio, N. Y., April 18, 1799. He settled at Pontiac, Mich., in 1822, and was a leading lawyer for more than fifty years. He was a member of the territorial council from 1828 to 1831, was the author of our liberal exemption laws, and the only member who at first dared to vote for them. He was Senator in 1839, '40-41, presi- dent pro tern, in 1840-1, and acting governor in 1841-2, by the election of Gov. Woodbridge to the United States Senate. He was prosecut- ing attorney; register of probate; presidential elector in 1840 and 1856; chief justice of Utah from 1862 to 1869; and publisher of a paper, first at Flint, then at Pontiac. At finst a Whig, then a Republican. A good lawyer and a remarkable man, and especially strong in the use of sarcasm. Died April 20, 1875. WILLIAM DRAKE, Representative from Hillsdale county in 1873-4, was bom in the town of Lyons, N. Y., March 22, 1828. He received his education in a com- mon school. In 1838 emigrated to Michigan, and settled in Amboy, Hillsdale county, where he now resides. He has held various official positions. By occupation a farmer. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 237 CHARLES DRAPER, Senator from Oakland county in 1867, is the oldest practitioner at the bar in Oakland county, having been admitted in 1838. He was the first clerk of the courts under the state constitution of 1835, and held that position until 1838. He was a law partner of his father, Hon. William Draper, for many years. He has held the position of prose- cuting attorney, ranks high in his profession, and in politics is a Republican. WILLIAM DRAPER, President of the first convention of assent, which met at Ann Arbor in 1836, was an early resident of Pontiac, and was admitted to the Oakland county bar in 1833. He was a good lawyer, well read, and had an extensive practice. He had been in law practice in Massa- chusetts prior to his coming to Michigan. He died in July, 1858. JOHN F. DREW, Representative from Jackson county in 1873-4, was born in the town of Shelby, N. Y. , December 3, 1838. He received a common school education. In 1866 he emigrated to the township of Rives, Jackson county, where he now resides. He has also borne his share of town offices. While a resident of the state of New York, he served his district in the assembly of that state. By occupation a drover. ALFRED L. DRIGGS, Representative from St. Joseph county in 1847, was born in Albany county, N. Y. , August 25, 1807. By occupation a farmer and lumber- man, politically a Democrat. Came to Michigan in 1831 and bought land in Constantine, but went to Branch county and built a saw-mill, where he remained until 1836, when he returned to Constantine and cleared up and cultivated his farm. Was supervisor of Constantine for many years, and still resides there. JOHN F. DRIGGS, Representative in Congress from 1863 to 1869, was bom at Kinder- hook, N. Y., March 8, 1813, and received a good common school education. He was a master mechanic and builder, and also dealt in lands. He was superintendent of the New York penitentiary in 1844, 238 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. and came to Michigan in 1850. He was president of the village of East Saginaw in 1858, and Representative in the legislature of 1859« In 1872 he was an independent candidate for congress. Died Dec 17, 1877. ANTHONY DUDGEON Was born January 8, 1818, at Stewartstown Island, and diedatGrosse Isle, December 32, 1875. He came to Detroit at the age of eighteen, and for several years was attached to the American fur company. He was afterwards the head of the firm of Dudgeon, Lewis & Graves, in the forwarding and commission business, and was successful. He was alderman of Detroit in 1854, president of the board of aldermen in 1855, and State Senator in 1859. He retired from active life in 1855, and purchased an estate and erected a beautiful residence on Grosse Isle. In 1869 he became auditor and afterwards president of the Republic insurance company of Chicago, which went down with the great fire of 1871. GEORGE DUFFIELD Was born in Strasburg, Pa., July 4, 1794. He graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1811. Studied theology in New York, and became pastor of the Presbyterian church of Carlisle, Pa., in 1815, where he remained several years. He was two years pastor of Fifth Presbyterian church of Philadelphia, and one year of the Broadway Tabernacle, New York, and in 1838 he became pastor of the First Presbyterian church of Detroit, which he retained until his death, June 26, 1868. He was regent of the State University from 1844 to 1852, and always took a great interest in its welfare. A full review of his life would embrace a large share of the history of the Presby- terian church for thirty years. He was a devoted Christian, an industrious student, master of nine languages besides his own, a true patriot, sending two sons to the battle field, and fully identified with the educational and religious interests of Detroit and of Michigan. WILLIAM W. DUFFIELD, Senator from Wayne county in 1879, was born at Carlisle, Pa. , Nov. 19, 1823. He graduated at Columbia college in 1842. He became a resident of Detroit in 1836. By profession a civil engineer, also a member of the Detroit bar. He was adjutant of the 2d Tennessee in the Mexican war; was engineer and superintendent of railroads in MICHIGAK BIOGRAPHY. * 239 New York; surveyed the D*>troit & Milwaukee railroad in 1852 from Pontiac to Grand Haven; also the road from Detroit to Port Huron, and from Mendota to Galesburg, 111.; went out in 1861 as lieutenant colonel of the 4th Michigan infantry, and became colonel of the 9th infantry; commanded 23d brigade, was military governor of Kentucky, and was wounded and compelled to resign ; had charge of coal mines in Pennsylvania and iron mifles in Kentucky, and was chief engineer of the Kentucky union railroad. Was a Whig until 1854, then a Democrat. DANIEL DUNAKIN Was born in Niagara county, N. Y., April 19, 1810, and in 1834 set- tled on a farm in Eckford, Calhoun county. He was several years supervisor, and in 1855 was Representative in the legislature. Through his influence a bill was passed giving a charter to Hillsdale college. He died May 16, 1875. In politics a Republican, in religion a Free Will Baptist. ADDISON E. DUNBAR, Representative from the first district of Monroe in 1885-7, was born in Bedford, Monroe county, in 1834. He follows the business of farming and settling of estates; has been a resident of Michigan all his life. Has been justice of the peace, school inspector, and drain commis- sioner; was county surveyor four years, superintendent of poor six years, and township clerk twenty-two years. Mr. Dunbar was elected Representative for 1887-8 on the democratic ticket by a vote of 1,617 to 1,059 for Burton Parker, Republican, and 119 for George C. Candee, Prohibitionist. WILLIAM DUNBAU, Representative from Monroe county in 1857 and 1859, was bom in West Stockbridge, Mass., February 22, 1807. A Democrat in politics, a farmer by occupation. Settled in Bedford, Monroe county, in 1832. Was the first supervisor of the town; seven years town clerk; super- tendent of the poor two terms; and was elected sheriff of the county for two terms. Died August 27, 1870. DELAMORE DUNCAN, Representative from Kalamazoo county in 1850, was born at Lyman, N. H. Nov. 24, 1805. Received a common school education and 240 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. worked in his father's mill at wool carding and cloth dressing. Was a lumberman in Vermont, and settled on a farm in Prairie Ronde, Mich., in 1829. He was the first sheriff of Kalamazoo county from 1830 to 1834; was nine years supervisor; was assessor and justice; a merchant from 1855 to 1865; president of the Schoolcraft & Three Rivers railroad, giving liberally of time and means to secure its com- pletion; and a director of the national bank at Three Rivers from 1864 until his death, May 1, 1870. LAWSON A. DUNCAN, Senator from Berrien and Cass counties in 1883, was born at Colum- bus, Indiana, January 21, 1832; entered the volunteer service of his country at the time of its struggle with the southern rebellion, serv- ing three years, and to the close of the war, as adjutant and major of the fortieth Iowa infantry, gaining the highest rank in his regiment in which there was a vacancy; was presidential elector for the fourth district Michigan in 1872. Mr. Duncan has been editor of the Niles Republican for the last twenty-one years. ROBERT W. DUNCAN, Representative from Ottawa county in 1855, was born in Rutland, Vt., February 24, 1824. He came to Grand Haven in 1851, where he now resides. By profession a lawyer, politically a Democrat. He has been circuit court commissioner six terms; prosecuting attorney two terms; ma>or in 1868; supervisor several times; and has repeat- edly been the democratic candidate for circuit judge. WILLIAM C. DUNCAN, Senator from Wayne county in 1863-4, was born in Lyons, N. Y., in 1820, and acquired a business education at Rochester, N. Y. Began business for himself in 1821. Came to Detroit in 1849, and went in- to business as a brewer and maister. He was alderman from 1854 to 1858, and mayor of Detroit in 1862-3. He was a member of the board of estimates in 1873, and was tendered the nomination for mayor but declined. He retired from business about 1865, and died December 19, 1877. i MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 241 CHARLES BUNCOMBE Was born at Ancaster, Canada, May 30, 1822. He settled with his father's family at Keeler, Van Buren county, in 1844. In politics first a Whig, later a Republican. He went to California in 1849 and engaered in mercantile trade, returning in 1852. He was a delegate in the constitutional convention of 1867. He owned several farms, was for several years cashier of the Decatur national bank, owned the mills at Decatur, also several stores and a hotel. ROBERT F. DUNDASS, Representative from the counties of Mason and Lake in 1881-2, was born December 12, 1847. He is a Republican, and a physician. He was elected over Hon. Charles E. Resigue, Democrat, by 405 majority. NELSON DUNHAM, Representative from Monroe county in 1840-44-46, and State Senator in 1848-9, was born in Madison, N. Y., in 1803. By profession a physician, politically a Democrat. He settled in Dundee, Monroe county, in 1836. where he resided until 1856, when he removed to Petersburg, where he remained until his death, April 30, 1866. ABU AH B. DUNLAP Was born in Ovid, N. ^., August 29, 1810. He graduated at Yale college in 1833. He taught, then farmed it for several years. In 1858 he married May A. Wright, of Le Roy seminary, and served several years as a missionary in the Levant. He was several years professor of ancient languages and literature at the Michigan Uni- versity, then principal of the high school at Jones ville, then taught the languages and literature at Elmira female college, N. Y. He removed to a farm in Leelanaw county, near Traverse City, where he now resides. First a Whig, then an Abolitionist, later a Republi- can. Was a Representative in 1865-7. Now a Democrat. Has been prosecuting attorney of Leelanaw county. In religion a Presbyterian. THOMAS B. DUNSTAN, Representative from'the district Qomposedof Keweenaw, Ontonagon, Isle Royal, and Baraga counties in 1883, was born at Camborne, Eng- land, January 4, 1850. His parents emigrated to 'this country in 1854, 24 242 MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY. and settled in Ontonagon county, M'chigan. He graduated at Law- rence university, Appleton, Wisconsin, June, 1871; attended the law- department of Michigan University during the winter of 1871-2, and was admitted in 1873. In November he was elected to the offices of judge of probate and prosecuting attorney for the county of Kewee- naw. He held these offices until July 1, 1879, at which time he removed to Pontiac, Michigan. He resided in Pontiac until 1882, when he removed to his former home at Central Mine, Keweenaw county. In politics a Republican. JAMES DU PUY, Representative from Jackson county in 1855, was born in Pompey, N. Y., Oct. 20, 1815. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Republican. Has held the positions of town clerk, several times supervisor, trustee of Michigan Central college, and other offices. GEORGE H. DURAND Was born at Cobleskill, N. Y., February 21, 1838. He removed to Flint, Michigan, in 1858, where he still resides. Is by profession a lawyer He was elected mayor of Flint in 1873 and again in 1874. In 1874 he was elected to congress, receiving 17,758 votes against 16,122 votes for J. W. Begole, Republican. He served from December 6, 1875, to March 3, 1877. He was defeated as a candidate for congress in 1876 by Mark S. Brewer. He is now engaged in the practice of his profession at Flint. In politics a Democrat. LEWIS DURKEE, Senator from Barry and Eaton counties in 1881, was born at Farmers- ville, N. Y., May 29, 1834, and died April 11, 1881. Received an academical education, studied law, and in 1864 went into business as a merchant at Hickory Corners, Barry county. He was admitted to the bar in 1877, and engaged in practice. He was four terms a super- visor. In politics a Republican. LAURENT DUROCHER Was bom at St. Genevieve Mission, Missouri, in 1786. He received a collegiate education at Montreal, Canada, and settled at Frenchtown, Michigan, in 1805. In the war of 1812 he served in the army of Gen. Hull, and after his surrender of Detroit, rendered important services I MICHIGAl^- BIOGRAPHY. 243 to the government. He was made county clerk on the organization of Monroe county in 1818, and held that ofSce many years. He was a member of all the territorial councils, except the first, serving from 1826 to 1835. He was also a member of the first constitutional con- vention in 1835; State Senator in 1835 and 1836; and Representative in 1839. He also held the offices of justice of the peace, probate judge, circuit clerk, and clerk of the city of Monroe, where he died September 31, 1861. He was an accomplished gentleman and the great legal authority among the French population on the River Raisin. JOEL J. DUSSEAU, Representative from Monroe county in 1867, was born at Erie, Mon. roe county, Michigan. By occupation a merchant, in politics a Democrat. Now in mercantile business at Toledo, Ohio. VICTOR A. DUSSEAU, Representative from Monroe county in 1865-9-'70, was born in Erie, Mich., November 20, 1835. He was a farmer until 1862, and was a teacher, the first child of French descent to engage in teaching in that locality. He was town clerk from 1863 to 1873. Was in the nursery business from 1876 to 1882, teaching winters, and is still a teacher. Has held many t9wn offices. GEORGE W. DEXTER, Representative from Ionia county in 1842, was born in Herkimer county, N. Y., August 4, 1795. He came to Michigan in 1844, and was sergeant-at-arms of the first Senate in 1835. He was a farmer, politically a Democrat. Died August 4, 1848. EVERT B. DYCKMAN, Representative from Kalamazoo county in 1847, was born at Green- bush, N. Y., September 25, 1800. He had a limited education. He became a resident of Onondaga county, N. Y., assisted in the con- struction of the Oswego canal, established a boat yard, and carried on an extensive coopering business. He purchased one thousand acres of land and settled at Paw Paw, Mich., in 1838, and built the Dyckman House and a grist-mill and store. He removed to School- 244 " MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. craft in 1842. In 1853 he purchased the present site of South Haven, and built a pier, saw-mill, store and several houses. He was engaged in important enterprises at Schoolcraft, and was also engaged in banking. JAMES EAKINS, Representative from Huron county in 1881-2, was born in Toronto, Ontario, Nov. 13, 1846, and was educated in Toronto University Col- lege, and took the degree of bachelor of medicine from that college in 1870. He engaged in practice at Port Crescent, Michigan, and is also engaged in salt manufacture there. Has held various local and county offices. In politics a Republican. BARNEY EARL Was bom in Providence, N. Y., Jan. 29, 1803. He lived there twenty years, then worked in a woolen factory four years, then moved to New Jersey. From 1826 to 1835 was in the grocery business in the city of New York. He removed to Cooper, Michigan, and became a farmer. In politics a Whig. He was Representative in 1849-51. NATHANIEL A. EARLE,. Representative from Kent county in 1881-2, was born in Allegan county, Mich.; was educated in common and high schools; from 1870 to 1874 was teacher and principal of Paw Paw schools; studied law at Grand Rapids and was admitted in 1875; went into practice, in which he is still engaged, at Grand Rapids. Has been an alderman, and was long one of the law firm of Stone & Earle, and lacer of Taggart, Stone & Earle. AHIRA G. EASTMAN, Representative from Lenawee county in 1845, was a practicing law- yer at Adrian and came there from the state of New York in 1835. He held the position of master in chancery. During the Mexican war he volunteered and received a lieutenant's commission, but resigned from ill health before reaching Mexico. Later he removed to Breedsville, Mich., where he died. MICHIGAN BIOGEAPHY. 245 DAVJD J. E ASTON, Representative from Branch county in 1881-3, was born in Castile, N. Y., June 5, 1842. Came with his parents to Algansee, Mich., in 1846, removing to Cold water in 1855. Learned the trade of a printer and became one of the publishers of the Sturgis Journal. Enlisted in the 19th Michigan infantry, served from 1863 to the close of the war, was three times wounded and rose to the rank of major. Established the Coldwater Republican in 1866, and in 1867 was clerk of Coldwater. In 1869 established the Union City Register, which he still owns. CROSBY EATON, Representative from Allegan county in 1877-9-81-2, was born in Franklin county, Maine, in 1833. He received a high school education and went to Massachusetts in 1845. He was overseer in a cotton mill for seven years, and superintendent of Dr. J. C. Ayers & Co.'s patent medicine manufactory seven years. He came to Michigan in 1858, and settled in Casco, Allegan county, where he now resides. He has been superintendent of schools several years, and supervisor of the town twelve years in succession. His occupation is farming and fruit growing. JEROME B. EATON Was born in Herkimer county, N. Y., Jan. 39, 1811, and was reared on a farm, working summers and attending school winters. At the age of thirteen he commenced teaching and followed it for seven suc- cessive winters. From twenty to twenty -two he was engaged in ped- dling. He came to Adrian, Michigan, in 1833 and engaged in the dry goods trade. In 1843 he removed to Jackson and engaged in a prison contract, makmg barrels. In 1858 he engaged in the wholesale grocery trade. He was president of the Air Line railroad and was a prime mover in the removal of the Michigan Central railroad shops from Marshall to Jackson. He has held several local offices of trust, and been identified with the interests of Jackson for many years. He was a Representative in 1851, 1869 and 1870. In politics a Democrat. WILLIAM R. ECK, Representative from St. Joseph' county in 1867-9-70, was born at Briar Creek, Pa., August 31, 1809. By occupation a miller, in politics a Republican. He came to Michigan in 1833, and located at what 246 MICHIGAN BIOGKAPHY. was then called Bucks, now Three Rivers, Mich., where he remained until 1845, when he removed to Colon, where he now resides, retired from business. Has been supervisor of Colon six years. HIRAM S. EDDY Was born in Clarendon, Vt., June 6, 1812. He received a common school education. Was broug:ht up a farmer and learned the trade of a carpenter. Came to Michigan in 1 832, settled on a farm in Pal- myra and afterwards in Fairfield, Lenawee county. He was eight times supervisor of Fairfield, and in 1855 was a Representative. He administered on many estates in Lenawee county. In 1867 he pur- chased large farms in Iowa, which he managed profitably. JAMES M. EDMUNDS, Senator from Washtenaw county in 1840-1, and Representative in 1846-7, was born in Niagara county, N. Y., Aug. 23, 1810. He settled in Ypsilanti, Mich., in 1831, where he was a teacher and merchant. He was a delegate in the constitutional convention of 1850. In 1853 moved to Detroit, engaged in the lumber business, and was several years comptroller. In 1861, under Lincoln, he was appointed com- missioner of the general land office, and held it until 1866, when he became postmaster of the Senate. In 1859 he was appointed postmaster of Washington, and held it until his death, Dec. 14, 1879. He was chairman of the state republican committee from 1855 to 1861; presi- dent of the national council of the union league from 1862 to 1869; and for a number of years published the Republic, a Washington magazine. He was a man of great ability, familiar with men and events, well informed in state and national affairs, had a judicial mind, great political sagacity, and his opinion was always received with great consideration by the leading men of the nation. First a Whig, a Republican from 1854. CHARLES A. EDMONDS, Commissioner of the state land office from 1871 to 1873, was a resi- dent of Quincy, Branch county, when he enlisted and became 1st lieutenant of battery "A," first light artillery. In 1862 he became captain in the 17th Michigan infantry. He was wounded at the battle of South Mountain, lost an arm, and was discharged in 1868 on account of wounds. Held the office of register in Branch county. Now resides at Milwaukee. While in Michigan was a Republican. MICHIGAN^ BIOGRAPHY. 247 WILSON C. EDSELL, Senator from Allegan county in 1865, '77, '81-2, was born in Pike, Pa., July 8, 1814. Brought up on a farm, attended common schools, and learned the carpenter's trade. In 1835 went to Ohio and worked as a millwright; in 1835 tookafour years' course at Oberlin college; and in 1843 was one of the Oberlin colony which founded Olivet college, of which he was trustee, secretary and treasurer for six years. He removed to Otsego in 1849, where he now resides. Has been a law- yer, justice, trustee of the Michigan asylum, and held other positions. A Republican, but now a Prohibitionist. In the banking business. ABRAHAM EDWARDS, President of the territorial council of Michigan from 1824 to 1832, was born at Springfield, N. Y., November 17, 1781, and became a phvsician in 1803. He became an army surgeon in 1804; served as such in Indiana and Ohio until 1812; was a me nber of the Ohio legislature in 1811; was ordered to Detroit in 1812 and took charge of the medical department of the army; in 1813-14 had charge of the quartermaster stores at Pittsburg, Pa., with the rank of major; returned to Detroit in 1815, and was president of the board of trustees in 1816-17; was aid of Gov. Cass in 1823, with the rank of colonel; in 1831 became U. S. register of the land office of western Michigan, and held it until 1849. He died at Kalamazoo in l'-60. ARTHUR EDWARDS, Representative from Wayne county in 1855, was born in Fort Wayne, Ind., in 1805, and came to Michigan about 1815. He was a vessel builder and master mariner, by profession, and holding the rank of quartermaster during the rebellion he did notable service in building steamers to facilitate the operations of Sherman and Grant, for which he was formally thanked in the official reports and given the honor- ary rank of brevet-colonel. Col. Edwards was devoted to the Metho- dist Episcopal church. Died in 1885. Politics republican. EDWARD E. EDWARDS, Representative from Newaygo, county in 1881-2, and Senator from the twenty-second district in 1885-7, was born in Broome county, N. Y. , February 20, 1845. Came to Greenville in 1854, and after residing ^48 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. at several places located at Fremont in 1875. He became a lawyer in 1870, and is now in practice. Previously was in various employments, and has held many local and federal offices. A Republican in poli- tics. At his last election he received 5,363 votes to 4,581 democratic and 913 prohibition. GEORGE F. EDWARDS, Representative from Berrien county, in 1877, was born in 1843, at Ypsilanti, Michigan. He is by profession a lawyer, having been admitted to practice in 1873. HENRY D. EDWARDS, Representative from Wayne county in 1873-4, was born in Nantucket, Mass., Dec. 1, 1838. He received his education in a high school. He was 16 years at sea. He was in command of the gunboat Albatross and other vessels four years, and was especially distinguished as hav- ing fired the last hostile shot in the Federal navy during the late war, destroying the last blockade runner at Galveston, Texas. In 1865 he emigrated to Michigan and engaged in dealing in mill supplies in Detroit. Deceased. WILLIAM J. EDWARDS, Representative from Berrien county in 1871-2, was born at Limerick, N. Y., March 17. 1830. He came to Niles, Mich., in 1855, and was deputy postmaster until 1858. He enlisted as a private in company "K," 6th Michigan infantry, in 1^64, and was gradually promoted to captain, going out of service in August, 1865, From 1870 to 1872 was a supervisor; chairman democratic committee 1871-8; city treasurer three years; postmaster under Johnson and present postmaster of Niles, and member congressional committee 1876-80. FRANCIS B. EGAN, Representative from Detroit in 1885, was born at St. Johns, New- foundland, Oct. 13, 1846. Received a common school education at London, Ontario, and learned the printing business at Sarnia, Onta- rio. Settled in Detroit in 1877, and has been an active worker in labor organizations, and held prominent positions in that connection. He was deputy commissioner of labor in 1885-6, and is now deputy secretary of state. In politics a Republican. 1 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 24? EBENEZER S. EGGLESTON, Representative from Kent county in 1873-4, was born in Batavia, N. Y., May 12, 1825. He received a common school education. In 1837 he settled in Litchfield, Hillsdale county. In 1851 he removed to Grand Rapids. In 1861 he was appointed consul to Cadiz, Spain, and remained there four years. He studied law with Lieutenant Gov- ernor Gordon, and was admitted to the bar in 1852. He still coji- tinues to practice law at Grand Rapids. JAMES EGGLESTON, Representative from Allegan county in 1875, was born in Strongs- ville, Ohio, Sept 1, 1836. He received a common school education. He removed to Michigan in 1856 and settled in Allegan county. He has been four terms supervisor of Monterey. By occupation a car- penter and joiner. In politics a Republican. JOHN C. EISENMANN, Representative from*Monroe county in 18S1-2, was born in Bedford, Mich. , March 30, 1847. He received a common school education. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Democrat. ALVAH D. ELDRED, Representative from Calhoun county in 1885-7, was born at Canadice, N. Y., February 29, 1832. He came to Michigan in 1852. He went to Macomb county to learn the carpenter and joiner's trade. In 1885 he removed to Tekonsha, where he began working at his trade as a builder, but for sometime past, though still carrying on his trade, he has been a partner in a firm dealing in agricultural implements. Mr. Eldred has been justice of the peace two years, highway commis- sioner thirteen years, and twice president of the village of Tekonsha. He was elected to the House as a Republican, receiving 2,033 votes to 1,528 for Andrew M. Kane, and 505 for Luther M. Batt, prohibi- tion candidate. CALEB ELDRED, Representative from Kalamazoo county in 1837, was born in Pownal, Vt.. April 6, 1781. With a common school education became a teacher, and a resident of Otsego county, N. Y., in 1803, where he 250 ' MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. was a farmer, justice, president of the county agricultural society- several years, and a member of the New York assembly. Settled at Comstock, Mich., in 1830, and later removed to a large farm on Climax prairie. He was the first supervisor in Kalamazoo and Com- stock; county .iudge; and for more than thirty years president of the board of trustees of Kalamazoo college. A Democrat until 1854, then a Republican. JAMES B. ELDREDGE Was born at Mt. Clemens, Michigan, November 25, 1836. He gradu- ated at the Michigan University in 1855. Studied law and was admitted to practice in 1858. He was Representative in 1863-4. He has been prosecuting attorney of Macomb county four terms. He was judge of probate from 1877 to 1885. As a member of the firm of Eldredge & Spier he is engaged in law practice at Mt. Clemens. In politics a Democrat. NATHANIEL B. ELDREDGE, Born at Auburn, N. Y., March 28, 1813, has been a resident of Michi> gan forty -nine years. He received an academic education; studied and practiced medicine fifteen years; then studied and practiced law thirty years; and finally settled down to farming. While a resident of Lapeer county, he was elected engrossing and enrolling clerk of the State Senate in 1845; Representative in 1847; and judge of probate in 1852. Having entered the union army, June 18, 1861, he served as captain and major of the seventh regiment, and lieutenant-colonel of the eleventh regiment, Michigan infantry, in the war of the rebellion. Having removed to Adrian, his present home, in 1865, he was elected sheriff of Lenawee county in 1874. In 1882 he was elected Repre- sentative to the forty-eighth congress on the union ticket. He was re-elected in 1884 by 17,710 votes, to 17,656 for Edward P. Allen, Republican; and 2,418 for Charles Mosher, Prohibitionist, and served until March 4, 1887. ROBERT P. ELDREDGE Was born at Greenwich, N. Y., in 1866. With an ordinary education at the age of seventeen he commenced the study of law at Hamilton, N. Y. In 1826 he came to Michigan, taught school a short time in Detroit, studied law at Pontiac, and taught school. Then was a clerk at Mt. Clemens, devoting leisure time to his studies, and in 1828 was MICHIGAN- BIOGKAPHT. 251 admitted, then the only lawyer in Macomb county. He soon had a lucrative practice. In 1842 he was appointed secretary of state and held that position until 1846. In 1847 and 1848 he was Senator. After that he ae voted himself strictly to his profession, refusing all offers of public office. He was a prominent Mason from 1847. JOHN ELLENWOOD Was born in New Hampshire, September 17, 1777, and died May 9, 1856. He came to West Bloomfield, Michigan, in 1823. He was appointed a justice in 1827, and held that position through life. He was Representative in 1835-36 from Oakland county and was a mem- ber of the first constitutional convention in 1835. By occupation a surveyor, in politics a Democrat. He was postmaster from 1831 to 1856, and supervisor nine years. ADAM ELLIOTT Was born in England, October 31, 1815; came to New York in 1836, and to Barry county, Michigan, in 1843. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Republican. He was supervisor of Barry township nine, years, a member of the constitutional convention of 1867, and a Rep- resentative in 1869-70. MARCUS D. ELLIOTT, Representative from Oakland county in 1877, was born in Montgomery county, N. Y., Jan 19, 1827. With a common school education he came to Holly, Mich., in 1846 and the next year settled on- a farm in Rose township, still his home. In 1861 he enlisted in the 8th Michigan battery, 1st artillery volunteers, was promoted through the grades to captain, and took part in many pitched battles. In politics a Repub- lican. EDWARD D. ELLIS, Senator from Monroe country in 1835-6-7, emigrated from New Eng- land to Monroe, Michigan, at an early day, where he resided many years, and published and edited a newspaper. He was a delegate in the constitutional convention of 1835. A man of culture and fore- sight, and to him as a legislator is given the credit of providing for the establishment of libraries, by appropriating money received from fines for non-performance of military duty. 252 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. MYRON H.^ELLIS, Representative from' Wayne county in 1883, was born at Saline, Mich., Nov. 24, 1841. In 1863 he enlisted in the 5th Michigan cavalry and rose to the rank of captain. After leaving the service kept livery stable at Ypsilanti, and was deputy sheriff. Engaged then in farm- ing in Huron, Wayne county, and also in the manufacture of lumber and charcoal. A Democrat in politics. CHARLES C. ELLSWORTH Wjas born in West Berkshire, Vt. , January 29, 1824. He was edu- cated at the Bakersfleld academy, came to Michigan at an early day, and read law with his uncle, Josiah Turner, at Howell, teaching school winters. In 1849 he was appointed prosecuting attorney of Livingston county. In 1851 removed to Greenville which has since been his home. In 1863 he was appointed paymaster of volunteers, and held that position until the close of the war. In 1853 he was Representative in the legislature; was four years prosecuting attorney of Montcalm county; and Representative in congress from 1877 to 1879. He was a Democrat until 1856, then a Republican. He is still in the active practice of his profession at Greenville. ELISHA ELY, Representative from Allegan county in 1835-6-7, was born in West Springfield, Mass., April 27, 1784. He removed to Allegan, Mich., in 1833 from Rochester, N . Y. , and founded the village of Allegan. He made an honorable record in the war of 1812, and as a resident of Michigan occupied many public positions of trust and honor, includ- ing those of judge, legislator, and regent of the State University, holding the last position from an early date until his death at Alle- gan, November 3, 1854. HEMAN B. ELY, Representative from Marquette county in 1853, was born in Roch- ester, N. Y., March 15, 1815, and was the son of Judge Elisha Ely who founded Allegan, Mich., in 1833. He was a graduate of Hamil- ton college, N. Y. He studied law and commenced practice, but in 1849 left the profession to enter upon the construction of the tele- graph line from Buffalo westward, and between Pittsburg and Phila- delphia. He organized and began the construction of the Cleveland, MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY. 253 Painesville & Ashtabula railroad, the first section of the present L. S. & M. S. railroad. In 1852, with his brothers, S. P., G. H. and John F. Ely, he engaged in building a railroad from Marquette to the iron ore mines, then undeveloped. The county was an unbroken wilderness, the Sault Ste Marie lock and canal not built, and great obstacles were encountered. The project was then deemed almost impracticable and somewhat visionary, but he persevered until, just on the eve of its completion, he died suddenly at Marquette, October 14, 1856, and was buried at Rochester, N. Y. In politics a Democrat. RALPH ELY Was born in Marshall, N. Y., July 10, 1820, and died at Redmond, Mich., April 12, 1883. He was brought up on a farm in Stockton, N. Y., receiving a district school education. At the age of twenty-one removed to Indiana, and remained two years, and then returned to his father's home for three years. He came to Michigan in 1846, settling at Ronald, Ionia county. In 1854 he removed to Alma, Gratiot county, and until 1860 was engaged in farming, lumbering and mercantile business. He built the first saw and grist-mills in Alma, and was very liberal in aiding destitute settlers. He entered the service as captain of company C, 8th Michigan infantry, and was promoted to major, lieutenant-colonel and colonel of his regiment. In 1865 he was commissioned brigadier-general, and with his brigade was the first to enter Petersburgh, and received its surrender, by order of General Grant. He took part in more than thirty battles, and was not mustered out until June, 1866. He returned to Alma and engaged in lumbering and farming. He was Senator in 1873-4. Was elected auditor general in 1674, and re-elected in 1876, serving four years, 1877-81. In 1881 he engaged in lumbering and farming in Emmet county, near Cross Village, where he died. In early life a Democrat, but became a Republican in 1854. FRANK EMERICK, Of Alpena, was born at Ypsilanti, Michigan, now forty years of age; educated at the public schools at Ypsilanti, and the State Uni- versity; volunteered his services to his country at the age of 16, in the spring of 1864, and served until the close of the war. He was admitted to the bar in March, 1874, at Ann Arbor, and afterwards held the offices of circuit court commissioner and prosecuting attor- ney of Washtenaw county. He formed a law partnership with Hon. 25 254 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. John F. Lawrence, and practiced law at Ann Arbor until the spring of 1881, when he removed to Alpena. He was elected judge of the twenty-sixth judicial circuit in 1882. PHILIP H. EMERSON, Senator from Calhoun county in 1871-2-3, and president pro tern, in '72-3, was born in Danby, Vt., February 15, 1834. He was educated at the Troy conference academy, at Poultney, Vt. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1862. The same year he located at Battle Creek, Mich., and commenced practice. He was city attorney from 1865 to 1873; trustee and president of school board from 1868 to 1873; and U. S. associate justice of the Supreme Court of Utah from March 16, 1873, to March 17, 1885. His present residence is at Ogden^ Utah, where he is engaged in the practice of law. JED P. C. EMMONS, A Representative from Detroit in 1848, was born in Washington county, N. Y., in 1818. His early education was partly academic. He came to Detroit as a merchant's clerk about 1836, studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1840. He was a man of marked brilliancy, and a personal favorite with the men of the time, especially with Gov. Mason. He served as prosecuting attorney of the county of Wayne, 1855-57, and member of the school board 1853-4. Was also clerk of the house of representatives in 1838. He was in early life a Democrat, but subsequently a Republican. He became a resi- dent of Florida after the war, and was for a time attorney general of that state, and died there in 1877, his remains being interred at Detroit. HIERONYMUS ENGLEMANN, Representative from Macomb county in 1885-7, was born at Baden, Germany, September 29, 1844. He has been a resident of Michigan since 1847, and served in the late war as member of company I, third Michigan infantry. He was four years in college at Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In 1875 he was appointed postmaster at Center Line, which oflBlce he resigned to become eligible as member of the House. He was elected by a vote of 1,428 to 1,230 for Alex. Grant, Republi- can, and 106 for the prohibition candidate. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 255 JEHEEL ENOS, Was born in Norwich, N. Y., October 24, 1799. He received a com- mon school education and at the age of eighteen became a teacher. In 1825 he came to Ann Arbor, Mich. , where he remained and fol- lowed surveying as a deputy to Lucius Lyon. He helped survey Berrien county and settled there soon after 1830. He was a Repre- sentative in 1848 as a Democrat, and in 1857 as a Republican. He was also for years a supervisor and county surveyor. MORGAN ENOS Was born in Tompkins county, N. Y., April 26, 1804. He came to Pipestone, Berrien county, Mich., in 1836, bought a farm, and en- gaged in the practice of medicine. He was successful. He was Representative in 1859. In politics a Whig until 1854, then a Repub- lican. Died September 26, 1868. JAMES ERSKINE, Representative from Sanilac county in 1857, '63-4, was born in Aroo- stook county, Maine, January 21, 1824. He came to Michigan in 1854, and was a merchant and lumberman. Lived in Sanilac county many years but is now a resident of Rogers City, Presque Isle county, and judge of probate of that county. A Democrat in politics. JOHN S. ESTABROOK, Representative from Saginaw county in 1879, '81-2, was born at Alden, N. Y., Jan. 22, 1826. A descendant on his mother's side of John Alden of pilgrim fame. Received a common school education at Alden, N. Y., settled at St. Clair. Mich., in 1845, and removed to East Saginaw in 1852, where he now resides. At first a farmer, but since largely interested in lumber, salt, and lake commerce. Has held many local offices, including mayor, and is an enterprising, able man. JOSEPH ESTABROOK Was born in Bath, N. H. July 3, 1820. In 1834 his parents moved to western New York, where they resided four years, moving to Michi- gan in 1838. He prepared for college at Tecumseh, then a branch of :i66 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. the Michigan University, took his college course in Oberlin, Ohio, and taught winters and worked vacations to obtain the necessary means to pursue his studies. He spent seven winters teaching district schools in and near Clinton, Lenawee county, taught select school two years and a half in Clinton, and was three years in charge of the Tecumseh institute. In the spring of 1853 he took charge of the public schools of Ypsilanti, and remained there fourteen years and a haK ; then went to East Saginaw, organized the public schools in that city and remained in charge five years; was then appointed principal of the Normal school at Ypsilanti, of which he was the honored and successful head nine years. In 1880 Olivet college was fortunate enough to secure his services as a professor in that institution, the position he now occupies. The republicans in 1870 elected him regent of the University, which position he filled creditably for eight years. For forty-seven years he has been connected with the schools of this state, from the district school through every grade of school work. Prof. Estabrook was the first teacher in Michigan to use the word- method of teaching reading, and his love of study has kept him abreast of the times in all the methods of school work. He is also a minister of the gospel. During the civil war he was connected with the Christian commission. He was elected superintendent of public instruction in 1866, receiving 181,011 votes to 173,188 for David Par- sons, Fusionist, and 26,090 for the prohibition candidate. FREE ESTEE, Representative from the counties of Isabella and Clare in 1885, was born on a farm in Coe, Michigan, December 12, 1856. His early edu- cation was obtained at a log school-house. At the age of sixteen he began teaching school, which profession he followed four years, teaching winters and summers, and attending school during the spring and fall terms. He graduatad from the law department of the State University in 1879. Practiced law at Greenville, Ohio, for one and a half years. Returned to Mt. Pleasant, Michigan, in 1881, where he has since resided. Has held the office of justice, school inspector, and secretary of board of school examiners. Is one of the directors of the First National bank of Mt. Pleasant. SAMUEL ETHERIDGE Was born at Williamston, Mass., April 15, 1788, and died at Quincy, Mich., Feb. 18, 1864. He received a common school education and excelled in mathematics. He taught school for a time, then learned MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 257 the trade of a millwright and machinist. He came to Michigan in 1835, and settled at Coldwater. In 1844 he removed to a farm in Quincy. As a millwright he employed sometimes seventy-five men, and built large mills at Ypsilanti, Saline, Leonidas, Marshall and Allegan. He was elected to various offices, and in 1839-40 was Sena- tor from the district comprising the counties of Branch, St. Joseph, Berrien, Van Buren and Cass. He was a Democrat. PHILANDER EWELL, Representative in 1855 from Macomb county, was born in Middle- bury, N. Y., March 3, 1809. Brought up a farmer and received a common school and academical education. In 1820 he settled on a farm in Shelby, Mich., where he served as supervisor in 1849-50. In politics a Democrat. In 1869 he sold his farm and removed to Rochester, Mich., where he now resides, and owns and runs the Stony Creek woolen mills. CHARLES EWERS, Representative from Wayne county in 1881-2, was born in Detroit, October 17, 1843. He enlisted in the first Michigan infantry in 1861, was captured at the battle of Bull Run and held as a prisoner one year, when he was paroled. He began the study of medicine, gradu- ating at the Detroit medical college in 1873. He has since practiced in Detroit. He was city physician two years, was alderman of the second ward in 1876; re-elected in 1877-9, and has been president ©f the common council. ALEXANDER EWING, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1853, was born in Ireland, April 5, 1819. He came to America in 1833, and graduated as a phy- sician at Geneva, N. Y., medical college. He settled at Lima, Mich., in 1840, but soon removed to Dexter. During the war he was sur- geon of the 13th Michigan infantry, and was in charge of hospitals at Nashville and Lookout Mountain. Died September 17, 1879. EBENEZER W. FAIRFIELD Was born at Pittsfield, Mass., in 1812. By prof ession a lawyer, in politics a Democrat. He came to Ann Arbor in 1835, but shortly removed to Adrian, where he practiced his profession until his death in August, 1845. He was a Representative in 1844. S58 MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY EDMUND B. FAIRFIELD, Lieutenant governor, 1859-61, was born in Parkersburg, West Vir- ginia, August 7, 1821. By occupation a teacher and minister, in politics a Republican. Was a resident of several states up to 1848, when he became president of Hillsdale college, which he filled for twenty-one years. Among other positions, he was Senator from Hillsdale county in 1857-8; principal of the state normal school at Indiana, Pa. ; chancellor of the University of Nebraska for six years; pastor of the Congregational church at Mansfield, Ohio, 1870-5; and pastor of the Congregational church at Manistee, Mich., since 1882. In all positions, he has held a high place in public estimation, and in the early days of the republican party, was an eloquent and effective speaker. He received the degrees of A. B. and A. M. from Oberlin LL. D. from Madison university N. Y., and D. D. from Denison university. He has also been distinguished as a writer and lecturer. SILAS S. FALLASS, Of Cadillac, judge of the twenty-eighth judicial circuit, is a son of Michigan. He located in the county of Wexford in 1872, soon after his admission to the bar, and the same year was elected prosecuting attorney which office he held two years. He was a supervisor for five years. In April, 1882, he relinquished a lucrative practice to accept the position of circuit judge of the twenty-eighth judicial circuit by appointment from Gov. Jerome. He was unanimously nominated for election as his own successor by the bar convention of the circuit, and was elected in the following November by 628 majority over George L. Alexander, the republican candidate. JOHN D. FARGO, Representative from Montcalm county in 1857, was born in Chautau- qua county, N. Y., November 14, 1817. A faxmer by occupation, a Republican in politics. Now resides at Groton, Brown county, Dakota. He was supervisor in Montcalm county. Came to Michigan in 1838. ISAAC A. FANCHER, Representative from Midland, Isabella, and Clare, in 1873-4, and Senator in 1875, was born in Florida, N. Y., Sept. 30, 1833. He was educated at Amsterdam academy, N. Y.; studied law at the law unj- MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 259 versity at Albany, and was admitted in 1860. In 1863 he emigrated to Michigan and settled in Mt. Pleasant. He has been prosecuting attorney of Isabella county six years, and chairman of the republi- can county committee six years. He is one of the board of control of the state school at Cold water. JOHN FARMER, Representative from Ingham county in 1883, was born February 14, 1827, at Redmond's Corners, N. Y. Removed to Ann Arbor in 1836, and from there to Stockbridge, Ingham county, in 1839. Worked at manual labor from his youth up to the present time. Received a common school education. Principal business, farming. WILLIAM S. FARMER Was born in Montgomery county, N. Y., May 24, 1815. He attended common schools, and for eight years was clerk until 1839. He opened a store at Fultonville, N. Y. , and carried on the business nine years. In 1848 removed to Berrien county, purchased a farm of two thousand acres, and also acted as a land broker. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1867. In religion a Methodist, in politics a Republican. ELON FARNSWORTH Was born at Woodstock, Vt., Feb. 2, 1799, and died at Detroit, March 24, 1877. He was well educated in New England schools, came to Detroit in 1822, studied law with Judge Sibley, went into practice, and was a member of the territorial council in 1834-5. In company with Judge Goodwin had a large professional business. From 1836 to 1842 was chancellor of the state, and resigned from ill health. Chan- cellor Kent said of him: " The administration of justice in equity in Michigan under Chancellor Farnsworth was enlightened and correct and does distinguished honor to the state." He held the position of attorney general from 1843 to 1845; was the democratic candidate for governor in 1839; for nineteen years was a regent of the University; was a director of the Michigan Central railroad for twenty years, and president of the Detroit savings bank from 1849 to 1877. A promi- nent Episcopalian. Closely identified with the interests of Michigan at an early day, conscientious in the performance of every duty, he is entitled to a high place among Michigan pioneers. 260 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. AUGUSTINE W. FARR, Representative from Manistee county in 1877, was born in Essex county, N. Y., July 29, 1847. He removed with his parents to Grand Rapids in 1854, went to Ohio in 1859, and returned to Michigan in 1864. Be received an academical education. In January, 1867, he went to New York city, and was cashier for a banking house for about two years. He returned to Michigan and engaged in lumber- ing, which, together with farming, he now conducts at I'ortage Lake, Manistee county. Has been president of the Manistee county agricultural society, and held many minor ofl3.ces. In politics a Republican. GEORGE A. FARR, Senator from Ottawa and Muskegon counties in 1879-81-2, was born July 27, 1842, in Niagara county, N. Y. In 1851 he removed with his parents to Monroe county, Mich. In 1861 — 19 years of age — he enlisted in the Adrian cadets, and was in the first bartle of Bull Run. He then enlisted in the fourth U. S. artillery, and served through the war, leaving the service as first sergeant of artillery. He graduated from the agricultural college in 1870. Having been admitted to the bar soon afterwards, he removed to Ottawa county, where he now resides. Mr. Farr was elected to the Senate as a Republican in 1878 and re-elected in 1880. Now in practice at Grand Haven. ORLANDO J. FAST, Senator from St. Joseph and Kalamazoo counties in 1883, was born December 10, 1838, in Jefferson county, Ohio. Brought up a farmer, graduating at Mt. Union college, Ohio, in 1861. In 1862 enlisted in 100th Indiana volunteers, and became lieutenant, captain and assist- ant adjutant general. Six times wounded, never a prisoner. Located in the hardware trade at Mendon, Mich. ; sold out in 1866, studied law at Kalamazoo and was admitted in 1867. Graduated from law department of the University in 1868, and went into prac- tice at Mendon. Has been prosecuting attorney, circuit court and U. S. commissioner. In politics a Republican. JONATHAN P. FAY, Representative from Detroit in 1835-6, was a physician by profession. He died March 12, 1836, during the session of the legislature, and his MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 261 funeral was attended by the two Houses in a body. A brief obituary in the Detroit Free Press, March 14, says: " Dr. Fay was an old and respected inhabitant of this city, and his loss will be deeply lamented." He is supposed to have shared the prevailing political sentiment of his time, which was of course democratic. THOMAS J. FAXON, Representative from Lenawee county in 1847, came from the state of New York, about 1836, to Tecumseh, Mich., where he followed the trade of a carpenter, and built the Michigan Exchange hotel at Brownsville, adjoining Tecumseh. Afterwards became a resident of Raisin township and was supervisor for several terms. For the last ten years of his life was a resident of Adrian. In politics. Whig and Republican. Deceased. ALPHEUS FELCH, LL. D., the oldest living governor of Michigan, was born in Limerick, Maine, September 28, 1806. His grandfather, Abijah Felch, was a soldier of the revolution, and having with others received a grant of land between the Great and Little Ossipee rivers, settled in the wilderness. His father was the first merchant in Limerick, a busi- ness he followed through life. By the death of both father and mother he was left an orphan at the early age of three, and found a home with his paternal grandfather, where he remained until his death. In 1821 he became a student at Phillips Exeter academy, subse- quently entered Bowdoin college, and graduated in the class of 1827. He at once began the study of law and was admitted to practice at Bangor, Maine, in 1830, He began the practice at Houlton, Maine, but in 1833, owing to poor health and the severity of the climate, was obliged to seek a new home. He disposed of his library and started to join his friend, Sargent S. Prentiss, at Vicksburg, Mississippi, but on arriving at Cincinnati was attacked with cholera, and on his recovery, finding his health too much impaired to risk a journey down the Mississippi, he determined to come to Michigan. He first began practice at Monroe, where he remained until 1843, when he removed to Ann Arbor, which since has always been his home. He was elected to the first legislature in 1835, and is one of five living members of that body. He was re-elected in 1836 and 1837. As a member he was opposed to the wild-cat banking law, and voted against it. Early in 1838 he was appointed one of the bank commis- 2(j'i MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY. sioners, and in that capacity brought to light and exposed frauds, had the guilty parties prosecuted, and in many cases the banks were closed. In 1842 he was appointed auditor general of the state, but held the position only a few weeks, when he was appointed one of the judges of the Supreme Court, in place of Judge Fletcher resigned. In 1845 he was elected by the Democrats, governor of Michigan, and served through the year 1846. In 1847 he was elected United States Senator, and resigned as governor, March 4, 1847, when his senatorial term commenced. He served six years as United States Senator, acting on the committee on public lands, and was four years its chairman. In 1853 he was appointed one of the commis- sioners to adjust the Spanish and Mexico land claims in California, and was made president of the commission. In March, 1856, the labors of the commission were satisfactorily finished. In June he returned to Ann Arbor and engaged once more in law practice. He has since been twice the democratic nominee for judge of the Supreme Court, and once for governor. For many years he was one of the regents of the State University. In the spring of 1879 he was appointed Tappan law professor in the University, a position he held several years with honor, and voluntarily resigned on account of feeble health and old age. Governor Felch is the only surviving bank commissioner, the oldest surviving auditor general, the oldest surviving supreme judge, and the oldest surviving United States Senator. No man is more universally respected and loved by the people of Michigan, who delight to do him honor. His life record is without spot or blemish, and he is a fit representative of that noble class of men who were the pioneers of Michigan. ORVILLE H. FELLOWS Was born in Huntington, Pa., July 24, 1820. Came to Prairie Ronde, Kalamazoo county, at an early day, where he still resides. He is a farmer, in politics a Republican. Has been several times supervisor and was Representative in 1863-4-5-7. GEORGE H. FENNER, Representative from Sanilac county in 1869-70, was born in Monroe county, N. Y., March 21, 1821. By profession a Baptist minister, politically, first Whig, then Republican, now Prohibitionist. As a Whig took the stump for Clay in 1844. Came to Michigan in 1824. Resides at Marlette, Sanilac county. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 263 DORMAN FELT Was long a resident farmer in Bunker Hill, Ingham county. He was postmaster of what was known as Felt's postoffice in that township. He settled there in 1847. He was Representative in 1859. Later he removed to Jackson, where he died several years ago. He was a native of New Hampshire but passed his early life in Oswego county, N. Y. Politically a Republican. CHARLES B. FENTON, Representative from Mackinac county in 1867, '71-2, was born in Brooklyn, N. Y. , February^ 1, 1836. He received a good education, and it was the desire of his mother that he should become an Episco- pal minister, but, declining to enter that profession, he took a position in the store of A. T. Stewart, of New York. In 1858 he came west and married Eliza J. Wendell, of Mackinaw. In 1862 he settled at that place, of which he is now a resident, and where he is a suc- cessful merchant. He was, in his absence, elected president of Mack- inaw Island for 1888. He is a Democrat, a gentleman of refined and cultivated mind, and has done much to advance the interests and to make his home a widely known popular resort. JOSEPH S. FENTON, Representative from Genesee county in 1851, was born in Washing- ton, Mass., January 21, 1781. He lived in Norwich, N. Y.,for21 years, then in Palmyra, N. Y., until 1840, when he came to Michigan and made his home at Fenton, which was laid out and named by his son, the late Wm. M. Fenton. Mr. Fenton was a banker, and a Whig in politics. He died at Flint, November 14, 1851. WILLIAM M. FENTON, Lieutenant Governor of Michigan from 1848 to 1852, was born in Nor- wich, N. Y., Dec, 19, 1808. He graduated at Hamilton college, N. Y., ^n 1826, at the head of his class. For health in 1827 he shipped as a common sailor and served four years on the ocean, becoming mate of a merchant vessel. In 1835 he married a daughter of Judge Birdsall, of Norwich, N. Y., and the same year became a merchant at Pontiac, Mich. In 1837 he purchased a iarge tract of land where now is the town of Fenton and village of Fentonville, both named after him, and was in mercantile, milling and real estate business. He commenced 264 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. the study of law in 1839 and was admitted in 1843. In 1847 he was Senator from Genesee, Oakland, Macomb and Livingston counties. He removed to Flint in 1847. He held the position of register of the U. S. land office at Flint from 1852 until it was removed to East Sagi- naw, and was mayor of Flint in 1858. On the breaking out of the war in 1861, he tendered |5,000 to Gov. Blair to help equip the first regiments sent out. He became major of the 7th Michigan infantry early in 1861, but was commissioned colonel of the 8th Michigan, and led the regiment to the front, and took part in many battles, resigning in 1863 from ill health. He was the democratic candidate for governor in 1864. He erected the large block and public hall in Flint that bear his name. As chief of the fire department of Flint, while on cjuty, he received an injury which resulted in his death, Nov. 12, 1871. He was an able presiding officer, a ripe scholar, a good lawyer and able counselor. DANIEL FERGUSON, Jr., Was born in Cortland county, N. Y., March 18, 1794. He moved to Michigan in 1838, settling in Olive, Clinton county, in 1839, where he lived until his death, February 28, 1864. He served as a soldier in the war of 1812. He was supervisor of Olive several terms, and treasurer of Clinton county from 1847 to 1851. He for several terms held the position of justice of the peace. He was a Representative in 1844. In politics a Democrat, by occupation a farmer. FENNER FERGUSON Was born in Nassau, N. Y., April 25, 1814. He worked on a farm until seventeen, then attended school at the Nassau academy. He read law, was admitted, and practiced at Albany for five years. He came to Michigan an invalid in 1844, settled at Albion, and resumed practice. In politics a Democrat. A member of the Michigan House in 1849. JAMES E. FERGUSON, Representative from Van Buren county in 1877-9, was born in Oneida county, N. Y., in 1824, and came to Michigan in 1866. He received a common school education, supplemented by one year at the Gove- neur academy, N. Y. He studied medicine and graduated from the Jefferson medical college, Philadelphia. He was for one year town- MICHIGAN BIOGEAPHY. 265 ship superintendent of schools, and two years postmaster in Bangor, Michigan. Now practicing medicine. In politics a Republican. THOMAS A. FERGUSON, Uepresentative from Grand Traverse district in 1873-4-5, was born at Iosco, Mich., Sept. 2, 1839. He subsequently removed to Wexford councy. He was a gradual** of the State University in 1869. He has been prosecuting attorney of Wexford county. He enlisted as a pri- vate in the fourth Michigan infantry in 1864, and soon afterward received a first lieutenant's commission. He participated in the cap- ture of Atlanta, and also took part in the battles of Franklin and Nashville. He accompanied the fourth corps to Texas in 1865, and was mustered out of service at New Orleans the following September. By profession a lawyer, politically a Republican. GEORGE W. FERRINGTON Was born in Herkimer county, N. Y. , Feb. 22, 1790. He was a car- penter and farmer by occupation, and settled in Redford in 1828. He was appointed justice of the peace under the territorial regime in 1830 and held the office by appointment and election until his death, April 6, 1854. He also served some thirteen years as supervisor, town clerk and treasurer. He was a member of the contitutional con- vention of 1835, and a Representative in 1835-6-7 and 1847. He was a Democrat. JACOB FERRIS, Representative from Montcalm county in 1859, was born in Glenn's Falls, N. Y., February 10, 1822. He came to Michigan in 1837, and and is by profession a lawyer. Has held the positions of prosecut- ing attorney, delegate in the constitutional convention of 1867, and was captain of company D, 21st Michi-gan infantry, during the re- bellion. In politics, was for many years a Republican, and an effective stump speaker, but is now an antimonopolist. He resides at Spring Lake, but is engaged in practice at Grand Rapids. ASA P. FERRY, Representative from Kent county in 1871-2, was born in Spafford, N. Y., January 20, 1824. Brought up a farmer, and educated in com- mon and select schools. Settled in Courtland, Mich., and farmed it 26 MICHIGAK BIOGRAPHT. from 1849 to 1865, then moved to Cannon until 1879, and from that time was engaged in milling at Rockford. Three years supervisor of Courtland and five years of Cannon. In politics a Republican. THOMAS W. FERRY, Of Grand Haven, was born at Mackinaw, Michigan, June 1, 1827 and received his education in the public schools. In the Michigan legislature he was a Representative in 1 * 50, and a Senator in 1857-8 was one of the vice presidents of the Chicago national convention of 1860; was appointed a member of the board of managers of the Get' tysburgh national cemetery in 1864, and re-appointed in 1867; was a Representative in the thirty-ninth, fortieth and forty -first congresses and was re-elected to the forty-second, but was afterwards elected United States Senator, to succeed Jacob M. Howard. While in the house, he was chairman of the sub comm ittee on the New York post- office building, and the erection of that magnificent structure is largely due to his exertions. He took his seat in the Senate March 4, 1871 ; was elected president pro tern. March 9 and 19, and December 20. 1875; became acting vice-president upon the death of Vice-President Wilson, serving as such until March 4, 1877. In the absence of the president, he pre- sided and delivered an address at the centennial exposition, July 4, l876. Re elected Senator January 17, 1877, he was also re-elected president pro tern., March 5, 1877, February 26, 1878, April 17, 1878, and March 3, 1879, so that but two of the fifty-one presidents pro tern, of the Senate have served longer than he. In the Senate he was for many years chairman of the committees on rules, and postoffices and post-roads, and a member of the committee on finance. His ability as presiding officer was tested in the impeachment trial of Secretary of War Belknap, and at the joint convention on the elec- toral count of 1877. He was a leading candidate for re-election in 1883, but after a long and heated contest his name was withdrawn. C. B. H. FESSENDEN, Representative from Macomb county in 1842, was born at Sandwich, Mass., July 17, 1813. By profession a lawyer, in politics a Democrat until 1861, since a Republican. He settled in Utica, Mich., in 1838, where he engaged in practice. He was engrossing clerk of the Senate in 1839. After 1842 he removed to New Bedford, Mass., where he still resides. He was collector of customs at New Bedford, from MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 267 1853 to 1861, sheriff of Bristol county, Mass., from 1863 to 1869, and has held other public positions. CONRAD FEY, Representative from Saginaw county, in 1873-4, was born in Hesse, Prussia, June 17, 1831. He received his education in a common school. In 1847 he emigrated to the United States, and settled in Detroit. In 1862 he removed to East Saginaw, where he now resides. Has been a member of the board of water commissioners of East Saginaw. His business is insurance and dealer in foreign exchange. JAMES FIELD, Representative from Lenawee county in 1837, came from the state of New York, settled at Palmyra, Michigan, at an early day, and after- wards removed to Adrian, where he was in business as a warehouse man. His mother was a Quaker preacher at Scipio, N. Y. While living at Palmyra he was a justice of the peace. Died at Adrian, March 16, 1863. MOSES W. FIELD, Representative in congress from the first district in 1873-4-5, was born at Watertown, N. Y., Feb. 10, 1828, and received an academic education at Victor academy, N. Y. He came to Detroit in 1844, was at first a clerk, later a partner in the firm of Stephens & Field, then alone in business as a merchant. Has also been engaged in manu- facturing and real estate. He has given Linden park to Detroit, a tract of fifty acres. A Whig, then a Republican, later a Greenbacker. Has been alderman, trustee of the asylum at Pontiac, and is now a regent of the University. In congress was a Republican. Has been a member of the state republican committee and chairman of the state greenback committee. Was the republican candidate for con- gress in 1874, but was defeated b} Gen. Williams. FRANCIS W. FIFIELD, Representative from C>akland county in 1863-4, was born in Ogden, N. Y., April 10, 1821. By occupation a farmer and stock raiser, in politics a Democrat. Settled in Waterford, Mich., in 1838 and lived there until 1880, since then a resident of Decq,tur, Mich. Was school 268 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. inspector of Waterford 33 years; justice of the peace twelve years; supervisor nine years; town clerk four years, and master of the Masonic lodge for 22 years. ASAHEL FINCH, Jr., Representative from Lenawee county in 1837, came to Adrian, Mich., from the state of New York as early as 1832, and started a dry goods store in company with Nelson D. Skeels. He remained in business at Adrian for several years, and then engaged in banking at Homer, Mich. Later he removed to Milwaukee, Wis., where he engaged in law practice. While in Adrian he served as a justice of the peace under the territorial government. Deceased. WILLIAM FINLEY, Jr., Senator from Washtenaw county in 1849-50, was bom in Geneseo, N. Y., Dec. 15, 1810. He was educated at Temple Hill academy, and became a land surveyor and civil engineer. He came to Michigan in 1832 to survey lands for J. S. Wadsworth, of Geneseo, N. Y., and fol- lowed that business until 1838. He returned to New York and became judge of the Livingston county court in 1840. He settled at Ann Arbor in 1845. At first a Democrat, he became a Free Soiler; was a delegate to the Buffalo convention in 1848. He was the first president of the Washtenaw county agricultural society. Outside of official duties followed farming. Died June 12, 1858. GEORGE W. FISH, Senator from Genesee county in 1875, was bom at Kortright, N. Y., July 16, 1816, and graduated as a physician at Castleton, Vt., in 1837. He became a resident of Michigan in 1838. Served as consul at Ningpo, Japan; was surgeon of the 4th Michigan cavalry, and after- wards of the first and second cavalry brigades during the war; was a trustee of the institution for the deaf, dumb and blind at Flint; col" lector of internal revenue, and from 1868 to 1872 was editor of the Saginaw Enterprise. In politics a Republican, in later years a Dem- ocrat. Deceased. DELOS FISHER, Representative from Jackson county m 1865, was born in Scohairie county, N. Y., August 20, 1812. By occupation a cooper, in politics MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 269 a Republican. He became a resident of Michigan at an early day. He was marshal of Jackson in 1855, and afterwards held the offices of alderman and mayor. Died at Jackson, November 22, 1875. SPENCER O. FISHER, Representative in congress from the tenth district, was born in Cam- den, Mich., Feb, 3, 1843, is a resident of West Bay City, by occupa- tion a lumberman and banker, and politically a Democrat. Has been an alderman, twice mayor, and a delegate to the democratic national convention of 1884. Is serving his second term in congress, and has secured a government building and a U. S. court at Bay City. FERRIS S. FITCH, Representative from Ingham county in 1853-5, was born in Shelden, N. Y., Dec. 28, 1815. He received a fair education, and was by trade a mason, working on the Croton aqueduct. He settled on a large farm in Bunker Hill, Mich., in 1848, where he resided until his death, March 27, 1883. He was several terms supervisor of his town, and often a delegate to state and other conventions. In politics a Demo- crat. LYMA.N A. FITCH, Senator from Van Buren county in 1855, was born in Rutland, N. Y., Oct. 21, 1814. Came to Michigan in the fall of 1837, and located a farm a short distance from Paw Paw. For the last eight years of his life resided in Paw Paw. Politically first a Whig then a Republican. Died June 19, 1887. MORGAN L. FITCH, Representative from Van Buren county in 1851, was born in the state of New York, February 2, 1810. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Democrat. He removed to Van Buren county in 1837, and resided there until his death, April 6, 188.7. NATHAN FITCH, Representative from Berrien county in 1863-4, was born in Urbana, Ohio, October 12, 1810. He learned the trade of a plasterer, and ^70 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY, came with his family to Michigan in 1835, locating a farm eight miles from Niles. He was sheriff of Berrien county from 1857 to 1861. In politics first Whig then Republican. Now resides at Niles. JEROME B. FITZGERALD, * Was born in southern Indiana, in September, 1822. He came with his father. Gen. Thomas Fitzgerald, to Berrien county, Michigan, in 1832. He received a collegiate education, studied law and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1844. He was State Senator, sessions of 1847 and 1848. He practiced his profession in New York city from 1850 to 1864, when he returned to Berrien county. He was a good counselor and a reliable friend. He died at Niles, June 5, 1878. In politics a Democrat. JOHN C. FITZGERALD Was born in Berlin, Ohio. His father was a pioneer in Springport, Michigan. The son attended Albion college, studied law with Governor Blair at Jackson; was admitted in 1858; in 1860 removed to Marshall, where he practiced until 1873; was prosecuting attorney of Calhoun county from 1861 to 1865; and Senator in 1869-70. He went to Grand Rapids in 1873, became a partner of John W. Champlin and has become a leading member of the Grand Rapids bar, having a large practice in both state and federal courts. He was the republi- can candidate for congress in the 5th district in 1884. THOMAS FITZGERALD Was born in Germantown, N. Y., April 10, 1796. His father was a soldier of the revolution. The son enlisted in the war of 1812, had his arm shattered by a bullet, and for life was an invalid pensioner. He taught school, married Mary Baldwin in 1818, and removed to Indiana, taught school, studied law, and was admitted in 1821. He became a democratic leader and was elected to the Indiana legisla- ture. In 1832 President Jackson appointed him. light-house keeper at St. Joseph, Michigan, and he soon became a prominent man in the territory of Michigan, and held many offices. He was clerk of Ber- rien county in 1834; regent of the University of Michigan; bank com- missioner in 1837; Representative in the legislature of 1839; demo- cratic candidate for lieutenant governor on the ticket headed by Chancellor Farnsworth; and in 1848 was appointed United States Senator by Governor Ransom, to fill vacancy caused by the resigna- MICHIGAN BIOGKAPHY. 271 tion of Gen. Cass. He served two sessions and won the respect of political friends and opponents. He declined the tender of judge in a territory. While serving as probate judge of Berrien county he died at Niles, March 25, 1855. GEORGE FITZ3IMM0NS Came from Rose, N. Y., and settled in Reading, Mich., in 1837. In 1839-40 he was town treasurer, and served as justice sixteen years. In 1853 he was a Representative. He aided largely by his time, in- fluence and means in securing a railroad through the town. He was a farmer and prosperous. Died October 9, 1870. JOHN W. FLETCHER, Representative from Calhoun county in 1877, was born in Marshall, March 4, 1844. He received a common school education in his native city, and began business for himself in 1866 as a clothing merchant. Subsequently he inaugurated a branch clothing store at Charlotte, Eaton county, and one at Albion, Calhoun county. In politics he is a Democrat. He now resides at Battle Creek and is postmaster of that city. NIRAM A. FLETCHER, Representative from Kent county in 1883, was born at Oakland, Ontario, February 13, 1850. Educated at a common school and became a teacher. Came to Michigan in 1870. Studied law and engaged in practice at Grand Rapids. Politically a Democrat. WILLIAM A. FLETCHER, The first chief justice of Michigan, was born in New Hampshire, and as a young man was engaged m mercantile business at Salem, Mass. He removed to Scoharie county, N. Y., studied law, and in 1821 com- menced practice at Detroit. In 1823 he was appointed chief justice of the county court of Wayne county. He held that position three years, and was several years attorney general. In 1833 a judicial cir- cuit was established, including all the counties of the state except Wayne, and Judge Fletcher was appointed judge. He removed to Ann Arbor to comply with the law as to residence. In 1836 he was appointed chief justice of the Supreme Court, and held that position 272 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. until 1842, when he resigned. In 1887 he made a revision of the laws of the state. He died at Ann Arbor in August, 1853. MARTIN P. FOLLETT, Representative from Montcalm county in 1861-2, was born in the state of Ohio, May 20, 1820. He came to Michigan about 1855, and settled in Fairplains, Montcalm county, as a farmer and lumberman. He was supervisor of that town. During the war he was a sutler in the army. Now resides at Chicago, 111. DAN P. FOOTE, Senator from Saginaw county in 1877, was born in Deerfield, N. Y., Aug. 18, 1831. As a citizen of New York state served in the Mexican war. He was a sailor several years. He settled in Saginaw county, Mich., in 1854, became a lawyer, was prosecuting attorney, justice, supervisor, city attorney of Saginaw, and held other offices. In poli- tics a Democrat. HENRY K. FOOTE, Representative from Oakland county in 1837, 1840, 1861-2, located a farm in Commerce in 1831-2, and was the first physician there. He removed to Milford in 1838, and took high rank as a physician. He went into the service and was made lieutenant, August 14, 1862, and died at Poolesville, Maryland, February 9, 1863. JOHN FORBES, Representative from Wayne county in 1840, was born in Vermont in 1800, and came to Michigan in 1819, settling at Flat Rock, Wayne county, removing to Van Buren township in 1865, where he died June 19, 1876. He held the offices of supervisor and justice. Was a farmer, and Whig and Republican in politics. JOSHUA FORBES Was born in Buckland, Mass., February, 1808. In 1817, with his par- ents, he removed to Leicester, Genesee county. In 1837 he removed to Saline, Mich., where he died February 10, 1880. He was several times supervisor and held other town offices, A farmer and a Demo- crat. He was Representative in 1865. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 5^73 HENRY FORD, Senator from the twelfth district, comprising Van Buren and Cass counties, in 1881-2, was born in Monroe, N. Y., February 11, 1825, and received a common school education. Having become, at the age of seventeen, a clerk in the store of the Southfield furnace com- pany, at the age of twenty-one he was promoted to superintendent. He has held the office of superintendent of the poor, and justice. He removed to Michigan in 1867 to take charge of the erection of the Lawton iron works. He is a Republican. MELBOURNE H. FORD, Of Grand Rapids, was born in Saline, Michigan, June '30, 1849; was educated at the Michigan agricultural college, and at the United States naval academy at Annapolis, Maryland; served in the navy during the latter part of the war of the rebellion; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1878, but never engaged in the practice; has been official stenographer of several Michigan courts since 1874' was a member of the Michigan legislature in 1885-86, and was elected to the fiftieth congress as a Democrat, receiving 18,567 votes against 18,120 votes for George W. McBride, Republican, 3,086 votes for Ed- ward L. Briggs, Prohibitionist, and 3 votes scattering. JOHN H. FORSTER, Senator from the upper peninsula in 1865, was born at Erie, Pa., Maj'^ 29, 1822. When young, a law student and schoolmaster, later, civil and mining engineer, explorer, geologist, and now a farmer. Assist- ant engineer U. S. survey of lakes, river and harbor improvements; on the Mexican boundary survey, 1848-9; six years special engineer of Michigan for construction of Portage Lake and Lake Superior ship canal; several years superintendent of copper mines; judge of pro- bate in California; justice, postmaster, member of board of control of Michigan mining school. In politics a Democrat, and now resides at Meridian, Mich. , and is extensively engaged in the breeding of Jer- sey and other choice stock. WILDER D. FOSTER, Member of congress froni 1871, to 1873, was born in Monroe, N. Y., January 8, 1821. Became a blacksmith and a resident of Marshall, Mich., and then of Grand Rapids, In 1845 entered into the hardware 274 MICHIGAlf BIOGRAPHY. trade at Grand Rapids, and was ultimately the largest dealer in that line in the Grand river valley. Served as alderman, treasurer and mayor of Grand Rapids, and was Senator in 1855. A Republican in politics. He had the respect and esteem of everybody. Died Sep- tember 20, 1873. * JAMES FOWLE Was born in Monroe county, N. Y., in 1807. In 1831 he came to Michigan, settling in Blissfield, and in 1835 removed to Camden, Hillsdale county. He was postmaster from 1837 to 1844; the first supervisor, and held that position and justice several terms. He was a volunteer in the Black Hawk and Toledo wars, and a Repre- sentative in 1850, 1861-2-3-4. Died May 18, 1865. FREDERICK FOWLER, Representative from Hillsdale county in 1859, and Senator in 1865, was born at Perry, Ohio, February 5, 1815. Flad a fair education and was brought up a farmer. He filled large contracts on the Lake Shore railroad east of Hillsdale, and in 1837, with his brother, platted seventy-six acres, known as Fowler's addition to Hillsdale, and was a merchant there. He moved upon a farm in Reading in 1846, and owned several other farms. In 1861 he went into service as captain of a company in the 2d Michigan cavalry, resigning in 1863, with the rank of lieutenant colonel. In politics a Republican. RALPH F0W3.ER, Representative from Livingston county in 1845-51, was born in Trenton, N. Y., October 8, 1808. He settled in 1836 on a farm in Handy, Michigan, and was the founder of the village of Fowlerville. He was the first supervisor in 18 J8, and several terms thereafter, was a justice for twenty-five years, and was liberal in giving aid to settlers, and in charity. Died September 26, 1887. ^ SMITH W. FOWLER, Senator from Eaton county in 1863-4, was born at New Berlin, N. Y., April 5, 1829. He was educated at Cooperstown, N. Y., and at Albion college. He became a resident of Michigan in 1841, was admitted to the bar in 1853, and commenced practice at Charlotte, MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 275 He was circuit court commissioner six years, and prosecuting attor- ney. At the beginning of the war he raised and commanded a company, said to have been the first uniformed company in the state , and served in the 6th Michigan infantry, taking part in many battles. Disabled, he returned home in 1863. He was a draft commissioner, and in the legislature was effective in securing the passage of the soldiers' voting bill, providing for a roll of honor, and the employ, ment of colored troops. He removed to Manistee in 1867, where he engaged in practice and published and edited the Manistee Times, afterwards Standard, until 1885. A Republican at first, a Democrat since 1876. Has three times been a democratic candidate for Senator, and was a colonel on the staff of Gov. Begole. BENJAMIN F. FOX Was born at Whitesboro, N. Y., April 4, 1804, and removed to Buffalo, N. Y. , in 1812. He was bred to farming and was a natural mechanic. He came to Michigan in 1826, and was elected Repre- sentative from Jackson connty in 1849. In politics a Democrat. Resi- dence, Waterloo. EDWIN G. FOX, Senator from Huron and Tuscola counties in 1887, was born in the province of Ontario in 1848, and came to this state in 1855. Education that of common schools. Has been a clerk and merchant, town clerk, and register of deeds of Tuscola county, four years. Resides at Caro. In politics a Republican. HENRY FRALICK, Representative from Wayne county in 1847, and Senator in 1853, wag born at Minden, N. Y., Feb. 9, 18 12. His father was a captain in the war of 1812, and his grandfather one of eleven brothers who served in the revolution. He received a fair education and came with his father to Michigan in 1824. He in early life was a sailor; was a clerk at the Michigan Exchange in 1836, and then in a store at Plymouth, and was in trade there from 1838 to 1860, also owned mills. Removed to Grand Rapids in 1862 and became a banker, in which he is still interested, being a director of the city national bank; has also been a merchant, real estate dealer, and manufacturer. Has been justice, supervisor, editor, county auditor, president of school board, delegate in constitutional convention of 1850, a manager to 276 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. represent Michigan at the Philadelphia exposition, member of the semi-centennial exposition in 1886, and has held other positions of trust and honor. WILLIAM H. FRANCIS, Senator from Benzie and several other counties in 1885, was born in Ingham county, Mich., Jan 29, 1843. He was educated at common schools; was a clerk; served from 1861 to 1864 in the 2d Michigan cavalrr; studied law and was admitted in 1882; and went into prac- tice at Frankfort, Mich. Has held several positions, including justice, prosecuting attorney, supervisor, and circuit court commissioner. In politics a Republican. CHARLES L. FRASER, Representative in 1881-2 from Emmet and other counties, was born in Wyoming county, N. Y., in 1833, and came with his parents to Oakland county, Mich., in 1834. Has been a farmer, sailor, mechanic, teacher, and real estate dealer. He graduated at the State Univer- sity in 1864. Has held several offices at Petoskey. In politics a Republican. MURDOCH FRASER, Representative from Saginaw county in 1848, was born in Inverness, Scotland, Dec. 25, 1812. A farmer and a Democrat. He settled at Saginaw in 1835, and was supervisor in 1844 and 1846. Died March 15, 1876. CHANDLER FREEMAN, Representative in 1863-4 from Clinton county, was born in Hebron, Maine, January 18, 1814. He was a graduate of Dartmouth college, came to Michigan in 1855, and was a manufacturer at Maple Rapids. Took great interest in public schools and education. Died in August, 1865, at Central City, Colorado. FRANKLIN S. FREEMAN, Senator from Ionia and Montcalm counties in 1877, was born at Sut- ton, Mass., February 14, 1829. He removed to Adrian, Michigan, in 1839, and in 1843 to Ionia county. He was engaged in mercantile and agricultural pursuits until 1869, since then resided in Ionia, MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 277 engaged in insurance and money loaning business. He has been treasurer of the people's fire insurance company of Ionia and Mont- calm counties. In politics a RepubUcan. * ALFRPJD FRENCH Was a Senator from southern Michigan in 1850 and 1851. He came from the state of New York and settled in Branch county while it was a wilderness. He was a pioneer Democrat, and held almost undisputed political sway in that vicinity for many years. He was an active legislator. In 1849 he removed to Oregon. GEORGE H. FRENCH, Senator from Calhoun county in 1861-2-3-4, was born in Junius, N. Y., January 18, 1830. Received a fair education and became a teacher. In 1841 settled on a farm in Tekonsha, Mich., but has been a merchant at Homer since 1848. Has filled local offices, and in the Senate introduced the first resolution to free the slaves as a war measure. Also introduced the resolution which resulted in the " roll of honor," a lasting record of the soldiers who died for the Union. In politics a Republican. JOHN M. FRENCH, Representative from Ingham county in 1842, was born in New Bruns- wick, N. J., July 11, 1798, and removed to western New York in 1806, there learned the trade of a tanner, and was in that business in several places. He settled in Aurelius, Mich. , as a farmer in 1838, and held several offices, including that of supervisor. Has resided at Lansing since 1866. At the legislative reunion in 1886, he was the oldest person present. In politics a Democrat. WILLIAM A. FRENCH, Representative from Monroe county in 1883, was born at Pelham, Canada, March 2, 1849. He came to the United States in 1867, and resides in the township ot Dundee. He owns and operates several large farms in the township of Dundee; is largely engaged in saw- milling, and is an extensive railroad contractor. In politics a Republican. 27 278 MICHIGAN BIOGKAPHY. JOHN W. FREY, Representative from St. Joseph county in 1853, was born in Canajo- harie, N. Y., July 24, 1804. By occupation a blacksmith and farmer, in politics first Whig then Republican. He came to Michigan in 1843, settled at Three Rivers and engaged in business as a blacksmith. About 1854 opened a general store in Three Rivers, which he carried on several years, retiring during the late war. Died in November, 1872. ALONZO T. FRISBEE, Senator from Livingston and Shiawassee counties in 1885, was born Oct. 12, 1840, near Howell, Mich. Received a high school education and worked at home until twenty-eight years of age. Settled as a farmer in Isabella county in 1872 and was also a merchant. After- wards returned to Livingston county. Supervisor many terms. In politics a Greenbacker. PHILIP S. FRISBEE, Representative from Oakland county in 1859, was born near Seneca Lake, N. Y. He removed from Chautauqua county to Lapeer county in 1833, and in 1840 purchased land in Springfield, Oakland county, and removed to that town. He was a justice. Died December 21 , 1866. ALMON B. FROST Was born September 17, 1826, in Covington, N. Y. A farmer by occupation, a Democrat in politics. Came to Michigan with his par- ents in 1841. They settled in Orion, Oakland county, since his home. He has been supervisor sixteen years, township clerk four years, school inspector twenty-five years and held other town offices. Rep- resentative in the sessions of 1871-2. CEYLON C. FULLER Was born at Chardon, Ohio, June 25, 1832; in 1845 removed to Grand Rapids, Mich., where he was educated, and at Hiram college, Ohio, a classmate and room mate of President Garfield. Studied law and was admitted in 1860. Practiced at Big Rapids, his present home. Representative in 1869-70. Been postmaster, prosecuting attorney, judge of probate, and circuit court commissioner. In 1882 elected judge of 27th judicial circuit and served one term. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 279 EDWARD L. FULLER, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1840, and Senator in 1841-2, was born at Sempronius, N. Y., May 22, 1810, and died at San Francisco, Cal., April 6, 1851. Graduated at Union college in 1830, and studied law. Settled in Washtenaw county at an early day and was a distinguished orator of the Whig party. When on the stump he was followed from place to place by crowds. Every art of the speaker was at his command: mythology, classic story, fable, anecdote, history, poetry, biography, scripture, personal observation and experience, vivid imagination, fervid enthusiasm, apt and ready wit, magnetized his hearers, and they laughed, cried. shoutQd, and were completely under his control. PHILO C. FULLER, Representative and speaker of the House in 1841, was born in New Marlborough, Mass., Aug. 13, 1787. By profession a lawyer, politi- cally a Whig. He was a member of the New York assembly, and also Senator. He settled in Adrian in 1837, and had charge of the Erie & Kalamazoo railroad, and bank. He was assistant postmaster general under Harrison, and again became a resident of New York, and was comptroller of that state. Died at Geneva, N. Y., Aug. 16, 1855. LAWRENCE C. FYFE, Representative from Berrien county in 1881-2-3, was born at Isle Aux Noix, Lake Champlain, May 18, 1850. He was educated in Scotland. He settled at St. Joseph, Mich., in 1870, studied law, was admitted in 1873, and is now in practice at St. Joseph. A Republican in politics. CHAUNCEY H. GAGE, Of East Saginaw, was born at Detroit, June 17, 1840, removed to Saginaw with his parents in 1849, residing at Saginaw City and East Saginaw since. Studied law, admitted to the bar in 1862, and prac- ticed at East Saginaw. He was enrolling clerk of the Senate for 1857-8; member of board of education 1862; prosecuting attorney Saginaw county 1863 to 1867; recorder East Saginaw 1871 and 1872, city attorney 1878. He was elected judge of the tenth circuit in the spring of 1881 on non-partisan ticket for six years from January 1, 1882, 280 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. DE WITT C. GAGE, Was born in the village of Bellona, N. Y., August 28, 1820; received a common school education and attended Lima (N. Y.) seminary; was for several years clerk and afterwards principal, in a country mer- cantile business and also in farming. He studied law with Judge Folger, and was admitted to the bar in 1855. In that year he re- moved to East Saginaw, Mich., where he has since remained in the practice of his profession. He was private secretary to Gov. Bing- ham two years; was postmaster under President Lincoln: was removed by President Johnson ; was appointed circuit judge in April, 1880, and, as the republican candidate, was elected to fill the vacancy, in November of that year. Since 1855 he has been a Republican. JOHN L. GAGE, Representative from Genesee county in 1843, was born in New Lon- don, N. H., October 5, 1805. He removed with his parents to Ontario county, N. Y., in 1817, and lived with them until of age. He then taught school winters and worked as a carpenter summers. He came to Michigan in 1830 and settled near Tecumseh. In 1836 settled on a farm in the town of Flint, where he lived until 1887. Held various offices, including justice and supervisor. Now resides in Burton, Genesee county. In politics a Democrat. JUSTUS GAGE Was bom in in De Ruyter, N. Y., March 13, 1805. He received an academical education, and became a Universalist minister. In 1837 he settled in Wayne, Cass county, was one of the first presidents of the county agricultural society, and in 1852 delivered the address before the state agricultural society at Detroit. For eight years a member of the state board of agriculture, and was director of schools at Dowagiac. He took great interest in the early develop- ment of the state agricultural college. Died January 21, 1875. SENECA H. GAGE, Representative from Eaton county in 1859, was born in Bellona, N. Y., October 3, 1813. By profession a physician, politically, first Whig, then Republican. He settled in Bellevue, Eaton county, in 1834, and in practice was more than once compelled to wait for daylight in a tree, when pursued by wild beasts. He was a member of the MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 281 first nominating convention of Eaton county in 1838. Died Decem- ber 30, 1882. WILLIAM GAGE, Representative from Oakland county in 1843, was an early pioneer from the state of New York, and was the first settler in the township of Holly, Oakland county, and built the first house there. In 1838 he was a justice of the peace. ELBRIDGE E. GALE, Representative from Genesee county in 1853, and member of the con- stitutional convention of 1850, was born in Norwich, Mass. , Feb. 2, 1811, and removed with his parents to Shoreham, Vt., in 1818. He was a teacher at sixteen, was educated at the Shoreham academy, studied medicine and graduated at Castleton in 1834. He practiced in Niagara county, N. Y., but in 1844 settled at Atlas, Mich., continu- ing in practice. He was Senator in 1861-2; surgeon of the provost board of the 6th district until the close of the war; and collector of internal revenue for two years, same district. Later returned to Ver- mont. In politics a Republican. MARTIN P. GALE, Representative from Mecosta county in 1881-2, was born November 20, 1847, in Barre, Vt. He received an academical education, and in 1867 removed to Chicago and engaged in mercantile business. In 1872 removed to Big Rapids, Mich. He was elected mayor of Big Rapids in 1877 and re-elected in 1878 and 1879. By occupation a lum- berman. In politics a Republican. JOHN H. GALLOWAY Was born at Gorham, Ontario county, N. Y., Oct. 2, 1817. His grand- father was a scout and messenger for General Washington during the revolutionary war. He came to Howell in 1844 and established a foundry. In 1861-2 he was Senator, as a Republican. He has filled minor ofiices and is a successful business man. CALEB H. GALLUP, Representative from Huron county in 1867, was born in Norwalk, Ohio, May 10, 1834. He was the first student to receive a degree from 282 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. Madison University, N. Y. He graduated from the Cincinnati law school in 1858. In 1859 removed to St. Johns, Mich. , and in 1860 to Port Austin. He was ten years prosecuting attorney of Huron county, held other county and town offices, and was deputy U. S. marshal. He opposed municipal aid to railroads in the legislature, and took the first steps to secure a harbor of refuge at Sand Beach. Now resides at Nor walk, Ohio. SAMUEL N. GANTT, Representative from Oakland county in 1838, came from central New York to Pontiac, Michigan, in 1837 and established the Pontiac Her- ald, which he published as a Democratic paper until 1839. He removed to Paw Paw and started the Paw Paw Free Press in 1845, which he published less than a year and a half. He afterwards removed to Detroit. Nothing farther can be learned of him. MILTON J. GARD Was born in Union county, Indiana, March 11, 1824. He settled on a farm in Volinia, Cass county, in 1829. He became greatly interested in the education of the early settlers, and established a grammar school which he taught for four years, and it became the germ of the farmers' club of that township. He filled every township office except one, was president of the Cass county agricultural society for six years, and was for six years a member of the state board of agri- culture. AMOS GARDNER, Representative from Branch county in 1885, was born in Otsego county, N. Y., March 18, 1833. Mr. Gardner is a farmer, and has been a resident of Michigan forty-nine years He is a Republican, and has held the office of supervisor nine terms, and was elected to the legislature by a vote of 1,667 to 1,515 for John D. Ackerman, fusion, and 202 for E. E. Bostwick, prohibition candidate. EARL P. GARDENER, Was born in Bosrah, Cona., in 1807. In 1827 he enlisted in company A, second regiment, U. S. infantry, and was stationed at Fort Gratiot, Michigan territory. On his discharge he married, settled in Ann Arbor, and went into business as publisher of the Michigan MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY. 283 Argus. He was also justice. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1850. By trade a printer, in politics a Democrat. Died some years since. RANSOM GARDNER Was born at Fort Ann. N. Y., in 1813. He came to Jonesville, Mich., in 1837, and engaged in mercantile business. His first connection with railroads was the building of the station house at Jonesville, the next a contract to grade the Michigan Southern railroad to Chicago. This was followed by track laying on the same road. He also built the Detroit & Toledo branch of the Lake Shore road; the road from -Tack- son to Adrian; the Cincinnati, Wabash & Michigan, and several others. He was emphatically a leader and projector in the early days of rail- road building. In 1853 he was Senator from Hillsdale county. He was first a Whig and then a Republican. He resided at Jonesville until 1866, when he became a resident of Kalamazoo. He married Olivia A. Smith in 1839, and was the father of three sons and two daughters. He was a man of great energy and indomitable will, active, indus- trious, honorable and benevolent. He died at Kalamazoo, June 9, 1876. ' CHARLES W. GARFIELD, Representative from Kent county in 1881-2, was born in Wauwatosa, Wis., March 14, 1848. Removed to Grand Rapids in 1858, attended school, and was a teacher at seventeen. Graduated at the agri- cultural college in 1870. Engaged in the nursery business; from 1873 to 1877 was connected with the horticultural department of the agri- cultural college; for four years conducted the farm department of the Detroit Free Press; and has been secretary of the state horti- cultural society since 1876. A Republican. Resides at Grand Rapids. SAMUEL M. GARFIELD Was born in Pembroke, N. Y., June 23, 1816. He received a common school education, and in 1841 settled in Milwaukee county, Wisconsin. In 1858 he settled on a farm near Grand Rapids, Michigan. He was supervisor and held other local 9ffices. In 1871-2-3^-5 he was Rep- resentative in the legislature from Kent county. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Republican. 284 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPpY. JAMES GARGETT, Representative from Gratiot county in 1863-4, was born in Godman- chester. Canada, July 15, 1825. Removed to Ohio in 1835; received a common school education; became a teacher and farmer; was a com- mission merchant in Cleveland; then in the hardware trade at Fred- erickstown, Ohio; removed to Alma, Mich., in 1858, and became a merchant and manufacturer; and dealer in real estate. Has been a supervisor and held other local offices. In politics a Republican. WILLIAM D. GARRISON Was born August 9, 1835, in Farmer, N. Y., and came with his par- ents to Michigan in 1837. He worked on a farm and attended winter school until twenty, then learned the trade of a carpenter, but finally went into mercantile business at Vernon, and is now a leading mer- chant of Shiawassee county. He was Representative in 1871-2, and is a Republican in politics. Has been director and stockholder in the national bank at Corunna since its organization. JAN W. GARVELINK, Representative from Allegan county in 1873-4, '83, was born Dec. 5, 1833, in Gelderland, Netherlands. In 1847 settled in Fillmore, Mich., as a farmer. Many terms a supervisor and school director, and has held other local offices. Politically a Republican. MATTHEW T. GARVEY, Senator from Cass and St. Joseph counties in 1875, was born in Clark county, Ohio, May 13, 1821. He received a common school education, removed to Cass county, Mich., in 1846, and has continued to reside there. He was five terms supervisor; served two terms as justice, and four years as judge of probate for Cass county. He was post- master at Dowagiac under Taylor. His occupation is farming. In politics a Republican. ALONZO GARWOOD Was born October 15, 1824, in Logan county, Ohio. After studying medicine he graduated at Starling medical college at Columbus, Ohio^ He located at Cassopolis, Mich, in 1850, and has been engaged there in practice since that date. He was one of the organizers of the MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 285 Republican party at Jackson and is still a member. He was Senator from Cass county in 1857-8. In 1864 was mustered into the service as surgeon of the 28th Michigan infantry and served until 1866. From 1874 to 1884 was one of the county superintendents of the poor. SILAS B. GASKILL Was born in Gainesville, N. Y. , April 18, 1828. Keceived a common school and academical education ; studied law and settled in practice in Lapeer, Mich., was prosecuting attorney; in 1880 was appointed circuit judge, and the same year was elected to that oflfice, serving until the close of 1887. Politically a Democrat. HERSCHEL R. GASS Was born in Ray, Mich., March 7, 1844. Graduated from the Uni- versity of Michigan in 1873; from 1874 to 1877 was professor of sciences and mathematics, Vincennes (Ind.) University; principal of Vernon, Mich., and Jonesville high schools from 1877 to 1883; appointed superintendent of public instruction to fill vacancy, March 1, 1883. In 1884 was elected to that office as the Republican candi- date, but resigned in 1885, after serving a short time. MYLO L. GAY, Representative from Livingston county in 1869, '70, and Senator in 1871-2, was born in Salisbury, Conn., June 20, 1825. Lived at Ann Arbor, Mich., from 1831 to 1837, then came to Howell. He gradu- ated at Oberlin college in 1848, studied law and was admitted in 1853. Held several town and county offices, and became a banker at Fow- lerville in 1873, still residing at Howell. Died March 21, 1884. AUGUSTINE S. GAYLORD, Representative from Saginaw county in 1863-4, was born in Jefferson, Ohio, February 9, 1831. He was liberally educated in the best insti- tutions of Ohio. He removed from Ohio to Saginaw in 1851, and entered upon the study of the law. In 1852 he was appointed deputy county clerk, and was clerk of the county in following years. Politi- cally a Whig until 1854, then a Republican. About 1854 he became a law partner of Hon. John Moore, and as a lawyer was a success 286 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. from the start. He married Emeline E. Warner, of Ripon, Wis., in 1856, and of a large family, two sons and two daughters survive. He was U. S. commissioner in 1864-5-6, and as Representative was a lead- ing member of the House and of the judiciary committee. He was appointed assistant attorney general of the United iStates by Presi- dent Grant, and was solicitor of the interior department under Sec- J*etary Chandler until his death, June 21, 1877. He wrought many important changes in the methods of business with great advantage to the service. JOHN GEDDES Was born in Londonderry, Pa., March 19, 1801, and was brought up on a farm. In 1824 he located land three miles south of Ann Arbor, in Pittsfield. In 1825, with his brother, bought more land and settled on a farm in Ann Arbor township. He ran a saw-mill for forty years, up to 1868. In 1829 he was an anti-Mason, then a Whig and later a Republican. The whigs elected him Representative in 1841. He has also been supervisor, assessor and justice for more than twenty years. He still lives in Ann Arbor. GEORGE W. GERMAIN, Representative from Ionia county in 1857, was born in Marcellus, N. Y., June 4, 1818. He came to Michigan in 1843 and purchased a farm in North Plains, Ionia county, where he now resides. Was a Whig of the Seward-Greeley type, became a Republican and was the first of that party sent to the legislature from Ionia county. Was a delegate in the constitutional convention of 1867. NATHANIEL L. GERRISH, Representative from Mecosta, Osceola and Lake counties in 1875, was born in Durham, Maine, February 16, 4820. He came to Michi- gan in 1861, and settled at Croton, Newaygo county. He has held the office of supervisor, and is by occupation a lumberman. ADONIRAM J. GIBBS, Representative from Ionia county in 1881-2, was born in Nelson Ohio, January 18, 1840. Removed with his father to Ionia county, Mich., in 1854, received an academical education and became a farnier I MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 287 in Orange. Has been justice several terms and school superintend- ent. In politics a Republican. GEORGE C. GIBBS. Representative from Calhoun county in 1839, was born in Herkimer county, N. Y., in 1812, settled in Marshall, Mich., in 1836, and com- menced the practice of law. He was supervisor, justice, prosecuting attorney, and reporter of the Supreme Court. His reports cover most of the opinions given from 1851 to 1857. In 1858 he established a general mercantile collection agency in New York city, which he closed in 1870, removing to San Diego, Cal., where he resumed the practice of law. Died there in 1886. JAMES L. GIBBS, Representative from Grand Traverse and Manitou counties in 1877 and 1885, was born in Sheboygan county, Wisconsin, February 16, 1848. Educated at common schools with a few terms at Ripon col- lege. Resided in Michigan since 1873. In the lumber and mercan- tile business. Has been supervisor and heli other local oflBlces. Politically a Republican. CHARLES F. GIBSON, Senator from Bay and other counties in 1881-2, was bom at Grand Blanc, Mich., July 22, 1836. Graduated from the law department of the University in 1868, settled at Bay City, and became a mercb^ant. In politics a Republican. He was the republican candidate for congress in the tenth district in 1885, but was defeated. JOHN GIBSON, Representative from Detroit in 1871-2, is a native of Devonshire, Eng- land, born in 1830. He came to the United States when nineteen years of age, reaching Detroit with a single sovereign in his pocket. He entered upon his trade, that of carpenter and builder, which has been the active business of his life, he having built over four hundred and fifty houses in Detroit. For many years past he has been engaged in building cottages upon city property of his own, which he has held for sale on the instalment plan. His business enterprises have yielded him an ample competence. He was for many years a 288 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. member of the board for reviewing the assessments, and was two years president of the mechanics' society of the city. Still living in Detroit. Politics republican. AUGUSTINE H. GIDDINGS Was born at Sherman, Conn., March 19, 1834, and died in Michigan, December 10, 1876. He studied law in New York city with Truman Smith, formerly United States Senator from Connecticut, and the manager of the Fremont campaign in 1856. Judge Giddings came to Michigan in 1857, settled at Newaygo, and engaged in the practice of his profession. He was prosecuting attorney and judge of probate of Newaygo county, and was judge of the 14th judicial circuit from December 8, 1869, until his death. He was a man of fine personal presence and an able judge. J. WIGHT GIDDINGS, Senator from the counties of Benzie, Manistee, Osceola, and Wex- ford, in 1887, was born at Romeo, Michigan, September 27, 1858. He has been law clerk at Chicago, in the Jaw department of the C. & N. W. R. R., and with the exception of five years has been a resident of Michigan all his life. He is editor of the Cadillac News. He was elected to the Senate of 1887-8 on the republican ticket by a vote of 4,180 to 3,395 for S. W. Fowler, and 753 for E. S. Richardson, Prohi- bitionist. MARSH GIDDINGS Was born in Sherman, Conn., Nov. 19, 1816; became early a resident of Richland, Mich.; for some time was a student in Western Reserve college, Ohio; wae Representative in 1849; was delegate to the republican national convention of 1860, and a presidential elector the same year; was eight years probate judge of Kalamazoo county; member of the constitutional convention of 1867; nominated consul general to Calcutta, but declined; and was governor of New Mexico until his death at Santa Fe, June 3, 1875. He was several years a member of the republican national committee, was an able lawyer, good debater and cultured man. ORRIN N. GIDDINGS, Representative from Kalamazoo county in 1846, was born in Beek- man, N. Y., Feb. 21, 1814. Received a fine business education, and MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 289 from fifteen until twenty-two was a clerk. Settled as a farmer in Charleston, Mich., in 1836, was a justice and several terms a super- visor. From 1847 to 1852 was a merchant and produce dealer at Augusta, Mich., also supervisor. He was treasurer of Kalamazoo county eight years; i^uartermaster general of Michigan several years; several years a trustee of Kalamazoo, where he now resides, engaged in farming and buying and selling real estate. A Whig until 1854, since a Republican. TOWNSEND E. GIDLEY, Representative from Jackson county in 1835-6-8, '50, and Senator in 1839, '40-1-2, '63-4, was born at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., in 1805. He received a good business education, was four years a clerk, and became a merchant. He settled as a farmer on a fifteen hundred acre farm in Jackson county, and put in three hundred acres of wheat in 1833. He became at once a leading farmer and horticulturist. He was a delegate in the constitutional convention of 1835, and the only one now living. He was a leading Whig, and was their candidate for governor in 1851, but was defeated by Gov. McClelland. For the last few years he has been a resident of Grand Haven. At the legis- lative reunion in 18 S6 he was the oldest member present. No man has had a larger acquaintance with the men and happenings of the first fifty years of Michigan as a state. PAUL GIES, Representative from Detroit in 1859, '65 and '77, was born in Ger- many in 1827, coming to Detroit in 1831. With a common school education he has been a merchant, now a manufacturer. He has been alderman nine years, and president of the council, was county treasurer from 1869 to 1873, and has held other local offices. He was captain of a company in the 27th Michigan for one year, when he resigned. MILO E. GIFFORD, Representative from Allegan county in 1869-70, was born in Lorain, N". Y., August 19, 1832. By occupation a merchant, in politics a Republican. He served as captain of a New York artillery regiment from 1862 to 1865. Died November 6, 1878. 28 290 MICHIGAN BIOGKAPHY. LINUS S. GILBERT, Representative from Macomb county in 1837, was born in Vermont, January 24, 1804. He came to Michigan in 1832, settled in Romeo, and engaged in mercantile business for some years. In 1839 he pur- chased wild land in Richmond, Macomb county (a portion of which is now a part of the village of Memphis), and is one of the best farms in Macomb county, where he lived until his death, September 7, 1866. He held various town and village offices. THOMAS D. GILBERT, Representative from Kent county in 1861-2, and regent of the Uni- versity for twelve years, was born at Greenfield, Mass., December 13, 1815, and was there educated. After five years' service as a clerk, he engaged in ihe lumber business at Grand Haven, Mich., in 1835, and was a pioneer in that business. He served as sheriff of Ottawa county. He removed to Grand Rapids in 1858, where he now resides. Has served several years on the board of education, was five years president of the board of public works, and is now president of the national city bank, a position he has held since 1865. GEORGE F. GILLAM Was born November 7, 1836, at Middlesex, N. Y., and received a %mmon school education. He removed to Hillsdale county, Mich. , in 1854. He lived in Bronson, Branch county, from 1858 to 1872, where he was town clerk, supervisor, justice and Representative in 1871-2. Removed to Lansing in 1872, and was justice from 1877 to 1881, and probate judge of Ingham county from 1881 to 1885. Is now practicing law at Lansing. Has always been a Republican. AMASA GILLETT Was born in Litchfield, Conn., June 23, 1779, moved to western N. Y., when 12 years of age; came to Michigan and located his land in what is now called Sharon. From early manhood a leading mem- ber of the M. E. church, very prominent in the temperance cause, and as an anti-slavery man. His house was known as a station on the " under-ground railroad." He held many positions of honor and trust, such as member of the legislature in 1849, supervisor and justice. In politics a Whig. Died December 22, 1854. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 291 MARTIN S. GILLETT Was born at Hartford, Vermont. He had a limited education and came to Port Huron, Michigan, in 1839, engaged in lumbering and mercantile business, and built several stores and a fine residence. He was first a Whig, then a Republican. He was gifted in music, and for many years was leader of the choir in the Congregational church, of which he was a member. He was justice of the peace; for a long time chairman of the board of supervisors; postmaster under Lincoln; and in 1849 was a Representative. Died in 1865. SHADRACH GILLETT, Representative from Detroit in 1841, was born in Lyme, Conn., Jan. 22, 1801, and died February 15, 1876. He settled in Detroit in 1815, and resided there through life, except seven years in the upper peninsula. He was first a clerk, but became a leading forwarding and commission merchant. He was interested in fisheries, owned a steamer and several vessels and mills. He retired in 1858. From 1865 until his death he was a clerk in the office of the comptroller of Detroit. JOHN GILLULY, Representative from Livingston county in 1859, was born in Boston, Mass. , in 1826. He was a graduate of the law school at Ann Arbor in 1861, and went into practice at Brighton. In June, 1861, he went into the service as captain of company I, 5th Michigan infantry. »He served in many battles and was made lieutenant colonel July 18, 1862. On the 13th of December, 1862, he was killed at the battle of Freder- icksburg, while leading the regiment to a charge. He was a brave officer and his death was greatly felt by his regiment. JOSEPH GILMAN, Representative from Van Buren county in 1855, was born April 24, 1816, at Woodstock, Vt. He was a farmer, politically a Republican. He removed from the state of N^w York to Michigan in 1837, and set- tled upon a farm in Paw Paw, where he resided until his death, Sep- tember 18, 1884. 292 MICHIGAN BIOGKAPHY. ARTHUR D. GILMORE, Representative from Lenawee county in 1873-4, was born March 3, 1847, in Blissfield, Mich. He attended Adrian college from 1863 to 1866, and entered the Michigan University in 1868, graduating from the law department in 1870. He was appointed clerk of the judiciary committee of the Senate of Michigan in 1871. JOSEPH E. GIRARDIN, Representative from Wayne county in 1879, was born April 6, 1838, at Berthier, Ontario. He received a common school education, and moved to Detroit in 1856. He was engaged for many years in the mercantile line, but retired from active business on account of ill health. In politics a Democrat. JOHN M. GLAVIN, Representative from Berrien county in 1867, was born in Ireland, March 25, 1822, and is by occupation a surveyor and civil engineer, in politics a Republican. He came to America in 1850, lived in Chicago until 1854, then went to Owosso, Mich., and was engaged in the construction of the Detroit & Milwaukee railway from that place to St. Johns and Grand Rapids, until 1857, when he removed to Ber- rien county, and now resides at New Buffalo. Was county surveyor of Berrien county from 1877 to 1883; postmaster of New Buffalo from 1881 to 1885; and for nine years has been supervisor of New Buffalo. Has been a Republican since 1854. ^ DANIEL G. GLEASON, Representative from Macomb county in 1883-5, was born at Friend- ship, N. Y., September 26, 1824. He received a common school and academical education, came to Birmingham, Mich., in 1845, studied medicine, and in 1848 commenced practice at Chesterfield. Now resides at Richmond engaged in practice, and is also interested in other business pursuits. In politics a Democrat. JAMES GLEASON, Representative from Livingston county in 1858, came from Orleans county, N. Y., in 1837, and settled on a farm in the town of Hartland, and became a prosperous farmer. In religion a Catholic, politically a Democrat. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 293 JAMES L. GLENN Was a native of Pennsylvania, and [when young lived in Phila- delphia. He acquired a good education and became a civil engineer, which he followed successfully until he came west in 1834. He first located at Niles, but finally settled upon a farm on Beardsley's Prairie, Cass county. He was sheriff of Cass county from 1843 to 1844, and Representative in 1846-7, and was speaker pro tern, in 1847. He made the plan and survey of Lansing when it was selected as the capital, and had charge of the building of the old state house. He was also state engineer of the Sault canal. He died January 1, 1876. AUGUSTUS S. GLESSNER Was Representative from Branch county in 1859. Up to the time of the rebellion he had been a Democrat, but then became a Republican. He is a carpenter and joiner by trade, but for many years has been loaning money. He is distinguished for his fairness and integrity as a citizen and as a business man. JAMES J. GODFROY, Representative from Monroe county in 1835 and 1836, was born in Detroit, Mich., in 1804. He was educated at Beardstown, Ky., and studied law. When quite young married Miss Victoire, daughter of Col. Francois Navarre of Monroe, and soon after removed to Monroe. He early abandoned practice from ill health. He became a member of the firm of Indian traders, P. & J. J. Godfroy. He was very popular with the Indians and with the French, and exercised a greater influence over the French population of Monroe county than any other man. In politics a Democrat. The French confided in him and called him " Father Jaques," although he was still a young man. He died in 1847. JOSEPH GODFROY, Senator from Wayne county in 1865,was born in Cortland county, N. Y., in Sept., 1828. He was a painter, and came to Michigan in 1847, and went into business at Ann Arbor, where he remained until 1854. He was the first city marshal there. Removing to Detroit in 1854 he prosecuted a successful business until the time of his death, Jan. 7, 1875. He was an alderman, an- active member of the old fire depart- ment, and a member of the fire commission at the time of his death. Politics, democratic. 294 MICHIGAN BIOGEAPHY. PETER GODFROY, Representative from Detroit in 1843, was born in Detroit in 1797. His ancestor, James Godfroy, settled there in 1716, and was a fm- dealer, which his descendants followed for more than a century. With his brother, Jacques, was in this business during the first half of the present century. The family had trading posts from Detroit to the Mississippi. He was a Democrat and a Catholic. He owned the Peter and Jacques Godfroy farms, now occupied by fine residences. Died May 26, 1848. AUGUST GOEBEL, ' Representative from Wayne county in 1879, was born in Munster- maifeld, Rhenish Prussia, Sept. 2, 1839. He received a common school education. In 1855 he emigrated to Detroit, where he worked at book-binding seven years. In 1861 he enlisted as a private in Co. A, second Michigan infantry, and was promoted gradually to the rank of captain. After participating in many pitched battles he resigned on account of loss of hearing. Returning to Detroit he was appointed superintendent of public parks in 1870. He engaged extensively in the brewing business. In politics a Democrat. SEWELL S. GOFF, Representative from Lenawee county in 1853, was born in Royalston, Mass., January 29, 1811. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Dem- ocrat until 1854, then a Republican. He came to Michigan in 1829 and settled at Blissfield, where he was supervisor five years and jus- tice of the peace twelve years. He was a lieutenant in the Black Hawk war. Died January 23, 1865. DANIEL GOODELL, Representative from Wayne county in 1843, was born in Vermont, May 11, 1195. He settled in Ecorse at an early day, and married into a French family. He was supervisor as early as 1829 and held the oflSce of justice, and other local offices. He was a farmer, and a Democrat in politics. Died April 28, 1882. JAMES M. GOODELL, Senator from Shiawassee and Livingston counties in 1873-4, was born October 1, 1841, in Leroy. N. Y. He received a common school MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 295 education. In 1855 he came to Michigan, and settled in Corunna, where he now resides. He was admitted to the bar in 1863. He has been prosecuting attorney four years, and circuit court commissioner two years. ALONZO A. GOODMAN, Representative in 1857 from Macomb county, was born in Pittsfield, Mass., January 2d, 1813. By occupation a farmer, in pohtics, first a Whig, then a RepubUcan. He came to Detroit in 1835, and settled at Harrison, near Mt. Clemens, in 1842. Removed to Missouri in 186 5 and now lives at Kansas City. FRANCIS GOODMAN, Representative from Allegan county in 1881-2-3, was born in Hesse Darmstadt, Germany, March 3, 1827. Came to Baltimore in 1830, lived in Pennsylvania and then in Ohio, where he was educated. He settled in Salem, Allegan county, Mich., in 1855. Has been super- visor nine years, justice four years, and held other local offices. Served ten months in the 9th Michigan infantry. In politics a Republican. LOWELL GOODMAN Was born in Hadley, Mass., August 17, 1789, and died at Mt. Clemens, Michigan, March 18, 1842. He was a farmer and in politics a Whig. He came from Willoughby, Ohio, to Detroit in 1835, settled on a farm in Greenfield, and was Representative from Wayne count v in 1838. CHAUNCEY B. GOODRICH, Representative from Allegan county in 1857, was born in the state of New York in 1818. By profession a physician, in politics a Republi- can. He settled in Allegan county in 1843, and practiced medicine until a year or two prior to his death, which occurred in 1879. ENOS GOODRICH, Senator from Genesee county in 1853, was born at Clarence, N. Y. , August' 11, 1813. He settled ii; Atlas, Genesee county, in 1836. He was a Representative in 1847, and voted to remove the capital to Lansing. With his brother Reuben, he built the Goodrich flouring 296 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHT. mills, and gave life and business to that section for many years. Now resides at Fostoria, Mich, In politics a Democrat, while a legislator. JOHN S. GOODRICH Was born at Clarence, N. Y., October 7, 1815. He was an earnest student, especially excelling in mathematics, and had a limited academical education. Studied law in Buffalo, came to Michigan in 1836, and worked at civil engineering on the line of the Port Huron & Lake Michigan railroad. Finished his law studies at Pontiac and was admitted to the bar in 1840, and became a member of the firm of Hanscom & Goodrich, and a leading lawyer of Oakland county. In 1851 he was elected judge of the 7th circuit, by which he would have also been a supreme judge, but died October 15, 1851, at Detroit. JOHN V. GOODRICH, Representative from Ottawa county in 1887, was born in Pompey, N. Y., Oct. 10, 1839, and settled in Michigan in 1861. At first a mechanic, now a lawyer. Served in the 4th Michigan infantry dur- ing the war, and has been president of the village of Coopersville. As a Republican received 1,964 votes to 1,494 for opposing candidate. LEVI N. GOODRICH Was born in Fairhaven, Vt., Sept. 9, 1820. He received a common school education. He removed to Concord, Jackson county, in 1844. He held several local offices and was Representative in 1869-70-3-4. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Republican. REUBEN GOODRICH, Senator from Genesee county in 1855, and Representative in 1857, was born in Clarence, N. Y., June 28, 1819, and settled in Atlas, Mich. , in 1836. He engaged in milling and mercantile business for many years, was twelve years postmaster at Goodrich, and held other offices. He removed to Traverse City and was receiver of the gov- ernment land office there for eight years. Has been trustee of Trav- erse City, and held other positions. In politics a Republican. MICHIGA.N BIOGRAPHY. 297 DANIEL GOODWIN, President of the constitutional convention of 1850, was born in Geneva, N. Y., November 24, 1799, and died at Detroit, Aug. 24, 1887. He was the son of Dr. Daniel Goodwin and was the seventh in descent from Ozias Goodwin, who settled at Hartford, Conn., in 1635. His mother, Lucretia Collins, was granddaughter of Timothy Collins, the first pastor of Litchfield, Conn. He graduated at Union college in 1819, and was a classmate of Wm. H. Seward and of Bishops Doane and Potter. He took one of the honors of the class, and studied law with John C. Spencer, at Canandaigua, N. Y. After practicing a short time at Geneva, N. Y., he removed to Indiana, where he was stricken with consumption, and entirely lost the use of one lung. On account of the death of his father at Detroit in 1825, he removed to that city, entered into practice, and acquired so high a standing as a lawyer that he was endorsed by the Michigan bar for United States district judge when the state was admitted to the union. This was declined on account of small salary, but he accepted the position of district attorney and held it several years. In 1843 he was judge of the Supreme Court of Michigan, which he resigned in 1846. In 1851 he was judge of the circuit comprisiag the upper peninsula, and held it until 1881, residintr at Detroit and practicing law in court vacations, also officiating at times in other circuits, and in the recorder's court of Detroit. In two elections he was the only Democrat holding a state office. Twice he lacked bnt one or two votes of being elected United States Senator. He was a model judge and lived a spotless life. He was a delegate in the constitutional convention of 1867 and of the second convention of assent in 1836. JUSTIN GOODWIN Was a native of Lenox, Mass., afterwards a resident of Oneida county, New York. He graduated at Hamilton college in 1821, read law and entered into practice. In 1831 he emigrated to Ann Arbor, where he remained two years. In 1833 he purchased 568 acres of land in what is now Union township, Branch county, the purchase including the present site of Union City, and was the first settler there. He was the first postmaster at Union City, then called Good- winsville, and somewhere about 1852 to '54 was agent of the state prison at Jackson. He was a delegate from Calhoun county to the second convention of assent at Ann Arbor in 1836, and was a Repre" sentative in 1839. He was the first supervisor of Burlington, Calhoun county, and served eight years; also eight years justice. Aftor 298 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. leaving his position as agent of the prison he removed to Cold- water, entered into the practice of the law and afterwards removed to Texas, where he died. In politics a Democrat. WILLIAM F. GOODWIN, Senator from Jackson county in 1881-2, was born in Canandaigua, N. Y., March 25, 1812. In 1816 he removed with his parents to Monroe county, N. Y., where he lived on a farm and received a common school education. He came to Michigan in 1842, and settled at Con- cord in 1845, where he has since resided, being engaged in milling, mercantile business and farming. He has been postmaster, super- visor two terms. Representative in 1857-9; and a member of the con- stitutional convention of 1867. HENRY A. GOODYEAR Was born in York county. Pa., June 30, 1818, and became a citizen of Michigan in 1838. He received a common school education and has been a merchant at Hastings for more than forty years. He was a Representative from Barry county in 1847 and 1875, and State Senator in 1855. Has also been president and mayor of Hastings and filled other positions of trust. In politics a Democrat. HENRY GORDON, Representative from Wayne county in 1873-4, was born in Geneseo, 111., March 15, 1837. He received a common school education. In 1856 he removed to Michigan and settled in Detroit. In 1861 he enlisted in the 1st Michigan infantry and participated in the first battle of Bull Run. He returned to Detroit, was mustered out of service, and soon after removed to Flat Rock, Wayne county. His occupation is that of a teacher of vocal music. JAMES WRIGHT GORDON Was born at Plaihfield, Conn., in 1809. His father was a noted poli- tician and gentleman of culture, and gave his son every educational advantage. He graduated at Harvard college, and for a time was professor at Geneva, N. Y. , where his father had removed. While there he studied law and was admitted to the Supreme Court of New York. In 1835 he settled as a lawyer at Marshall, Calhoun county. In 1839, as a Whig, he was elected to the Senate, and in 1840 became MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 299 the second lieutenant governor, running on the Whig ticket. On the election of Gov. William Woodbridge to the United States Senate, he became acting governor. He was also a candidate for the U. S. Sen- ate, and was the Whig caucus nominee against Gov. Woodbridge. The contest of the two state officers created great excitement. Mr. Gordon accepted a consulship to South America under Gen. Taylor, hoping to restore failing health by a change of climate, but died at his official post in 1849. He was a man of great natural ability and force of character, and acquired distinction as a lawyer, public speaker and politician. CHARLES T. GORHAM Was born in Danbury, Conn., May 29, 1812. He prepared for college but became a clerk. He settled in Marshall, Mich., in 1836, and was a merchant until 1840, was then a private banker until 1865, since president of a national bank. He is the oldest Michigan banker out- side of Detroit. He was Senator in 1859; has been major general of state militia; was minister to the Hague from 1870 to 1875; assistant secretary of the interior, 1875-7; delegate to national republican con- ventions several times, and has declined several high positions. A Democrat until 184S, a Whig until 1854, since a Republican. JAMES S. GORMAN, Senator from Washtenaw and Monroe counties in 1887, was born at Lyndon, Washtenaw county, on the farm on which he now resides, December 28, 1850, and has been a resident of Michigan all his life. He was educated in the union school of Chelsea, graduated from the law department of the University in 1876, and immediately began the practice of law in the city of Jackson with James A. Parkinson. Was assistant prosecuting attorney for two years under Mr. Parkin- son. He removed to Dexter in the fall of 1879. In the spring of 1880 lie was elected justice of the peace, and in the fall was elected to the House of Representatives by his fellow Democrats. In the House of 1881-2 he rose to the front rank of his colleagues as an orator and debater, and was recognized as one of its leaders. He now manages his own large farm of 280 acres. In 1886 he was elected on the dem- ocratic ticket to the State Senate by a vote of 7,745 to 6,215 for Andrew Campbell, Republican, and 1,048 for C. R. Pattison, Prohi- bitionist. 300 MICHIGAN" BIOGEAPHY. AMOS GOULD Was born in Aurelius, N. Y., December 3, 1808. He received a fair education and for a time was a student in Hamilton college. On the temporary suspension of that institution he engaged in teaching at Auburn, N. Y., at the same time entering the office of William H. Seward as a student. He was admitted to the bar in 1832, practiced law with ability in western New York for several years, and came to Owosso, Michigan, in 1843, where he practiced his profession until 1865. In 1844 he was elected probate judge of Shiawassee county. He was also prosecuting attorney of the county, and supervisor of Owosso from 1844 to 1850. In 1853 he was Senator. In 1855 he was the democratic candidate for attorney general but was defeated. After the rebellion he was a Republican. In 1865 he organized the first national bank of Owosso, and was its president, owning a major- ity of the stock. He also managed a farm of twelve hundred acres. He was engaged in extensive land and lumber speculations and was a wealthy man. He died many years since. JAMES GOULD, Representative from Jackson county in 1879, was born in DePeyster, N. Y., Nov. 24, 1831. In 1836 he removed to Moscow, Michigan. In 1850 he removed to Jonesville. He received a common school edu- cation. In 1854 he commenced the study of law. He removed to Litchfield and from thence to Jackson in 1861, where he entered into the real estate, insurance and loan business. In 1870 he was admitted to the bar. He has been prosecuting attorney, school inspector and alderman. In politics a Republican. JAMES J. GOULD, Representative from Eaton county in 1877, was born in Hector, N. Y., September 1, 1823. He received a common school education. In 1854 he removed to Michigan and settled in Reading, where he held the office of township treasurer. In 1866 he removed to Kalamo, where he is engaged in farming and has held the office of justice. In politics a Republican. CORNELIUS A. GOWER Was born at Abbott, Maine, in 1845. He entered Waterville college in 1863, but coming to Michigan before graduation, he entered the MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 301 senior class of the University in 1867. Graduating from the classical course in that year, he entered the law department in 1868. His tastes, however, inclined him to the profession of teacher, and he taught four seasons in Maine and one year in Ann Arbor; he was superintendent of schools at Fenton three years; was county superin- tendent of schools in Genesee county three and a half years; was superintendent of schools in Saginaw City four years; and was presi- dent of the Michigan City school superintendents' association in 1878. He was appointed superintendent of public instruction, September 1, 1878, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Hon. H. S. Tar- bell. He was also nominated to fill the vacancy on the republican state ticket for that ofl&ce, caused by Mr. Tarbell's declination. He was elected, with the rest of the republican ticket, and was re-elected in 1880. He was appointed superintendent of the reform school by Gov. Jerome, and resigned the office he held. He is still in charge of the reform school, and has a state and national reputation as an able and efficient superintendent. BENJAMIN GRACE Was born in Lyons, N. Y., November 19, 1820. By occupation a merchant, in politics a Democrat. He came to Michigan in 1831, settled at Livonia, moved to Fenton ville in 1851, and now resides at Deerfield, Livingston county. He was Representative from Genesee county in 1859. JAMES GRAHAM Was born in Stoyestown, Pa., March 5^ 1831. He removed with his parents to Berrien Springs, Mich., in 1846. He received a common school education and for a time was a student at Albion seminary. In private business he was a lumber dealer, merchant and farmer. He was deputy sheriff of Berrien county, and was sheriff for two years. In 1865 he was Representative. He was also deputy revenue collector, and filled other minor offices. In politics a Republican. Died June 5, 1877. JONATHAN B. GRAHAM, Representative from Hillsdale county in 1846, was born at Windsor, Conn., February 26, 1811. He was bred to farming, received a com- mon school education, and at twenty-one became a traveling agent. He employed other agents and speculated in horses and cattle. He settled at Jonesville in 1837, became a farmer and dealt in live stock. 29 302 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. He was a delegate in the constitutional convention of 1850, and held prominent local offices. Politically a Democrat. BRADLEY F. GRANGER Was born in the state of New York; received a public school educa- tion; removed to Ann Arbor and engaged in the practice of law; was elected Representative to congress in 1860 and served from July 4, 1861, to March 3, 1863. Deceased. ELIHU GRANGER, Representative in 1848 from St. Clair county, was born in Phelps, N. Y., September 17, 1803. In early life he worked at wool carding and cloth dressing. In 1832 he married Maria L. Perkins, in 1834 removed to Cuyahoga county, Ohio, worked at his trade until 1836, when he settled on a farm in Columbus, Michigan, which he exchanged for a farm in Berlin in 1839, where he died December 8, 1886. In politics a Democrat. He was the first clerk of Berlin, and was several times supervisor. GEORGE H. GRANGER, Representative from Tuscola county in 1879-81-2, was born in Way- land, N. Y. He received his education at the Dansville seminary, and the Genesee, Wesleyan, seminary at Livonia, N.Y. At Way land he studied medicine, graduating in the Michigan University in 1867. He was an assistant surgeon of a New York regiment in the war of the rebellion. He located at Union ville, Mich., in 1865, where he continues to reside. He is a Republican in politics. ALEXANDER GRANT, Representative from Macomb county in 1881-2 3, was bom at Ypsi- lanti, Mich., March 24, 1838. In 1849 he removed with his parents to Livonia, N. Y. , where he received a common school education. In 1855 he returned to Michigan, working in a store, and teaching school at Birmingham, removing to Utica in 1858, where he has since resided. He has held the office of postmaster at Utica; justice of the peace; trustee of the village of Utica; member of the school board, and oi the Macomb county republican committee. In politics a Republican. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 303 CLAUDIUS B. GRANT, of Houghton, was born at Lebanon, Maine, October 25, 1835. Pre- pared for college at Lebanon, and in 1855, entered the University of Michigan, graduating in the classical course in 1859. Teacher in the Ann Arbor high school one year and principal two years. In the summer of 1862 he volunteered his services to his country, and entered the U. S. service as captain of company D, 20th Michigan infantry. Major November 21, 1863. Lieutenant colonel December 30, 1864, and on the same day received a commission as colonel, but did not muster for want of the required number of men in his regi- ment. Resigned as lieutenant colonel March 11, 1865, returned to Ann Arbor and at once commenced the study of law in the law department of the University of Michigan. Admitted to the bar in June, 1866, and began practice in Ann Arbor with Hon. Alpheus Felch. Elected recorder of Ann Arbor in 1866. Appointed post- master in 1867. In the fall of 1870 he was elected Representative to the state legislature, and was re-elected in 1872, and in 1873 was chosen speaker pro tempore of the House of Representatives. Elected regent of the Uni verity in 1871. In 1872 appointed by President Grant alternate commissioner for the state of Michigan under the law authorizing the centennial commission. In 1873 removed to Hough- ton, and since that time has been engaged in the practice of law. Elected prosecuting attorney of Houghton county in 1876. Mr. Grant was elected judge of the twenty -fifth judicial circuit in April, 1881, but still continues the practice of law with his other duties. He is a Republican in politics. He was re-elected in 1887. ROBERT J. GRANT, Representative from Barry county in 1869-70-1-2, was born at Balls - ton, N. Y., Feb. 17, 1822. He came to Michigan with his parents in 1836, living at Marshall one year, and settling at Bellevue in 1837. He removed to Hastings in 1849 and became a merchant. Treasurer of Hastings eight years, mayor three terms, and member of the board of education nine years. In religion a. Methodist, in politics a Republi- BENJAMIN F. GRAVES Was born at Rochester, N. Y., October 18, 1817, of New England par- ents. He worked on his father's farm when a boy, but at the age of twenty was disabled by dangerous illness from physical labor. Hav- 304 MTCHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. ing commenced the study of law in 1837, he was admitted to the bar at Rochester in October, 1841. During the following winter he was journal clerk of the New York Senate. In 1843 he went to Battle Greek, where he now lives, and practiced law there until 1857, being meanwhile made a master in chancery, and three times elected mag- istrate. In 1857 he was appointed judge of the fifch circuit to fill a vacancy, and was therefore for a short time a member of the Supreme Court under the old system. When his term expired under his appointment he continued in the circuit judgeship by regular election. He held sixteen circuits a year, kept full and accurate minutes, in his own hand, of the work of his court, wrote out his charges, and held evening sessions, until, in 1866, he was threatened with an attack of paralysis. He then resigned. In 1867, however, he was elected to the present Supreme Court, over Sanford M. Green (Dem.) who had been a member of the court under the old system. He was re-elected in 1875 as the candidate of both political parties, and received their joint vote. He was originally a Democrat, was a Free Soiler in 1848' and at the repeal of the Missouri compromise and the attempt to force slavery into the territories, he became a Republican. He refused to be a candidate for judge in 1884, and now resides at Battle Creek, universally respected by the citizens of Michigan. WILLIAM GRAVES, Secretary of State from 1853 to 1855, was born at Southampton, N. H., July 19, 1809. He became a resident of Michigan in 1835, and for many years was agent of the great stage line from Albany to Chicago, residing at Niles. He was commissioned major by Gov. Mason in 1836. He was twice mayor of Niles and four times its treasurer. He held the last office at the time of his death, April 26, 1881. In politics a Democrat. He was a prominent Mason, often master of the lodge at Niles, and was several years deputy grand master. A gentleman of the old school, courteous, of fine sensibilities, wise in counsel, and unfaltering in friendship. EDGAR L. GRAY Was born in Troy, N. Y., October 10, 1832. He received an academ- ical education. In 1839 he emigrated to Michigan and settled on Goguac prairie, Calhoun county. He removed to Grand Rapids in 1844, and in 1854 to Newaygo, where he now resides. He was admitted to the bar in 1854, and is still in the practice of law. He MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 305 has been prosecuting attorney and county treasurer, and was Repre- sentative in 1871-2, and Senator in 1873-4-5. He especially distin- guished himself by securing the taxation of lands, belonging to rail- roads holding grants of land by act of congress, which had long been held without taxation. This just act was carried against a bitter and determined opposition. In politics a Republican. JAMES S. GRAY, Representative from Oakland county in 1883, was born in Troy, Oak- land county, December 3, 1851. Received a common school educa- tion, and has been engaged in farming and teaching in the primary schools of his county. Is a Democrat, but was supported by the nationals of his district, and was elected by a majority of about 360 over Hon. Charles Baldwin, Republican. NEIL GRAY Was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, January 2, 1803. He worked on his father's farm until eighteen, when he entered Glasgow college, where he studied five years, two of them for the ministry. He abandoned this idea, and studied medicine three years, graduating in 1830 from Glasgow medical college. In 1831 he came to America, and in 1837 he married Mrs. Maria Webster, and settled on two hundred acres of land in Bruce township, near Romeo. After marriage he gave up the practice of medicine and went into the milling business, buying and operating a flouring mill near Romeo. In 1851, in company with his brother, he built a flouring mill at Clifton, Macomb county. He was one of the founders of the first national bank of Romeo, of which he was president until his death. He was a Scotch Presbyterian. In 1843 and 1844 he was Senator. In politics a Republican. He died December 14, 1868, having accumulated a large fortune, and leaving four sons, all engaged in milling. ALBERTUS L. GREEN, Representative from Eaton county in 1861-2-5-70, and Senator in 1867, was born in 1824, in Herkimer county, N. Y., and was educated at Lima seminary and Oberlin college. In 1840 he came to Olivet, Mich., with the colony that founded Olivet college, and was one of its first students. He was for many years a merchant, was also engaged in milling, manufacturing, and building of railroads. He 306 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. was a tmstee of Olivet college, also a justice and supervisor. In politics a Republican, in religion ^a Congregationalist. A man of ability, energy and charity. Died October 21, 1875. EDWARD H. GREEN, Representative from Mackinac, Emmet, Charlevoix, Antrim and Otsego counties in 1873-4-5, was born in Reamstown, Pa., October 31, 1834. He was educated at the state normal school at Lancaster, Pa. In 1866 he removed to Michigan, entered the law department of the State University, graduating in the class of '68. He entered the tenth Pennsylvania regiment of infantry in April, 1861, as private, and served three months. He immediately re-enlisted at the expira- tion of that time in the one hundred and seventh Pennsylvania infantry as private, and, for gallant and meritorious service, was pro- moted to major. At the battle of Spottsylvania court house, he was captured and held prisoner for ten months. He long held the office of prosecuting attorney of Charlevoix county. ISAAC GREEN, Representative from Sanilac county in 1875, was born in England, April 5, 1824. He was educated at Quaker seminary, Prospect Hill, Ireland. He removed to Michigan in 1852. By occupation a mer- chant. He has been postmaster eighteen years and supervisor ten years, treasurer four years, and township clerk four years. In poli- tics a Republican. JAMES A. GREEN, Representative from Bay county in 1887, was born at Fort Edwards, N. Y., Jan. 4, 1836. Received a fair education, was in California three years, two years in Virginia, building and repairing saw mills, and in the same business in Minnesota, where he also engaged in reading law. He served in the 3d Minnesota regiment a year, was discharged from ill health, removed to Iowa, and was admitted to the bar. In 1864 again enlisted, in the 8th Iowa, and served until the close of the war. Soon after came to Michigan and is now a mem- ber of the firm of Green & Stevens. Has been a supervisor and mem- ber of the board of education. In politics a Republican, and received 2,7C6 votes to 2,019 for all others. MICHIGAl^ BIOGEAPHY. 307 NELSON GREEN, Representative from Lenawee county in 1853, Senator from Muskegon county in 1861-2, and from Oceana county in 1863-4, was born in Wayne county, N. Y., May 29, 1803. He was married in 1826, and lived in Otto, N. Y., from 1826 to 1847, when he settled in RoUin, Lenawee county. He was a member of New York legislature of 1838. Was a member of the Michigan constitutional convention of 1850. By occupation a farmer and surveyor, politically first Whig, then Republican. He removed to Oceana county in 1856, was for many years county surveyor and did a large amount of surveying in Oceana and Muskegon counties. Was judge of probate for Oceana county. He removed to Addison, Lenawee county, in 1879, where he now resides. NOAH K. GREEN Was born in Windsor, Mass., December 24, 1808. He received a com- mon school education, was brought up a farmer, and taught school. He settled on a farm in Medina, Lenawee county in 1835, where he lived until his death in 1886. He aided in organizing the town in 1837; was supervisor for ten years, and Representative in 1850, 1861- 2-3-4. In politics a Republican. ORSON GREEN Was born in Palmyra (now Macedon), N. Y., March 5, 1812. His father was a captain in the war of 1812. The son received a limited education. In 1883 he traveled afoot to Adrian, Michigan. In 1834 he located a farm in Rollin. He was a justice in 1837 and held that office for eighteen years. He was supervisor for twelve years, and Representative in 1859, 1871 and 1872. SANFORD M. GREEN Was born in Grafton, N. Y., May 30, 1807, his ancestors settling in U. I., in 1673. He received a fair education, became a teacher, an3 worked alternately at farming and teaching until 1828. Studied law five years, was admitted, commenced practice first at Brown ville, then at Rochester, N. Y., but in 1837 settled at Owosso, Mich., in practice. He was prosecuting attorney of Shiawassee county; Sena- tor in 1843-4-6-7, and chairman o^ judiciary committee. By appDint- ment he made a revision of the laws of the state, known as the revised statutes of 1846. In 1848 he was appointed a judge of the Supreme 308 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. Court and assigned to the 4th circuit, to succeed Judge Whipple, and then to the 3d, in place of Ransom. He held that position until 1858, when the present Supreme Court was organized. He continued to act as circuit judge until 1867, when he resigned, removed to Bay City and engaged in practice. In 1872 he became judge of the 18th cir- cuit which he held until the close of 1887. In 1860 he published his well known work, "Practice in the Circuit Courts;" in 1866-7 his work in two volumes on practice in the courts of common law juris- diction; and in 1879 his work on "Township and the Powers and Duties of Township Officers," of which the state ordered 10,000 copies in 1882. Now engaged in writing a dissertation on the nature, causes, treatment and prevention of crime. DANIEL C. GREENE, Representative from Macomb county in 1879, was born in Berlin, N. Y., June 8, 1821. He graduated at Williams college in 1843. For a time was a teacher in the South, but from 1846, for many years, was book-keeper in a wholesale commission house in New York city. He removed to Romeo, Mich., in 1866, and engaged in the hardware trade. In politics a Democrat. ALSON GREENFIELD, Representative from Tuscola county in 1867, was born in Ohio, and became a resident of Michigan about 1855. He held the offices of supervisor and county treasurer. Now resides at Unionville, Tuscola county. Has been a Republican, now a Greenbacker and Democrat. JOHN GREENFIELD, Representative from Ontonagon county in 1859, was born in Ren- frewshire, Scotland, March 10, 1810. By occupation an engineer, politically a Democrat. He came to Michigan in 1832, was deputy sheriff of Wayne county in 1836; collector of customs at Ontonagon in 1858; and sheriff of Ontonagon county in 1860. Died March 6, 1861. WILLIAM L. GREENLY, Son of Thomas and Nancy Greenly, was born at Hamilton, N. Y., September 18, 1813. He attended school at the Hamilton academy. MICHIGAN^ BIOGRAPHY. 309 entered Union college and graduated in 1831, at the age of eighteen. He studied law with Stoner & Gridley, at Hamilton, where he remained three years. He was admitted to the bar at Albany in 1833, and practiced law at Eaton, Madison county, until October, 1836. He came to Adrian, Michigan, October 20, 1836, and com- menced the practice of law. The next year he was a candidate for the legislature but was defeated. He was State Senator in 1839, 1840, 1842 and 1843, and was president pro tern, in 1840 and 1842. His district comprised Monroe, Lenawee and Hillsdale counties. In 1846 he was nominated by the democratic state convention for lieutenant governor, Alpheus Felch heading the ticket for governor, and was elected. He served as lieutenant governor until March 1, 1847, two months, when by the election of Governor Felch to the office of United States Senator, he became ex-offlcio governor, and filled that position until January 1, 1848. During his administration the bill was passed removing the capital from Detroit to Lansing, and the bill abolishing the court of chancery, and the office of chancellor, and transferring its duties to the Supreme Court. Gov. Greenly was mayor of Adrian in 1858, and was justice of the peace twelve years. He took part in the dedication of the new capitol at Lansing in 1879. He was a scholarly, cultivated and genial man. He died at Adrian some years ago. CHARLES GREGORY, Representative from Hillsdale county in 1851, was born in Danbury, Conn., Aug. 12, 1810. He came to Jonesville in 1834 with a stock of general merchandise, and continued in business several years. In politics a Democrat. Was justice for eight years, and postmaster at Jonesville during the term of Buchanan, and held various offices. He removed to Chicago in 1863. Died July 23, 1879. CHARLES S. GREGORY Was born near Auburn, N. Y., Aug. 16, 1817. He came with his par- ents to Washtenaw county in 1834, and settled on a farm in Scio. His occupation was farming until 1840, when he became a merchant for fifteen years. He has been a banker for many years, and has secured a competency. He was always a Democrat, and was Repre- sentative in 1861-2 and 1883. He has held nearly all town offices from supervisor down, and for 21 years was a trustee of Dexter union schools. He was president of the village for five years, and president 30 310 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. of the Washtenaw county agricultural and horticultural society for four years. He resides at Dexter. JOHN M. GREGOIIY Was born in Sand Lake, N. Y., July 6, 1822. With a common school education at seventeen he became a teacher. In 1842 he entered union college and graduated in 1846. He studied law two years, but finally became a Baptist minister. In 1852 he became the head of a classical school in Detroit. He became conspicuous in the cause of education, and in 1854 established the Michigan Journal of Education, of which he was sole editor for five years. In 1858 he was elected superintendent of public instruction, and was twice re-elected, hold- ing that position from January 1, 1859, to January 1, 1865. He then became president of Kalamazoo college for two years, and then regent of the Illinois industrial university, which he held many years. He was appointed one of the three civil service commissioners and held it until 1885. He has been a distinguished educator, and was an earnest worker, a man of broad views, of trained thought, and a care- ful, successful officer in all educational positions. WILLIAM H. GREGORY, Representative from Wayne county in 1853-5-7, and speaker pro tern, in 1857, was born at Perrinton, N. Y., June 8, 1824, and came to Plymouth, Mich., in 1830. With a common school education he became a teacher, and was ordained a Baptist minister. He was for a time associated editor of the Michigan Christian Herald, and was also pastor of the Baptist church at Northville. A fluent speaker, ready debater, and strong anti-slavery and temperance man. In poli- tics a Republican. Died Nov. 2, 1858. WILLIAM S. GREGORY, Representative from Wayne county 'in 1840, was born in Fairfield county. Conn., Feb. 9, 1790, and removed to Plymouth, Mich., in 1830. He was a farmer, and is presumed to have been a Whig in politics from the political revolution of 1839-40, when he was chosen to the legislature. He was also one of the superintendents of the poor for Wayne county, 1841-43. Died Feb. 6, 1863. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 311 MICHAEL GREINER, I Senator from Wayne county in 1875-6, '85, was born in Alsace, France, Nov. 1, 1830, and in 1831 came with his parents to Grosse Point, Mich., where he has resided, except three years at Eagle River. He was postmaster fourteen years at Connor's Creek, justice for eight, and has held other public positions. By occupation a farmer and merchant, in politics a Democrat. JUDSON GRENELL, Representative of the first district of Wayne in 1887, was born in Elmira, N. Y., April 21, 1847. He resided in Honesdale, Pa., Patter- son, N. J., and Port Jervis, N. Y., and at the latter place entered a printing office to learn the printer's trade. Before attaining his majority he removed to New York city, thence in 1868 to New Haven, Conn., where, while working at his trade, he continued his education by attending the Yale college scientific lectures. Here in 1874 he married, and in 1877 he removed with his family to Detroit, where he has since resided. In the spring of 1884 he left the printer's case to accept a position on the staff of the Detroit Evening News. He resigned a year later to accept the office of deputy state oil inspector. During all these years he was a close student of what is known as ** The Labor Question." He became identified with the Union, the Knights of Labor, and similar organizations and held prominent positions in all. He was also a constant writer for the labor press in this and other states, his subjects embracing the entire range of labor questions. He was nominated by the independent labor party, endorsed by the republicans, and elected Representative by a vote of 12,841. JOHN GREUSEL, Representative from Wayne county in 1871-2-8-4, and Senator in 1875, '81-2-8, was born at Bliescastel, Bavaria, Dec. 4, 1809, and with a com- mon school education learned the trade of a shoemaker. He held a position as forester for two years, and came to America in 1833. He lived at Brooklyn, Newburgh, Haverstraw, Glasgow, N. Y., and worked at brick making, and was foreman of large brick yards. He married an American lady, and in 1848 removed to Detroit and estab- lished a large brick yard in Springwells, in which he continued until his death in Nov., 1886. He held several local offices, was a delegate to the republican national convention in 1872, and several terms a member of the Detroit board of estimates. 312 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. G. THOMPSON GRIDLEY Was born in Vernon, N. Y., June 1, 1816. He received an academic education and began early the study of law. Settled at Ypsilanti, Mich., in 1837, and was admitted to the bar. He removed to Jackson in 1844, where he still resides. Has been engaged in the practice of law until 18:^1, when he was elected judge of the 4th circuit and served until the close of 1887. He has been prosecuting attorney; Injunction master and county judge; assessor of internal revenue from 1867 to 1873; and a school director twelve years." In politics a Republican. THEOPHILUS C. GRIER Was born at Ravenna, Ohio, Jan. 2, 1834, and was a descendant of Rev. John Cotton of Pilgrim fame. At fifteen he was apprenticed to learn the printer's trade. Studied law in Ohio, commenced practice at Pine Run, Mich., removed to Bay City in 1859, where he secured a lucrative practice. In 1860 he was prosecuting attorney and circuit court commissioner of Bay county; in 1865 city attorney; and in 1867 a Representative in the legislature. In 1870, without opposition, he was elected judge of the 18th circuit. Died June 5, 1872. In poli- tics a Democrat. CLINTON G. GRIFFEY, Representative from Marquette county in 1879, was born in Erie county, Pa.. Sept. 2, 1845, and received an academic education; removed to Negaunee, Mich. , in 1873, where he became editor and publisher of the Iron Herald. He has held the office of supervisor. In politics a Republican. THOMPSON GRIMES, Representative from Livingston county in 1879, was born in Courtland county, N. Y., Nov. 10, 1825. He received a common school educa- tion and removed to Michigan in 1846, locating in Pinckney, where he engaged in carriage making, afterwards in mercantile business, and finally in general collecting and farming. He has held the office of township clerk and justice. In politics a Republican. JOHN GRINNELL, Representative from St. Clair county in 1863-4, was born in Killings- worth, Conn., in August, 1809. He removed to Putnam, N. Y., in MICHIGAK BIOGRAPHY. 313 1819, remaining there until 1837, when he came to Riley, Mich., and settled on a farm, and was justice in 1841, and also in 1845. He re- moved to Brockway, Michigan, in 1847, and engaged in farming and lumbering. Several times held the office of supervisor, was justice 22 years and postmaster 8 years. Now retired from business. Politi- cally a Republican. AUGUSTUS D. GRISWOLD, Representative from Kent county in 1863-4-5, was born in Oneida county, N. Y., October 11, 1823. By profession a lawyer, in politics a Republican. He came from Rome, N. Y., to Michigan in 1856. He was U. S. district attorney for western Michigan from 1865 to 1869, except six months, when he was removed by Johnson and re-appointed by him. He was speaker pro tern, in 1865, and chairman of the judiciary committee. Now engaged in the practice of law at Ovid, Michigan. GEORGE R. GRISWOLD, Senator from Detroit in 1848-9 and '53, was born in the state of New York. By profession a lawyer. He settled in Detroit at an early day, and was clerk of the first Michigan House in 1835. In 1839 he was owner and publisher of the Detroit Morning Post, a daily paper. He was register of deeds 1837-41, and clerk of Wayne county, 1843-7. He was president pro tern, of the Senate in 1853. He was appointed a purser in the navy September 16, 1^53, and died on board the U. S. brig, Dolphin, at sea off the African coast, April 5, 1857. HARRISON W. GRISWOLD, Representative in 1853, from Berrien county, came to Michigan about 1835, and was a grocer at Niles. In politics a Democrat. Died in 1885. CHARLES C. GROESBECK Was born in Warren, Mich., November 3, 1833. His father was a farmer. The son attended the public schools of Detroit. He was supervisor of Warren several years; Representative in 1863-4; county clerk from 1871 to 1879; and justice for more than twenty years. He moved to Mt. Clemens in 1871, owns two farms in Warren, deals in real estate and has been a manufacturer of lumber and staves. In politics a Democrat. 314 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. EBENEZER O. GROSVENOB. Lieutenant Governor 1865-7, and state treasurer 1867-71, was born at Stillwater, N. Y., January 26, 1820. He received a common school and academical education, and from fifteen to seventeen was clerk in Chittenango, N. Y. , and from 1837 to 1839 was a clerk for his brother at Albion, Mich. He was in 1839-40 a clerk in the state commis- sioner's office at Monroe, and from 1840-44 a clerk at Jonesville. Jn 1844 he married Sally Ann Champlin, and became a merchant at Jonesville. In 1854 he established the banking house of Grosvenor & Co. , of which he has always been president and manager. He has held all important town offices; was Senator in 1859 and 1863-4; president of the military contract board in 1861, and afterwards president of the state military board; member and president of the board of state building commissioners from 1871 to 1879; long vice_ president of the Jackson & Fort Wayne railroad company, and was effective in completing the road; and a director in insurance com- panies and other corporations. A Whig until 1854, since a Republi- can. A regent of the University from 1879 to 1888. IRA R. GROSVENOR Is by profession a lawyer, and has long been a resident of Monroe, and engaged in practice there. He was a Representative in 1871-2. He went into the service during the late war, was made colonel of the 7th Michigan infantry June 10, 1861, and served in the field until July 7, 1862, when he resigned. JOHN GROVES Was a native of Maine. He removed to Buchanan from New Albany, Indiana, in 1844, and was the first attorney in that village, commenc- ing practice in 1848. He was a Representative in 1845 and 1846. He died in 1852. ISAAC J. GROVIER, Representative from Macomb county in 1839, was born in Ballston, N. Y., February 15, 1797. A manufacturer of glass by occupation, politically a Democrat. He came to Michigan in 1835, and in com- pany with Dr. E. Hall organized the Clinton glass works company at Mt. Clemens, and erected a large glass factory, ashery, blacksmith shop, lime kiln and store, all of which they operated until failing health compelled him to stop. He died July 26, 1850. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 315 NICHOLAS GULICK Was born in Orion, N. Y., May 13, 1818. He received a common school education and taught five winters. In 1842 he settled in Byron, Shiawassee county, Michigan. In 1846 he became a merchant there, held various town oifices, and served as Representative in the session of 1853. He was eight years postmaster at Byron. In politics a Democrat. ALFRED GULLEY, Representative from Wayne county in 1857, was a native of Rhode Island, born in 1793. He resided subsequently in Vermont and New York, and came to Michigan in 1835, settling at Dearborn, where he first engaged in keeping a public house, and afterwards bought a farm west of the village, where he died in 1862. Politics, demo- cratic. ALFRED B. GULLEY, Representative from Wayne county in 1851, was born at Potsdam, N. Y., December 22, 1819. His education was academic. He was reared a farmer in his father's family, which he accompanied to Michigan in 1835. He has ever since resided in Dearborn, except from 1875 to 1878, when he was connected with the state agricultural college at Lansing, as prof essor and superintendent of the farm. He has had business connections at various times in Detroit. He was a Democrat up to 1856, since a Republican. FREEMAN O. GULLIFER, Senator from Alpena and eleven other counties, 29th district, in 1883, was horn in Oldtown,* Me., April 7, 1847. He received a common school education, served in 20th Maine infantry from August, 1864, to close of the war, and came to Bay City in 1867, and soon engaged in lumbering. He was supervisor, and held other offices. Later was chief clerk in the office of the commissioner of labor. In politics a Republican. JAMES GUNNING, Representative from Wayne county in 1842, was born in New York, December 22, 1801. He was self educated, worked in a glass factory as a boy, and later for three years had charge of a gang of men in 316 MICHIGAI^ BIOGRAPHY. the building of the Erie canal. Settled in Southfield, Mich., in 1825, removed to a farm in Livonia in 1831, and lived there until his death, April 14, 1874. He was postmaster, justice twelve years, deputy sheriff, and coroner, and was also a merchant, attorney and Metho- dist minister. In politics a Democrat. BERNARD HAACK, Representative from Saginaw county in 1871-2, was born in Wesel, Rhenish Prussia, emigrated to this country in 1849, and settled in Michigan in 1850. Occupation, farmer; politics, republican. Has been supervisor of Blumfield, Saginaw county, for thirty years, first term in 1856; and justice since 1860. WALTER HACKETT, Representative from Monroe county in 1881-2, was born in Ida, Mich., July 5, 1845. His parents removed to Raisinville, Monroe county, in April, 1850, where he has since resided. He received a common school education, and has held the office of township treasurer six years. His occupation is farming. In politics a Democrat. FRANCIS H. HAGAMAN, Representative from Lenawee county in 1843, settled as a farmer in Medina, Mich., about 1834. He came from the state of New York. In politics a Democrat. Died at Medina about 1845. SALMON L. HAIGHT Was born in Leyden, N. Y., Feb. 22, 1805. In 1813 removed to Steu- ben county, N. Y. At the age of thirteen was'lef t a penniless orphan. Married in 1826 and removed to Saline, Michigan, in 1833, and became a farmer. Held various local offices. In politics a Whig. He was a Representative in 1849-53. ROBERT A. HAIRE, Representative from Ottawa county in 1873-4, was born July 20, 1836. at Bombay, N. Y. He came with his father to Marshall, and in 1846 to Grand Rapids. Received a common school and commercial educa- tion. Engaged in the lumber business near Grandville in 1852. He enlisted in 1862 in the 5th Michigan cavalry, and rose to the rank of MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 317 captain and took part in many battles, serving until the close of the war, being in command of the regiment in the winter of 1864. In 1865 settled near Spring Lake and engaged in the lumber business as head of the firm of Haire, Savidge & Cutlei . HORACE HALBERT, Senator from Livingston and Shiawassee counties in 1879, was born in Yates county, N. Y., March 1, 1827. Received an academical edu- cation, graduated at the State University in 1858, and became a teacher at Kalamazoo for four } ears. He purchased a farm in Con- way in 1867, and in 1867-8 was professor of mathematics in Kalama- zoo college. Has been supervisor several terms and treasurer of Livingston county. In politics a Republican. DAVID B. HALE, Representative from Eaton county in 1875, was born in West Wind- sor, Vt , Feb. 14, 1820. He settled in Eaton county in 1844, and has held many local offices in Eaton Rapids, including supervisor five terms. A farmer, in politics a Republican; has served several years as member of the board of control of the state reform school. 'WILLIAM HALE, Attorney General of Michigan from 1851 to 1855, and Senator from Wayne county in 1845-6, was born in Oneida county, N. Y., in 1809. He became a lawyer in New York and removed to Detroit in 1837, and early acquired legal and political prominence. He was prosecuting attorney of Wayne county two terms; was alderman in 1859-60; was reporter of the Supreme Court in 1847; and in 1857 purchased the National hotel in Detroit, rebuilt it and named it the Russell house. He removed to California in 1862 and took high rank there as a sound and able lawyer. He died at San Francisco, Feb. 4, 1874. ALFRED D. HALL, Representative from Lenawee county in 1877-9, was born at Byron, N. Y., Jan. 6, 1824; with a fair education he settled at Tecumseh in 1845; has held various local offices, including supervisor four terms. For many years president or secretary of farmers' mutual insurance company of Lenawee county, also president of the county agricult- ural society. A farmer and a Republican. 31 318 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. FREDERICK HALL, Representative from Ionia county in 1850, was born in Shelburn, Vt., March 24, 1816. With a common school education he came West in 1835 and in 1836 was clerk in a store at Lyons. He settled in Ionia in 1841, where he died in 1883. He held many offices, including justice, register of deeds, receiver of the U. S. land office eight years, mayor of Ionian president of the national bank, director in the Ionia & Lan- sing railroad, etc. He was a democratic candidate for congress in 1864, and a candidate for elector in 1876. In politics a Democrat, A large dealer in pine lands, he left a fortune. He was a man of fine per- sonal appearance, genial manner, and was widely known and num- bered many friends. HENRY HALL, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1844, and Senator in 1853» was born in Sterling, Conn., May 2, 1800. With a common school education he was clerk six years, then taught school at Charleston, S. C, one year, then a merchant in Connecticut for ten years. He settled on a farm in Dexter, Mich., in 1833, on which he remained until 1867, after that time residing in the village of Dexter until his death, Oct. 28, 1873. He was town clerk sixteen years, many years a justice, and several times supervisor. In politics a Democrat. HORATIO HALL Was born in Byron, N. Y., Aug. 7, 1816. He settled in Bellevue, Michigan, in 1844. He was a volunteer in the patriot war of 1837. He was a farmer, and held various town offices, including town clerk and supervisor, and was a Representative in 1851. MOSES HALL Came from Vermont to Battle Creek in 1832 and settled on a farm. He held various local offices and in 1844 was a Representative in the legislature. He was one of the founders of the Presbyterian church at Battle Creek, of which he was an active member. He was a justice for many years and was acting in that capacity at the time of his death, May 12, 1860. SALMON C. HALL, Representative from Kalamazoo county in 1851, was born in Litch- field, Conn., Nov. 9, 1809. Ry occupation a surveyor, in politics a MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 31^ Democrat. He came to Michigan in 1835. He was register of deeds and treasurer of Barry county, afterwards recorder of Vernon county^ Mo. , and corresponding clerk in contract office of postoffice depart- ment at Washington. Now resides at Pittsfield, Massachusetts. TALMAN W. HALL Was born at Sudbury, Vt., Sept. 1, 1805. He was educated at an academy and for several years was a teacher. Settled as a farmer in Battle Creek in 1834, and became a merchant in 1842. He held local offices, both territorial and state, and was associate circuit judge of Calhoun county from 1836 to 1845. He was admitted to the bar but never practiced. He was a Representative in 1855 ; mayor, postmaster and alderman of Battle Creek; and has always taken great interest in education. Until 1854 a Democrat, since a Republican. JOHN HAMILTON, Representative from St. Joseph county in 1879, was born in Wayne county, Ohio, Sept. 1, 1813. He received a common school education; came to Michigan in 1832 and engaged in farming. He has been commissioner of highways a number of times. In politics a National .. NATHANIEL A. HAMILTON, Representative and speaker pro tern, from Berrien county in 1877, was born in Lansing, N. Y., March 1, 1836. He was a resident of Whitewater, Wisconsin, from 1842 to 1859, and there received an academical education, studied law, and was admitted to the bar* From 1859 to 1868 was in practice at Placerville, Cal., then returned to Wisconsin, and in 1870 became a resident of St. Joseph, Michigan, and still resides there engaged in his profession. Has been prose- cuting attorney, and in 1876 was a delegate to the Cincinnati conven- tion. In politics a Republican. ANDREW G. HAMMOND, Representative from Kalamazoo county in 1839, was born in Wyom- ing county, N. Y. He settled at Kalamazoo, in 1836, and was cashier of a branch of the Michigan state bank. He removed to Greenfield, Mass., in 1840, and afterwards resided in Hartford, Conn., where he died in 1856. In politics a Whig. 320 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. CHARLES G. HAMMOND Settled in Union City, Mich., as a lawyer in 183G, has father being formerly of Smyrna, N. Y. He purchased the village site and sold it to a company. He was a Representative in 1840, and auditor general of Michigan, 1842-5. He removed to Chicago, became prominent in railroads and a leading citizen. He died a few years since, and left a fine record as a christian and business man. HORACE N. HAMMOND, Representative from St. Clair county in 1885, was born in Bolton, N. Y., November 18, 1832. He came with his parents to St. Clair county in 1833. He was a teacher for twenty years, then a book- keeper, and in 1871 settled on a f^rm in East China. He has been town clerk eighteen years, justice several years, and held other local offices. In politics a Democrat. WILLIAM HAMMOND Was born in Deerfield, N. Y., in 18; 5, and removed to Genesee county, N. Y., when young. Came to Michigan in 1838, and engaged in the mercantile business until 1844. Afterwards a farmer in Eaton, Eatijn county. In politics a Whig. Was a Representative in 1849. CHARLES S. HAMPTON, Representative from Emmet and other counties in 1885, was born in Medina, Mich., Sept. 10, 1856. Lived in Texas from 1858 to 1862, then at Hudson and Muir, Mich., settling at Harbor Springs in 1875. He is a graduate of Adrian college, for several years published the Inde- pendent, a greenback paper, and was long a leading Greenbacker. Now publishes a democratic paper at Petoskey. JOHN W. HANCE, Senator from the counties of Gratiot, Isabella, Clare and Midland in 1883, was born at Marengo, Ohio, in 1848, of German and Welsh parentage. Came to Michigan in 1865, and has since resided in Isa- bella county, being engaged in farming and real estate business. Re- publican in politics. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 321 GEORGE E. HAND, A member of the House from Wayne county in 1846, was born in Connecticut in 1809, graduated at Yale college in 1839, and came to Detroit, where he studied law and was admitted to practice. In 1835 he was appointed judge of probate of the county. As member of the legislature he was chairman of the committee for the sale of the pub- lic works, and prepared the bills providing for the sale of the Central and Southern railroads and the incorporation of the companies for their purchase. Judge Hand held the office of United States district attorney under President Pierce. He was a Democrat in politics. During his later years he has held no office and has not been an active practitioner, but has handled landed property as buyer and seller. He is a man of vigorous physical build, cultivated by exercise, being known as an athlete. He was never married, and declining faculties some years ago threw the management of his large estate into the hands of his friends. MICHAEL ELAND, Representative from Berrien county in 1853, was born in Butler county, Ohio, Jan. 18, 1806, and died Jan. 29, 1877. He arrived in the town of Berrien, Berrien county^, in 1831, and cleared a large farm, which became his home for life. Held several positions of trust, including those of supervisor and justice. Was a man of public spirit, a leader in politics, and a Democrat. PATRICK HANKERD, Representative from Jackson county in 1877-83-5, was born in Dex- ter, Mich., March 22, 1845. In the year 1850 he removed with his parents to Henrietta, Jackson county, where he has since resided . He received a common school education; taught school seven years. He has held the office of township clerk one year, and the office of supervisor fourteen years. He was the democratic candidate for Congress in the third district in 18S6. PERRY HANNAH Was born in Erie, Pa., Sept. 22, 1824. He removed to Port Huron, Mich., in 1837, where he remained ten years, much of the time em- ployed in rafting saw logs from Port Huron to Detroit. In 1846 he went to Chicago, landing in that city without a cent in his pocket. For four years he was employed as clerk in a lumber yard. In 1850 322 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. he formed a partnership with A. T. Lay and James Morgan in the well known firm of Hannah, Lay & Co. They commenced the lum- ber business with a borrowed capital of $6,000. In 1851 the firm pur- chased the present site of Traverse City, where thoy built a steam saw mill and opened a store. This business has increased to immense proportions, and tne firm own lines of steamers which run to Chicago and up the shore to Mackinac, and have the largest mercantile estab- lishment, outside of Detroit, in the state. Mr. Hannah was Repre- sentative in 1857, for 27 years a school officer, many years supervisor, four years a member of the state republican committee, and was a presidential elector in 1864. GEORGE HANNAHS, Senator from Van Buren county in 1871-2, was born at Cobleskill, N. Y., March 17, 1823. In 1831 he removed to Utica, N. Y., and received a fair education. Came with his father to Albion, Mich., in 1837, where they were engaged in merchandise and milling. He also was in the salt manufacture at East Saginaw. He moved to South Haven in 1864, and built up a large lumber business and dealt in real estate. He served several times as president of Albion village and of South Haven; has been a trustee of Pontiac and Kalamazoo asylums, and now resides in California. In politics a Republican. ALFRED H. HANSCOM, . Representative from Oakland county in 1842-5, was a native of Rochester, N. Y., and was admitted to the Oakland county bar in 1838. He was an eloquent advocate, and an able political speaker. He was speaker of the House in 1845, and district attorney of Oak- land county for several years. He removed to Ontonagon county about 1850, and died thirty years since. He was a Democrat, and one of the greatest political orators in that party in the early days of Michigan. DAVID E. HARBAUGH, 'A member of the House of Representatives from Detroit, in 1840, was born in Lisbon, Ohio, in 1807, was educated at Washington college, Pennsylvania, was admitted to practice as an attorney in Ohio, in 1832, and became a resident of Detroit in 1834. He was elected justice of the peace and was president of the Detroit young jnen's society in 1837; was city attorney 1844-5; member of the board r MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY. 323 of education 1848; city recorder 1850; prosecuting attorney 1861-3; collector of internal revenue 1865-69, and police justice 1873-78. He was in active practice, except as interrupted by ofl&cial duties, until his death, May, 1884. He was a Whig and Kepublican, but sympa- thized with the Greenbackers when they developed their greatest strength in 1878. He was a gentleman of broad views, generous and public spirited. WILLIAM F. HARDEN, Representative from Allegan county, in 1874-5, was born July, 1831, in Wayne county, N. Y. He was educated in the common schools, in 1858 removed to Michigan, and has ever since lived in Martin, Allegan county, and has been many years supervisor. He was elected to fill a vacancy in the legislature of 1874. In politics a Republican. FISHP:R a. HARDING, Representative from Detroit in 1841, was a native of Massachusetts, born 1811. He was a graduate of Harvard, and a law student under Daniel Webster. He spent two years in practice in Chicago, 1835-7, and in the latter year removed to Detroit, forming a law partnership with Fletcher Webster, who subsequently returned to Boston. He was appointed a master in chancery in 1840. Mr. Harding became connected editorially with the Detroit Advertiser in 1841, and so continued, with the exception of an intermission of about a year, until the time of his death, August 4, 1846. He is described as a man peculiarly gentle in manner and pure and classical in thought. In politics a Whig. WILLIAM M. HARFORD, Representative from Muskegon county in 1881-2, was born in Holmes county, Ohio, February 15, 1842. He worked at farming, attending district school. He graduated at the Ohio Wesleyan University in 1868. He was successively superintendent of schools at West Jeffer- son, Waynesville and London, Ohio. In 1875 was part proprietor and editor of the Fremont Journal. In 1878 he removed to Muskegon, Mich., and soon became editor and proprietor of the Muskegon Chronicle. 324 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. SEELEY HARGER Was born in Ballston, N. Y., in 1801. In 1817 removed to western New York. He came to Oakland county, Michigan, in 1837, and resided in West Bloomfield. He was a Representative in 1849. JOHN U. HARKNESS, Representative from Lenawee county in 1883, was born in Raisin, Michigan, May 12, 1840. In 1848 he settled with his parents in Rollin, same county, where he has resided most of the time since. He received a common school education, with two or three terms at Friend's seminary, near Adrian, Michigan. He learned the carriage- maker's trade, which business he carried on several years. Since 1879 he has been engaged in farming. He has filled various township offices, having been supervisor three years. In politics a Republican. HENRY H. HARMON, Representative from Livingston county in 1863-4, was born in Man- chester, N. Y., June 2, 1823. He came to Oakland county with his parents in 1838. Received a common school education; taught school in Howell in 1847; commenced the study of law and was admitted to the bar in 1849. He began practice at Howell. Has held the offices of town clerk, circuit court commissioner, prosecuting attorney and judge of probate. Also for some years edited a paper. A Democrat in politics. EGBERT P, HARPER, Representative from the second district of Washtenaw county in 1885 and 1887, was born October 24, 1832, in Wayne county, N. Y. He has been a resident of Michigan fifty years; has held the office of supervisor fifteen years. He was elected to the legislature of 1885-6, and re-elected to the House on the fusion ticket by a vote of 2,339 to 1,781 for Matthew Seeger, Republican, and 445 for Charles M. Fellows, Prohibitionist. CHARLES F. HARRINGTON, Representative from St. Clair county in 1877, was born at Port Huron, Mich., Sept. 20 1842. He received a classical education at Canandaigua academy, N. Y., and in 1861 commenced the study of law. In 1864 he commenced practice at Port Huron. He was circuit MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 325 court commissioner for St. Clair county one term, and prosecuting attorney two terms. In 1873 he abandoned practice and was instru- mental in organizing the Port Huron savings bank, with which he has since been connected as cashier and director, and has also been interested in railroads. DANIEL B. HARRINGTON, Representative from St. Clair county in 1847, and Senator in 1853, was born in Ontario county, N. Y., April 23, 1807. He settled with his father on Black River, St. Clair county, in 1824, attended school, was a clerk in Detroit, and in 1833 went into business at Black River. In 1835, with Judge White, he bought eighty acres of land, now part of the site of Port Huron, purchased other lands, and engaged in lum- bering and real estate. He was postmaster, president of the first national bank, and of the Port Huron savings bank. In 1874 built the city opera house. Deceased. EBENEZER B. HARRINGTON, Senator from St. Clair county in 1839, was born in Lyons, N. Y. By occupation a lawyer, in politics a Democrat. He came to Michigan in 1831. He studied law in Whitesboro, N. Y., and was admitted to practice law in Michigan in 1837. Edited and published the Lake Huron Observer at Port Huron. From 1838 to 1844 practiced law in Detroit, being associated with James A. Van Dyke. Governor Mason appointed him master in chancery in 1838. In 1839 he was appointed to superintend the publication of the revised statutes of Michigan. The same year he was appointed reporter of the court of chancery, and in 1844 he also became reporter of the Supreme Court. He died in August, 1844, the volume known as Harrington's Chancery Re- ports being published in November, 1884, by Henry N. Walker, his successor in office. EDWARD W. HARRIS Was born May 4, 1831, at Bradford, Vt. In 1837 he came to Michigan with his parents, who settled at Rochester, Oakland county. He at- tended the academy at that place for several years. In 1854 he grad- ated at the state and national law school at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and located at Port Huron. In 1855 he formed a co-partnership with the Hon. O. D. Conger, in the law business, under the firm name of Con- ger & Harris. In 1862 he was appointed judge of probate of St. Clair county, in the place of Major Scarritt, resigned, and served as such 326 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. for three years. In 1866 he was elected prosecuting attorney, and served two years, in 1868 he was elected judge of probate and served four years. In 1873 he was appointed judge of the sixteenth circuit, in place of Judge Mitchell, resigned, ^nd in 1875 was elected to the same place without opposition. ISRAEL V. HARRIS, Senator from Ottawa county in 1853, was born in Pine Plains, N. Y., April 2, 1815. He received an academical education, and was engaged in farming until he came to Michigan in 1836. In 1837 he settled in •Tallmadge, was a merchant with his brother at Grand Rapids, then engaged in lumbering and real estate. Was six times supervisor of Tallmadge. Later lived at Grand Haven. MYRON HARRIS, Representative from Ottawa county in 1875, was born at Pine Plains, N. Y., in 1820. At the age of 19 he came to Michigan and located at Tallmadge, Ottawa county, where he still resides. In 1844 he built a saw mill, and lumbered for about twenty years, building up a most successful business. At the present time he is engaged in farming. In politics a Democrat. THOMAS W. HARRIS, Representative from Detroit in 1869-70, was a carpenter by trade, born in New Jersey in 1817. He resided in Newark, N. J., up to 1852, when he located in Detroit. He was a Democrat in politics, nomi- nated for the legislature in 1869 by his party as a representative work- ingman, he being at the time president of the Trades Assembly, an organization composed of delegates from the various labor unions of the city. He died in 1884. WILLIAM HARRIS Was born in Cornwall, England, March 17, 1819. In 1847 he came to the United States and settled in Ontonagon county. He received an ordinary public school education, and is by occupation a mining superintendent. He was Representative from Keewenaw county in 1871-2-3 and 4. In politics a Republican. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 327 ANDREW HARSHAW, Senator from Alpena and other counties in 1887, was born in Ireland, Feb. 4, 1830, and settled in Oakland county, Mich., in 1849. Learned the trade of a tinner, worked many years at Pontiac, was in business there, and an alderman. In 1872 opened a hardware store at Alpena, in which he is now engaged. Has been mayor and alderman and held other local offices. In politics a fusionist. Was a Butler presi- dential elector on the fusion ticket in 1884. ALVIN N. HART, Representative in 1835-6 and 1871-2, and Senator in 1844-5-8-9-50, was born in Cornwall. Conn., Feb. 11, 1804. Graduated at Amherst col- lege, came to Lapeer, Michigan, in 1831 ; was justice, and sheriff of Lapeer county. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1835, and chief judge of the Lapeer county court, 1846-50. Became a resident and merchant in Lansing in 1860, and was many years an alderman. He was interested in real estate, milling, and the buildmg of railroads. In politics a Democrat. Died Aug. 22, 1874. HENRY HART Was born May 13, 1840, in China, Michigan. He was raised on a farm, and received a common school education. He graduated from the law department of the University in 1865, and commenced prac- tice at Midland the same year, where he has since resided. He was justice of the peace one year, prosecuting attorney of Midland county four years, circuit court commissioner four years, supervisor three years, a member of the Midland school board five years, and Repre- sentative in the legislature in 1875, and in that year he was elected judge of the 2l8t judicial circuit. WILLIAM W. HARTSON Was born in Madison county, N. Y., Feb. 27, 1835. By occupation a farmer. He was elected as a Republican to the legislature of 1869-70. Was supervisor several years; deputy marshal to take census of 1870; register of deeds for St. Clair county from 1873 to 1879; supervisor of Wales, St. Clair county, and represented the county at the meeting of state board of equalization in June, 1886. 328 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. JONATHAN HART Was born in the state of New York, October 25, 1795. He settled in Battle Creek, in 1836, and built a flour mill, continuing in that business until his death in 1858. He also engaged in the manufacture of lard oil. He was a Representative in 1840. He was president of the village of Battle Creek and mayor of the city. In politics a Whig and one of the first seven of that party in Calhoun county. In religion a Friend. He was a public spirited citizen and a successful business man. NOAH H. HART, Representative from Lapeer county in 1851, was born in Litchfield, Conn., October 30, 1813. By profession a lawyer, in politics a Demo- crat. He settled in Lapeer, Mich., in 1832, held various local offices, and was justice for thirty years. He raised a company and entered the army in 1861, as first lieutenant in the 10th Michigan infantry, was promoted to captain March 31, 1863, and was mustered out February 6, 1865. Now resides with a daughter at Toledo, Ohio. JOSEPH L. HARTSUFF Was born in Onondaga county, N. Y., May 1, 1810. His early life was spent in farming, boating on the Erie canal, and later teaching school. He came to Michigan in 1835 and settled on a farm near Coldwater. He soon removed to Unadilla, Livingston county, where he was a farmer until his death, November 14, 1867. He was a Rep- resentative in 1849, and for several years a justice of the peace. In politics a Democrat. ANDREW HARVIE, Representative from Detroit in 1845, and Senator in 1850-1, was born in Scotland before 1810, came to Michigan in 1837, and was principal of the Tecumseh branch of the University in 1839-40. In 1840 became a lawyer at Detroit. He was master of chancery in 1848. Later, removed to Chicago. He was a Democrat in politics. In behalf of Michigan, he presented the copper block to be placed in the Wash- ington monument. A man of ability and thorough culture. MIOHIGAK BIOGRAPHY. 329 BARZILLA J. HARVEY Was born in Ontario county, N. Y., September 29, 1808. He came to Michigan in 1832, and purchased lands in Adrian, which he occu- pied until his death, September 25, 1863. In politics a Republican. He was Representative in the legislature of 1857. CHARLES C. HASCALL, Senator in 1835-6, was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., Nov. 6, 1799. He came to Michigan in 1819, settled in Pontiac, built a woolen mill, and owned the first printing press brought to Pontiac. He was one of the first justices of the peace and was town clerk of Pontiac in 1829-30. He kept in 1825 the first hotel in the village of Auburn, three and a half miles east of Pontiac. He built there another woolen mill, a hotel, dwelling and store, and embarked in the dry goods business. Removed to Flint in 1836, having been appointed U. S. receiver for the district of Michigan which office he held 1836-40. He was a commissioned general of state militia and went to the *' Toledo war." He was the democratic candidate for congress in 1850. Had a contract from government to construct a portion of the ** North- ern railroad," and had done considerable work when the project was abandoned. Traded in lumber and was partner in a general store. Established the " Flint Republican,'' a democratic paper conducted for him bv the late Royal W. Jenney, which was discontinued in 1853. Always a Democrat. Died October 5, 1862. VOLNEY HASCALL Was born Feb. 2, 1820, in Leroy, N. Y. He came with his father to Kalamazoo in 1830, was educated at the Kalamazoo branch of the University and became a finished scholar in Latin, English literature and mathematics. He read law and was admitted to the bar in 1843. He had mastered the art of printing while a minor. He practiced law three years, and in 1846 became owner and editor of the Kalama- zoo Gazette, to which he gave his time for sixteen years. He sold out from failing health in 1862. Died February 21, 1879. He was in politics a Democrat, w as a delegate in the constitutional convention of 1850, and register of the Unjted States land office at Kalamazoo in 1857-8, and held several local offices. He was an able and convincing editorial writer, and made his paper a political power. 330 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. HARAN HASKIISS Was born in Dutchess county, N. Y., in February, 1806. By occupa. tion a farmer, in politics a Republican. He settled in West Bloom- field, Oakland county, in 1832. He was town clerk for eight years, and a Representative from Oakland county in 1837. He was a cap- tain in the " Toledo war," a deacon in the Baptist church, and super" intendent of a Sunday school. He died in November, 1858. NELSON HASKIN, Representative from Lapeer county in 1887, was born in Ontario county, Ontario, October 20, 1849, and became an acknowledged citi- zen of the United States, April 10, 1874. He has been a resident of Michigan fifteen years, and held the office of village trustee in Imlay City. As Republican candidate for Representative to the legislature of 1887-8 he received a vote of 1 ,329 to 1,328 for James P. Smith, and 117 for S. R. Ferguson, Prohibitionist. EUROTAS P. HASTINGS Served a term as auditor general of the state, 1840-1842, having been appointed by Gov. Woodbridge, and being, of course, a Whig in poli- tics. His nativity is not accurately known, although he was born in the state of New York, and was past middle age in 1840. He was trained as a business man and banker under the Dwights, of Geneva, N. Y., and was the first president of the bank of Michigan, organized in 1825. He held the oflSce of recorder of Detroit for a term, was a U. S. commissioner, and pension agent from 1837 to 1854. He took an active interest in public f.ffairs, was earnest and zealous in his religious connections, which were Presbyterian, and was a man of refinement and character, but inclined to be over confiding in his dis- position. Died in 1866. BARNABAS C. HATCH Was born in August, 1809, and emigrated from Steuben county, N. Y., about 1837. He was self-educated. He was a farmer and settled in Spring Arbor. He was supervisor several years; justice twenty years; county judge, and Representative in 1849. He acquired a valuable estate, and was a man of public spirit, fine intellectual en- dowments and was deservedly popular. Died Feb. 22, 1874. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 331 HERSCHEL H. HATCH, Of Bay City, was born at Morrisville, N. Y. , Feb. 17, 1837. Received common school training until 1856, when he entered the law school at Hamilton college. New York. lie graduated in 1859, and was at once admitted to the bar. He practiced law in his native county until 1863, when he removed to Bay City, where he has since resided, and actively followed the practice of his profession. He was elected a member of the first board of aldermen of Bay City; elected judge of probate of Bay county in 1868; appointed a member of the constitu- tional commission of Michigan in 1873, and of the law commission of Michigan in 1881. In 1882 he was elected Representative to the forty- eighth congress upon the republican ticket, by a vote of 11,326, to 7,749 votes for Andrew C. Maxwell, Democrat, and 2,384 for J. M. Miller, Greenbacker. Served one term, and declined a second. REUBEN HATCH Was born at Alstead, N. H., Oct. 11, 1847. He received a good edu- cation, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1871. In 1875 he was elected judge of the thirteenth judicial circuit, and at the end of his term resumed practice at Traverse City. He is head of a leading law firm, and has held various local offices. HIRON HATHAWAY Was born in Massachusetts June 5, 1799. He settled in Richmond, Mich. , in 1826. He was Representative in 1842 and 1855, and a mem- ber of the constitutional convention of 1850. He also served as asso- ciate judge of Macomb county, was supervisor of Richmond, and president of Armada village. GILBERT HATHEWAY Was born in Plymouth county, Mass. , in 1812. He came to Michigan in 1846, and inaugurated extensive business enterprises at New Balti- more, Macomb county. During his early life in Massachusetts he was well known, and was colonel in the state militia. His life in Macomb county was characterized by deeds of cliarity and benevolence. He was Senator from Macomb county in 1871, but died Oct. 21, 1871, be- fore the close of his term. He gave $15,000 to erect a building for the school known as the Hatheway institute at New Baltimore. He left a large property. 332 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. MARTIN HAVEN, Representative from Calhoun county in 1867, was born in Livingston county, N. Y., July 21, 1823. He came to Albion in 1851. By occu- pation a builder, farmer and drover, in politics Republican. He was postmaster of Albion from June 20, 1875, to December 31, 1886, when he was suspended by President Cleveland. He was a member of the Albion common council for two years, and was elected supervisor of the third ward in 1887. JOSIAH L. HAWES Was born in Carlisle, N. Y. , October 12, 1823. His early education was mainly in the common schools. He commenced the study of law in 1843, and was admitted to the bar m 1847. He practiced law at Unadilla two years; then at Cobleskill, N. Y., till 1852, when he removed to Kalamazoo, Mich. , where he distinguished himself chiefly as trial counsel in cases at the circuit. In April, 1875, he was elected circuit judge, his term to commence in January following, but a vacancy in the ofi3.ce having occurred, he entered at once upon the ofiace by appointment from Governor Bagley. He left an exten- sive and lucrative practice in the state and United States Courts, to take the unsought ofiBce of circuit judge. In politics a Democrat. DUANE HAWKINS, Representative from Eaton county in 1881-2, was born February 17, 1840, in Vermontville, Mich. His parents moved from the state of Vermont in 1838. His education was received in common schools. His life has been spent on a farm, except a period of nine months. That was spent in the army during the civil war, he having enlisted August 30, 1864, in the second Michigan cavalry, and having been discharged June 2, 1865. He has been twice elected justice of the peace; has been president of the Eaton county agricultural society, and held many other minor ofiSces within the gift of the community in which he lived. He received 1,969 votes; Wells R. Martin, Demo- crat, 1,253; Charles G. Bale, National, 296. LUCIUS D. HAWKINS, Senator from Jackson county in 1875, was born in Oswego county, N. Y., in 1824. Bis education was attained in common schools. He .1 I MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 333 removed to Michigan in 1835, and settled in Spring Arbor, Jackson county. He is a farmer and machinist by occupation. CHAUNCEY HAWLEY, Representative from Jackson county in 1843, was born in Granby, Conn., September 26, 1797. He settled at Napoleon, Jackson county, Mich., in 1834, and died March 31, 1880. Probably a farmer. ELIJAH HAWLEY, Jr., Was born in Arlington, Vt., April 17, 1812. He studied law in that state and was admitted to the bar in Illinois, but never engaged in practice. He became a resident of Wayne' county, Michigan, in 1835. Held various town and county offices for twelve years, and was Representative in the legislatures of 1844-6-9. THOMAS D. HAWLEY, Senator from Wayne county in 1885, was born at Erie, Pa., Febru- ary 27, 1843, and the same year came with his parents to Detroit. Received a classical and collegiate education at Toronto, Canada. He became a lawyer in 1879, and was a Representative in 1867. Has been a member and secretary of the democratic state committee, delegate to the democratic national convention, member and presi- dent of the Detroit common council, and held many other official and honorary offices. ' RICHARD HAWLEY, Representative from Detroit in 1865 and 1877, was born at Shrews- bury, Shropshire, England, Dec. 10, 1815. He came to this country with his parents in 1818, and resided successively in Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, West Virginia and Ohio. He received a good common school education. He came to Detroit in 1840 and was engaged in the brewing business until 1875 with the exception of two years. He was for many years an active member of the Detroit board of trade, and several times represented it at the national and dominion boards. He was also an alderman and a member of the board of estimates. He was a Whig until 1854, after that a Democrat. 33 334 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. HENRY A. HAYDEN, Representative from Jackson county in 1863-4, was born in Otsego county, N. Y , March 28, 1817. He received a common school educa- tion, was a clerk in Buffalo from 1839 to 1834, then served as sailor. Studied civil engineering, and in 1837 helped survey the line of the Michigan Central railroad, and remained in service of the road until 1844, and was general superintendent of repairs and paymaster. Has resided at Jackson since 1838. Has been in the rLilling business since 1845. Has been county surveyor, supervisor, mayor, etc. For many years was president of the Jackson, Lansing & Saginaw railroad com- pany. In politics a Democrat. , HENKY HAYDEN, Representative from Bay county in 1855, was born in Essex, Conn., Feb. 8, 1819, and was educated at Hill's academy in that town. He settled at Portsmouth, now a part of Bay City, in 1855, and was a salt and lumber manufacturer for fourteen years, and for several years supervisor. He returned to Essex, Conn., in 1869, where he lived a retired life. Died Sept. 18, 1875. PHILOTUS HAYDEN Was born in Montgomery county, N. Y., in 1810. When young went to Brandon, Vt., and engaged in mercantile business. In 1836 he located one thousand acres of land in Hamilton, Van Buren county, Mich., and owned and occupied a farm of seven hundred acres at the time of his death, March 10, 1866. He was a prominent Republican. He was ten times supervisor, Representative in 1844- 7-50, and Senator in 1851-9. ELEAZAR B. HAYES, Representative from Tuscola county in 1883-5, was born in Geneseo, N. Y., May 31, 1832. Came to Michigan in 1841. Settled in Tuscola county in 1855. His occupation is farming. Supervisor fourteen years, and secretary of the Tuscola county agricultural society for seven years. In politics a Republican. NATHAN B. HAYES, Representative from Ionia county in 1877, was born at Bristol, N. Y., Dec, 18, 1835. In 1836 he removed with his parents and settled in MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY. 335 North Plains, Ionia county. He has been president of the first national bank of Muir since its organization. He is extensively engaged in farming, also in lumbering and manufacturing. In poli- tics a Republican. HARVEY HAYNES "Was bom in Ulster county, N. Y., Jan. 24, 1817. He came to Michi- gan in 1836, and settled in Cold water, where he now resides. In €arly life studied law and was engaged in teaching. His taste, how- ever, was farming which he has pursued as an occupation. He was supervisor and assessor for many years, and Representative in 1865 and 1871-2, and was efficient in securing the location of the state public school at Coldwater. ANDREW L. HAYS, Representative from Calhoun county in 1845, was born in Sanborton, N. H., Aug. 27, 1803. He came to Michigan in 1829, and settled at Marshall in 1831, where he resided until his death, Dec. 9, 1864. The first physician in Calhoun county. He was made a brigadier general by Gov. Mason and took part in the Black Hawk and Toledo wars. In politics a Democrat. He married Clarissa S. Hunt in 1830, and his son, Luther, was the first white boy born in Calhoun county. His son, Walter I., is judge of the 7th Iowa circuit. JAMES E. HAYWOOD Was born in Haverhill, N. H., May 23, 1834. He received a common school education and attended Haverhill academy one term. He set- tled in Rubicon, Huron county, Michigan, in 1857. He filled various town ofl&ces and was Representative from Huron county in 1871-2-8-4. By occupation a merchant, in politics a Republican. CHESTER HAZARD Was born in Arlington, Vt., June 23, 1796; came to Michigan in 1836 and located 320 acres of land in Genoa. In 1842 he was elected treas- urer of Livingston county and served two terms. In 1847 was a Rep- resentative. He was for many years supervisor, and was a justice for forty years. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Democrat. 336 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. CHARLES W. HAZE, Representative from Livingston county in 1853, was born at Wilson, N. Y., Aug. 14, 1820. He removed with his parents to Farmington Mich., in 1837. Received a common school and classical education. Studied medicine and graduated from the medical department of the Western Reserve college, and located at Pinckney, Mich., in 1845, where he still resides. Has held several offices in village and town, and during the war was examining surgeon for Livingston county. Is a Democrat and has been a member of the state committee. Besides his practice is a farmer on a large scale. WILLIAM H. HAZE, Representative from Oakland county in 1863-4, was born at Port Hope, Canada, of American parentage, April 13, 1816. His parents soon removed to Wilson, N. Y., and he was educated at Genesee college, Lima, N. Y. In 1838 settled at Farmington, Mich., and became a farmer and teacher. In 1840 married Lydia Emrich, of Wooster, Ohio. He became a Methodist minister in 1843, but failure of voice compelled him to give up preaching, and he graduated as a physician from a medical college in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1852, and practiced in Oakland county. He removed to Lansing in 1864, and has been alderman, mayor and city assessor; lay delegate to the general Meth- odist conference at Philadelphia; and one of the% board of control of Albion college. A Republican until 1872, then an Independent, now a Prohibitionist. EZRA HAZEN, Senator from St. Clair county in 1861-2, and Representative in 1865, '71-2, was born at Byron, N. Y., June 1, 1817. Settled near Romeo,. Mich. , in 1834, removed to Almont in 1839, and to Memphis in 1854, where he now resides. A justice forty years, supervisor of Riley twelve years, deputy collector of customs from 1872 to 1885. A dele- gate in the constitutional convention of 1867. A Republican since 1854. LUKE HAZEN, Representative from Hillsdale county in 1848, was born in Vienna, N. Y., Dec. 2, 1812. Attended district and high schools and was a teacher. * He came to Michigan in 1835, and settled on a farm in the MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 337 town of Allen in 1839. Supervisor three terms, held other offices, was a farmer and merchant. Moved to Litchfield in 1858. A Whig until 1854, then a Republican. Town clerk of Litchfield three years, and treasurer eleven years; county clerk 1875-9. Latterly lived in De- Witt, Mich. GEORGE H. HAZLETON^, Representative from Genesee county in 1845-6, was b^rn in Morris- ville, N. Y., Jan. 24, 1809. He came to Ann Arbor in 1836 and opened a land office. Removed to Flint in 1839, and purchased a large por- tion of the land on which that city is built. He was a merchant and lumberman, running two mills. He was one of seven whigs in the legislature, and was the whig candidate for congress in 1845. In 1854 was appointed visitor to West Point. He was a whig candidate for lieutenant-governor. Removed to Chicago in 1854 and engaged in banking until 1860. Then was a manufacturer in Philadelphia until 1877, afterwards in same business in Chicago and New York, then five years at Baltimore running machinery by water motors. Now resides at Hammonton, N. J. WILLIAM P. HEALEY, Representative from Marquette in 1867, was born in Ireland April 14, 1842, and came with his parents to America in 1846, who settled in Michigan. He received a fair education, and became a resident of Marquette county in 1863. He was supervisor of Negaunee six years, chairtnan of the county board, and president of the village of Ne- gaunee in 1865. He was admitted to the bar in 1870, and has since been in practice at Marquette. A Democrat until 1884, since a Re_ publican. JOHN S. HEITH, Representative from St. Clair county in 1835-6-7, was born in Hills- boro, N. H., in 1807, and was a schoolmate of President Pierce. He studied medicine at Glenns Falls, N. Y., and took up his residence at Port Huron, Mich., in 1832, which was then Desmond. He filled many public positions, and was collector of customs and sheriff of the county. He owned mills and manufactured lumber at a place then called Point Au Barques. Deceased. 338 MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY. CHARLES A. HEBARD, Representative from Lapeer county in 1844 and 1847, was born in Leyden, Mass., July 5, 1805. By occupation a teacher and farmer, politically a Democrat. Moved to Orleans county, N. Y. , in 1834, and from there to Attica, Lapeer county, in 1839. He was several years supervisor of Attica. Moved to Kasota, Minn., in 1855, and died there May 16, 1855. CARL HEISTERMAN, Senator from Sanilac and Huron counties in 1885, and a resident of Bad Axe, was born in Germany Nov. 5, 1820. He has been a resident of Michigan thirty-seven years. IJe was formerly a gardener by oc- cupation, but is now a farmer. He has held the office of register of deeds six years, and supervisor fifteen years. Politically a Democrat. GEORGE F. HEMINGWAY, Representative from Midland in 1861-2, was born in Monroe county, N. Y., June 21, 1817. Came to Michigan in 1837 and has resided in the state ever since. Now resides at Midland City. Has held the offices of town clerk, school inspector, justice of the peace, super- visor, and prosecuting attorney three times. By profession a lawyer, in politics, now a prohibitionist. WILLIAM HEMINGWAY, Representative from Lapeer county in 1863-4, was born in Chili, N Y., November 10, 1815; was a lawyer by profession, and a Republican in politics; settled in Lapeer county in 1835, and with the exception of a few months, was a resident of that county until his death, Dec. 28, 1885. For twenty years a circuit court commissioner, and was president of the Lapeer bar association. In politics a Republican. EDEN F. HENDERSON Was born in Royalton, N. Y., January 5, 1828, and came with his father to Michigan in 1839. He purchased a farm near Battle Creek in 1852. He was a Representative in 1861-2; a member of the con- stitutional convention in 1867; county treasurer and probate judge, each for four years; and fiUed other offices. He was elected for a MICHIGAN- BIOGRAPHY. 339 second four years as probate judge but died September 29, 1873, before the first year of his term had expired. He was a Republican, an elder in the Presbyterian church, and a man very popular with the people. HENRY P. HENDERSON, Representative from Ingham county in 1879, was born in TuUy, N. Y., September 23, 1842, and removed to Michigan in 1845, and settled in Oakland county. In the fall of 1845 he removed to LeRoy, Ing- ham county, and in 1854 to Mason, same county. He received an academical education. He has held the office of deputy county clerk, county clerk, a member of the common council, prosecuting attorney, a member of the school board of Mason, and a director in the first national bank, and other minor offices. He was admitted to the bar in 1867. In politics a Democrat. Is now United States terri- torial judge in Utah. CHARLES R. HENRY, Senator from the 29th district in 1885, was born in Macon, Michigan, December 29, 1856. He received a public school education and taught for two years. He graduated at the law department of the University in 1875, and began practice at Au Sable. Has held various village and county offices, and been prosecuting attorney. In politics a Republican. CALEB HERRINGTON, A member of the constitutional convention of 1835, and a Represen- tative from Wayne county in 1837, was a native of the state of New York, born 1783. He came to Michigan in 1833, and settled in the township of Plymouth, two miles west of the village of North ville, where he lived until his death, March 29, 1849 The confidence of his townsmen was manifested by his frequent election to local offices of trust. He was captain of a volunteer company in the war of 1812, and was engaged jn the battle of Queenston and other battles of the war. Was a farmer, and in politics a Democrat. CASS E. HERRINGTON, Representative from Oakland county in 1837, was born in that county, at Four Towns, Dec. 23, 1856, ani there resided until he was seven- teen years of age, when he attanded the Michigan agricultural col- 340 MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY. lege three years, teaching winters. He began the study of law in 1878, and was admitted to the bar of Oakland county the same year. He graduated at the Michigan University in 1879 and has practiced law at Pontiac since that time. He has held the office of city clerk of Pontiac two terms, and circuit court commissioner from Jan. 1,.1883, to Nov. 1. 1886, at which time he resigned the office. He was elected Representative for 1887-8 on the Democratic ticket, receiving 2,470 votes, to 2,396 for Joseph S. Stock well. Republican, and 257 for Wm. E. Williams, Prohibitionist. CHRISTIAN HERTZLER, Senator from Monroe county in 1885, was born in Marietta, Lancaster county, Pa., May 25, 1830. He came to Michigan with his parents in 1835, and settled in Vienna, and has since resided in the same place, with the exception of twelve years, four years in Toledo, Ohio, and eight years in Philadelphia, Pa. He received a common school edu- cation, and is a farmer by occupation. He held the office of super- visor twenty -one years in succession, and was chairman of the board seven years. He was elected Representative in the legislature, in 1812 and 1874, as a Democrat. ALEXANDER HEWITT, Senator from Hillsdale county in 1879, was born in Edinburg, N. Y., March 25, 1818. He removed to Alleghany county in 1822, thence to Ontario county. He received a common school education. He came to Michigan in 1844. and settled in the township of Allen, on the farm where he now resides, and is a farmer by occupation. He was elected to the lower house of the state legislature in 1872 and again in 1874. He has been two years president of the Hillsdale county agricultural society. A Republican in politics. CYRUS HEWITT "Was born in Saratoga county, New York, Feb. 19, 1805. He came to Marshall, Mich., in 1836, and engaged in his profession as surveyor and civil engineer, platting several towns along the Michigan Central railroad and surveying for the United States a large portion of the lands in Calhoun, Hillsdale, Jackson and other counties. He removed to Lansing in 1858 and became a clerk in the state land office and was deputy from 1861 to 1865. In 1864 he was elected state land com- missioner and held the office from 1865 to 1867. He was also mayor MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 341 of Lansing. He engaged in banking business, which he conducted successfully until 1877, when he retired from business. In politics a Republican. He died Nov. 23, 1883. HENRY HEWITT, State Senator from Calhoun county in 1842, was born in Byron, N. Y., October 15, 1812. He was educated in common schools and at Mid- dlebury academy, N. Y. He came to Marshall, Mich., in 1835, was a merchant, and politically a Democrat. He was justice in 1837, and associate county judge in 1840. Died March 7, 1842. LAUREN K. HEWITT, Senator from Ingham and Clinton counties in 1863-4, was born in Palmyra, N. Y., June 14, 1816. By occupation a lawyer, in politics a Democrat. He was educated at Mt. Morris academy. N. Y. He came to Washtena,w county in 1836. He studied law, settled at Howell in 1840 and commenced practice with his brother, Lewis H. Hewitt. Continued in practice there until 1857, when he removed to Lansing and was engaged in the banking business with J. C. Bailey for several years, afterwards with Daniel L. Case, and then with Cyrus Hewitt. He was also interested in insurance, and for many years was U. S. circuit court commissioner. Died Jan. 11, 1877. WALTER B. HEWITT Was born at Stillwater, N. Y., Feb. 4, 1800. At the age of twenty- five he located near Walled Lake, Oakland county, where he remained a year, and then engaged in the boot and shoe trade at Detroit for four years. In 1831 he moved to Ypsilanti, where he was engaged in business until a few years since, when he retired to private life. In 1850 he bought a farm near Ypsilanti. He was Representative in the legislature of 1842 as a Democrat. Not living. HARRIS H. HICKMAN Was the second attorney general of the territory of Michigan, and was appointed Sept. 22, 1809. Little is known of him. He was appointed a captain in the war of 1812, and was included in the sur- render of Detroit, and is supposed to have been killed before the close of the war. 34 342 MICHIGAK BIOGRAPHY. JAMES W. HICOCK Was born in Lansingburg, N. Y., Dec. 2, 1798, and received an aca- demical education. He studied law, then followed the life of a boat- man for many years. He settled with his family at Walton, Eaton county, Mich. , in 1836, and ploughed the first furrow in that town- ship. He farmed it until 1865, then removed to Charlotte. Has been postmaster, supervisor and held other local offices. He was Senator in 1853, as a Democrat. MELANCTHON W. HICKS, Representative from Oakland county in 1851, was born at Champlain, N. Y., July 14, 1805. By occupation a merchant, in politics a Demo- crat. He married Sarah Fox, of Champlain, N. Y., in 1831 and set. tied at Southfield, Oakland county, in 1844; was supervisor in 1847-9- 50; and town clerk in 1846. He moved to Wenona (now West Bay City) in 1867, where he engaged in the flour and feed business. Died Nov. 20, 1867. SAMUEL HIGBY Was born at New Hartford, N. Y., in 1813. Studied law, was ad_ mitted to the bar, and settled in practice at Jackson, Mich., in 1838. He was recorder of Jackson; probate judge and prosecuting attorney of Jackson county; president of the village of Jackson; and judge of the circuit comprising Washtenaw, Jackson and Ingham counties from 1869 to 1873, when he resigned. As counsel and in chancery practice he stood for many years at the head of the Jackson county bar. Died May 12, 1876. HIRAM HIGLEY, Representative from Oakland county in 1835-6, was born in East Windsor, Conn., March 5, 1804. By occupation a tanner, in politics a Democrat. He settled in Rochester, Michigan, in 1827, removed to Leipsic, Ohio, in 1853, and died there January 8, 1860. He held several local offices in the town of Avon. OLIVER HIGH, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1857, was born in the state of New York in 1811. He was an early pioneer in Washtenaw county and a highly respected citizen. By occupation a farmer, politically a Democrat. He died in Sharon, October 17, 1870. MICHIGAl^ BIOGRAPHY. 343 BENJAMIN L. HILL Was born in Elkland, Pa., December 18, 1813. He studied law at Norwalk, Ohio, in 1839-40, and studied medicine in 1843-3. He was appointed demonstrator and assistant professor of anatomy in the Eclectic Medical of Cleveland, Ohio, and after that became a professor in the college. He became a resident of Michigan in 1860, and in 1861-2 was a Representative from Saginaw county. In 1863 he was appointed consul to Nicaraugua, but resigned in 1865. He wrote two large volumes on surgery, and several other medical works. Died at Marysville, California, May 13, 1871. E. PARKER HILL, Representative from Van Buren county in 1877-79, was born in Yates county, N. Y., May 11, 1819. In 1825 he removed to Water- ville, N. Y., where he received a common school education. In 1856 he removed to Davenport, Iowa, and from thence, in 1858, to Decatur, Michigan, where he has since resided. He has held the oflSice of supervisor for five years in succession. He was register of deeds for Van Buren county, one term. At the organization of the first national bank of Decatur, he was elected cashier. He is at present engaged in the hardware business. In politics a Republican. FREDERICK H. HILL, Representative from Lapeer county in 1882, was born in Lyndon ville, N. Y., November 29, 1852. He removed to Kalamazoo, Michigan, in 1858, where he attended school until 1864, then moved upon a farm in Calhoun county, where he remained until 1870, when he settled at Attica, Lapeer county, and went into business as a dealer in lum- ber and grain. He removed to Council Bluffs, Iowa, whore he now resides, and is a wholesale dealer in hardware. He was treasurer of Attica three terms, and a member of the school board for five years. Politically a Republican. JAMES W. HILL Was a native of New York, born about 1794. He located a farm in Washtenaw county in 1831. As a Democrat he was a Representative in 1835-6. He built the first house and barn in what is now the town of Freedom, kept the first school, entertained the first minister, and the first sermon was preached in his house. He lived many years at Prescott, Wisconsin, and died in 1864, at Clinton, Michigan. 344 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. LOYAL W. HILL, Representative from Clinton county in 1887, was born in Minerva, N. Y., July 9, 1843. He came to Eagle, Michigan, in 1854, where he has resided ever since. He had no school advantages until he was twenty-three years of age, when he entered the Portland union school. He afterwards taught school eight winters. He was a student in the law department of the Michigan University in 1878-9, and was admitted to the bar in 1879, and to practice in the United States courts in 1885. He was elected township clerk in 1869, school inspector in 1870, and justice of the peace in 1873. He has been supervisor in Eagle for the past four years. NICHOLAS R. HILL, Representative from Kent county in 1871-2, was born in Monroe county, N. Y. Lived in Ohio several years, but removed to Nelson, Kent county, in 1856, and platted and named the village of Cedar Springs. Held the office of supervisor several terms, and was for many years a justice of the peace. . SAMUEL W. HILL, Representative from the upper peninsula in 1867, '71-2, was born at Starksboro, Vt., Nov. 6, 1815. He was well educated and taught school several winters. He became a surveyor, and as a topograph- ical engineer in the* army, was engaged in the survey of lake har- bors and internal improvements until 1845, then was associated with Dr. Houghton in the geological and lineal survey of the upper peninsula, and completed the work unfinished by Dr. Houghton, in 1846. Afterwards was in the employ of government in the same work, and made the survey of Isle Royal. He was for many years manager of the interests of mining corporations. He saw the first log cabin built, and the first ton of copper and iron mined in the upper peninsula. A Republican in politics. Lives at Marshall winters and spends his summers in the upper peninsula. EMANUEL HIMEBAUGH, Representative from Branch county in 1883, was born in Columbia county. Pa., Feb. 27, 1822. He moved with his parents to Niagara county, N. Y., in 18 3, and to Michigan in 1836, settling in Bronson, Branch county. He has since that time continued a resident of MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 345 Branch county, engaged in farming, and of late years has also engaged in raising, fatting, and shipping live stock. He was a fusionist in politics. THEODORE H. HINCHMAN, < Senator from Wayne county, in 1877, was born in Morris county, N. J., March 6, 1818. He removed to New York city in 1825. Mr. Hinchman received a common school education, and for five years was employed as clerk there. In 1836, he removed to Detroit to engage with Chapin & Owen in the drug and grocery business, and in 1842 became a co-partner. He is President of the Merchants and Manufacturers' Bank. He was for five years sewer commissioner, and for ten years fire commissioner. In politics a Democrat. In 1886 he was a member of the semi-centennial commission. He has lately written a valuable book on banking and bankers of Michigan. HENRY H. HINDS, Senator from Montcalm and Ionia counties in 1873-4, was born Oct. 9, 1840, near Montrose, Pa. He received an academic education. In 1861 he enlisted as sergeant in the 57th Pennsylvania infantry volun- teers, and took part in many battles. He was a prisoner for 20 months, being confined at Libby, Dansville, Va., Macon, Ga., Charles- ton, Va., Columbia, So. Carolina, and Goldsboro, where he was paroled and entered the union lines, March 1st, 1865. He was mus- tered out of service July, 1865, as captain. He engaged in the dry goods trade at Little Meadows, Pa., but came to Michigan in 1866, settled at Stanton, and continued in the mercantile business. He is also in the real estate and lumber business and fine stock raising. A Republican in politics. JAMES W. HINE, Senator from Kent county in 1883, was born in West Meredith, N. Y. , in 1846. He received an academical education, served in the army, and settled at Lowell, Mich., in 1867. He was three years in the drug trade, then purchased an interest in the Lowell Journal, became edi- tor, and in 1873 sole proprietor. He removed to Detroit after his senatorial term and is now one of the editors of the Detroit Tribune. MILTON B. HINE, Senator from'Kent county in 1879, was born at Meredith, N. Y., Feb. 2, 1828, where he resided until 1847, when he removed to Cannon, 340 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. Michigan, where he still resides. He received a common school and academic education. He has always been a farmer and has held the position of president and treasurer of the farmer's mutual fire insur- ance company of Kent county for many years. In politics a Green- backer. JAMES H. HITCHCOCK, Representative from Cass county in 1881-2, was born in East Aurora, N. Y. , Jan. 5, 1826. Educated in common schools, he settled in Cass county in 1831. He was in California, mining, 1852-5. Has been supervisor and held many other local offices. A Republican in poli- tics. JOHN P. HITCHINGS Was born in Onondaga, N. Y., May 20, 1810. By occupation a farmer and teacher, politically a Democrat. He settled in Pulaski, Jackson county, in 1837, serving there as supervisor several terms. He was Representative in 1851. He removed to Illinois before 1861, went to the war as captain of an Illinois company, and had a son killed in the war. He now resides at Harrel, Montgomery county, Illinois. DANIEL HIXON, Representative in 1843 and 1855, and Senator in 1853, was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., October 17, 1801, and died February 3, 1870. A farmer, and politically a Democrat. He located at Tecumseh in 1826, and in 1828 was the first settler in what is now the township of Bridge water, where he resided until his death. He was a colonel in the Black Hawk war, a delegate in the constitutional convention of 1867, and a justice of the peace. RICHARD M. HOAR, Representative from Houghton county in 1873-4, was born in the county of Cornwall, England, in 1830. He received a common school education. In 1854 he emigrated to the United States and settled in Houghton, Michigan. He was formerly president of Houghton vil- lage. In business a merchant. Republican in politics. NORTON P. HOBART, Repiesentative from Calhoun county in 1849, was born in Middlesex, N. Y., in 1816. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Republican. I MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 347 He came to Athens, Calhoun county, in 1833, was supervisor in 1848, and also held the position of postmaster. Still resides in Athens. HIRAM C. HODGE, Senator from Jackson county, in 1879, was born Feb. 22, 1821, at Stamford, Vt. In 1822 he removed with his parents to Adams, Mass. , and in 1836, to Pulaski, Michigan. He received a common school education. He is a lawyer by profession and by occupation a farmer and while located in Nevada 'county, Cal., was county treasurer and prosecuting attorney. He was elected to the lower house in 1872 for a special session. He was a delegate from Michigan to the Balti- more convention in 1872. In politics a National. ISRAEL S. HODGES, Representative in Lenawee county in 1861-62, was born in Onondaga county, N. Y., June 29, 1801. By occupation a farmer and lumber- man, in politics a Republican. He came to Michigan in 1835, and is now living at Blissfield. BRADSHAW HODGKINSON, Representative from Wayne county in 1863-4, was born in Stafford, England, May 20, 1815. He learned the trade of a hatter, came to this country in 1837, and is a farmer in Canton. He was super- visor cwelve years, and nine years a superintendent of the poor, later clerk and book-keeper of that board. In politics a Democrat. JOHN HOLBROOK, Senator from the counties of Ingham and Shiawassee in 1887, was born Oct. 1, 1848, in North Chili, Monroe county. New York. By occupation he is a farmer. He was a school teacher twelve years: has held the offices of supervisor, township clerk, township treasurer and lecturer of the Michigan state grange two years, and for the same years has been overseer of that organization. He was elected on the republican ticket to the Senate of 1887-8 by a vote of 7,163 to 6,569 for Henry H. Pulver, and 1,649 for George W. Phelps, prohibitionist. He is now a deputy oil inspector. EBENEZER G. D. HOLDEN Was born in Kirkland, Ohio, February 18, 1834. His father settled in Byron, Kent county, Michigan, in 1845. The son at the age of 348 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. seventeen left home to care for himself. He learned the trade of a carpenter, qualified himself for college, and was a student in Knox college, Illinois, for two and a half years. He studied law and was admitted to the Kent county bar in 1859. In 1863 he was elected prosecuting attorney of Kent county and filled that position four years. For six years he was chairman of the Kent county republican committee, and for many years a school officer and trustee of Grand Rapids. In 1869 he, with his partner, organized the Grand Rapids savings bank, the first in the city. In 1874 he was elected secretary of state and was re-elected in 1876, serving four years. Has always been a Republican. Is now engaged in law and insurance business. CHARLES E. HOLLAND Was born at Indianapolis, Ind., June 30, 1835. In 1853 he went to Ontonagon, where he lived five years. He returned to Indianapolis in 1858, and in 1862 settled at Hancock, Michigan, where he lived until the fall of 1886. He now resides in Detroit. As a resident of the upper peninsula he was a merchant, and actively engaged in developing its resources. His energy and perseverance led to the building of the railroad from Hancock to Calumet, of which he was long president and manager. He also placed Ontonagon in tele- graphic communication with the business world. As a Republican he was Representative in 1871-2. He was a member of the state republican committee some years. ISAAC T. HOLLISTER, Senator from Clinton and Ingham counties in 1857-B, was born in Sharon, Conn., Nov. 29, 1801. He resided in that state until 1824, and became a physician, and was in practice forty years. He settled in Victor, Mich., in 1846. He was a justice thirty years and has held other local positions. A Whig, then a Democrat, a Republican since 1854. At the age of 85 attended the legislative reunion in 1886. JOSEPH A. HOLLON, Representative from Saginaw county in 1875, was born in Utica, N. Y., Dec. 9, 1842. He removed with his parents to Michigan in 1843, and settled in Calhoun county. He made abstracts of the records of Jackson, Calhoun, Kalamazoo and Van Buren counties, was after- MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 349 wards cashier of the first national bank of Paw Paw, and removed to Saginaw in 1866. He was a banker and an alderman in East Sagi- naw, also controller. In 1872 was democratic candidate for state treasurer. In politics a Democrat. Deceased. JOSEPH H. HOLMAN, Representative from Oakland county in 1885, was born at Greencastle, Pa. , July 28, 1843. He came to Michigan in 1866. Mr. Holmes served in the late war, in the 126th Pennsylvania volunteers, and Mississippi squadron. He is a lawyer at Rochester, Oakland county, and was elected to the legislature on the fusion ticket, receiving 2,755 votes to 2,533 for Mark Walter, Republican, and 201 for Nathaniel J. Millard, Prohibition. ALFRED HOLMES Was born in Charlton, N. Y., March 22, 18D5. He removed to Chautauqua county, N. Y., in 1834, and from there to Livingston county, Michigan, where he remained six years, and from thence to Tuscola, then in Saginaw county. He was a mechanic, and served an apprenticeship at blacksmithing, made pails, tubs, boots, shoes, wagons, framed buildings, and worked at joiner and mill-wright business, and became a miller. In politics a Democrat. He was a Representative in 1849. CHARLES D. HOLMES Was born in West Boylston, Mass , July 20, 1814, and received an academical education. In 1833 his father and himself located the farm in Albion, Mich., where he resides. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1867, and register of deeds of Calhoun county from 1873 to 1877. In politics a Republican. SILAS M. HOLMES Was in the fifties a leading dry goods merchant in Detroit. He was nominated in 1854 on the first republican state ticket, was elected state treasurer, and was re-elected in 1856, serving from 1855 to 1859. He removed from Detroit to San Francisco many years ago, and is still engaged in business in that city. 35 350 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. HENRY H. HOLT Was bom at Camden, Oneida county, N. Y., March 27, 1831. He received an academical education, studied law, and graduated from union law college in Ohio; came to Michigan in 1857; was admitted to practice and settled at Muskegon, which has remained his home. He has been circuit court commissioner four years, prosecuting attorney four years, Representative in the legislature for 1867-69-70-71-72-79, and lieutenant governor from 1873 to 1877. While in the legislature he was chairman of the committee of ways and means for four years. He has always been a Republican, and is a gentleman of good ad- dress and fine ability. He is now engaged in the practice of the law at Muskegon. He was again a member of the House in 1887, and was chairman of the committee on railroads. SAMUEL R. HOOBLER, Representative in 1 887, from Alcona, Arenac and Iosco counties, was born in Middleton, Ohio, October 24, 1844. Taught school in Ohio, and came to Bay City in 1868, and has been engaged in schools, and is a farmer near Worth, Arenac county. Has held local positions. He was elected as a Fusionist. JOHN G. HOOD, Representative from Monroe county in 1861-2-3-4, was born in Seneca county, N. Y., August 3, 1810. He came to Michigan in 1845, and settled on a farm in Ash, Monroe county, which he had located in 1836, where he lived until his death, April 5, 1880. He was super- visor and town clerk several years, and held other town offices. In politics a Republican. AZEL HOOKER, Representative from Monroe county in 1839, came to Petersburgh, Michigan, from Penn Yan, N. Y., in 1832, and was then about thirty years old. He was a merchant, and a Whig. Was a justice for several years. Moved to Bujffalo, N. Y., in 1840, engaged in the transportation business, and nothing further is known of him. CORTEZ P. HOOKER Was born at Hampton, N. Y., in 1814, and was a descendant of Rev. Thomas Hooker, who came to New England in 1632. He came to MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 351 Michigan in 1837, and located lands in Clinton, Macomb county, and after three years went to Washington, same county. After 1851 he lived at New Baltimore. He was Representative in 1850 and State Senator in 1855. He was a leading merchant for a few years, later, for many years one of the most prosperous farmers in the county. FRANK A. HOOKER was born at Hartford, Connecticut, January 16, 1844. In 1856 he removed with his parents to Maumee City, Ohio, and continued there and at Defiance until he entered the law department of Michigan University, from which he graduated in 1865. He practiced law at Byron, Ohio, one year, and in 1866 Removed to Charlotte, Mich., where he has since resided. In 1867 he was elected superintendent of schools for Eaton county. In 1872 he was elected prosecuting attor- eny for that county, and re elected in 1874. After his second term of that office expired he continued the practice of law until 1878, when, upon the resignation of Circuit Judge VanZile, he was appointed by Governor Croswell to fill the vacancy. In the fall of 1878 he was elected to fill out the term of six years. He has held various offices of a municipal and local character. He was re-elected judge in 1886. GEORGE H. HOPKINS, Representative from Detroit, in 1879, &1-2-3, and speaker pro tern in 1883, was born in White Lake, Mich., Nov. 7, 1842. In 1862, while a student at the state normal school, he enlisted in the 17th Michigan infantry and served till "the close of the war. He graduated at the state normal school in 1867, from the law department of the University in 1871, and is now in practice in Detroit. He was four years private secretary to Gov. Bagley and Gov. Croswell, and has served as chairman of the state republican committee. HARVEY J. HOPKINS, Representative from Saginaw county in 1881-2, was born in Oneida county, N. Y., April 15, 1830, and was a resident of Oakland county, Mich. , in 1835, and after a residence in other parts of the state in 1871 in Saginaw county. With a common school education he was a teacher from 1853 to 1861, and served as ^ soldier from 1861 to 1865. He was several years in the hardware trade, but Jmost of the time a farmer. Held many local offices, and is a Republican in politics. 352 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. MOSES B. HOPKINS. Representative from Ottawa county in 1867, was born in Huron county, Ohio, June 16, 1820. He was a descendant of Stephen Hop- kins of the Mayflower, and of Stephen Hopkins, of Rhode Island, one of the signers of the declaration of independence. By profession a lawyer, politically a Republican. He was admitted to the bar at Geneva, 111., in 1849, and settled at Grand Haven in 1851. He held the several positions of justice of the peace, circuit court commissioner, prosecuting attorney, and circuit judge. He died at Grand Haven October 24, 1869, while filling the position of circuit judge. SAMUEL W. HOPK[:>iS, Representative from Isabella and Clare counties, in 1877 79, was born in the town of Exeter, R. I., April 1, 1845. When eleven years of age he moved to Connecticut and worked on a farm summers and taught school winters, and acquired an academical education. In 1866 he graduated from the union business college in Cleveland, Ohio, and from the law department of the University of Michigan in 1872. He was admitted to the bar in Grand Rapids, and removed to Mount Pleasant and began practice, which he still continues. He has been several times a member of the board of education, town clerk, and justice. In 1874 he was elected prosecuting attorney. In politics a Republican. JOHN SCOTT HORNER Was born at Warrenton, Va., December 5, 1803. He was the third son of Dr. Gustavus Brown Horner, assistant surgeon, and nephew of Dr. Gustavus Brown, surgeon general of the revolutionary army. He graduated from Washington college. Pa., in 1819, and practiced law in Virginia until 1835. On the 9th of September, 1835, President Jackson appointed him secretary and acting governor of the territory of Michigan, inclusive of Wisconsin and Iowa. In November, 1835, the people of Michigan elected a legislature and state officers, with Stevens T. Mason as governor, although not admitted by congress as a state, and hence refused to recognize the authority of Governor Horner. He was subsequently secretary of Wisconsin, arjd was a man of ability and integrity. Subsequently he became register of the Green Bay land office, and held that position thirteen years. He founded the city of Ripon, Wisconsin, naming it from the home of his ancestors in England, and lived to old age respected and honored. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 353 ROSWELL G. HORR, Hepresentative in congress from 1879 to 1883, was born in Waitsfield, Vt., Nov. 26, 1830. In 1834 removed with his parents to Lorain county, Ohio, and worked on a farm until nineteen years of age; graduated at Antioch college in 1857; was clerk of the court of com- mon pleas for six years; practiced law two years; was six years in charge of a lead mining company in Missouri; and has been a resident of East Saginaw since 1872; for some years engaged in lumbering and banking. He was defeated for congress in 1884 and 1886. A fine speaker, logical and convincing, and has a national reputation as a humorist. In politics a Republican. DEXTER HORTON, Representative from Genesee county in 1869-70, was born in Grove- land, Mich., in 1837. With a common school and academical educa- tion, he settled at Fenton, Mich., in 1859, and was postmaster in 1861. He enlisted in the 5th Michigan cavalry, and rose to the rank of major, serving until 1865. Was again postmaster at Fentonville, now in the agricultural implement business. Has been supervisor, and held other local positions, and was a delegate in the republican national convention of 1868. FRANK H. HOSFORD, Representative from Wayne county in 1887, was born at Henrietta, Ohio. He removed to Michigan with his parents in 1868, settling at Lowell, Kent county. He studied law at Lowell and Grand Rapids, and then entered journalism on the now defunct Grand Rapids Times, and served successfully in advancing positions on the Leader, Eagle, and Democrat of that city. In 1882 he was interested in the Kalamazoo Daily Commercial as editor and part owner. In 1883 he went to Detroit and entered the service of the Free Press. He has been city editor and assistant editorial writer of that journal. Mr. Hosford received the complimentary vote of the union Senators in 1885 for secretary of the senate. As candidate for Representative he received 12,208 votes. ORAMEL HOSFORD Was born in Thetford, Vt., May, 1820. His parents removed to Ober- lin, Ohio, in 1834, and he was educated in Oberlin college. He came 354 MICHIGAN" BIOGEAPHY. to Olivet in 1844 as professor of mathematics and philosophy. In 1851 he was elected superintendent of public instruction, and held that position eight years. He was an efficient officer, and had the full confidence of the people of Michigan. In 1875 he was for some time president of Olivet college. He has been a member of the state geo- logical board and of the state board of agriculture. He helped organ- ize the republican party and has always acted with that party. His wife was Atta Heallen, of Oberlin, Ohio. He is still professor in Olivet college. ORCOTT V. HOSNER, Representative from Leelanaw and Benzie counties in 1873-4, was born July 26, 1849, in West Bloomfield, Michigan. He was mainly educated at the state normal school. In 1870 he removed to ;^rank- fort, Benzie county, and purchased an interest in the Frankfort Weekly Express. He held several official positions in Frankfort. Deceased. LAUREN HOTCHKISS, Representative from Lenawee county in 1838, settled in Adrian, Mich., as early as 1833, and came from the state of New York. He built a house in Adrian and lived there several years. He then became a resident of Medina, where he died about 1855. He was a Baptist preacher, and was also engaged in milling business. THEODORE G. HOUK, Representative from Oceana county in 1885 and 1887, was born in Seneca county, Ohio, August 2, 1833. Removed to Kent county in 1850. He has followed various occupations, farming, ship and house carpentering, brick making, and sailing. Enlisted as a private in Co. A, old third Michigan volunteer infantry, in the spring of 1861; re-enlisted in the fall of 1863; was promoted to the rank of corporal; was wounded at Cold Harbor, Va., June, 1864, and honorably dis- charged in August, 1865. Returned to Kent county and engaged in farming. Removed to Oceana county in the spring of 1873. Has been elected supervisor seven years in succession. Has held the office of justice of the peace and school inspector. He was elected Representative by a vote of 1,289 to 1,120 for William E. Thorp, Fusionist, and 496 for David L. Gower, Prohibitionist. A Republican. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 356 DOUGLASS HOUGHTON Was born in Troy, N. Y., Sept. 21, 1809. He graduated at the Van Renssalaer school in that city in 1828, and was appointed assistant professor of chemistry and natural history in that institution at the age of twenty. At the age of nineteen he had been admitted to prac- tice medicine. In 1830, at the request of Gen. Cass, Major Biddle and others, he came to Detroit to deliver a course of public lectures on chemistry and geology, the commencement of his brilliant career in Michigan. He soon received the appointment of physician and botanist in the expedition organized by Henry R. Schoolcraft for the discovery of the source of the Mississippi. His labors did much to extend the knowledge of the flora of the northwest. From 1832 to 1836 he practiced as a physician and surgeon in Detroit, and made great sacrifices to aid the sick and dying during the visitation of the cholera in 1834. In 1837 he matured the scheme for the geological survey of Michigan, and on the passage of the law, due to his indi- vidual exertions, he was appointed state geologist, and entered upon his great work with enthusiasm. His researches and discoveries are familiar to the public. Much of this work was done in the Lake Superior region, and it was on that lake that he was unfortunately drowned October 14, 1845. ELISHA J. HOUSE. Representative from Van Buren county in 1857, was bom in Chester- field, N. H., Nov. 29, 1813. A merchant and a Republican. He came from Leroy, N. Y., to Paw Paw in 1842, and was intimately connected with the growth of the village and surrounding country for many years. Later he made his residence in Kalamazoo and Detroit. JULIUS HOUSEMAN, Of Grand Rapids, was born in Zeckendorf, Bavaria, Germany, on the 8th of December, 1832. He received a common school education and commercial training in his native town. Mr. Houseman emigrated to the United States in 1851, and engaged in mercantile pursuits until 1876 (twenty-four years in the city of Grand Rapids); since that time he has been principally occupied in the manufacture of lumber. He served eight years as alderman, and two terms as mayor of Grand Rapids. He was a Representative in the legislature in 1871-72. He was the candidate for lieutenant governor on the democratic ticket in 1876. He was elected to the United States congress in 1882, on the 356 MICHIGAN BIOGKAPHY. union ticket, receiving 10,725 votes, to 16,609 for his republican com- petitor, William O. Webster, and 336 for Wm. H. Taylor, greenback. JOHN HOUSTON, Representative from Calhoun county in 1875, was born May 10, 1824, in Monroe county, N. Y., removed to Michigan in 1833, and settled in Fredonia, Calhoun county. He is a farmer by occupation, and vice president of the national city bank of Marshall, and was for four years sheriff of Calhoun county. In politics a Republican. CYRUS HOWARD, Representative from Wayne county in 1848, was born in Massachu- setts in 1791. He settled in Dearborn in 1830, and died there in 1850. He served as justice and supervisor at various times, was associate judge of the county 1837-41, under the judicial system then prevail- ing, and second judge under the county court system, 1840-50. He was a farmer by occupation, and a Democrat in politics. 4 HARVEY H. HOWARD, Representative from Van Buren county in 1881-2-3, was born in Monroe county, N. Y., September 6, 1825, received a common school education, moved to Bloomingdale, Mich., in 1851, and still resides there. He has been supervisor and justice several terms, and held other local offices. Is a farmer and a Republican in politics. HENRY HOWARD, Representative from St. Clair county in 1873-4-5, was born March 8, 1833, in the city of Detroit, Mich. He received his education in com- mon schools. He removed with his parents to Port Huron in 1834, where he now resides. He has been alderman ten years, and vice president of the first national bank of Port Huron. By occupation a lumber merchant, in politics a Republican. HENR^ HOWARD, The first state treasurer under the state government, 1836-9, and audi- tor general 1839-40, was born in Hinsdale, Mass., September 15, 1801. He was by profession a banker and business man, and came to Detroit in 1827 and engaged in the lumber business in company with Ralph MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 357 Wadhams. He served as alderman in Detroit 1833-4, and as mayor in 1837. He removed to Buffalo, N. Y., in 1840, and was for nearly thirty years treasurer of the Buffalo savings bank, and died in Buffalo July 15, 1878. His political lot in Michigan was cast with the demo- cratic party, but in later life he was a Republican. JACOB M. HOWARD, A distinguished lawyer and statesman, was born in Shaftsbury, Vt., July 10, 1805. His father was a farmer and the sixth in desc*»nt from William Howard, who settled in Braintree, Mass., in 1635. In early life Mr. Howard worked at farming, then fitted for college and grad- uated at Williams college in 1830. He studied law, removed to De- troit in 1832, and was admitted to the bar in 1833. In 1835 he mar- ried Catherine A. Shaw, of Ware, Mass. As a lawyer Mr. Howard was soon recognized as faithful, industrious, learned, sagacious and logical. He strongly supported the claims of Michigan to the disputed territory on the Ohio border, and enlisted in the Michigan troops that mustered on the border line. In 1838 he was a leading member of the Michigan House, took an active part in the revision of the laws, in the railroad legislation of the state, and in the exhaustive examina- tion of the "wildcat" banks tliat had been established under the free banking law. In 1840 he was nominated by the whigs as their candidate for congress, and was elected by 1,500 majority. Took little part in debate as a member, but was a careful and attentive observer. He took an active part in support of the whig candidates in the campaigns of 1844-8-52. In 1854 he united with whigs and free soilers to effect a union, which was accomplished at Jackson July 6, 1854, the resolutions adopted being drawn by Mr. Howard, and the party taking the name of republican. He was elected attor- ney general and held that position for three terms with great ability. The registration law, effective in the prevention of election frauds, was drawn by him. In 1862 he was elected United States Senator to fill the va- cancy caused by the death of Gov. Bingham, a position he fiUed most ably until 1871, having been re-elected in 1865. He was an active member of the judiciary committee and that on military affairs. His speeches were logical and able, and attracted general attention. He favored the constitutional amendment abolishing slavery and drafted the first and principal clause as it now appears. In an able argument he demonstrated the authority of congress to be supreme and exclusive in the reconstruction of seceded states, and was one of the joint committee on reconstruction in 1865-6. He was 36 358 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. chairman of the Senate committee on Pacific railroads, which he held until the close of his term. In the winter of 1870-71 he refused the presidency of the southern claims commission. He died of apoplexy at Detroit, April 2, 1871. In 1847 he translated from the French the secret memoirs of the Empress Josephine. His name will always stand among the first in the roll of Michigan. JOSHUA HOWARD, Representative from Wayne county in 1838-40, was born in Easton, Mass. , April 13, 1793. He was a lieutenant in the 9th U. S. infantry and served in the war of 1812. He came to Detroit in 1815, and was lieutenant of ordnance, was promoted to captain, and served at many posts in the states, coming back to Detroit in 1830, and super- intended the building of the arsenal at Dearborn. Resigned in 1835, and returned to Dearborn. He served as lieutenant colonel in the Mexican war and was made a colonel. He was paymaster in the army in 1861-5. He was supervisor several terms, marshal of Michigan in 1841-4, sheriff of Wayne county 1855-7. He removed to Detroit, where he died July 12, 1868. In politics Whig, then a Republican. MANLY D. HOWARD, Representative from Ottawa county in 1863-4-5, was born in West Winfield, N. Y., August 31, 1817. His father served in the war of 1812. The son received his early education at Fredonia academy, N. Y. He came to Detroit in 1836, studied law, clerked in a commission house, and served two years as deputy U. S. marshal. From 1842 to 1847 he was a member of a produce and commission house. He removed to Ann Arbor and in 1854 to Holland and engaged in the lumber business. In 1867 he opened a law office in connection with land collections and insurance business. In politics a Democrat. ORRIN H. HOWARD, Representative from St. Joseph county in 1865 and 1867, was born in Bolton, Conn., July 13, 1812. A farmer, politically a Republi- can. Settled in Florence, Mich., in 1832, and was one of the first assessors of the town, and for twelve years a justice of the peace. Lived on his farm forty-five years. Died November 19, 1875. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 359 SUMNER HOWARD, Representative from Genesee county in 1883, and speaker, was born in Massachusetts in 1836; a farmer and lawyer; in politics a Republi- can; U. S. judge in Arizona several years; later engaged in practice there. Has been prosecuting attorney and held other positions. WILLIAM A. HOWARD Was born at Hinesburg, Vt., April 8, 1813. His parents were poor, and his early life was a protracted struggle. Physically not strong enough for farm labor, he journeyed to Albion, N. Y. , apprenticed himself to a cabinet maker, and worked diligently at the trade until nineteen. He then attended an academy at Wyoming, N. Y., for three years, then entered Middlebury college in 1831 , and graduated in 1835. He taught school in Genesee county, N. Y., and came to Michigan in 1840, making his home at Detroit. He was engaged as a mathematical tutor in a branch of the State University, com- menced reading law with Witherell & Buell, and was admitted to the bar in 1842. From that time until 1854 he was in active legal practice, a portion of the time as the partner of Alexander W. Buel. In 1854 he was|elected to congress, and in that campaign established a reputation as a first class orator, and was constantly called for in every campaign up to 1876. In 1856 he was again sent to congress, and in 1858 received his seat for the third term, the certificate of elec- tion having been first given to Geo. B. Cooper, his competitor. As a congressman from the first he took a leading position, and was second on the committee of ways and means for two terms. He was, with John Sherman and Mordecai Oliver, a special committee appointed by the House to investigate the troubles in Kansas, which were then the prominent topic of national discussion. Of this committee he was chairman, and the investigation was full and complete, making a volume of 1,300 pages, and was one of the ablest reports ever made to congress. In 1861 he was appointed postmaster of Detroit and held the posi- tion for five and a half years, until removed by Andrew Johnson. In 1869 he was appointed minister to China, but declined the position. The same year he was appointed land commissioner of the Grand Rapids & Indiana railroad, which he held until 1877. He was then appointed governor of Dakota, and ably filled the position. Among other positions filled by him was that of chairman of the republican state central committee] from 1860 to 1866, and for several years member of the national republican committee. He was originally a 360 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. Whig, but strongly anti-slavery in his sentiments. He was dele- gate at large in several national conventions. He was a leading Republican from the organization of that party until the day of his death, which occurred at Washington, April 10, 1880. In 1841 he married Ellen Lane Burchard, who survived him. He left four adult children. In religion he was a member of the Presbyterian church. He was perhaps the ablest Representative Michigan has had in the House. ABEL N. HOWE, Representative from Jackson county in 1883, was born in Newstead, N. Y., October 15, 1841. Received a common school education, and settled in Jackson county, Mich., in 1854. He is a farmer. Held several local offices, and served in the House as a National. JOHN HOWE, Representative from Livingston county in 1857, was born in Dalston, England, April 9, 1814. He came to this country with his father in 1821. He lived in New York city and Yonkers, N. Y., until 1833, when he settled in Deerfield with his father, on a farm of six hundred acres. He received a good common school education and became a prominent man. He was supervisor many years and town clerk. ORIN HOWE Was bom in Danbury, Conn., in 1786. He settled in Lodi, Michigan, in 1824. He was a delegate to the first constitutional convention of 1835, and was Representative in 1835-6-7-43. He was speaker pro tern, in 1835 and 1836. He was postmaster at Lodi from 1827 to 1848, and from 1831 for many years was a justice. Democrat in politics, a high Mason, and in religion a Universalist. Died February 12, 1848. ANDREW HOWELL Was born at Covert, New York, December 18, 1827. His father, Joseph Howell, a member of the first constitutional convention of this state, removed to Macon, Lenawee county, in 1831. Judge Howell commenced the study of the law with F. C. Beaman, at Adrian in 1850, and graduated at the law school of the Cincinnati college in 1853, taking the first honors of his class. He was admitted to the bar at Adrian in 1854, and practiced law there with Judge MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 361 Beaman, and afterwards with R. R. Beecher. He was elected circuit court corquiissioner of Lenawee county in 1858, and for two terms thereafter. Was a member of the Senate in 1865, and again in 1867. He has edited and pubhshed several editions of the justice's guide, and of Tiffany's criminal law, and is the author of a compilation of the general laws of the state, known as Howell's annotated statutes of Michigan. He was elected circuit judge in 1881, entering upon the duties of his office on the first of January, 1882. He resigned in 1887 as judge, and is now engaged in law practice in Detroit. GEORGE HOWELL, Of Tecumseh, Senator from Lenawee county in 1887, was born at Macon, Michigan, November 4, 1836. His early life was spent on the farm. To the occupation of farming he added surveying. After a preparatory course in the schools, he entered the State University and graduated from the medical department in March, 1863. He then commenced the practice of medicine in his native town, and after twenty-three years of practice there moved to Tecumseh, where he now resides. He was elected on the republican ticket a Repre- sentative for 1883-4, and re-elected for 1885-6, and was elected to the Senate by a vote of 5,491 to 5,025 for Henry C. Hall, Fusionist, and 1,077 for Cornelius Quick, Prohibitionist. WILLIAM T. HOWELL Was born in the stace of New York in 1811. He came to Jonesville, Mich., in 1836. He was by profession a lawyer, in politics, first a Democrat, after 1854 a Republican. He was Representative in 4842, and Senator from Hillsdale county in 1843-4-5 and 6. He was also Representative from Newaygo county in 1861-2-3-4. After a few years' practice at Jonesville, he removed to Hillsdale, thence to Jack- son in 1853, and from there to Newaygo. He held the position of United States judge in the territory of Arizona. He was also county judge of Hillsdale county in 1847. He was president jpro tern, of the Senate in 1845, and was speaker pro .fern, in 1861-2-3 and 4. Died April 3, 1870. SIMPSON HOWLAND, Representative from Kalamazoo county in 1875-7,. was born May 18, 1822, at Stillwater, N. Y. His education was that of common schools . He removed to Ross, Kalamazoo county, in 1836, and has since resided 36:i MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. there. He has held a number of township offices, including super- visor and justice. He is a farmer and the proprietor of a flouring mill and a saw mill. In politics a Republican. BIRNEY HOYT Was born October 13, 1841, at Sinclairville, New York. In 1845 his parents moved to Farmington, Mich. ; in 1852 to Detroit, and in 1857 to Grand Rapids. He attended the public schools. In 1862 he enlisted in company A, sixth Michigan cavalry, and served to the end of the war as sergeant and first lieutenant, taking part in the Gettysburg, Shenandoah and Appomattox river campaigns; was twice wounded, — once severely in the left shoulder, — and was a prisoner of war in Libby prison. He attended the law department of the University during the winter of 1865-6, and was admitted to the bar in 1866. He practiced law at Grand Rapids up to 1871; held the office of city recorder for four years; was elected Circuit judge in 1871, upon the creation of the seventeenth circuit, and in 1 875 was re-elected for the full term. HERBERT H. HOYT, Representative from Saginaw county in 1877, was born in Ashville, N. Y., Sept. 4, 1840. At an early age he removed to Panama, N. Y. He received a liberal education and graduated at the Cleveland law college in 1862. He was admitted to practice in Ohio. He came to East Saginaw in 1862 and soon obtained a lucrative law practice. He was elected judge of the recorder's court in 1866, alderman in 1869-71, and mayor in 1874. He was delegate to the Cincinnati convention in 1876. In politics a Republican, but later a Greenbacker, and a can- didate of that party for congress. JAMES M. HOYT, Senator from Oakland county in 1879, was born at East Aurora, N. Y., Oct. 5, 1817. He received a fair education, studied medicine and graduated at Geneva in 1839. Settled in practice at Commerce, Mich., in 1840, removed to Walled Lake in 1842, where he still resides. Is a Democrat. JOHN P. HOYT, Representative from Tuscola county in 1873-4-5, was born in Austin- burgh, O., Oct. 6, 1843. He served during the war in the 87th Ohio MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 363 infantry, and rose to the brevet rank of major. He was educated at Oberlin college, and graduated at the law college at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1867. In 1867 he engaged in practice at Caro, Mich., and was prosecuting attorney. He was a federal judge in a western territory for several years, where he still resides. WILLIAM C. HOYT, Representative from Detroit in 1871-8, was born in Montgomery county, N. Y. , Sept. 3, 1815. With an academical education he became a teacher, then studied law and was admitted in 1888. He settled at Milford, Mich,, in 1842, and there practiced law until 1853, when he removed to Detroit, his present residence. He was for three years a county judge of Oakland county. Retired from business in 1874. A Democrat until 1854, since a Republican. COLLINS B. HUBBARD, Representative from Wayne county in 1881-2, was born Feb. 8, 1852, in Detroit. He is the son of Bela Hubbard, who removed from Utica, N. Y., and settled there in 1835. He received a liberal education in Michigan and Massachusetts. He lives in Springwells, and is engaged in real estate transactions and building, and also owns and operates a large stock farm ten miles from Detroit. In politics a Democrat. GILES HUBBARD, Senator from Macomb county in 1865, was born in Marbletown, N. Y., in 1817, and died at Mt. Clemens Nov. 6, 1876. He learned the cooper's trade and followed it some years. "Settled at Mt. Clemens in 1837, and became a leading lawyer there. He also dealt largely in real estate. He was prosecuting attorney, collector of internal revenue, and presidential elector in 1868. He was one of the founders of the republican party. JOHN H. HUBBARD Was born in Waterloo, N. Y., Jan. 27, 1828. He was educated at Lima seminary, and removed to Waterloo, Michigan, in 1850, where he still resides. For many years he was engaged in milling and farming, but now devotes his entire time to farming. He was super- visor six years, town clerk three years, and has held many minor offices. He is a Democrat, and was a Representative in 1869-70. 364 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. LEONIDAS HUBBARD, Representative from Hillsdale county in 1875, was born in Portage county, Ohio, in 1822. He acquired his education principally by his own exertions, and for several years engaged in teaching school. In 1851 he removed to South Wright, Hillsdale county. In 1856, he went to California, and engaged in mining and hunting. He returned in 1859. He held the position of supervisor five years and treasurer two terms. A farmer by occupation. In politics a Republican. JAY A. HUBBELL, State Senator from Houghton, Ontonagon, Baraga, Keweenaw, and Isle Royal counties in 1887, was born at Avon, Michigan, Sep- tember 15, 1829; graduated at the University of Michigan in 1853; was admitted to the practice of law in 1855; removed to Ontonagon, Mich- igan, in November, 1855; was elected district attorney of the upper peninsula in 1857, and again in 1859: removed to Houghton, Michigan, in February, 1860; was elected prosecuting attorney of Houghton county in 1861, in '63, and in'65; was engaged in the practice of law until 1870, and has been identified with the development of the min- eral interests of the upper peninsula; was appointed by the governor of Michigan in 1876 state commissioner to the centennial exhibition, and collected and prepared the state exhibits of minerals; was elected to the 43d, 44th, 45th, 46th, and 47th congresses from the ninth con- gressional district of Michigan, and in 1884 was elected state Senator and re-elected to the present Senate by a vote of 3,977 to 2,568 for C. C. Palmer, fusionist. He has always been an active Republican in politics. SARDIS F. HUBBELL, Representative from Oakland county in 1851, was born in Newburg, Ohio, June 10, 1820. He attended common and select schools. Re- moved to Hartland, Mich., in 1835, where he assisted his father, who was a hatter, until he was nineteen. He commenced the study of medicine but abandoned it after one year. Studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1846. He commenced practice at Milford, but removed in 1854 to Howell. He served as circuit court commissioner; six years as prosecuting attorney; was five years president of the village of Howell; and several terms director and moderator of school board. He was a Democrat in politics. Died June 16, 1887. MICHIGAIT BIOGRAPHY. 365 ISRAEL HUCKINS, Representative from Sanilac county in 1867, was born in London, Ontario, July 11, 1822. By occupation a farmer, politically a Repub- lican. He came to Michigan in 1839, and settled at Lexington, where he now resides. He was treasurer of Sanilac county from 1856 to 1860, and was captain in the 10th Michigan infantry from Oct. 1, 1861 to Sept. 25, 1864, when he resigned. BRADLEY P. HUDSON, Representative from Calhoun county in 1853, was born in Alban> , N. Y., April 28, 1826. By profession a lawyer, in politics a Whig. Came to Michigan in 1834; graduated at the Albany law school in 1848; located at Galena, III., in 1849; and at Marshall, Mich., in 1850. Died April 22, 1853. JONATHAN HUDSON, Representative from Wayne county in 1850, was born in Reading, Pa., January 10, 1813. His early education was academical, and his profession at first that of a Methodist minister, although his subse- quent occupation was mercantile. He was chaplain of the first Michigan cavalry (Col. Broadhead's), 1861-64, serving during the time, however, a six months' captivity in Libby prison. Was mustered out of the service in 1864 with impaired health, and resumed business at Newton, where he died Jan. 7, 1876. Was republican in politics. JAMES HUESTON, Senator from Wayne county in 18S3-5, was born near Newburg, N. Y., February 22, 1833. When young lived in Connecticut, and at the age of fifteen commenced the study of medicine. He lived in New York and Ohio, was a student in 1865 of the medical department of the University, and soon after commenced practice at Northville, where he still resides. A Democrat in politics. HENRY HUFF Was born in New Jersey, July 29, 1817. At the age of seven he removed with his parents to Ontario county, N. Y., and in 1834 set- tled on a farm in Fayette, Mich., where he lived until his death, Nov. 26, 1877. He was nine years supervisor, and in 1871-2 was a Repre- sentative in the legislature, as a Republican. 3? 366 MICHIGAN^ BIOGRAPHY. GEORGE HUGGETT, Representative from Eaton county in 1875, was born at Pittsford, N. Y., June 27, 1843. In 1854 he removed to Michigan, settling first in Calhoun county, where he was educated in the common schools. He enlisted in the first Michigan cavalry in 1865, and served one year. In 1867 he began the study of law; in 1870 he was admitted to the bar. He has held the office "of circuit court commissioner, justice, and trustee of Bellevue village, where he now resides. In politics a Republican. ROSSEL B. HUGHES, Representative from Eaton county in 1871-2, was born in Camillus, N. Y., October 4, 1828. He came to Michigan in 1840. From 1850 to 1852 was in California. Came back to Bellevue and was a merchant. In 1861 became second lieutenant in the 2d Missouri cavalry, " Mer- rill's Horse," a regiment made up of a battalion from Michigan, one from Ohio and one from Missouri. He retired at the close of the war with the rank of captain, and engaged in mercantile business at Bellevue. In 1875 removed to Big Rapids, and is the station agent of the Grand Rapids & Indiana railroad in that city. EDWIN J. HULBERT, Representative from Houghton county in 1875, was born at Fort Brady, Michigan, April 30, 1829; educated at Michigan University, and adopted the profession of mining engineer and explorer. During the pursuit of his vocation he discovered in 1864 the celebrated Calumet & Hecla vein of copper, organized the companies and opened the TYLER HULL, Representative from Eaton county in 1883, was born in Auburn, Ohio, Oct. 10, 1840. Removed to Green Oak, Mich., with his parents in 1845, and to Windsor in 1850, where he now resides. Attended com- mon schools and Olivet college. Taught school eleven terms, studied medicine and is a graduate of the Detroit medical college. Has held several local offices and been assistant U. S. marshal. In politics a Republican. WILLIAM HULL Was bom in Derby, Conn., June 24, 1753; graduated at Yale college in 1772; was admitted to the bar in 1775, but soon after entered the MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 367 revolutionary army as a captain ; was rapidly promoted and became inspector of the army under Baron Steuben; participated in many battles, and was thanked by Washington for his services at Morris- iana. On the organization of the territory of Michigan, he was appointed its first governor, March 1, 1805, and held the position by re-appointments until he was superseded by the appointment of Gen. Cass in 1813. He surrendered Detroit in 1812 to the British without firing a gun, was court martialed therefor in 1814, at Albany, N. Y., and sentenced to be shot, but the sentence was remitted by President Madison. He published letters to vindicate his conduct in 1824. He died at Newton, Massachusetts, November 29, 1825. ELIJAH O. HUMPHREY, Senator from Kalamazoo county in 1863-4, was born in Caledonia, N. Y., August 1, 1821. By occupation a farmer, in politics Republican. He has filled important positions such as president and treasurer of the state agricultural society, and trustee of the insane asylum at Kalamazoo. Resides at Kalamazoo. JOHN HUMPHREY, Representative from Hillsdale county in 1845, was born in Hopewell, N. J., May 21, 1798. He learned the trade of a blacksmith, and worked at his trade in several places. In 1828 he established a foundry at Canandaigua, N. Y., which he carried on ten years. In 1828 he married Jane Hall. In 1838 he settled as a farmer at Wheat- land, Mich., where he died Oct. 15, 1870, survived by his wife, one daughter and four sons. Held many local offices, and was in poli- tics a Democrat. LEVI S. HUMPHREY, Representative from Monroe county in 1841-2, was a native of Ver- mont, and was a settler in Michigan at a very early day. He was many years the stage coach king of the lake country, and did more to improve the breed of horses than any other man in the northwest. He was for years engaged with Daniel S. Bacon, in mercantile pur- suits; was one of the commissioners to locate the Michigan Central and Southern railroads; was register of the government land office at Monroe, and United States marshal for Michigan. He was a large contractor on the Great Western and Grand Trunk railroads in 368 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. Canada. He was a mau of large stature, imposing personal appear- ance, and of gentle manners and kind heart. He died at Monroe in 1869. WILLIAM HUMPHREY Was born in Ontario county, N. Y., June 12, 1828. He came to Hillsdale county, Michigan, with his father in 1837. He worked on a farm, received a common school education, and was a student at Spring Arbor. When old enough he engaged in teaching winters. Prior to 1861 he was for several years clerk in a store in Adrian. At the beginning of the war he enlisted in the 2nd Michigan infantry, was appointed captain in May, 1863, was promoted to colonel, and in 1864 was made brigadier-general, and was in command of a brigade at the close of the war. He was engaged in many battles and was always at the front. At the close of the war he purchased an interest in the Adrian Watchtower, changing it to a republican paper. In 1866 he was elected auditor general, and held that office from 1867 to 1875, eight years. In October, 1875, he was appointed warden of the state prison, and held that office until 1883. He is now in business at Adrian, Mich. In politics a Republican. CLEVELAND HUNT, Representative from Wayne county in 1875, was born in Detroit in 1835. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1856, and has since chiefly devoted himself to chancery and estate practice. He has been a member of the Detroit board of education, and a director of the Detroit locomotive works and the Detroit ice company. In politics a Democrat. EDMUND W. HUNT, Representative from Eaton county in 1869, was born in Lodi, Mich., Oct. 14, 1828. He was brought up to farming, afterwards worked as a mechanic; settled on a farm in Benton, Mich., in 1863, enlisted as a private in the 13th Michigan, and became a lieutenant in the 1st U. S. engineers, and served until the close of the war. Removed to Dimondale in 1866, was the first postmaster there and a director of the Lansing branch of the Lake Shore railroad. He owned and operated flouring mills. In politics a Republican. MICHIGAK BIOGRAPHY. 369 JAMES B. HUNT Was born in New York in 1799; received an academical education; studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1834, commenced practice in the city of New York, and was a partner of Michael Hoffman. He removed to Michigan in 1836 and located at Pontiac. He was a dele- gate to the second convention of assent at Ann Arbor in 1836. He was prosecuting attorney of Oakland county by appointment of Gov. Barry from 1841 to 1843. In 1843 he was elected, as a Democrat, Rep- resentative to congress, and was re-elected in 1844, serving from Dec. 4, 1843, to March 3, 1847. His health failing, he returned to New York, and died at Washington, D. C, August 15, 1857. LEONARD H. HUNT, Representative from Kent county in 1887, was born in Manchester, Mich., Aug. 13, 1840. Removed with his parents to Lowell, Mich., in 1855, where he now resides. He received a common school education and was a drug clerk until he entered the army as 3d lieutenant 36th Michigan. He was wounded and promoted to be captain. Is now a druggist at Lowell. Has been supervisor and held other local offices. In politics a Republican. GEORGE M. HUNTINGTON Was born at Ludlowville, New York, March 30, 1886. In 1838 his father removed to Michigan and settled in Aurelius, Ingham county. At the age of fourteen he went to Rockford, 111., where he received an academical education. In 1855 he commenced the study of law at Mason with Hon. O. M. Barnes. Having been admitted in 1857 he formed a co-partnership with Mr. Barnes, which continued until 1866. After this he was associated with J. Barnes Root, and later with Hon. H. P. Henderson, of Mason. He continued the active practice of his profession until 1876, when he entered upon the duties of cir- cuit judge. He held the office of prosecuting attorney for Ingham county in 1863 and 1864. He was Senator for Clinton and Ingham counties in 1874. Having been elected circuit judge during the ses- sion of 1875, he resigned the Senatorship. He served as judge several years, and is now in practice at Mason. HOMER C. HURD Was born at Roxbury, Conn., August 23, .1808. He came to Michi- gan and purchased a farm in 1833, and settled upon it in 1833, in the 370 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. township of Burlington, Calhoun county, where he resided until his death, Feb. 12, 1873. He was a prominent citizen and was town clerk, and supervisor from 1844 to 1853. He was Representative in 1855 and 1861-2. He was first a Whig and Free Soiler, but a Republican after 1854. JOHN S. HURD, Representative from Jackson county in 1857, was born at Gorham, N. Y., June 2, 1815. He settled at Lima, Mich., in 1836, and removed to Jackson in 1841. He held the offices of supervisor and alderman, and was a leading business man, engaged in mercantile, live stock and real estate business. Built the Hurd house at Jackson. In poli- tics a Whig until 1854, then a Republican. Died Aug. 7, 1880. WILLIAM H. HURLBUT Was born August 25, 1819, at Richland, N. Y. At the age of sixteen he went to work at Hamilton, N. Y., where he stayed five years. In 1840 he located a farm in Bangor, Van Buren county. He afterwards exchanged for a large tract of land and became identified with all improvements in that part of the county. He was register of deeds from 1851 to 1853 and Representative in 1869-70-71-72. First a Dem- ocrat, then a Republican, then a member of the national or green- back party. ERASTUS HUSSEY, Representative in 1850, and Senator from Calhoun county in 1855, was born in Scipio, N. Y., Dec. 5, 1800. Brought up a farmer and became a teacher; removed to Plymouth, Mich., in 1824, and was a farmer until 1836; removed to Battle Creek in 1838 and was a merchant until 1847; then editor of the Michigan Liberty Press, an anti-slavery paper; had charge of the "underground railroad" and made it a success, sometimes taking forty slaves through in a body; was a delegate to the Buffalo convention of 1848; was county clerk, and president of the convention at Jackson in 1854, when the Republican party was organized and named; was mayor of Battle Creek, and delegate to the republican national convention in 1880. Deceased. BENJAMIN W. HUSTON, Representative from Tuscola county in 1869, 1870-1-2, and State Sena- tor in 1879, was born in Rochester, N. Y., March 5, 1831. In 1836 he MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 371 came to Michigan with his father, who settled at Canton. As a young man he worked at farming and taught school, and attended the Ypsilanti seminary several terms. Studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1854. In 1855 commenced practice at Vassar, where he still resides. Was appointed prosecuting attorney and elected to that office, and was circuit court commissioner on the democratic ticket. In 1862 he went into the service as captain in 23d Michigan, saw active service, became major, and served until January, 1865. In 1866 was elected circuit court commissioner and in 1867 was delegate in the constitutional- convention. He was speaker pro tern, in 1869,' 1871-2, and served as chairman of the judiciary committee. He was delegate to the republican national convention in 1872, and has sev - eral times been actively supported for a nomination to congress* A Democrat until 1860, since a Republican. ALLEN HUTCHINS, Representative from Lenawee county in 1835-6, came to Adrian, Mich., from Orleans county, N. Y., as early as 1832-3. He was a lawyer, and probably the first who settled in Lenawee county. He was ah active, prominent business man. In politics a Democrat. LOOMIS HUTCHINSON Was born in Smyrna, N. Y., April 21, 1818. He worked on his father's farm, receiving a common school education, and taught school winters, working on the farm summers. In 1844 he came to Michigan and bought a farm in Emmet, Calhoun county. He was supervisor of Emmet ten years, and Representative in 1869-70. First a Whig, since a Republican. BENJAMIN F. HYDE, Representative from Detroit in 1851, was born at Ferrisburg, Ver _ mont, September 24, 1819. He was of the well known Hyde family who gave their name to Hyde park in Vermont. He came to Detroit in 1846, studied law, was admitted to practice, and was for a time a law partner with Hon. Geo. Jerome. His tastes were more for politics than law. Was a democratic alderman in 1856. His political career terminated with his election as judge of the recorder's court, November, 1863. He filled the, office only from January 16, to May 16, 1864, when ill health compelled his retirement. He died July 8, 1865. 372 MICHIGAN BIOGEAPHY. CHARLES W. INGALLS. Representative from Ionia county in 1853, was born in Bristol, N. H., April 21, 1813. He came to Michigan in 1837. Most of the time a resident of Ionia county, now resides at Harbor Springs. Has served as supervisor and postmaster. By occupation a farmer, politically a Democrat. DANIEL F. INGALLS, Representative from Oakland county in 1840, came to Michigan about 1835, and to Oxford, in 1837. Politically a Whig. He was super- visor of Oxford in 1838-9-41, and town clerk in 1844. He removed to Ohio and died there. He built a foundry at Oxford with Benjamin Knight, and a cannon cast at their foundry was used at many cele- brations in Oxford. JOHN N. INGERSOLL Was born May 4, 1817, in Westchester county, N. Y. He moved to New York city when young, and lived for a time with an uncle in Connecticut. At the age of thirteen cominenced to learn the printer's trade in New York city, and worked with Horace Greeley, with whom he was always on familiar terms. In 1837 he came to Detroit, was a compositor in the Free Press office, and then foreman in the office of the Advertiser. In 1839 he became editor of the Mt. Clemens States- man, then published the St. Clair Banner from 1842 to 1846. He then started the Lake Superior News. He was a clerk in the legisla- ture, and in 1848 secretary of the Senate. In 1849 he was a Repre- sentative from Chippewa county. He then became editor of the Detroit Daily Bulletin, and of the Hesperian, a monthly magazine, organ of the Odd Fellows; was manager of the Detroit Daily Times; editor and publisher of the Rochester, N. Y., Tribune; then from 1858 to 1862 editor and publisher of the Owosso American; then until 1866 publisher of the Shiawassee American at Corunna; then started the Shiawassee Journal. In 1861-2 he was Senator. He was a Democrat until 1858, then a Republican. He was four times mayor of Corunna; was justice of the peace, postmaster, and United States assessor. He was a Representative in 1869-70. He was a leading Odd Fellow, and held the highest office in the grand lodge and the grand encampment. For the last years of his life he was blind. Died at Corunna, May 13, 1881. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 373 SILAS IRELAND, Representative from Berrien county in 1877, was born November 10, 1818, in Concord, Ohio. He received his education mostly by his own exertions, and came to Michigan in 1839. In 1842 he removed to a farm near Berrien Springs. He held the office of supervisor in Ber- rien township five years. He was superintendent of the poor for twelve years. By occupation a farmer and surveyor. In politics a Republican. WILLIAM W. IRWIN, Representative from Wayne county in 1853, was a native of Penn- sylvania, born in 1811, and was a farmer by occupation. He was supervisor of Springwells, 1851-55. He died in 1855. Politics demo- cratic. NELSON G. ISBELL, Secretary of State from 1859 to 1861, was born in Charleston, N. Y,, February 18, 1820. Received an academical education and settled at Howell, Mich., in 1844, engaging in mercantile business. He was justice, soon became a farmer, and was supervisor, town clerk, and Senator in 1848-9-50-51. He was one of the first board of control of the state reform school. From 1861 to 1869, except a short interval, he was collector of customs at Detroit. Died at Lansing in 1878. In politics a Whig, a Republican after 1854. In 1848 he was the only Whig in the Senate. He was a resident of Lansing for several years prior to his death. EDWIN B. ISHAM, Senator from Menominee, Delta, Marquette, Houghton, Keweenaw, Chippewa and Schoolcraft counties in 1873-4, was born May 9, 1819, in the town of Canaan, Conn. He received a common school educa- tion. In 1868 he emigrated to Michigan, and settled in Negaunee, Marquette county. Occupation mining and iron manufacture. SAMUEL G. IVES, Representative from Livingston county in 1857, was born in Lansing N. Y., Dec. 21, 1812. Settled on a farm in Unadilla, Mich., in 1835. He was a republican elector in 1872. He was a commissioner to locate, and a trustee of the Pontiac asylum. Removed to Chelsea, 374 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. Mich. , in 1876, and has been president of that village. In politics a Republican. ANDREW JACKSON, Representative from Cheboygan, Mackinac, Chippewa and School- craft counties in 1879, was born Oct. 29, 1844, in Henry county, Ohio; received a high school education at Toledo; entered the army in 1861; was promoted gradually to the rank of Ist lieutenant and adjutant, and resigned on account of wounds in Aug., 1863. He re-enlisted as private in 1864, and served through the war, receiving the rank of brevet major. In 1872 he removed from Louisville, Ky. , to Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. He was chairman of the board of supervisors in 1877. Occupation, government and railroad contractor. Politics democratic. WILLIAM JAY, Senator in 1863-4-5, from Washtenaw county, was born at Penning- ton, N. J., July 22, 1820. He was a clerk two years in New York city, then became one of the firm. He was a merchant at Trenton, N. J., filled several city offices, was a member of the New Jersey legislature in 1855, and a delegate to the first republican national convention in 1856. He settled on a farm at Whitmore Lake, Mich., in 1859. In 1869 he removed to Emporia, Kansas, and has been twice mayor of that city. He is president of the citizens' bank of Emporia, and a prominent and successful business man. HENRY H. JENISON, Senator from Ingham and Clinton counties in 1883, was born in Eagle, Clinton county, Michigan, September 25, 1842, where he has since resided. Occupation, farming. He was elected to the Senate by 1,189 majority over his republican competitor. WILLIAM F. JENISON, Representative from Clinton county in 1863-4, was born in Byron, N. Y., Dec. 12, 1812. Attended common schools, and the college at Brockport, N. Y. Taught school seven years. Settled as a farmer in Eagle, Mich., in 1837, where he still resides. He was supervisor ten years, held many town offices, and was for four years sheriff of Clin- ton county. He kept a hotel for thirty years. He was a director of I MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 375 the Ionia and Lansing railroad, secured $10,000 subscription, and gave two years' time to secure the road. In politics a Democrat. WILLIAM B. JENKINS Was born in Greene county, Pa., Oct. 4, 1783. In 1799 he removed with his parents to the Cumberland valley, Tennessee. In 1804 the family emigrated to Greene county, Ohio. In 1825 he came to Niles. The next year he settled in Pokagon, Cass county, and his was the second white family in Cass county, the first being that of Uzziel Putnam, sr. He was the first justice in Cass county, and one of the first county judges under the territorial law. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1835. He was a man of remarkable memory, and kept a complete diary of events in his mind. He owned large tracts of land in Cass and Berrien counties. Died in 1847 at Berrien Centre, Michigan. BELA W. JENKS Was born at Crown Point, N. Y., June 6, 1824. He was educated at Charlotte, Vt., and settled at St. Clair, Michigan, in 1848. He be- came a successful merchant, and dealt in lumber and real estate. Has always been a Republican, has held several local offices, and in 1869, 1870-1-2 was Senator from St. Clair county. JEREMIAH JENKS, Senator from Lapeer, Sanilac and Huron counties in 1875, was born in Sullivan county, N. H., December 13, 1810. He received a common school education. He removed from Essex county, N. Y., to Michi- gan in 1854, and has ever since resided in this state. He was inspec- tor of customs from 1861 to 1864, and was also deputy collector of internal revenue two years. He has held various other oflfices of public trust, and is by occupation a lumberman. In politics a Re- publican. JOHN S. JENNESS, Representative in 1865, and Senator in 1867 from Lapeer county, was born at Newbury, Vt., April 27, i813. Was bred a farmer, then a clerk, and for thirty years a merchant. He opposed railroad aid in 1867, none of the thirty bills parsing over the veto of Gov. Crapo. He was president of the village of Almont in 1866-7. Now resides in Detroit. In politics Whig and Republican. 376 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. WILLIAM JENNEY, Secretary of State from 1879 to 1883, was born at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., June 18, 1837. In 1843 removed with his parents to Mt. Clemens, Mich., his present residence. He graduated at Brown University in 1859. In 18G1 went out as captain of a company in the 9th Michigan infantry, served four years, and became a major. Became a lawyer at Mt. Clemens, also engaged in farming. He was Senator from Macomb county in 1877, also colonel of state militia and aid-de-camp. A Republican in politics. IRA JENNINGS, Representative from Livingston county in 1839 and 1847, was a farmer and an early settler in the town of Green Oak, in 1836. He was supervisor of the town in 1844, and served eight terms in that capacity. Deceased. HIRAM JENNISON, Representative in 1853, from Ottawa county, was born in Canton, N. Y., May 11, 1813. A lumberman and farmer by occupation, a Demo- crat in politics. He came to Michigan in 1834. He was the first settler in Georgetown, Ottawa county, and for eleven years was supervisor of the township. The village of Jenisonville, in George- town township, was named after him. WILLIAM JENNISON, Circuit judge of the third judicial circuit (Wayne county), was born in Boston, Mass., Dec. 10, 1826. He prepared for college, but ill health prevented him from pursuing a college course. The years that would have been devoted to study were spent in contact with the practical business of mining and manufacturing, in which his father was engaged in Pennsylvania, his leisure hours, however, being given to personal study and culture. His legal education was acquired chiefly at the Harvard law school, from which he gradu- ated in 1850, subsequently spending a year in the office of the late Hon. A. D Fraser, of Detroit, From 1853 until his election as judge in 1882 he was in continuous practice in Detroit. He was reporter of the Supreme Court, 1865 to 1870, preparing for publication five volumes of reports. He served a year, 1869-70, as assistant U. S. district attorney, and one term, 1872-3, as member of the board of education. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 377 DAVID HOWELL JEROME, Governor of Michigan, 1881 to 1883, was born at Detroit, Michigan, November 17, 1829, and is the son of Horace and Elizabeth Rose (Hart) Jerome. His father died when he was an infant, and his mother removed to central New York, but in 1834 returned to Michigan and settled in St. Clair county, where Governor Jerome was educated. In 1853 he went to California and engaged in mining. In 1854 he set- tled in Saginaw and engaged in merchandise, and is still in the hard- ware trade. In 1862, under appointment of Governor Blair, he raised the 23d Michigan infantry in a short time, and was commandant of camp with the rank of colonel, until the regiment went to the field. In 1865 and 1866 he was military aid to Governor Crapo, and in 1865 was appointed on the state military board, of which he was member and president until 1873. In 1862 he was elected to the State Senate, and served six years, being chairman of the committee on state affairs throughout that time. He opposed municipal railroad aid and supported the vetoes of those measures. In 1873 he was appointed on the committee to revise the state constitution. He served several years on the board of Indian commissioners; was active in building the railroad from Saginaw to St. Louis, and long its president; also president of the Saginaw street railroad company ; also trustee of the Michigan military academy. In 1859 he married Lucy Peck, daugh- ter of E. W. Peck, of Pontiac. In 1880 he received the republican nomination for governor, and was elected by a large majority, serving from 1881 to 1883. He is a Republican in politics, in religion an Epis- copalian. He is still in the prime of life, and in active business at Saginaw. He always takes active interest in all matters pertaining to the intellectual and moral advancement of his fellow citizens. GEORGE JEROME, Senator from Detroit, 1855-7-8, was born in Tompkins county, N. Y., in 1824, coming with his parents to Michigan in 1827. His father, Horace Jerome, in connection with Thos. Palmer, built the first lum- ber mill in the West on Pine River in St. Clair county. Except some four years spent at the Kast in pursuing his education, he has lived continuously in Michigan since 1827, and in Detroit since 1844, having previously to that time lived in St. Clair county. He was admitted to the bar in Detroit in 1848. During his senatorial term he was chair- man of the judiciary committee. He has been the general attorney of the Detroit, Grand Haven & Milwaukee railway under all changes of management from 1859 to the present time. Was collector of cus- I 378 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. toms at Detroit, 1869 to 1875, when he was relieved at his own re- quest. He was one of the commissioners on the plan of the city, 1857 to 1869, and has held other positions of trust. Politically he graduated from the whig into the republican party. TIMOTHY JEROME, Representative from Saginaw county in 1857, was born in Trumans- burg, N. Y., Feb. 16, 1820. Occupation a lumberman, politics first whig, then republican. He came to Detroit in 1828, was an active business man and lumberman in St. Clair county until 1853, then removed to Saginaw, where he has since been a manufacturer of lum- ber and salt, also engaged in steamboating, mining in the western territories, and in cattle ranches. EDWARD JEWELL, Representative from Kent county in 1865-7, was born in Greene county, N. Y., Dec. 13, 1818. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Republican. Came to Michigan in 1855, and was four terms super- visor of Solon, Kent county. Present residence Petaluma, Cal. JOSEPH B. JEWELL, Representative from Newaygo county in 1877, was born in Grattan, N. Y., in 1826. From 1836 to 1856 he lived in Allegany county, N. Y. , working the last ten years as a carpenter and joiner. He settled on a farm in Newaygo county in 1856, and has been also engaged in lum- bering. Has twice served as president of the county agricultural society, several years as supervisor of Dayton, and has held other positions. In politics a Republican. GEORGE W. JEWETT Was born in Connecticut, and came to Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 1830 from Ohio. In politics a Democrat, by profession a lawyer. He was a member of the second convention of assent which met at Ann Arbor December 14, 1836, and accepted the terms prescribed for the admis- sion of Michigan as a state. He was also justice of the peace. Died at Ann Arbor before 1860. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 379 DANIEL JOHNSON, Senator from Saginaw county in 1853, was born in Haverstraw, N. Y., in 1821, and was a capitalist and lumberman. He came to Michigan in 1846, founded Zilwaukie, Saginaw county; was an extensive ship timber dealer in New York city, and also a leading lumberman in the Saginaw valley from 1847 to 1858. Died August 6, 1860. DANIEL F. JOHNSON Was born in Canton (now Cairo), N. Y., Jan. 29, 1801. In 1834 he settled on a farm in Groveland, Oakland county. He was supervisor in 1836, and in 1851. In 1840 he was representative in the legislature, elected by the whigs. He became a Republican in 1854. DAVID JOHNSON Was born in Sangerfleld, N. Y., Oct. 20, 1809. Removed to Genesee county, N. Y. , in 1824, studied law, and was admitted to the bar. He went to Painesville, O., in 1836, came to Michigan in 1837, and settled in practice at Jackson in 1838, where he died Aug. 28, 1886. He was in the first rank of lawyers; was prosecuting attorney; repre- sentative in 1845-7; judge of the Supreme Court 1852 to 1857; and democratic candidate for that position in 1857. He practiced at Jack- son 48 years. He had a strong constitution, an active temperament, was decided in his convictions, well versed in law, and a leader at the bar. He stamped his impress upon the early history of Michigan as on e of the ablest of the pioneers. FRANKLIN JOHNSON Was a native of Vermont. He became a lawyer and settled at Mon- roe, Mich., in 1835. He was city attorney of Monroe, prosecuting attorney and judge of probate. He was judge of the first circuit from 1863 to 1869. An able lawyer and judge. Died at Monroe, Oct. 11, 1870. J. EASTMAN JOHNSON Was admitted to the bar of St. Joseph county, Michigan, in 1837, and practiced law until his death, which occurred at Niles, March 14, 1888, at the age of 83. He had been a regent of the state University; pro- bate judge of St. Joseph county; and was a presidential elector in 380 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 1884. Politically a Republican. He was a distinguished Mason, was long secretary of the grand lodge, and had also been grand master. JAMES JOHNSON, Representative from St. Joseph county in 1883-5, was born in Sum- merset, Ohio, February 22, 1814; removed to St. Joseph county, Mich- igan, April 18, 1832. Occupation, farmer, lumber manufacturer, and dealer in real estate. In politics a Democrat. SAMUEL JOHNSON, Representative from Cass county in 1877-79, was born July 7, 1839, in Springfield, N. Y. He received an academical education, and grad- uated at Cazenovia seminary, N. Y. He removed to Michigan in 1864. He was elected township clerk six years; supervisor of Wayne township three years; county superintendent of schools in 1873. He was a teacher, but engaged in farming and the breeding of fine stock, in which he is deeply interested. He is a Republican. For several years past he has been a professor in the state agricultural college at Lansing. WELCOME W. JOHNSON, Representative from Kent county in 1877, was born at Williamstowri, Mass., Oct> 26, 1817. His parents removed to Oneida county, N. Y., in 1819. He came to Michigan in 1835. He received a common school education. He served several years as town treasurer in Dundee, Monroe county. In 1849 he united with the Michigan conference as a preacher, of which conference he is still a member and holds a supernumerary relation. He resides near Grand Rapids, where he has a farm, and preaches occasionally. In politics a Republican. DE GARMO JONES, Senator from Wayne and other counties in 1840-1, was born in Albany, N. Y., in 1787, and came to Detroit as a sutler in the army under Gen. Harrison in 1813, and subsequently settled there. He established a store and became a leading business man, and at a later date was prominent in the development of the Lake Superior copper mines. He was mayor of the city in 1839, several times alderman, and took an active interest in business, church and educational affairs, and left a valuable estate. He was a Whig in politics. Died in 1846. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 381 EDWARD L. JONES, Representative from Jackson county in 1850, was born at Chesterfield, Mass., January 1, 1814. Removed to the state of New York and became a clerk. In 1833 became clerk in the commercial bank of Cleveland, Ohio, and in 1838 cashier of the merchants and mechanics' bank of Monroe, Mich., which failed in 1840. Removed to Jackson, became a druggist, and sold out in 1849. From 1852 to 1859 was in the banking business at Cleveland, Ohio, then in same business at Milwaukee, Wis. , until 1863, then in the sanitary commission at At- lanta and Chattanooga until the close of the war; organized national banks at Atlanta and Columbus, Ga., but retired from business in 1879. Resides at Atlanta. First a Whig, since a Republican. GEORGE C. JONES, Representative from Ontonagon county in 1865, was born in Orleans county, N. Y., October 1, 1839. By occupation a lawyer, politically a Republican. He came with his father in 1843 to Springfield, Mich., where he lived until 1853. He studied law and settled in Ontonagon in 1854. Removed to Appleton, Wisconsin, in 1869, where he now resides. GEORGE JONES, Representative from Eaton county in 1853, was born in Manchester, N. Y., August 18, 1816. He came with his father'^ family to Novi, Mich., iu 1831. He was captain of militia in 1838. He removed to Oneida, Mich., in 1843, and settled near Grand Ledge, where he now resides. He has served nine years as supervisor, four years as town clerk and been a justice two terms. In politics a Democrat, by occu- pation a farmer. GILMAN C. JONES, Senator from Cass county in 1861-2, was born at Hopkinton, N. H., July 26, 1820, was brought up on a farm and became a teacher. He settled on a farm in Cass county in 1844, taught school, was a clerk, in 1850 became a merchant at Dowagiac, where he now resides. Has been president of the village several times, repeatedly a supervisor. He was a Republican, but since the war has affiliated with no political party. Is a dealer in wool. 39 382 AIICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. JOHN D. JONES, Representative from St. Clair county in 1877, was born in London, Ontario. January 17, 1825. He removed to DeKalb county, 111., in 1838, thence to St. Clait county, Mich., in 1843, and resides in Brock- way. He is engaged in lumbering and farming. He received a common school education. He has been supervisor for six terms, justice twenty-six years, school director twenty-three years, and held all town offices, except treasurer and clerk, for a number of terms. He has also been postmaster at Merrillsville twenty-three years. In politics a Republican. JOHN H. JONES Was born at Hopewell, N. Y., April 27, 1828, and was educated at the Genesee Wesleyan seminary at Lima, N. Y. He afterwards became a teacher. In 1854 he settled on a farm at Quincy, Michigan. For several years he was supervisor. In 1865-7 he was a Representa- tive, and Senator in 1869-70-75. He voted to sustain Gov. Crapo's position on railroad aid bills, and was one of five Senators who voted against the passage of the railroad law. He still resides at Quincy. RICHARD JONES, Representative from Barry county in 1867, was born in Otsego county, N. Y. He came to Michigan in 1848, and now lives at Battle Creek. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Republican. Has been super- visor and town clerk. WHITNEY JOISES, Auditor General, 1855 to 1859, was born in Chautauqua county, N. Y., May 2, 1812. He moved from New York to Michigan in 1839. He was a country merchant, and took up his residence in Delta, Eaton county. He was supervisor and postmaster; Representative for the counties of Eaton and Ingham in 1845-6; postmaster of Lan- sing, 1849 to 1853; auditor general two terms, from 1855 to 1859; state senator from Clinton and Ingham counties in 1859; United States aesessor for the third district, comprising the counties of Washtenaw, Jackson, Calhoun, Eaton and Ingham, 1862 to 1866; postmaster of Lansing, 1868 to 1871 ; and treasurer of Ingham county 1883 to 1887. He was a leading Whig until 1854, when he helped organize the republican party at Jackson, and was the first nominee of-th^t party MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 383 for auditor general. He supported Greeley in 1872, and eventually became a member of the greenback party. In 1887 he removed to Alameda, California. WILLIAM T. JONES, Representative from Mecosta county in 1885-7, was born in Water- town, Ontario, March 10, 1846, and has been a resident of Michigan since 1873. By occupation a lumberman. Mr. Jones has held various offices of public trust, among which are township and village treasurer, supervisor, superintendent of poor, village president, and president of the Mecosta county agricultural society. He was elected Representa- tive on the republican ticket by a vote of 2,141 to 1,366 for Joseph H. Kilbourne, and 271 for John S. Weidman, Prohibitionist. CHAUNCEY JOSLYN Was born at Throopsville, New York, June 28, 1813. Educated at Temple Hill, Livingston county. After leaving school he engaged in teaching for five years, when he began the study of law. In 1837 he removed to Ypsilanti. He was elected a Representative in 1843, a member of the state board of education in 1851, and judge of probate, Washtenaw county, in 1852. In 1853 he was appointed one of the commissioners to construct the St. Mary's falls ship canal. Was mayor of Ypsilanti in 1858. Mr. Joslyn was elected judge of the 22d judi- cial circuit in April, 1881. on the democratic ticket, and served until the close of 1887. JAMES F. JOY Was born at Durham, N. H., Dec. 20, 1810. He graduated at Dart- mouth in 1835, and subsequently at the Cambridge law school. In his junior years he was a teacher, and instructed classes at Dart- mouth, after graduating. He settled at Detroit in 1836, studied law, and became a partner of Geo. F. Porter, under the firm name of Joy & Porter. As a lawyer he was eminently successful. He early gave attention to banking, land and railroad interests, and his law practice was largely in those directions. In 1846 he was a principal agent in organizing the Michigan Central railroad company, and he was many years connected as attorney, counselor, director and president. He built the Chicago, Burlington <& Quincy, and the Hannibal & St. Joseph railroads, and in connection purchased for those companies 800,000 acres of valuable lands. The building of the Chicago & West 384 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. Michigan; the Jackson, Lansing & Saginaw; Detroit, Lansing & Northern; and Detroit & Bay City railroads, were greatly indebted to him for aid. Later he directed his attention to the Wabash, opening up a new route between Detroit and St. Louis. His success was largely due to the confidence eastern and foreign capitalists had in his saga- city and financial ability. He is still in the enjoyment of full physical and mental vigor. Formerly a Whig, later a Republican. A Repre- sentative in 1861-3, a regent of the University since 1881. ETHEL JUDD, Representative from Hillsdale county in 1855-7, was born in Herkimer county, N. Y., April 27, 1807. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Republican. He settled on a farm in Adams, Mich., in 1837, and built the first church and school-house in the town, also the first six frame dwelling houses. He was five years supervisor. He raised a com- pany for the 10th Michigan infantry in 1861, and went south with them, but returned in 1863 from ill health. He died Feb. 11, 1883. J. BYRON JUDKINS, Of Hersey, was born at Coldwater, Ohio, January 18, 1851; was edu- cated at the Celina union school and Liber college, Ind. ; moved to Michigan in 1870; studied law at Big Rapids; was admitted to the bar in 1874; settled in Hersey, September, 1875; was appointed judge of the nineteenth judicial circuit in March, 1880, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Hon. Samuel D. Haight, and was elected with- out opposition for the unexpired term, in November, 1880. In the spring of 1881 he was re-elected, without opposition, to the same office for the full term. MARTIN KALLANDER, Representative from the Ontonagan district in 1887, comprising the counties of Baraga, Isle Royal, Keweenaw and Ontonagon, was born in Swe'den, September 28, 1853. He landed in this country in 1873 and went direct to Eau Clare, Wisconsin, and continued a resident of that state until July, 1885, when he located at Bessemer, Michigan. His principal occupation has been that of railroad and timber contractor. He is running the largest boarding house at Bessemer, and is a leader of his fellow countrymen in that region. Mr. Kallander was MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 385 nominated for Representative by the labor party and then endorsed by the Democrats, the vote being 1,508 to 1,325 for George A. Royce, Republican, and 60 for Ole Michaelsen, Prohibitionist. JACOB KANOUSE Was born in Morris county, N. J., August 23, 1817. He came to Michigan at an early day and settled in Livingston county as a farmer. He is a resident of Cohoctah township; has held many offices, among them, justice, judge of probate four years, and was a special commissioner to take the vote of several Michigan regiments during the war. He was a Representative in 1861-2, as a Republican. EDWARD KANTER, Representative from Detroit in 1857, was born in Breslau, Germany, in 1824, and came to this state in 1842. From 1847 to 1867 was in active mercantile life, since has been at the head of a banking house, now the German-American bank, of which he is president. He was for five years an inspector of the Detroit house of correction, four years a member of the poor commission, and was a member and treasurer of the state commission to the New Orleans exposition in 1885. In politics a Democrat, four years a member of the state com. mittee and eight years of the national, twice on the electoral ticket, twice a candidate for state treasurer, and delegate to the national convention in 1876. He is president of a number of German societies. JONATHAN KEARSLEY Was born in Virginia in 1786, and graduated at Washington college in 1811. In 1812 he was appointed 1st lieutenant of the 2d artillery corps, and during the war held the positions of captain, major and assistant adjutant general. He was engaged in many battles, and lost a leg at Fort Erie. In 1817 was appointed receiver of taxes in Virginia, and in 1819 became receiver of the U. S. land office in Detroit, which he held for thirty years. He was also regent of the University of Michigan, mayor of Detroit, and judge of the recorder's court. A Democrat in politics. Died at Detroit in 1859. ROBERT C. KEDZIE Was bom in Delhi, N. Y., January 28, 1823. He graduated at Oberlin <;ollege in 1847, and from the medical department of the Michigan I 386 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. University in 1851. He settled at Kalamazoo, but in 1852 removed to Vermontville, where he remained until 1861, when he entered the army as surgeon of the 12th Michigan infantry. On his return he settled at Lansing, and has been professor of chemistry in the state agricultural college since 1863. He was for many years a member of the state board of health, and its president. He was president of the state medical society in 1874, is a member of various societies, and has a national reputation as the author of valuable papers on health, hygiene and agriculture. He was Representative in 1867 as a Republican. WILLIAM KEDZIE Was born in Scotland in 1771; came to America in 1795; made the first entry of public lands in Blissfleld (now Deerfield), Mich., in 1824, and settled upon it with his family in 1826. He was the first super- visor and postmaster, and assisted in organizing Lenawee county. He was appointed associate judge of Lenawee county November 27, 1827, and was re-appointed November 28, 1828. He died in 1828. RICHARD KEELER, Representative from Calhoun county in 1877, was born in Ridgefield, Conn., March 1, 1825. He moved to New York in 1834, and thence to Michigan in 1847. He received a common school education, and has been town clerk of Pennfield for twelve years. He is a farmer, in politics a Republican. ANDREW J. KEENEY, Representative in 1863-4, from Monroe county, was born in the state of Pennsylvania February 26, 1819. By occupation a farmer and stock raiser, and has been largely engaged in lake fisheries. Politi- cally a Democrat. Has been supervisor, justice, and held other positions. Came to Michigan with his father's family in 1828, and now lives in Erie, Mich. SALMON KEENEY Was bom July 24, 1794, in Wyoming county, Pa. Came to Michigan, and settled on a farm in Erie, Monroe county, in 1828. Was ap- pointed a judge of the county court the same year, and held that position until the organization of the state government. Was the MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 387 first justice of the peace in Erie, and held that position nearly all the time until his death in 1847. He was a Democrat, and prominent in all matters of public interest in the early history of the county and state. EDWIN W. KEIGHTLY Was born in Van Buren, Ind., A.ug. 7, 1843. He received an academi- cal education and graduated at the law department of the University in 1865. He engaged in law practice in St. Joseph county, and in 1872 was elected prosecuting attorney. He was appointed judge of the 15th circuit to fill a vacancy, and in 1875 was elected to that position for six years. In 1876 he was elected Representative to congress from the fourth district and served one term. He is now engaged in the practice of his profession. WILLIAM A. KEITH, Representative from Berrien county in 1883, was born in Indiana Feb. 26, 1843, and was educated in that state and in Illinois. Served in the tenth Illinois cavalry from Sept., 1861, to Jan., 1866, rising from private to captain. Then settled as a farmer in Berrien county, Mich. Politi- cally a Greenbacker. EDWIN KELLOGG, * Representative from St. Joseph county in 1850, was born in Sheffield, Mass., Feb. 17, 1803. He settled at White Pigeon in 1830. He was a merchant at Schoolcraft and Sturgis, and one of the firm of Kellogg & Brothers at White Pigeon engaged in merchandise and flour mill- ing. He removed to Kansas in 1854, where he was a farmer until his death, Jan. 6, 1876. FRANCIS W. KELLOGG; Was born in Worthington, Mass., May 30, 1810; received a limited education, and removing to Michigan, entered into the business of lumbering at Kelloggsville, Kent county. As a Republican he was elected to the legislature of 1857. In 1858 he was elected to the thirty -sixth congress as Representative from the third district of Mich- igan, and was re-elected in 1860 and 1862, serving from 1859 to 1865. During the rebellion he raised six cavalry regiments for the service. In 1865 President Johnson appointed him collector of internal revenue, for Alabama, and he was afterwards elected to congress from that state. 388 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. ^ JOHN R. KELLOGG Was born in New Hartford, N. Y. , in 1793, was a clerk as a young man, and from 1818 to 1836, a successful merchant at Marcellus, N. Y. Settled at Allegan, Mich., in 1836, where he resided until his death in 1868. He was a Representative in 1838, and for six years a member of the state board of education. He was an intimate friend of Seward and Cass, and kept up a friendly correspondence with them through life. He was largely interested in lands and acquired a competence. Often a delegate to state conventions, he had great weight in party counsels. A Republican in politics. A man of remarkably fine appearance, of genial nature, and greatly respected. OLIVER KELLOGG Was born in Sharon, Conn., Oct. 2, 1797. He came to Detroit, July 4th, 1832, and with an ox team conveyed his family to the western part of Washtenaw county. He purchased a large tract of land in Sharon. Held various positions of public trust, was associate judge under the county court system, postmaster, member of the legislature of 1837, justice, etc. He sold his farm and moved to Ann Arbor in 1856, where he died Feb. 24, 1859. In politics a Democrat. • SHIVERICK KELLOGG Was born in Murray, N. Y., Sept. 9, 1817. He was educated at Pots- dam academy, and settled as a farmer in Easton, Ionia county, in 1849. He held several local offices and was a Representative in 1871- 2-3 and 4. In politics a Republican. HARRISON KELL^ , Representative from St. Joseph county in 1859, was born in Jefferson county, Va., Nov. 28, 1797. A farmer, in politics a Whig, Abolition- ist, RepublicaD,and now a Greenback Prohibitionist. He came to Michigan in 1833, and purchased a farm in Burr Oak, on which he still resides. MARK N. KELLEY, Representative first district of Lapeer in 1885-7, was born at Pontiac, Oakland county, October 17, 1831. Mr. Kelley removed with his par- ents, in 1844, to Lapeer county, where he lias since resided. He received a common school education, and at an early age began MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 389 farming, which he followed until 1868, when he engaged in mercan- tile business. In 1873 he built an elevator at Metamora, still continu- ing farming, and is also engaged in the produce business. He has held the office of supervisor, township treasurer, and Representative in 1885-6, and was re-elected on the republican ticket member of the House of 1887-8, by a vote of 1,329 to 1,187 for J. M. Wattles, and 233 for Peter Hagle, Prohibitionist. ROBERT J. KELLEY, Representative from Alpena and other counties in 1877, was born in Monroe county, Mich., Sept. 3, 1844. He received an academical education, and in Sept., 1862, enlisted in company K, 5th Michigan cavalry, and served until the close of the war. He took a commer- cial college course in Detroit, graduated from the law department of the University in 1868, and commenced practice at Bay City, but since 1869 has been in practice at Alpena. NEWELL J. KELSEY, Representative from Calhoun county in 1883,was born at LeRoy, Mich. , June 20, 1843, received a high school education, and was a teacher at sixteen. He served in the war from Aug., 1861, to Sept., 1865, first in the 2d Michigan infantry, then " Merrill's Horse," 2d Missouri cav- alry, and rose to the rank of lieutenant. Now a farmer, in politics a Republican. Several years a supervisor, and chairman of the board. SULLIVAN R. KELSEY, Representative xrom Shiawassee county in 1847, 1859, 1861-2, was born in Fairhaven, Vt., Aug. 16, 1805. He was educated in private and common schools. He was clerk in a store, then engineer in a paper mill, and traveling salesman. At twenty -one he became a merchant in Fairhaven, and from 1831 to 1833 was in the same business at Brockport, N. Y. In 1833 he removed to Bloomfield, Mich., and opened the first store in what is now the village of Birmingham, where he continued in business for eleven years, and was postmaster from 1837 to 1844, He became a resident of Byron, purchased the water power, and, with B. W. Dennis, built and operated the Byron mills until 1856, then alone until 1858. He then engaged in the hard- ware trade until 1865 In 1864 he was elected judge of probate, and held that position from 1865 to 1881. He was eight years justice, nine years supervisor at Byron, and was alderman and mayor of Corunna. First a Whig, then a Republican. Died in 1886. 40 390 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHT. REUBENT KEMPF, Senator from Washtenaw county in 1885, was born in Pennsylvania. He has been a resident of Michigan for forty-six years. His former occupation was that of merchant, but he is now a banker. He has been extensively interested in the commercial affairs of Washtenaw county for thirty years. He commenced active work for himself as a tinner and gradually worked his way through the various stages of business enterprise, until he stands in the foremost rank among the commercial men of his county. He is a Republican. FRANK KENDRICK, Representative from Lapeer county in 1881, was born in Waterford, Maine. He removed to Michigan with his parents when about six years of age. Havm'g received an academical education he engaged in teaching. August 18, 1861, he enlisted as a member of Co, A, 5th Mich, cavalry, and served until the war closed, being discharged June 3, 1865. During his service he participated in forty battles; was wounded three times, and returned home in poor health and with a broken constitution. He engaged in farming, but was obliged to abandon that pursuit on account of his health. He then taught for three years, when his health failed no completely that he had to abandon all pursuits, and, for a number of years, was a confirmed invalid. In 1880 he was elected justice of the peace. Republican. Died Nov. 16, 1881. FREDERICK G. KENDRICK, Representative from Macomb county in 1869-70, was born in Ger- many, May 14, 1836. Came to Michigan in 1844. He was at first a farmer, then a merchant, and was in the lumber, sash and blind busi- ness for nine years. Was sheriff of Macomb county from 1870 to 1874. Has been a member of the Mt. Clemens board of education for nine years, and is president of the Mt. Clemens bitter water com- pany. Is now postmaster, and in politics a Democrat. LUCIUS KENDRICK, Representative from Lapeer county in 1869-70, was born at Darien, N. Y., Oct. 9, 1817, and settled in Lapeer county in 1836. He held several offices of trust in Dryden, and in the county. He was for niany years a local correspondent of the Detroit Tribune, and con- MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 391 tributed a valuable series of articles to the Lapeer Clarion of remi- niscences of Lapeer county. Died Oct. 12, 1883. A Republican in politics. FREDERICK A. KENNEDY, Jr., Representative from Jackson county in 1846, was born in Brighton, England, Feb. 18, 1811. He came to Pennsylvania in 1819, but soon removed to Lodi, N. Y. In 1831 became a farmer in Ridgeway, Mich. Settled in Hanover, Mich., in 1837, and was supervisor four years, justice eight years, and since 1875 superintendent of the poor. He is the county agent of the state board of charities. In politics a Demo- crat. FREDERICK A. KENNEDY, Sr., Was born in England, Dec. 27, 1785. He came to America in 1817, and resided in Pennsylvania and New York until 1831, when he removed to Michigan, settling in Lenawee county in what was after- wards called Ridgeway. He was a cooper by trade, but after coming to Michigan followed farming principally. In politics a Democrat, and in 1850 was a Representative in the legislature. In 1857 he removed to Jackson, where he resided until his death, Feb. 26, 1872. MUNNIS KENNEY, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1840, was born in New- fane, Vt. , Dec. 10, 1788. He received an academical education, was three years in Williams college, and the fourth at Middlebury, gradu- ating in 1809. Studied law, and was in practice at Townshend, Vl., and was a member of the Vermont assembly in 1816-17-21. He lived at Brighton, Mass., a few years, and in 1829 settled on a farm in Webster, Mich. He was an anti-slavery Whig, the founder of the Washtenaw mutual insurance company, and for many years its sec- retary. Died April 23, 1843. MYRON C. KENNY, Representative from Lapeer county in 1865, was born in Perry, N. Y., in 1823, and came to Michigan in 1842. By profession a physician, in politics a Republican. Received an academical education at Romeo, Mich., and taught several terms in Macomb county and at Lapeer. Studied medicine and went into practice at Lapeer in 1848, where he still resides. He was three years president of the village and twice 392 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. mayor of the city of Lapeer, school inspector seven years, and mem- ber of the board of education for sixteen years. Was a member of the constitutional convention of 1867. RICHARD KENT Was born in Newburyport, Mass., Oct. 30, 1786. He received a good academical education, taught school and practiced surveying several years. He was an early settler in Adrian, Mich., where he followed farming and was Senator in 1853. He was also supervisor and held other town offices. Died in 1867. WILLIAM A. KENT Was a Representative from Branch county in 1838. He was a typical pioneer; full of force and energy. A leader in the democratic party until the time of his death in 1862. He was associate judge under the old system, and was known as Judge Kent. JOHN KENYON Was born in Queensbury, N.Y., July 28, 1806, came to Tyrone, Mich., in 1840, purchased a farm, and followed that occupation for life. For nine years supervisor of the township. In 1849 he was a Representa- tive, and Senator in 1855. He died November 12, 1874. In politics a Democrat. BENJAMIN B. KERCHEVAL, Senator from Wayne and other counties in 1838-9, and president pro tern, in 1839, was born at Winchester, Va., April 9, 1793, and was the son of an officer of the revolution. Came to Detroit at an early age. In 1821 he was appointed pension agent of Indiana, and removed to Fort Wayne, but returned to Detroit, where he died, March 23, 1855. He was a member of the first convention of assent; alderman in 1830; director of the Detroit & St. Joseph railroad company in 1835; trus- tee of the Detroit savings bank ; a corporator of the Peninsular bank in 1849; and for many years a forwarding and commission merchant, doing business at the foot of Woodward avenue. A daughter is the wife of Moses W. Field. In politics a Democrat. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 393 DANFORTH KEYES, Representative from Lenawee county in 1875, was born in Ashford, Conn., May 37, 1816. He received a common school education, removed to Clinton, Michigan, in 1836, and has since resided there. He was supervisor of Tecumseh in 1863-4-5, and after the division of the town in 1869 was supervisor of Clinton in 1869-70. Engaged in the milling business, and also a grain dealer. In politics a Demo- crat. HENRY C. KIBBEE, Senator from Macomb county in 1851, was born in Orange county, Vt., October 22, 1818. He came to Michigan in 1839, and commenced milling in 1844 at Mt. Clemens. He was contractor for the Erie and Kalamazoo canal in 1847, and in 1849 contractor for the Buffalo & Black well canal, N. Y. In 1851 re-organized the bank of Macomb county, and was president, vice president and cashier until 1858, when he sold out and went into the lumber firm of Kibbee, Fox & Co. In 1861 was a large contractor in buying horses for the army, and in 1863 was elected cashier of the first national bank of Detroit. In 1857 was appointed pension agent, and served through, the term of Buchanan. Also organized the banking firm of Duncan, Kibbee & Co. Not in active business since 1867. In politics a Democrat. PORTER KIBBEE, Commissioner of the state land office from April 2, 1850, to December 31, 1854, was born in Orange county, Vt., in July, 1813. He came to Michigan in 1836, and for many years was a resident of Mt. Clemens. He was for two terms judge of probate for Macomb county. He held a partnership with his brother in flouring and lumber mills, the firm being P. & H. C. Kibbee. In 1858 he was elected president of the bank of Macomb county. By occupation a merchant, in politics a Democrat. Is now an invalid and resides at Detroit. RUFUS KIBBEE, Senator from Lenawee county in 1846-7, came from the state of New York, and was a physician and druggist at Canandaigua. He re- moved to Coldwater about 1867, where he died about 1883-4. In politics a Democrat. 394 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. JOSEPH H. KILBOURNE, Representative in 1847-9, from Ingham county, was born in West- bury, Lower Canada, May 8, 1809. He settled in 1839 in Meridian, Michigan, where he now resides. Was postmaster in 1840, in 1844 county superintendent of the poor, and supervisor in 1846-7. He is said to have been very effective in the removal of the capital from Detroit to Lansing. A farmer and a Democrat. He was a colonel of militia in 1848. SAMUEL L. KILBOURNE, Representative from Ingham county in 1875, was born near Toronto, Canada, in 1839. He removed with his father to Detroit in 1839, and to Okemos, Ingham county, in 1841. He received an academical education at the agricultural college. He graduated from the law department of the Michigan University in 1860, and commenced the practice of his profession in Lansing, where he still resides. In 1861 he edited the Lansing State Journal, in 1868-9 was clerk of the Supreme Court. He has been city attorney two terms. In politics a Democrat. He has an extensive practice, and is one of the law firm of Kilbourne & Humphrey. JOHN KILLEAN, Representative from Kent county in 1887, was born at Buffalo, N. Y. , November 27, 1831 , and has been a resident of Michigan since 1864. Formerly his occupation was varied, but at present a grocer. He has been alderman of Grand Rapids twice, president of the common coun- cil three times, and member of the police and fire commission. He was elected Representative on the fusion ticket by a vote of 4,149. WILLIAM M. KILPATRICK, Senator from Livingston and Shiawassee counties in 1881-2, was born at Middlesex, N. Y., Dec. 25, 1840. He received an academical edu- cation, and was a teacher. He graduated at the law department of the University in 1866, and is in practice at Owosso. He has been city attorney two terms, twice supervisor, mayor of Owosso, and prosecuting attorney two terms. Has also been chairman of the republican county committee, and a member of the state committee. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 395 EBENEZER C. KIMBERLY, Representative from Shiawassee county in 1851, was born at Mansfield, Conn., Oct. 9, 1777, and died at Corunna, Michigan, July 8, 1856. He came to Corunna in 1840, as the agent of Trumbull Cary, an exten- sive land holder, and devoted himself to that business as a resident. EDWARD KING, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1881-2-3, was born in Lon- don, England, September 12, 1830, and came to this country with his father in 1833. They resided in New York city until 1837, when they settled at Ypsilanti, Mich. He was engaged in mercantile business until 1867, when he purchased the farm upon which he has since lived. In politics a Democrat. GIDEON G. KING Was born in the state of New York, about 1820, came with his father from Lima, N. Y., to Ypsilanti in 1837, and removed to Amboy, Hillsdale county, in 1841. He was supervisor of Amboy six years. By occupation a farmer, in politics first Whig and then Republican. He was Representative in 1855. He died at the age of 39. JOHN B KING, Representative from Monroe county in 1850, was born in the state of New York in 1798. Came to Michigan in 1832, and settled on a farm in Summerfield, Monroe county. He was town clerk, supervisor, jus- tice nine years, and held other town offices. He removed to Raisin- ville where he was supervisor, justice, and overseer of the poor. A Democrat until 1856. Died March 26, 1857. NATHAN G. KING, Senator from Jackson county in 1873-4, was born in Nassau, N. Y., Feb. 25, 1819, received a common school education, and prepared for college under private instruction; was engaged in extensive mercan- tile operations in early life, but in 1843 commenced the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1846. Commenced the practice of his profession in Albany, N. Y., in company with Hon. S. H. Hammond, and afterwards had for his partner Hon. Henry Hogeboom. He emi- grated to Michigan in 1856, and settled in Berrien county. In 1865 he 396 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. removed to Brooklyn, Jackson county, where he now resides. Politi- cally a Republican. SOLOMON O. KINGSBURY, Representative from Kent county in 1867, was born in Connecticut, May 2, 1812, his father's family soon after removing to Painesville, Ohio, where he received a common school education. In early life he was a clerk. He became a resident of Grand Rapids at an early day and was a merchant. He was elected county treasurer in 1848 and 1850, serving four years, then resuming mercantile business. In 1858 he opened a real estate and insurance office and continued in that business during life. In 1867 he was appointed postmaster of Grand Rapids, and held that position two years. Died May 16, 1886. JAMES KINGSLEY, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1837, '48, '69, '70, and Senator in 1838-9 and 1842, was born in Canterbury, Conn., January 6, 1797, attended school until nineteen, then took a Latin course, either at Brown University, or with one of its professors. From 1823 to 1826 was a tutor in the family of Ludwell Lee, in Virginia; removed to Grand Gulf, Miss., and from there to Ann Arbor, Mich., in 1826. In 1830 married Lucy Ann Clark. From 1830 to 1838 judge of pro. bate; 1830 to 1833 member of the territorial council; a trustee of the University of Michigan in 1831 ; in 1850 a member of the constitu- tional convention; in 1852 elected regent of the University; and was the second mayor of Ann Arbor. In politics a Democrat. Died August 10, 1878. DANIEL KINNE Emigrated from Erie county, N. Y., in 1838 and settled on a farm in Reading, Hillsdale couuty. He was five years supervisor, and held other town offices. In 1845 he was associate judge of the county; in 1847^was Representative in the legislature; and was a member of the constitutional convention of 1850. He was active in building a plank road from Reading to Hillsdale; in the Reading manufacturing company, and cheese factory. He died many years since. EDWARD D. KINNE, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1881-2, was born at De Witt, N. Y., in 1842. He prepared for college at Cazenovia seminary. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 397 N. Y. , and graduated in the classical department of Michigan Uni- versity in 1864. He also graduated from the Columbian law school, an Washington, D. C, in 1867. Having located at Ann Arbor in 1867, he has practiced law in that city since. He has been city recorder and city attorney of Ann Arbor, and mayor two terms. In 1886, as the republican candidate, he was elected judge of the circuit com- prising the counties of Washtenaw and Monroe. GEORGE KIPP, Representative from Genesee county, in 1873-4, was born in Owasco, N. Y., November 25, 1811. In 1814 he removed to Erie county, N. Y. He was educated in common schools. In 1846 he came to Michigan, and settled in Atlas, Genesee county, where he now resides. He has held several local offices. By occupation a farmer. JAMES KIPP Was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., June 13, 1801. He removed in 1836 to Atlas, Mich., and was supervisor seven terms, between 1839 and 1848, justice from 1837 to 1854, and associate judge of the county. He removed to Duplain, Clinton county, in 1855, where he lived two years, then became a resident of St. Johns. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Republican. He was a Representative in 1857, and superintendent of poor in Clinton county from 1866 up to the date of his death, October 22, 1884. WILLIAM J. KIRBY, Representative from Kalamazoo in 1887, was born in Otsego county, N. Y., February 11, 1845. His former occupation was that of sur- veyor and civil engineer; at present a farmer. He was appointed supervisor of Pavilion in 1882, and elected in 1883 and 1884. He was superintendent of the building of the Kalamazoo county court house in 1884. Mr. Kirby was elected Representative for 1887-8 as a Re- publican by a vote of 2,130 to 1,645 for David R. Chandler, and 200 for L. T. Becker, Prohibitionist. OTTO KCKCHNER, Attorney general of Michigan from 1877 to 1831, was born at Frank- fort-on-the-Oder, Prussia, July 13, 1846. He came to Berlin, Ontario, with his father in 1854, received an academical education, and began 41 398 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. the study of law. In 1864 was a clerk to the auditor general, and in 1865 clerk of the House judiciary committee. Studied law in Detroit,, and was admitted in 1866. He stumped the state for Grant and Wilson in 1872, in 1876 was chairman ot the republican city com- mittee, and was a delegate to the Cincinnati convention. In 1885 he was appointed one of the professors of law at Ann Arbor, but re-^ signed after a short service. Has a lucrative law practice. In poli- tics a Republican. GEORGE KIRKLAND, Representative from Monroe county in 1855, was born in the state of New York, Sept. 1, 1810. By occupation a farmer, a Democrat in politics. He came to Bedford, Mich., in 1842. Has held the offices of supervisor, road commissioner, justice sixteen years, and treasurer of the F. M. F. insurance company several years. Now resides at Samaria, Monroe county. WILLIAM M. KIRKPATRICK, Representative from Marquette county in 1885, was born at Allegheny City, Pa., Jan. 17, 1849, where his early years were spent. Has held the office of justice and school Inspector. In politics a Republican. HENRY KLEI, Representative from Wayne county in 1881-2, was born in Germany, July 24, 1849. His parents emigrated to America in 1852, and located in Detroit, where he has since resided. Mr. Klei received his educa- tion in the public schools in Detroit. He was elected alderman in 1878, and in 1879 for the full term of two years. He is a cigar manu- facturer by occupation, and a Republican in politics. PETER KLEIN Was born Sept. 12, 1813. in Oermingen, Alsace, and came with his parents to this country in 1828, who settled in Erie county, N. Y. He studied medicine and practiced four years at Rochester, N. Y., and two years at St. Catherines, Ontario. He graduated from Geneva medical college in 1846, and soon after settled in Detroit, where he practiced his profession. He has been city and county physician and United States surgeon at the Detroit barracks. He was a Represent- ative from Detroit in 1869-70-75. In politics a Democrat. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 399 ALONZO F. KNAPP, Representative from Oakland county in 1873-4, was born in Bristol^ N. Y., March 12, 1833. He emigrated to Michigan in 1834, and set- tled in Salem, Washtenaw county. He finished his classical educa- tion at the state normal school. He studied medicine, and graduated from the western medical college, Cleveland, Ohio, in 1865. In 1868 he removed to South Lyons, where he now resides, and practices his profession. CORNELIUS KNAPP Was born in Nassau, N. Y., July 12, 1824. When young his parent& removed to western New York, where they lived until 1835, when they removed to Rome, Michigan. He worked on his father's farm until 1846, then learned the carpenter's trade and followed it until 1859. He bought a farm in Rome in 1850, and now lives upon it. He has been supervisor for sixteen years, and in 1871-2 was a Repre- sentative in the legislature. JACOB KNAPP, Representative from Saginaw county in 1881-2. was born in Wurtem- berg, Germany, October 14, 1846. He received a common school education and came to this country in 1866, and settled in Detroit, but in 1868 removed to Saginaw City, where he has since been engaged in the manufacture of cigars. He was alderman in 1877 and 1879^ Politically a Democrat. SAMUEL O. KNAPP, Member of the state board of agriculture from 1868 to 1874, was born at Royalton, Vt., April 21, 1816, and died some years since at Jackson^ He settled in Jackson in 1844, and introduced the manufacture of woolen goods into the state prison. He was several years president of the Jackson school board. He was a recognized authority in hor- ticulture. He was interested in copper mining in 1847-8, and made a valuable report upon the geology of that part of the state. A Repub- lican in politics. GEORGE W.,KNEELAND Settled in Howell, Mich., in 1836, first as a farmer, afterwards engaged in running a steam saw mill at Howell, and was in the same 400 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. business in Io3CO where he died. He was judge of probate of Living- ston county in 1840, held other public positions and was elected a Representative in 1850. Polititically a Demociat. GODFREY E. KNIGHT, Representative from Kalamazoo county in 1875, was born Sept. 15, 1838, in Schoolcraft, Michigan. He graduated from the University of Michigan in 1860. He has held several village offices and been jus- tice of the peace in Schoolcraft. Is by occupation a merchant, in politics a Democrat. HENRY C. KNIGHT Was bom in East Bethlehem, Pa., Sept. 13, 1817. He graduated at Jefferson college, spent one year in Yale law school, came to Michi- gan in 1837, and settled at Pontiac. He was admitted to the bar in 1839, remained in Pontiac until 1848, and was a partner of O. D. Richardson. He then taught a classical school, and devoted himself to the ministry until 1853, when he settled in Detroit and resumed law practice. He was an alderman and member of the board of edu- cation of Detroit; prosecuting attorney of Wayne county, and regent of the University, both of which positions he held at the time of his death, March 26, 1867. He was for many years superintendent of the Fort street Presbyterian Sunday school. In politics a Republican. NATHAN KNIGHT, Representative from Bay county in 1877-79, was born at Otisfield, near Portland, Maine, July 14, 1817. His father removed to Michigan in 1826 and settled at Avon, Oakland county. He finished his educa- tional studies at Austinburg institute, Ohio. He taught school two terms, and came to Bay City m 1854. He was supervisor of Hampton for many consecutive years. His principal business is farming. In politics a Democrat. RICHARD KNIGHT, Representative from Antrim and other counties in 1883, was born in the county of Surrey, England, and had a common school education. He came to Woodstock, Ontario, in 1850, and was a blacksmith in Canada and Wisconsin. Removed to Banks, Mich., in 1863. Has bee n sheriff of Antrim county, sixteen years a justice, and town treas- urer. Politically a Republican. 3IICH1GAN BIOGRAPHY. 401 ELBRIDGE G. KNOWLTON. Little can be learned of Mr. Knowlton, Representative from Oakland county in 1844. He was a farmer and innkeeper in the town of Groveland; was supervisor in 1837-38-41, also justice of the peace. He came to Michigan in 1837 and removed in 1847. Representative in 1844. EZRA L. KOON, Senator from Branch and Hillsdale counties in 1869-70-83, was bortfc at Tyrone, N. Y., Dec. 31, 1833. Came first to Michigan in 1844, but taught school and attended Franklin academy, Plattsburgh, N. Y. ^ in 1854-5. Studied law in Illinois and at Hillsdale, and was admitted in 1859, where he is now engaged in practice. Circuit court com- missioner two years, and prosecuting attorney four years. With Hon. Charles Upson was a commissioner to examine the compilation of 1871. Has been twice mayor of Hillsdale; since 1875 a trustee of Hillsdale college; and vice president of second national bank of Hills- dale since 1874. Politically a Republican. JOSEPH KUHN Representative from Detroit in 1879, was born in Neustadt, Hesse Cassel, Prussia, March 9, 1826. In 1846 he emigrated to Detroit. The same year he removed to Perry county, Ohio, where he received a collegiate education. In 1849 he returned to Detroit and established a select school. He has served as justice two terms, alderman, school inspector, and a member of the board of estimates. Occupa- tion, general foreign and domestic business, exchanges, real estate^ loans, etc. Politics, democrat. FREDERICK W. A. KURTH, Representative from Wayne county in 1879, was born June 6, 1844 in Berlin, Germany, In 1852 he emigrated to America and settled in New York city. In 1854 he removed to Detroit. He received a lib- eral education, and in 1861 enlisted in the war. In 1865 he embarked in the retail grocery business. In 1878 he was elected superintendent of schools at Springwells. In politics a Republican. EDWARD S. LACEY Was bom in Chili, N. Y., Nov. 26. 1835. In 1843 he removed to Union City, Mich. ; in 1843 to Kalamo, and in 1857 to Charlotte. His edu- 40;J MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. nation was received in the common schools and Olivet college. He was elected register of deeds of Eaton county in 1860, and re-elected in 1862; began the banking business in 1863, and assisted in organiz- ing the first national bank of Charlotte in 1871, of which he has ever since been a director and cashier. He was mayor of the city of Char- lotte; a delegate to the republican national convention at Cincinnati in 1876, a trustee of the Michigan asylum for the insane from 1874 to 1880. He was a Representative in the forty-seventh congress and forty-eighth congress as a Republican. Mr. Lacey was elected chair- man of the republican state committee in 1882, which position he held for two years. He is novv president of the national bank at Charlotte, and was a leading republican candidate for United States Senator in 1887. ELIJAH LACEY, Representative from Berrien county in 1838, Senator in 1840-41, 61-2, and delegate in the constitutional convention of 1835, was born in Loudon county, Va., March 28, 1795. He received a limited educa- tion. At the age of ten became a resident of Ohio. Settled at Rich- mond, Ind., in 1820, and was for five years an editor. Settled at Niles, Mich., in 1829, where then only two Jog houses had been erected. He laid out the village and built a saw and flouring mill. In 1845 he built the mill race and mills near the railroad bridge, in which he retained an interest until his death. He was president of the village and mayor of the city of Niles. Died before the expiration of his term as Senator. OBED P. LACEY Was born in Ohio in 1810, and came to Niles, Mich., in 1828. He gave the name of Niles to that place in honor of the editor of the Niles Weekly Register, a noted New F^ngland paper of that time. He established a trading house with the Indians, had a postoffice estab- lished, and was the first postmaster, and the first clerk of the town of Niles. He built the first bridge over St. Joseph river, and owned two additions to Niles and West Niles. He was a Representative in the legislature of 1843. Died May 13, 1844. In politics a Democrat. SAMUEL S. LACEY, Commissioner of the state land office, 1861-5, was born in Benning- ton, Vt., May 28, 1815. His father was a captain in the war of 1812, and both his grandfathers served in the revolution. His father MICHIGAN- BIOGRAPHY. 403 Temoved to western New York in 1818, and the son received an aca- demical education, and graduated at 'Hamilton college. Resided in Arkansas four years, and was judge of Hot Springs county. Settled at Homer, Mich., in 1846, and was ten years a farmer. He removed to Marshall, where he now resides, in 1855. He was clerk of Calhoun county four years; was agent to select lands for the agricultural col- lege; was commandant of camp with authority to raise the 28th Michigan infantry; collector of internal revenue; postmaster of Mar- shall in 1867, and now in that position; ten years member of city board of education, and for some time editor of the Marshall Expounder. A Whig until 1854, a Republican until 1872, and a Democrat since that time. NATHANIEL LADD, Senator from Wayne county in 1855, was a native of Vermont, born Dec. 20, 1805. He enjoyed a New England common school education, -was a farmer by occupation, and settled in Dearborn in 1836. Politics, Republican. STALLHAM W. LA DU, Representative from Montcalm county in 1881-2-3, was born in Duchess county, N. Y., February 28, 1823. His education was mainly received at Red Creek union academy, N. Y. After teaching he entered the ministry of the M. E. church in Canada. While acting in this capac- ity he became one of the originators and founders of Albert Univer- sity, located at Belleville, Ontario, and served on its board of manage • ment and as one of its senators until his removal to Michigan in the fall of 1867. Owing to loss of health he was obliged to forego his ministerial duties, and in 1874 located in Montcalm county, where his time has been principally occupied in farming. Originally a Demo- crat, he embraced abolitionism during the time he was pursuing his academic studies, and from that graduated into the republican party. He was state oil inspector 1885-7. WILLIAM P. LAING "Was born in Milton, N. Y., June 26, 1813, and came to Ann Arbor in 1833. He removed to Shiawassee county in 1836, and helped build the second log house in Owosso. In 1837 he settled in Sciota, where he held the offices of supervisor and justice of the peace. In 1850 he moved to Perry Center, Shiawassee county, secured a mail route from Lansing .to Byron through Perry, and ^vas appointed postmaster. In 1856 he 404 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. was elected sheriff of Shiawassee county, and was re-elected in 185S. In 1865 was a Representative. He is a farmer, and a Republican in politics. WILLIAM S. LAING, Senator from the counties of Marquette, Menominee and Iron in 1887, was born in Scotland in 1845, and came to Canada with his parents in 1849. He removed to Michigan in 1865, where he was engaged to work in the lumber woods and at farming until 1878, when he removed to Iron Mountain, and engaged in the butcher business. He is inter- ested in a large wholesale and retail meat market at Iron Mountain, and at Marinette, Wisconsin, and in a saw-mill and general store at Wilson. He was elected to the Senate as a Republican by a vote of 5,141 to 4,709 for George W. Brown, democratic and labor candidate. ALBERT L. LAKEY, Representative from Kalamazoo county in 1887, was born at Uxbridge, Mass., March 25, 1846. He resided in New York and Pennsylvania until 1861, when he enlisted at the age of fifteen and served until May, 1865. Located at Kalamazoo in 1867, and is engaged in the manufacture of paints and roofing. He has been three times a member of the common council. JACOB C. LAMB Was born in Springfield, N. J., April 10, 1828. In 1852 he came ta Michigan and settled in Dry den, Lapeer county, as a farmer. He was a Representative in 1871-2-3 and 4. He was for several years a member of the republican state committee. He is a prominent busi- ness man at Imlay City. JOHN M. LAMB, Representative from Lapeer county in 1841-2-3, and Senator in 1856-8- 63-4, was born in Springfield, N. J., Aug. 11, 1808. He came to Mich- igan in 1834, and in 1836 settled in Dryden, Lapeer county, improved a large farm, and was also in mercantile business from 1841 to 1869. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1867. He was first a Whig and then a Republican. A useful, influential man. Died Nov. 3, 1871. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 405- ROBERT D. LAMOND Was a graduate of the Vermont medical college at Castleton, and Fairfield medical college, N. Y. He settled in Flint about 1838, coming there from Pontiac where he was in practice prior to 1838. He was a member of the Oakland county medical society and was its secretary in 1835. He was one of the original members of the Genesee county medical society, and became the leading physician of Genesee county.. He was a Representative in 1844. Died at Flint in 1871. COLOMBIA LANCASTER, Representative from St. Joseph county in 1838, was born in New Milford, Conn., August 26, 1803. By profession a lawyer, in politicda Democrat. He came to White Pigeon, Michigan, in 1830, where he remained until the county seat was removed to Centre viile, when he erected the first residence there. He was a member of the first con- vention of assent in 1836. In 1838 he left Michigan with his wife and daughter and with an ox team traveled to Oregon territory, where he arrived in September of the same year. At the crossing of the Mis- souri river he was elected to the command of the emigrating com- pany, consisting of 84 wagons, the command terminating at Ash Hollow, beyond the hostile tribes of Indians. He found a provisional government established in Oregon. In 1847 he was appointed supreme judge of Oregon, which he held until congress organized the territory and appointed judges. He was afterwards delegate to congress from Oregon. He now resides at Vancouver, Washington territory. JOHN LANDON, Representative from Jackson county in 1865-71, was born in 1833, in Cayuga county, N.Y. He came with his father's family to Spring- port, Mich., in 1835, his father building the first house in that town- ship. The son received a fair education, and was elected supervisor when quite young, holding that position several terms. He was a farmer, a Republican in politics. He died March 13, 1871, before the expiration of his second term, and his funeral was attended by eight representatives as pall bearers, and by the speaker and clerk of the House. BUFUS W. LANDON Was born in Salisbury, Conn.', May 3, 1815. He received a common school education and came to Niles, Berrien county, May 9, 1833, at- 42 406 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. the age of seventeen, in the midst of the excitement caused by the breaking out of the Black Hawk war. He was one of the first set- tlers in Berrien county, and always lived at Niles. In politics a Democrat, and by occupation a dealer in real estate. He was post- master of Niles from 1837 to 1841, and treasurer of Berrien county for ten years, from January 1, 1843, to December 31, 1852. He was elected to the State Senate in 1863, and served in the sessions of 1863- 4. He was a gentleman highly respected in the city and county, which was his home for more than fifty years. He died in 1886. MI NOT T. LANE Was born at Marlborough, N. H., March 12, 1807. He came to Michi- gan in 1831 and settled at Romeo. He was a Representative in 1838 and 1848. In politics a Democrat. He removed to Detroit in 1 848. He was recent of the University from 1845 to 1849, and held several municipal offices in Detroit, including that of police justice from 1866 to 1870. Died February 23, 1875. PETER LANE, Born April 23, 1823, in Aurelius, N. Y., came to Flint, Michigan, in 1844. Moved to Saginaw in 1850, where he has since resided. He was town clerk in 1851, and treasurer in 1852. Went to California in 1853 on horseback. He has been alderman and supervisor in Sagi- naw, and for three years chairman of the county board of super- visors. In 1869-70 he was a Representative. Has been a millwright, and saw-mill engineer, and for eight years was in the lumbering business. Now retired. Republican in politics. THOMAS D. LANE Was born in Victor, N. Y., June 26, 1820. He came with his parents to Salem, Michigan, in 1836. His father served in the war of 1812. The son was reared on a farm, and most of his education was obtained nights-, by the aid of burning tamarack knots. He was inspector of schools fifteen years, supervisor four years, Representative in 1859, Senator in 1861-2. He taught school seventeen years. NATHANIEL LANGDON, Senator from Monroe county in 1865, was born in the state of New York, June 18, 1810, By occupation a farmer, in politics a Demo- MICHIGAlf BIOGRAPHY. 407 crat. He came to Ida, Monroe county, in 1847, where he still resides. He has been supervisor of that town for twenty-seven years. LEANDER LAPdAM, Representative from Barry county in 18G5, was born in Erie county, New York, October 8, 1819. He came to Michigan in 1830, lived in Wayne county seven years, and in 1837 settled upon a farm in the town of Maple Grove, Barry county, where he •still resides. Has been iifteen terms supervisor. In politics a Republican. CHARLES LARNED, Attorney General of Michigan territory under Governor Porter, wa? born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. He graduated at Williams college in 1806, and studied law in Kentucky with Henry Clay. While a student there he enlisted in Colonel Owen's regiment, which marched ;to the relief of Geaeral Harrison at Fort Wayne. He rapidly rose to the rank of major, and was in the battle of the Thames and othei engagements. At the close of the war he engaged in law practice in Detroit, and became distinguished in the profession. As attorney general of the territory, he conducted the difficult negotiations that grew out of the Black Hawk war. He died August 13, 1834. JAMES B. LARUE Was born in Franklin, N". J., Feb. 6, 1800. He ran a paper mill in New Prospect, N. J. He came to Michigan in 1838, and took up large tracts of land in Berrien county, near St. Joseph. He built a double saw-mill and improved a farm seven miles up the St. Joseph river. He had 1,000,000 feet of the best white wood lumber piled up which all went to waste during the great depression, because it would not pay for shipping to Chicago. He went to California in 1849 with ox teams, working at gold digging a year or two, then negotiated with a Spaniard for two hundred acres of land near Oakland, opened a store and boarding-house, laid out the town of San Antonio, now a part of Oakland, was elected to the California legislature, organized a steam ferry company, and ran two steamers across the bay from San Fran- cisco to Oakland and San Antonio for several years. He died in 1872, leaving a valuable property. He was Representative in 1840 and 1841 as a Whig. 408 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. HENRY B. LATHROP Was born in Hanover, N. H., in 1808. In 1815 he went to Buffalo^ N. Y., and remained in that vicinity until 1834, then came to Detroit, where he followed the occupation of a mason and contractor. In 1838 was an alderman. In 1838 he removed to Jackson, where the state prison had been located on twenty acres of his farm. He donated the stone for the west half of the prison buildings. He was a Representative in 1840, and in 1847 was Senator. In 1849 he became a government agent, and traveled extensively through the states and Canada. In 1852 he went to California with a drove of horses, cattle and sheep, and engaged in mining. He was the first man who made a success of carrying water by a wrought iron pipe thirty inches in diameter, crossing Feather river by a truss bridge, 1,081 feet below the head or inlet, thence rising 900 feet in a half mile so as to com- mand the mines. Against the predictions of engineers it carried 36,- 000,000 gallons of water per day for sixteen years. Hundreds of miles of pipe are now used for che same purpose. In politics, first a Whig, since 1854 a Republican. Now resides at Ionia. HORACE N. LATHROP, Representative from Lapeer county in 1853, was born at Norwich^ Conn., March 9, 1805. He settled in Oregon, Lapeer county, Mich., in 1886, was the first supervisor of the town, and held that position several terms, also other local ofifices. By occupation a farmer and miller, in politics a Democrat. Died in May, 1871. W. IRVING LATIMER Was born in Dutchess county, N. Y., in 1836. He received a good common school education, and came to Michigan in 1859, where he soon took a prominent part in public affairs. During his residence in the state he has held the offices of deputy collector of United States revenue, postmaster, township treasurer, city treasurer of Big Rapids, and mayor of that city. He has always been a Republican, and was a member of the state central committee in 1876. While serving his third term as treasurer of Mecosta county, he received the nomination, by the republican state convention of 1878, for auditor general, to which office he was triumphantly elected. This was followed by a re-election in 1880. Mr. Latimer is now a resident of Lansing. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 409 DAVID L. LATOURETTE ^as born in Seneca county, N. Y., August 26, 1823. He came to Michigan in 1835, and was engaged in the manufacture of linseed oil and woolen goods, later became a banker and established a national bank in Fenton, of which he was president. He held various posi- tions of trust and responsibility, and was Senator from Genesee county in 1867, as a Republican. He died at Prescott, Arkansas, September 22, 1885. BENJAMIN LAUBACH, Representative from Ottawa county in 1877-79, was born in Fishing Creek, Pa., October 8, 1823, and, with his parents, removed to Seneca county, Ohio, in 1836. He received a common school education. In 1853 he removed to Michigan and purchased and cleared a farm four miles north of Berlin, Ottawa coimty, upon which he has since con- tinued to reside. He has held the office of justice for fifteen years and supervisor for four years, and is largely engaged in the settle- ment of estates of deceased persons. In politics a Republican. PETER E. LAWRENCE, Representative from Jackson county in 1843, was born in Marcellus, N. Y., in 1807. He came to Michigan in 1837 and went into business as a merchant at Leoni. In politics a Democrat. He was postmaster of Leoni in 1838. Died in California in 1854. SOLOMON L. LAWRENCE, Representative from Branch county in 1851, was born in Wey bridge county, Vt., March 1, 1811. By occupation a farmer. He came to Coldwater, Michigan, in 1836, removed to Iowa in 1856, and now resides in Wilton, Muscatine county. He was a Democrat until 1861, now a Republican. In Iowa has been justice twelve years, mayor two years, and has held other positions. He was for fifteen years chairman of board of school inspectors in Girard, Mich. EZRA D. LAY, Representative from Washtepaw county in 1875, was born Dec. 6, 1807, at Say brook. Conn., and was educated at district and select schools. He removed to Michigan in 1833, settling on a farm in Ypsi- 410 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. lanti, where he now resides. He was supervisor of Ypsilanti seven terms. He is by occupation a farmer, and has been president of the eastern Michigan agricultural society. In politics a Republican. DEWITT C. LEACH, Representative in congress from 1857 to 1861, was born in Clarence, N. Y., Nov. 23, 1832; received a public school education; came when young to Genesee county, Michigan; was a Representative in 1850; was a delegate in the constitutional conventions of 1850 and 1867; was state librarian in 1855 and 1856, removing to Lansing in 1855; was editor of the I^nsing Republican some years; was elected to congress in 1856, serving two terms, from 1857 to 1861. He removed to Trav- erse City after 1861, and purchased and edited the Grand Traverse Herald for many years, and later went to Springfield, Mo., where he edited and published a paper. Hfe was early a strong anti-slavery man, and has been a Republican since 1854. SIRRELL C. LE BARRON Was born in Woodstock, Vt., Jan. 25, 1807. He was educated at Woodstock, and removed to Harrisburg, Pa., in 1825. He was dele- gate to the Clay convention at Washington in 1632. He removed to Tecumseh, Mich., in .832. He was the second clerk of Lenawee county in 1834 and held the office until Michigan became a state, and was the first county clerk under the state organization. He was a Rep. resentative in 1840. A merchant for some years at Tecumseh. He opened the first grammar school in the county in 1832 and kept it until 1836. HENRY LEDYARD, Senator from Wayne county in 1857-8, was born in New York city March 3, 1812, and his early life was passed there. He was a gradu- ate of Columbia college and was admitted to practice as an attorney. His first official position was as secretary of legation at the French court under the ministry of G.en. Cass, and from this position sprang an intimacy with the Cass family which resulted in his marriage in 1839 to Matilda C, a daughter of Gen. Cass. On the return of the latter from Europe in 1844 he came to Detroit and assumed the man- agement of the large property interests of his father-in-law. He was alderman of his ward, 1849-50, was one of the first members of the board of water commissioners of the city, organized in 1853, and was- MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 411f mayor of the city in 1855. He also served as a member of the school board, 1846-7, and his name appears in various business and philan- thropic enterprises. He removed to Washington and resided there during Gen. Cass' service as secretary of state, and for a short time discharged the duties of assistant secretary of state. He removed to Newpo*-t, R. I., in 1861. He was a Democrat in politics. Died in London, England, in 1880. DANIEL L. LEE, Representative from Oakland county in 1843, was born in Yates county, N. Y., in 1806. Settled as a merchant in Farmington, Mich., in 1836, and in 1839 purchased a farm in Novi and removed his busi- ness there. In 1844 became a merchant and farmer at Brighton. He was largely interested in lands. With Bush & Thomas he owned large property interests in Lansing. They built the Benton, now Everett, house in 1850. He was a member of the constitutional con- vention of 1850. Died Sept. 26, 1857. GEORGE W. LEE Was born at Greene, N. Y., Oct. 24, 1812. He received a common school and academical education and came to Livingston county, Mich., in 1836, and engaged in farming, and afterwards was a mer- chant at Howell until 1861. He was a Whig, but a Republican after 1854. Established the Livingston Republican in 1855. In 1858 was appointed a member of state reform school board of control, which he held for many years. He was a presidential elector in 1860. In 1861 he was appointed quartermaster* had charge of the equipment and transportation of Michigan troops during the war, and was promoted to colonel. Later was Indian agent for Michigan. Died several years since at Ypsilanti. JAMES LEE, Representative from Leelanaw and Benzie counties in 1875-7, was born in Yorkshire, England, March 10, 1816, and received a common school education. In 1832 he emigrated to Michigan, settling in Hamtramck, and engaging in farming and brickmaking. In 1858 he removed to Bingham, Leelanaw county. He held several township offices, including that of supervisor for five years, and pursues the business of farming. 412 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. JAMES B. LEE Was born in Milo Centre, N. Y., April 14, 1819. By occupation a merchant, in politics a Democrat. He came to Michigan at the age of fifteen and was a clerk in the store of Thomas & Lee at Farmington. He removed to Brighton in 1843, where he was a merchant until 1877. He married Samantha B. Chadwick in 1843. He was Representative in 1869-70. He died at Brighton, Sept. 5, 1886. He was for sixteen years postmaster at Brighton, and held all responsible offices in the village corporation. JOSIAH LEE •Representative from Macomb county in 1841, was born in the state of Connecticut, June 24, 1781. Came to this state in 1832, where he worked two years and brought his family in 18r>4, settling as a farmer in Ray, Michigan. He was an early supervisor of that town, also a justice of the peace. A Democrat. Died Sept. 5, 1855. GURDON C. LEECH Was born Feb. 8, 1811, in West Bloomfield. N. Y. He was a mer- chant of Palmyra, N. Y., from 1828 to 1830, when he came to Utica, Michigan. He engaged there in milling and mercantile business. He was Representative in 1841. In politics a democrat. He died at Utica, May 10, 1841. PAYNE K. LEECH Was born in West Bloomfield, N.Y., Jan. 31, 1809. He received a common school education and worked on his father's farm until 1830. He then came to Utica, Michigan, and engaged in milling until 1836, when he moved upon a farm in the same town. He was a Whig until the dissolution of that party. Has since been a Republican. He was a Representative in 1846. Has held the office of supervisor several times. He is one of the veterans of the Toledo war. ANDREW J. LEETCH Was born in the state of New York in 1830. In 1835 he removed with his parents to Canton, Wayne county, Michigan. Was brought up on a farm and received a common school education. Became a -carpenter and joiner by trade and followed it for years. He was MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 413 Representative in 1861-2. In 1865 he became a grocer at Ypsilanti, and in 1866 built a malt house and brewery. Has been supervisor and owns a large farm in the town of Superior. JOHN LEITCH, Representative from Sanilac county in 1883, was born in Scotland, November 10, 1833. He moved with his parents to Canada in 1841, and settled iii Elgin county. There he passed his boyhood and early manhood. He moved to Sanilac county, Michigan, in April, 1856. and settled on the farm, where he has continued to reside . He has always been a farmer by occupation, but held township and school offices the greater part of the time. Politically a Democrat. ELIJAH LELAND Was born in Mendon, N. Y., in July, 1804. He came to Quincy, Michigan, in 1834, bought a farm of 320 acres, and lived there during the remainder of his life. He was a Representative in 1857. He sent three sons to defend the union. JOSHUA G. LELA.ND Was born in Madison county, N. Y., July 19, 1805, and died April 27, 1876. He came to Michigan in 1831 and settled in Washtenaw county, and was a Representative in 1844-46. He was also president of the Washtenaw county agricultural society, of the farmers' insurance company, and of the county pioneer society. He was a successful farmer and business man. « JOSEPH C. LEONARD, Senator from Branch county in 1853, was born at Smyrna, N. Y., Aug. 11, 1817. He was educated at Cazeaovia, and Hamilton college, and settled at Union City, Mich., in 1842. He was postmaster there in 1846 and again in 1858, for twenty years trustee of village schools, and director of the Michigan Air Line railroad company. In politics a Democrat. At first a boot and shoe dealer, but for many years a farmer, also engaged in surveying and conveyancing. DANIEL LEROY, Attorney General of Michigan, 1836-7, was born in Nova Scotia, May 17, 1775, and was educated there and at Binghamton, N. Y. He 43 414 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. studied law and was admitted to practice at the age of twenty-five. He came to Pontiac, Michigan, and was the first lawyer admitted to practice at the Oakland county bar, July 17, 1830. He was prosecut- ing attorney of the county for several years and was chief justice of the county court from 1829 to 1833. He was a member of the terri- torial council in 1830-31, and a presidential elector in 1836. By appointment of Gov. Mason he was the first attorney general under a state government. He was a lawyer of ability and ranked high in the bar of the state. Late in life he retired from business, and died at Fenton, February 11, 1858. Politically a Democrat. JOHN P. LEROY, Senator in 1840-41-51 from Oakland county, was born in Johnstown, N. Y., Sept. 22, 1804. He settled in Pontiac, Mich., in 1827: was for many years a justice, and served as county treasurer. He was a Whig and assisted in forming that party in Oakland county, and was a delegate to the convention that organized the republican party. Died August 23, 1867. GEORGE S. LESTER, Representative from Sanilac county in 1850, was born in Washington county, N. Y., March 4, 1812. Came to Michigan in 1840, and has resided at Pontiac, Lexington, Port Huron, and for the last twenty- four years at Alpena. Has been a lumberman, and built three steam saw mills, collector of customs, merchant and real estate dealer, and is now judge of probate in Alpena county. In politics a Republican. AMOS LEWIS, Representative from Oceana county in 1879, was born March 6, 1821, at Highland county, Ohio. He moved to Laporte county, Ind., in 1836, and to Oceana county, Mich., in 1866, whare he is a farmer. Politics, national. GEORGE LEWIS, Representative from Bay county in 1873-4, was born in Monroe, N. Y., November 8, 1827. He received his early education in common schools. In 1849 he emigrated to Michigan, and settled in Saginaw. In 1858 he removed to Bay City, where he now resides. He has been supervisor, and has held minor positions of trust in Bay county. His occupation is that of a banker and lumberman. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 415 JOHN D. LEWIS, Representative from Tuscola county in 1865, was born in EUisburgh, N. Y., September 2, 1834. He was educated at Union college, and graduated from the Albany law school in 1861. He settled in prac- tice at Vassar, Michigan. From 1861 to 1868 he was principal of the Vassar union school. He held many local positions, including super- visor, circuit court commissioner and county superintendent of schools. He removed to Portsmouth, now part of Bay City, and was two years principal of schools there, later a merchant. Has been alderman, member of board of education, and in 1874 was Senator. Now resides in Florida. NATHANIEL W. LEWIS, Senator from Allegan county in 1879, was born in Washington county, Vt., September 11, 1832. He received a common school edu- cation. In 1858 he removed to Calhoun county, Michigan. He en- listed as private in an independent regiment known as "Merrill's Horse," in 1862; was promoted through the grades to lieutenant; and was mustered out in the fall of 1865. He soon after removed to Ganges, Allegan county. Occupation farmer and fruit-grower. He has held the offices of commissioner, clerk and supervisor. In poli- tics a National. THOMAS LEWIS, Representative from Wayne county in 1842 and 1846, was born in Sandwich, Canada, in 1807, settling in Detroit in 1819. His general pursuits were those of merchant and farmer. In 1836, in company with Richard Godfroy, he made a business venture at Grand Rapids, which was mercantile, milling and buying furs. The firm built a steamer, the Gov. Mason, the loss of which, with a cargo of furs, proved so disastrous that he returned to Detroit and located on Grosse Isle, where he owned and managed a farm, and was also interested in the fisheries thereabout. He was for many years a lead- ing citizen, and served his township as supervisor and justice. A Democrat in politics. Died October 19, 1887. WILLIAM LEWIS, Representative from Barry county in 1846, was born at Weatherfield, N. Y., in 1802. He came to Yankee Springs, Michigan, in 1836, located a large farm, and built a hotel which became famous as 416 MICHIGAN BIOGKAPHY. " Yankee Lewis House." Few people of olden pioneer days failed to partake of the hospitalities of " Yankee Lewis." He was an enter- prising, active, ever busy pioneer, and did his full share in reclaim- ing the wilderness. Politically a Democrat. Died September 15, 1853. LANSING E. LINCOLN, Representative from Huron county in 1885-7, was born at Groton, N. Y., in 1842. He enlisted in 1861, and after his term of enlistment expired was sutler of the 148th N. Y. volunteers. At the close of the war went into business at Richmond, Va., and in 1867 in New York city. In 1871 came to Mason, Mich., and was first in the boot and shoe business, then engaged in shipping live stock. Since 1881 has been a resident of Huron county, farming and in the live stock busi- ness. He was wounded at Ball's Cross Roads, Va. He was elected as a Fusionist. PETER LINDERMAN, Representative from Ingham county in 1857, was born at Wallkill, N. Y., Oct. 5, 1795, and settled at Mason in 1836. A Whig until 1854, then a Republican. By occupation a farmer. He was the first super- visor of Vevay, postmaster of Mason, for many years a justice, and judge of probate for Ingham county. Died March 4, 1865. WILLIAM S. LINTON, Representative from Saginaw county in 1887, was born at St. Clair, Mich., Feb. 4, 1856. Received a common school education, was a book-keeper several years, then superintendent of saw-mills at Wells, Bay county. In 1879 engaged in the lumber business and planing mill business at East Saginaw, with his father and brother. Has been supervisor, an alderman four years, and held other offices. In politics a Republican. WILLIAM E. LITTELL, Representative from Oakland county in 1879-81-2, was born May 16, 1838, at Cayuga, N. Y. He was educated in a district school and an academy. Having come to Michigan in 1851, he settled at Orion. He served fifteen months in the seventh regiment of Michigan volun- teers, during the war. He taught school and held all the various offices in his township except that of treasurer; was postmaster at MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 417 Orion six years; justice of the peace sixteen years; supervisor fourteen years, and chairman of the board of supervisors of Oakland county. CHARLES D. LITTLE, Representative from Saginaw county in 1871-2-5-9, was born in Living- ston, N. Y., in 1823, and received a classical education. He came to Michigan in 1837, but in 1839 went to Canandaigua, N. Y., and stud" ied law. In 1842 became a law partner of E. H. Thomson, at Flint, and was judge of probate for Genesee county. Removed to Saginaw in 1850, practiced law until 1861, then went into the army as quarter- master of the 23d Michigan infantry, was appointed assistant adju- tant general on the staff of Gen. Granger, and held it until 1863, resigning from sickness. He was chairman of the Saginaw board of supervisors six years, and has held other local offices. In politics a Democrat. FLAVIUS J. LITTLEJOHN Was born in Herkimer county, N. Y., in July, 1804. He graduated from Hamilton college in 1827, and delivered the valedictory address. He was admitted to the bar in 1830, and practiced in Little Falls, N. Y., until 1836, when on account of ill health, he removed to Allegan, Michigan, and for several years was engaged as a surveyor, engineer and geologist. In 1842-3-8 and 1855 he was a Representative in the legislature, and was Senator in 1845-6, and president jpro tem. of that body in 1846. From 1848 to 185S he was engaged in the practice of law. He was elected judge of the 9th circuit in 1858, which then comprised twenty counties on the western shore, extending from Van Buren to Emmet, and served until 1865. In 1849 he was the whig and free soil candidate for governor against John S. Barry, and was defeated by 4,279 votes. He was at one time circuit court commis- sioner of Allegan county. He took great interest in education and temperance. He was an eloquent and logical speaker, an able lecturer, bore a spotless reputation, and wrote a volume of interesting Indian legends. He died April 28, 1880. PHILETUS O. LITTLEJOHN Was born in Litchfield, N. Y., Dec. 24, 1814. In politics a Democrat. He was a Representative in 1863-4. He is extensively engaged in farm- ing. As a young man he was a railroad contractor in Virginia and 418 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. Maryland. He was justice fifteen years, member and chairman of the board of supervisors of Allegan county for thirteen years, and two years president of the village of Allegan. WILLIAM LIVINGSTON, Jr., Representative from Wayne county in 1875, was born in Dundas, Ontario, Jan. 31, 1842. He removed to Detroit in 1849 and now resides in that city. He received an academical education and learned the trade of a machinist. In 1861 he became connected with the shipping interest, and from year to year increased his investments in that direction until he was the owner of a number of steam vessels. He has also been largely interested in the lumber business. Mr. Liv- ingston has been president of Detroit street railroads. In politics a Republican. He was appointed collector of customs at Detroit by President Arthur, which he held for several years. He also published the Detroit Journal. FIDUS LIVERMORE, Representative from Jackson county in 1843-4, was born at Water- ville, N. Y., July 21, 1811. He learned the trade of a tailor and fol- lowed that business at Dresden, N. Y., until 1886, then studied law three years and settled in practice at Jackson, Mich., in 1839. He held the ofiices of justice, and prosecuting attorney two terms. He was a delegate to the democratic national conventions of 1860 and 1872, was a democratic candidate for elector in 1868, and the candidate of that party for congress in 1874 and 1876. From 1846 to 1867 he was senior partner of the law firm of Livermore & Wood. He was nine years president of the school board, and was commandant of camp in the organization of the 20th and 26th Michigan infantry. Politically a Democrat. Died May 22, 1880. JOHN S. LIVERMORE, Representative from Oakland county in sessions of 1839-42, was born in Sangerfield, New York, Jan. 12, 1801. By occupation a physician, in politics a Democrat. He located at Rochester, Mich., in 1830. He left there in 1848, and died at Ft. Wilkins, on Lake Superior, Oct. 4, 1861. He was a volunteer in the war of 1812. CHARLES LOCKE Was born in Madison county, N. Y., May 11, 1811. He attended common schools and obtained a fair education. From eighteen until MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 419 twenty-one he worked at building bridges and locks on the Schuykill river. He then moved to Oneida county, N. Y, , and worked a small farm. He came to Michigan in 1836, and finally settled in Antrim, Shiawassee county. After nine years he removed to Perry Center. He was licensed to preach in 1858. He was justice thirteen years, and in 1867 Representative in the legislature. In politics a Republican. JAMES K. LOCKWOOD Was born in Ottawa, Ohio, July 31, 1823. His education was that of common schools. In 1848 he settled in Port Huron, Michigan, and in 1860 removed to Alpena. He held various local offices, and in 1868- 73-4 was a Representative. In politics a Republican, by occupation a lumber merchant. MAJOR F. LOCKWOOD Was born January 2, 1810, in Sand Lake, N. Y. He removed to Parma, N. Y., in 1824, and became a farmer. He settled in No vi, Mich., at an early day, for eight years was a merchant, then became a farmer. In politics a Democrat. Representative from Oakland county in 1849. THOMAS W. LOCKWOOD, Representative from Detroit in 1861-2-3-4, was a Republican in politics. He was a native of Glastenbury, Conn., born in 1817. His early edu- cation, which was partly academical, was acquired at Albany, N. Y., where he was admitted to the bar soon after attaining his majority. He located in Detroit in 1839, and to the time of his death in April, 1866, enjoyed not only a lucrative practice but the public confidence in a marked degree. He served a term as president of the Detroit young men's society, and his name is associated with various business, public and benevolent enterprises. He was prominently connected with the Westminister (Presbyterian) church of Detroit. JOHN LOMISON Was born in Turbet, Pa., Nov. 14, 1807. He worked at farming until the age of nineteen, when he learned the trade of a tanner and cur - rier, and worked at it eleven years. In 1836 he settled as a farmer in Park, St. Joseph county. He has been several times supervisor, town clerk and justice, and was Representative in 1855 as a Republican. 420 MICHIGAN BIOGBAPHY. JEREMIAH D. LONG, Representative from Detroit in 1885, was born in county Cork, Ire- land, in 1840, came to this country in 1853 and learned the trade of a shoemaker, then worked in the grocery business two years, and in a cotton mill. In 1861 enlisted in the 3d battalion rifles, and after the war resumed his trade. Elected as a labor candidate by a fusion with the democrats. JOHN W. LONGYEAR Was born in Shandaken, N. Y., October 22, 1820, and died at Detroit, March 11, 1855. He received an academical education and taught school for several years, at the same time pursuing the study of the law. In 1844 he came to Ingham county, completing his studies at Mason, at the same time teaching select school. He was admitted to the bar in 1846, and removed to Lansing in 1847, engaging in a suc- cessful practice of the law, in partnership with his brother — Ephraim Longyear. He was one of the ablest lawyers at the bar in central Michigan. In 1862 he was elected by the republicans to congress, and was re-elected in 1864. He was a delegate to the Philadelphia convention in 1866, and was a member of the Michigan constitutional convention in 1867. In May, 1870, he was appointed judge of the United States district court at Detroit, and took high rank as a jurist. In politics, first a "Whig, then a Republican. In 1849 he married Harriet M. Monroe, of Eagle, and left two sons and a daughter. HENRY M. LOOK, Representative from Oakland county in 1865, was born at Hadley, Mich., October 27, 1837. His ancestors from Scotland, settled at Martha's Vineyard in 1756. He received a thorough education, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1859. He was prosecut- ing attorney of Oakland county in 1871-2; city attorney of Pontiac, and member of board of education, 1864-8; delegate to the democratic convention in 1872; chairman of the democratic state convention in 1872; chairman of the democratic county committee 1870 to 1875. In politics a Democrat. Wrote a work on "The law and practice of Masonic trials," and from 1669 to 1876 was ihe grand lecturer for the Masonic fraternity of Michigan. Now in practice in Utah. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 421 PETER B. LOOMIS, Representative from Jackson county in 1859, was born at Amster- dam, N. Y., April 14, 1820. With a fair education he was a dry goods merchant at Rochester, N. Y., at the age of eighteen. Settled at Jackson, Mich. , in 1843, and from that year until 1850 was a mem- ber of the dry goods firm of Loomis & Dwight. He then bought and operated the Kennedy mill for four years. In 1856 he established the banking firm of Loomis & Whitall, now P. B. Loomis & Co. Has been president of the Jackson gas company; president and treasurer of the Jackson and Ft. Wayne railroad company; chief of the fire department, and alderman. Gave efficient aid in the building of railroads. In politics a Republican. THOMAS N. LOOMIS Was born at Hamilton, N. Y., July 3, 1807, and died February 20, 1879. He located on a farm in Brandon, Oakland county, in 1836, where he lived until 1867, passing the remainder of his life in the village of Oakwood. He was eight years supervisor. He was a Representative in 1847. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Re- publican. HENRY W. LORD, Representative to congress 1881 to 1883, was born in Northampton, Mass., in 1821. He received an academical education at Andover, Mass., and removed to Detroit in 1839. In 1842 went to Pontiac and resided there until 1876, engaged in farming and mercantile business, except from 1861 to 1867, when he was consul at Manchester, Eng- land. He was a presidential elector in 1876; a member of the board of state charities from 1871 to 1882, and its secretary for five years; and for several years register of the U. S. land office at Devil's Lake, Dakota. He was a resident of Detroit, while in congress. In politics a Republican. EDWIN H. LOTHROP, Was born in Easton, Mass., March 22, 1806. He settled on Prairie Ronde, in the township of Schoolcraft, Michigan, in 1830, and was a leading farmer, and a prominent Democrat. He was a Representa- tive in 1835-6-7-'42-3-4-8, was speaker pro tern, in 1842 and 1843, and speaker in 1844, and was also commissioner of railroads. He held the local office of supervisor. In 1857 he removed to Three Rivers, where 44 422 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. he held the office of justice most of the time until his death, February 17, 1874. He was an older brother of Hon. G. V. N. Lothrop, minister to Russia. GEORGE V. N. LOTHROP Was born at Easton, Mass., August 8, 1817, and spent his early life on a farm. He graduated from Brown University in 1^38. In 1839 he came to Michigan for his health, and for three years was with his brother Edwin H. Lothrop, on Prairie Ronde. In 1843 he resumed the study of law with Joy & Porter, in Detroit. In 1844 he became a partner of D. Bethune Duffield, the firm of Lothrop & Duffield con- tinuing until 1857. In 1848 he was appointed attorney general, and held that position until 1851. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1867. He has several times been a candidate for con- gress, and has repeatedly received the votes of the democratic mem- bers of the legislature for United States Senator. In 1885 he was appointed United States minister to Russia. He is a fine orator, and has long stood among the leading lawyers of the state. CYRUS LOVELL Was born in Grafton, Vermont, Sept. 9, 1804. He received an academ- ical education, studied law, emigrated to Michigan in 1829, and set- tled at Ann Arbor. In 1831 he married Louise Fargo, and in 1832 built the first dwelling at Kalamazoo. He enlisted for a short time in the Black Hawk war. At Kalamazoo he was justice, supervisor, and prosecuting attorney. In 1836 he removed to Ionia and was the first supervisor in 1837. In 1849 he was Representative in the legisla- ture, and a member of the constitutional convention in 1850. In 1855 he was again a Representative, and was elected speaker of the House, the first republican who held that position. He was u Whig until until 1854, then a Republican until 1860, and then supported Stephen A. Douglas, and remained a Democrat. " Uncle Cy " as he used to be known, is a fine scholar, and an able but eccentric man. He still lives at Ionia. ENOS T. LOVELL, Senator from Kalamazoo county in 1881-2, was born in Grafton, Vt., January 22, 1821; received a common school education, and removed with his parents to Climax, Mich., in 1835, where he has since resided. He is a farmer. He has been eleven times supervisor of his township; MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 423 twice Representative in the state legislature (1867 and 1869); and twice county treasurer. He is a Republican. GEORGE W. LOVELL Was born in Grafton, Vt. , Dec. 9, 1818. He came to Climax, Michi- gan, in 1835, where he lived until 1856, when he moved to Iowa, where he now resides. He was Representative from Kalamazoo county in 1853-5, also held the office of supervisor. Since his removal to Iowa he has been elected to the Senate of that state. Was originally a Whig, then a Republican, but since 1875 has been a Democrat. Edu- cation received in common schools. Is a farmer and of late years interested in banking. LOUIS LOVEI.L Was born at Grafton, Vt., Nov. 15, 1816. In April following he re- moved with his parents to Springfield, Windsor county. He prepared for college at Chester and Bellows Falls, entered college at Middle- bury in 1832 and graduated in 1836. He then went south and taught in Georgia about two years. Having returned north in 1838, he com- menced the study of law with Judge Closon in Springfield. In 1841, with his father's family, he located in Ionia, Mich., where he has since resided. In the same year he was admitted to the bar and commenced practice. During the Taylor-Fillmore administration he was register of the United States land office at Ionia. In 1857 he was elected judge of the eighth judicial circuit, and re-elected in 1863, 1869, 1875, serving until 1881. Was a candidate for re-election in 1881, but was defeated. LAFAYETTE W. LOVELL Was born at Grafton, Vt., May 27, 1823, and settled in Climax, Mich., in 1835, where he now resides. He was educated at the Kalamazoo branch of the University, graduated at Rush medical college in 1847, practiced medicine fifteen years, and became a farmer. He was Senator in 1857-8, and has also been a supervisor, and town clerk and inspector of the state prison. In politics a Republican. JOHN LOWRY Was born in Schoharie county, N. Y. , Feb. 14, 1793. He was a Whig until 1854, then a Republican. He located a farm in Lodi in 1825, and 424 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. moved upon it in 1826. He added to the eighty acres first taken until he had a splendid farm of 700 acres, with a fine house and outbuild- ings. He was Representative in 1839. He worked persistently for the abolition of slavery until it was accomplished. He held town and county offices with acceptance many years. Died April 23, 1872. CHARLES D. LUCE, Representative from Hillsdale county in 1873-4, was born in Arcada, N. Y., April 6, 1820. He was educated in a common school. In 1846 he emigrated to Michigan and settled in the township of Jefferson , Hillsdale county. His occupation was that of a farmer. Died in the fall of 1887. CYRUS GRAY LUCE Was born in Windsor, Ashtabula county, Ohio, July 2, 1824. His father, Walter Luce, was a native of Tolland, Conn., his ancestors having settled on the spot where he was born more than two hun- dred years ago. His mother, Mary Gray, was born at Winchester, Virginia. Her father having early imbibed a hatred for slavery, and the surrounding atmosphere not being congenial to his tastes, he immi- grated to northern Ohio, where Mary, the daughter, was married to Walter in March, 1820. Cyrus G. was born the second of a family of six boys. In September, 1836, the family removed to Steuben county, Indiana, where parents and children endured the hardships and suf- fered the deprivations incident to pioneer life. Cyrus G. attended school in the proverbial log school-house during the winter months, and the balance of the year worked industriously in clearing away the forests and performing other labor usual on new farms. He also attended the Northeastern Indiana Collegiate Institute, located at Ontario, Indiana, three terms. At the age of seventeen he com- menced work in a carding mill and cloth dressing establishment, fol, lowing the business seven years. In 1848, when twenty-four years of age, he purchased eighty acres of wild land in Gilead, Branch county, Michigan. In August, 1849, he was married to Julia A. Dickinson, and they immediately made their home upon the land bought the year previous. Upon this spot they continued to live until August, 1883, when Mrs. Luce died. In November, 1883, he was again married to Mrs. Mary B}. Thompson, of Bronson, Michigan. In 1848, while still a resident of Indiana, he was nominated by the whigs as their candidate for Representative in the legislature from a district composed of DeKalb and Steuben counties. He was defeated MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 425 by el6ven majority. Mr. Luce served the township of Gilead as supervisor for twelve years. In 1854 he was elected a member of the first republican legislature; in 1858 and 1860 was elected county treas- urer, serving two terms: was a member of the Senate in 1865 and 1867; was also a member of the constitutional convention of 1867. During his service as a member of the legislature in both branches he was never absent a single day. In 1879 he was appointed state oil inspector by Governor Croswell and re-appointed in 1881 by Governor Jerome. In 1886 he was nominated by acclamation for the ofl&ce of governor by the republican convention held in Grand Rapids, and after a very vigorous campaign was elected November 2, 1886, by a vote of 181,474, while his chief opponent, George L. Yaple, received 174,042, and Samuel Dickey, 25,179. Since 1848 Mr. Luce has devoted time and energies to the cultiva- tion of his farm, having added to the first purchase until he now owns a well improved farm of three hundred acres. JEREMIAH LUDINGTON, Jr., Representative from Huron county in 1875-9, was born in Middle- bury, Vt. , May 5, 1828. He received a common school education and removed to Huron county Michigan, in 1850. For seven years post- master of Verona Mills. He has also been township treasurer, county surveyor, and local state swamp land road commissioner. CJp to the time of the great fires of 1871 he was engaged in lumbering, but having lost two saw-mills and a grist-mill, he now follows the occupation of a farmer and a merchant. In politics a Republican. LUTHER H. LUDLOW, Representative from Jackson county in 1877, was born July 10, 1814, at Ludlowville, N. Y. He was educated in the common schools, and removed to Springport, Jackson county, in 1839. He has served as justice four terms; supervisor from 1853 to 1861; in 1861-2 register of deeds; in 1869-70 county treasurer, and in 1873-4 county clerk of Jackson county. In politics a Republican. SAMUEL LUDLOW, Representative from Wayne county in 1857, was born in Ireland in 1815, and became a resident of Springwells in early life. He held the 426 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. office of justice of the peace for many years, was a farmer by occu- pation, a Democrat in politics, and died April 1, 1885. GEORGE LUTHER, Representative from Ottawa county in 1863-4-5, was born in Bristol, R. I., May 3, 1833. By occupation a merchant, in politics a Republi- can. He came to Grand Rapids, Mich., in 1841. Removed to Lament, Ottawa county. Died December 23, 1884. LUCIUS LYON, United States Senator, 1835 to 1840, territorial delegate in congress 1832 to 1835, and member congress 1843-5, was born at Shelburne, Vt., February 26, 1800, and died at Detroit, September 24, 1851. He received a common school education and studied engineering and surveying. He came to Detroit in 1822, and was appointed by the surveyor general, deputy in the territory northwest of the Ohio. Held the position until elected to congress in 1832. In 1840, after his senatorial term, he removed to Grand Rapids, where he had large land interests. Elected to congress in 1842 he served until March 4, 1845, and then was appointed surveyor general of Ohio, Michigan and Indiana, and removed to Detroit, holding the position until his death. In politics a Democrat, in religion a Swedenborgian. He never married. TRUMAN H. LYON, Was born at Shelburne, Vt., Feb. 24, 1801. He had the advantages of common schools, learned the business of a cloth dresser, and carried on that business at Hopkinton, N. Y. He was early a justice of the peace. In 1836 he came to Lyons, Michigan, where he kept hotel, was justice, side judge, and held other local offices. He was also in United States employ and was superintendent of light-houses on Lake Michigan, and let the contracts for their construction. He moved to Grand Rapids in 1840, where he kept hotel and was a merchant, and for many years postmaster. He was Senator in 1853. He was a lead- ing business man, and prominent Mason. Died Sept. 14, 1872. JAMES H. MACDONALD Was born in Northwest Inverness-shire, Scotland, in May, 1832, and has been a resident of Michigan for the past twenty-three years, his MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 4-.i7 home at present being at Escanaba, Delta county. He was formerly roadmaster of the C. & N. W. R'y Co., P. division, but at present has no fixed occupation, his income coming from his royalty on iron-ore land. He held the office of justice of the peace, and was elected to the ofiice of lieutenant-governor for 1887-8 by a vote of 181,830, against Solomon S. Curry, Democrat, 173,079, and Charles Mosher, Prohibitionist, 25,969 votes. ALMON MACK, Representative from Oakland county m 1848, was born in Tunbridge, Vt., in 1806. He joined his father at Pontiac in 1822, and was his agent. He was offered and declined the position of secretary of the first territorial council in 1834, but furnished the eighteen names from which the president selected the first council of nine. He was a mer- chant at Rochester, Mich., from 1833 to 1853, and held many positions of trust and honor. In politics a Democrat. ANDREW MACK, Representative from Detroit in 1839, was born in New London, Conn. He became a captain in the ocean merchant service and made three voyages around the world. In 1804 he drove some merino sheep, pur- chased in Spain, over the Cumberland mountains to Cincinnati, and built a woolen factory there, and was a member of the Ohio legisla- ture. Was a colonel in the war of 1812. Came to Detroit, as collector of the port in 1829, which he held until 1839. He opened and kept the Mansion hotel in 1830, and was mayor of Detroit in 1834, during the cholera visitation, and did much to relieve the sick, and as a health officer. He died in 1875, and was buried on his farm near St. Clair. Was in politics a Democrat. STEPHEN MACK Was born in Connecticut in 1763. He married Temperance Bond, and settled in Tunbridge, Vt., when a young man, and engaged in mer- cantile business. He built a hotel, and became colonel of the state militia. In 1810 he came to Detroit and engaged in mercantile busi- ness with Thomas Emerson, and they were in trade when Gen. Hull surrendered Detroit. He again, after the war of 1812, was one of the firm of Mack & Conant until 1'818. He was one of the first four set- tlers of Pontiac, in 1818, and was a member and agent of the ** Pon- 428 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. tiac company." As one of the firm of Mack, Conant & Sibley, they built the first dam, and the first saw and flouring mill at Pontiac. He also built a grist mill at Rochester. He was a member of the first territorial council of Michigan, which met at Detroit in 1824. He died at Pontiac in Nov., 1826. JOHN MAKELIM, Representative from Sanilac county in 1885-7, was born at Nassaga- weya, Ontario, June 30, 1847. In 1864 he went to Illinois, and was a railroad employe. He returned, secured an academical education, and in 1867 was a teacher at Brock way, Mich., and taught for some years. Removed to Maple Valley, Mich., in 1875, where he now resides. A merchant and station agent for the P. H. & N. W. R. R. Has been supervisor, justice, and held other offices. In politics a Republican. PETER D. MAKLEY, Representative from Oakland county in 1847, was born in Colombia county, N. Y., in 1896. He came to Michigan in 1836, and settled on a farm in Oxford, and was the first supervisor in 1837. He removed to Pontiac in 1852, where he kept hotel until his death, August 11, 1856. Politically a Democrat. ROBERT W. MALCOLM, Representative from Oakland county in 1885, was born in West Bloomfield, Mich., Feb. 18, 1844, and received his education in the common schools. He enlisted in Co. A, 22d Mich. vol. infantry, Aug^ 11, 1862. Was wounded and captured at the battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863; was held a prisoner fifteen months; was discharged at the close of the war in 1865, and has been engaged in farming ever since. Has held the office of township clerk and supervisor several terms. Was elected as a Republican. CHARLES G. MALLETT, Representative from Monroe county in 1867, was born in Connecticut, Oct. 16, 1829. By occupation a lumberman, in politics a Republican. He settled in Monroe county in 1858, and was six years director of the farmers' insurance company, and eleven years school director at Lambertville. Moved to Toledo in 1871, and to Chicago in 1880, where ho now resides. L MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 429 CHARLES F. MALLORY Was born at Albany, N. Y., Jan. 11, 1811. He came to Romeo at an early day and followed successfully the business of a merchant, from which he retired in 1879. He was a Democrat until 1856, then a Republican until 1874, since a Greenbacker and Fusionist. He has held the positions of postmaster, president, clerk and trustee of the village, township clerk, and was thrice elected Representative, serv- ing in the sessions of 1863-4-5. He has also been justice, and in 1878 was the greenback nominee for congress, but was defeated. GEORGE L. MALTZ Was born at Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1842. He removed with his parents to Detroit in 1846, and was educated in the public schools of Detroit. At the age of 18 years he enlisted as a private in the 4th Michigan infantry, was wounded in the seven days' fight before Richmond^ taken prisoner and confined at the "Old Libby." Was exchanged and returned to his regiment. At the battle of Fredericksburg he was promoted to a lieutenancy. He commanded Co. E (of Hillsdale) at the battle of Gettysburg. Here he was made adjutant of his regiment, which position he held until the expiration of his service. In 1866 he was married at Detroit to Miss Elvira E. Whiting. By profession he is a banker and lumberman, and has been a resident of the state 40 years. In Detroit he was made cashier of the internal revenue office. In 1872 he removed to Alpena and founded the bank- ing house of Geo. L. Maltz & Co., which in 1883 was organized as the Alpena national bank, of which he is now president, and is a stock- holder in, and treasurer for the Minor lumber company. He holds honorable positions in his city, has three times been made mayor, and has filled very acceptably the position of regent of the University. He was elected state treasurer by a vote of 180,727 to 174,610 for Wil- liam G. Beard, Fusionist, and 25,552 for Aaron C. Fisher, Prohi- bitionist. JAMES W. MANDIGO, Representative from St. Joseph county in 1869-70, was born in the state of New York, Nov. 30, 1819. A physician and druggist, in poli- tics a Republican. Came to White Pigeon in 1843, where he now resides. Studied medicine with Dr. W. N. Elliott. Supervisor of White Pigeon many years, several times president of the village, and trustee of the union school. 45 430 MICHIGAN^ BIOGRAPHY. CHARLES H. MANLY, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1887, was born in Living- ston county, Sept. 16, 1843, and has been a resident of Michigan his lifetime. He was formerly a farmer but at present is abstractor of real estate titles. During the war he served in Co. A, 1st reg't, Michi- gan infantry, and participated in the various battles fought by his regiment; was twice wounded and lost his left arm at the battle of Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. He has been city collector, city recorder, justice of the peace, and register of deeds three times. In politics a Democrat. EMANUEL MANN, Was born in Stuttgart, Germany, June 4, 1814. His parents came to Pennsylvania in 1826, and to Ann Arbor in 1830, being the first Ger- man family in that city. By occupation a druggist, in politics a Republican. He retired from business a few years ago, but still resides at Ann Arbor. Was Senator from Washtenaw county in 1871-2. RANDOLPH MANNING Was born in Plainfield, N. J., May 19, 1804, and died at Pontiac, August 31, 1864. He studied law in New York city, came to Michi- gan in 1832 and settled at Pontiac in the practice of the law. He was a delegate from Oakland county to the first constitutional conven- tion of 1835, and a member of the committee on judiciary, and, as such, was associated with Judge Ross Wilkins, William Trowbridge, Isaac E. Crary, Robert McClelland and others. He was a State Sena- tor in 1837. In 1836 a court of chancery was established, and in 1842 he was cbancellor as the successor of chancellor Farnsworth. This office he held for about three years, and filled it in a manner that reflected the highest credit upon him both for integrity and professional ability. At the organization of an independent Supreme Court in 1858, he was elected associate justice, and re- elected on the expiration of his term in 1861 and died while holding that position. He was a man of spotless integrity, sound discrimi- nating judgment, and of a capacity that enabled him to fill every office with honor to himself and advantage to the state. Judge Manning was secretary of state from 1838 to 1840. Hewas also a regent of the State University. In politics a Democrat, until 1854, after that a Republican. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 431 JOSEPH MANWARING, Representative from Lapeer county in 1885, was bom in Burlington county, N. J., in 1839. Removed with his parents to Avon, Oakland county, Michigan, in 1836. Received a common school and academical education at Rochester, Michigan. In 1852 he w6nt toDryden, where he entered into the mercantile business, in which he is still engaged. He was elected supervisor several years. Has s<^rved as township clerk at various times for five years. Was postmaster in 1861, and held that office until November, 1884. Has been a Republican since 1854. JOSHUA MANWARING, Senator from Lapeer and Macomb counties in 1883-5, was born in Burlington county, N. J., October 2, 1824. He removed to Avon, Michigan, in 1836, and received a common school education. In 1845 went to the present site of Greenville and engaged two years in sawing and rafting lumber. In 1847 became a merchant at Dryden, Mich., and in 1850 built the Manwaring mill at Attica, and erected buildings at Dryden and Imlay City, carrying on a lumbering business. Now resides in Lapeer. Has been supervisor. In politics a Democrat. PATRICK MARANTETTE Was born at Sandwich, Canada, March 11, 1807, and died at Mendon, Mich., May 23, 1878. At the age of sixteen he superintended the Indian trading post for Peter and James Godfrey. In 1833 he became superintendent of the trading post at Nottawa, Mich. , and was of great service to the government in the removal of the Indians from that reservation in 1840, He purchased a large farm in Mendon. In 1847 he was Representative in the legislature. He left an estate valued at $100,000. DANIEL P. MARKEY, Representative from the counties of Crawford, Oscoda, Roscommon and Ogemaw in 1885 and 1887, was born in the township of Bunker Hill, Mich., June 27, 1857. Most of his early life was spent in Pinck- ney, Livingston county, where he pursued his studies, graduating at the school in that village and afterwards engaged in teaching for several years. In 1879 he removed to Ann Arbor, obtaining a posi- tion as book-keeper for a manufacturing company. He at the same 432 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. time entered upon the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in April, 1881, in September of which year he removed to West Branchy Ogemaw county, where he still resides, and began the practice of his profession as an attorney. In 1881 he was appointed circuit court commissioner, and elected in 1883. In 1883 he was judge of probate. He was a Republican member and was re-elected for 1887-8 by a vote of 1,470 to 1,221 for J. Maurice Finn. MATTBEW MARKET, Senator from Detroit in 1877, was bom Sept. 13, 1820, in the county of Cavan, Ireland. He was educated in a common school. In 1838 he settled in Haverstraw, N. Y. In 1848 he removed to Springwells, Mich., where he resided until 1873, when he removed to Nankin. He has held several township offices, He was a Representative from Wayne county in 1873-4. He is engaged in the manufacture of brick and in farming. GILES B. MARKHAM, Representative from St. Joseph county in 1877-81-2, was born in San- disfield, Mass., March 2, 1828. He came with his parents to White Pigeon, Mich., in 1838, and received his education at a branch of the State University at that place. By occupation a farmer. He spent five years in California. He was twice elected supervisor of White •Pigeon town. In politics a Republican. THOMAS MARS, Senator from Berrien county in 1881-2, was born in Giles county, Va., May 4, 1829. In the same year the family moved to Berrien town- ship, Mich., his present home. He was raised on a farm, working in the summer and attending district school in the winter. At the age of. twenty he served a year's apprenticeship at the carpenter and joiner's trade, at which he worked ten years, securing quite a com- petence. In 1857 he went to Kansas, spending two summers there, and then went to Missouri, where he purchased an interest in a saw- mill. When the war broke out the rebels burnt his mill and his debtors all went into the rebel army, leaving him nearly financially ruined. Having returned to Berrien county in 1861, he purchased 120 acres of land and a steam saw-mill located thereon. He has filled MICHIGAl^ BIOGRAPHY. 433 various offices of trust and honor. He has been president of the Ber- rien county agricultural society two terms, president of the Berrien county pioneer society, and chairman of the executive committee of the state grange. In politics a Republican. ISAAC MARSTON Was born at Poyntzpass, county Armagh, Ireland, January 3, 1839. His father, Thomas Marston, was a small landed proprietor, of Eng- lish descent. His mother maintained and educated her children after their father's death. She apprenticed Isaac, at the age of thir- teen, to a grocer, with whom he remained three years. In 1856 he emigrated to the United States, and went to work upon a farm in Southfield, Oakland connty, Michigan, attending school about two months. In 1859 he entered the law department of the University of Michigan, and graduated in 1861. He practiced law for six months at Alma, Gratiot county, wliere he lost his office and library by fire. He then practiced for a little while at Ithaca, and in 1863 removed to Bay City, his present home. While there he was elected justice of the peace, prosecuting attorney, and city attorney. In 1873 he was elected Representative in the state legislature, to fill vacancy, for the extra session of that year. In 1874 he was appointed attorney gen- eral by Governor Bagley, to fill the vacancy caused by the resigna- tion of Byron D. Ball. He held the office nine months, and dispatched more business than had ever before been done in that office in an equal length of time. In April, 1875, he was elected justice of the Supreme Court, to fill the vacancy caused by the election of Judge Christiancy to the United States Senate. He was baptized into the church Ol Englan J, but attended the Presbyterian church. He has always been a Republican. He was re-elected justice in 1881, but resigned in 1883, and is now engaged in a lucrative law practice in Detroit. E. BROOX MARTIN, Representative from Osceola county in 1881-3-3, was born in Oakland county, Mich., Aug. 13, 1841. Received a collegiate education, and in 1863 engaged in the milling business. After a few years became a resident of Battle Creek, then of Detroit, and in 1877 of Reed City. Is still in the milling business. Politically a Republican. 434 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. GEORGE MARTIX, Representative from Wayne county in 1851, was born in the state of New York, July 9, 1819. He came to Michigan with his father's fam- ily in 1824. He has held the position of deputy collector of customs, and the offices of supervisor and justice. He is by occupation a farmer, is a Democrat in politics, and resides in Grosse Pointe. GEORGE MA.RTIN Was born in Middlebury, Vt., in 1815. He graduated at Middlebury college, studied law, and was admitted in 1836, and the same year commenced practice at Grand Rapids, Mich., and soon took high rank in the profession. He was appointed judge of the 6th circuit to fill vacancy caused by the death of Judge Mundy, and in 1852 elected to that position for six years. In 1857 he was elected chief justice of the Supreme Court. In the allotment of terms he drew the shortest, of two years, and was again chief justice for eight years in 1859, holding the position until his death, December 15, 1867. He was a Republican, and helped give the Supreme Court its high standing with the bar of this, and the courts of other states. JOHN MARTIN, Representative from Wayne county in 1837, was a native of the state of New York, born 1785. He came to Michigan in 1824, residing thereafter, with slight exception, either in Hamtramck or Grosse Point until the time of his death. May 1, 1848. He was captain of a company of New York militia, and was engaged at the sortie of Fort Erie in 1814, receiving wounds by reason of which he drew a govern- ment pension. He was the first keeper of the Windmill Point light- house at the foot of Lake St. Clair. He was the father of fourteen children, was a farmer by occupation, and a Democrat in politics. MORTIMER B. MARTIN, Representative from Shiawassee county in 1848-50, was bom in Johnstown, N. Y., October 18, 1806. He received something more than an ordinary education, and became a clerk at the age of four- teen and at sixteen took entire charge of the business. At the age of twenty-one he became a merchant. He sold out in 1834, and was made the agent of a New York syndicate to purchase lands in the MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 485 west. He spent two years in Illinois, but came to Michigan in 1836. In 1837 he bought lands in Antrim, Sh'awassee county, where he resided until his death, September 26, 1884. He was a supervisor for sixteen years, and in politics a Democrat. He had a beautiful home, and entertained many men of distinction. The roses and flowers set out by him were the first ever planted in Shiawassee county. STEPHEN MARTIN, Representative from Wayne county in 1877, was born at High Park, Ireland, December 26, 1821. He received a liberal education, pur- sued the study of architecture, and adopted the trade of a mason and builder. At the age of seventeen he emigrated to America, residing first in Brooklyn, N. Y., for eleven years. In 1849 he removed to Detroit and followed his avocation of a builder. He has been a mem- ber of the Detroit board of education; alderman for two terms; justice of the peace and director of the poor for the city of Detroit. He en- listed a company of volunteers and joined the sixteenth Michigan infantry as captain, participating in all the battles of the regiment until April, 1863, when, having become disabled, he resigned. In July, 1863, he received an appointment as captain in the veteran reserve corps, serving therein until he resigned in November, 1865. In politics a Democrat. WELLS R. MARTIN Was bom at Hoosack Falls, N. Y., March 18, 1811. He was brought up a farmer, and came to Vermontville, Michigan, in 1838. He has filled many local oflS.ces, and was a Representative in the legislature of 1848. He has been engaged in farming, mercantile business and lumbering. He secured a competence and has always exerted a strong moral influence in the community. In politics a Democrat. ANTHONY L. MASON Was born in Medina, N. ^., in 1826, and came to Galesburg, Mich., in 1848. His early education was that of common schools. He went into the dry goods trade at Galesburg. in which he continued until 1867. He removed to Kansas City in 1869, with a capital of $200,000, since increased to half a million. At one time while in trade he 436 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. stocked three flouring mills, selling the flour east at a good profit. In politics a Republican. He was supervisor of Galesburg in 1857, and a Representative in 1867. HENRY MASON, Representative from Monroe county in 1845. was born in Washington county, N. Y., August 10, 1791. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Democrat. He came to Monroe county in 1834, settled upon a farm, upon which he lived until his death, in June, 1878. H. M. MASON, Representative from the counties of Delta, Chippewa, Mackinac and Schoolcraft in 1885, was born in the state of New York in 1841. He removed to Michigan in 1844; enlisted in 1861 in the 8th Michigan infantry, and served until the close of the war. Then engaged in the drug business at Flint. Politically a Republican. JOHN T. MASON Was for a short time secretary of the territory in 1830-1, and acted a portion of the time as governor ex-officio. He was the father of Gov. Stevens T. Mason, and was born in Virginia, being the son of United States Senator Mason of that state, and of a distinguished family. He was in the territory but a few months, resigning to give his son the position he held. He was a general. LORENZO M. MASON Was Senator from St. Clair and other counties in 1844-5, and Senator from Detroit in 1869-70. He was also a Representative from Detroit in 1863-4. He was born in Castleton, Vt., in 1808, was educated at Castleton academy, studied law, and was admitted to practice in his native state. He came to Michigan in 1836, locating at Port Huron, and served a term or two as prosecuting attorney of St. Clair county. He located in Detroit in 1851. He served as police commissioner in Detroit 1865-69, and as inspector of the house of correction 1862-72. Mr. Mason did little or no law practice in Detroit, his tastes running more to active business, mainly lumbering and banking. He was a clear thinker, of cheerful and even temperament, of kindly heart and firm principles. Politics democratic. Died in 1872. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 437 STEVENS THOMSON MASON "Was the son of General John T. Mason, of Virginia, and the grand- son of Stevens Thomson Mason, also of Virginia, who was a colonel in the revolution, a leading member of the Virginia convention of 1788, and United States Senator from Virginia, from 1794 to 1803. The mother of Governor Mason was a sister of William T. Barry, post- master-general under Jackson. He was born, in Virginia in 1812. His father emigrated to Kentucky, where the son received his educa- tion. His father was secretary of the territory, and acting governor for a short time in 1830-1, and through his influence, the son was appointed secretary of the territory of Michigan by President Jack- son, although but nineteen years of age. As secretary he was ex- offlcio governor, during the absence of that officer, and much feeling was manifested, indignation meetings were held, and a deputation was sent to him to demand his commission to be returned to its source. To this demand he replied: "General Jackson appointed me with his eyes open, go home and mind your own business." The boy in years proved to be a man in thought and action, and repeatedly was acting governor, before the death of Gov. Porter, which occurred July 6, 1834. After that time he was ex-officio governor of the territory, and the people, taking upon themselves the right to organ- ize a state, without asking the advice of congress, elected hijn gov- ernor of Michigan, November 3, 1835, although the state was not admitted into the Union until several months afterwards. It was during this time that the fierce conflict arose between Ohio and Michigan, as to the ownership of a strip of territory belonging to Michigan, but over which Ohio attempted to exercise control. Gov. Lucas sent a force of militia to obtain possession, but they were met by a larger force headed by Gov. Mason and General Brown, and Michigan retained possession until a second convention of assent held at Ann Arbor, December 14, 1836, accepted the terms proposed by congress, gaining a large portion of the upper peninsula, in lieu of the small tract in dispute. Governor Mason served two terms, from November 3, 1835, to January 7, 1840. During his administration occurred the great panic of 1837, bringing ruin to many pioneers, and closing the banks which had been started without paid-in capital, bringing to a termination the gigantic projects contemplated in canals, railroads and other internal improvements. These disasters were in part attributed to him, and at the close of his second term he was not a candidate, but withdrew from political life, Removing to the city of New York, where he was engaged in the practice of law until his death, January 46 438 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 4, 1843. Ke was a man of ability, polished and genial, of fine per- sonal appearance, and was very popular. He was probably the youngest man that ever filled the position of governor, in territorial or state history, on this continent. ALONZO T. MATHER, Representative from Wayne county in 1841, was born in Moncton, Vt., May 13, 1802. He came to Detroit in 1836 and'engaged in mer- cantile and manufacturing pursuits. He afterwards removed to a farm in Dearborn, and was among the leading and [prominent citi- zens of that township until his death, July 8, 1846. He was for some years a deacon in the Baptist church in Detroit, and was father of Rev. A. E. Mather, a well known Baptist clergyman. Politics, Whig and Republican. GEORGE MATTHEWS, Representative from Ingham county in 1848, was born in Watertown, Conn., April 17, 1799. He came to Michigan in 1837, settled in the town of Meridian, Ingham county, and gave the name to the town. He was the first supervisor and held that position several terms. He built the first school-house, and was county treasurer four years. He built 23 miles of the Lansing and Detroit plank road, was elected its superintendent in 1853, and held the position seventeen years. He removed to Farmington, where he was president of the village board at the time of his death, April 20, 1870. By occupation a clothier, politically Whig, then Republican. LEVI C. MATTHEWS Was born in Connecticut and removed to Colon, St. Joseph county, Michigan, in 1833. By occupation a farmer. Representative in the legislature of 1849. RUFUS MATTHEWS, Representative in the legislature 1835-6, from Washtenaw county, was born in Connecticut, Oct. 10, 1791, was reared in western New York, acquired a common school education, worked as a carpenter and joiner, came to Michigan about 1831, and settled in Northfield as a farmer, helped organize the township, was for over twenty years MICHIGA]^ BIOGRAPHY. 439 supervisor and justice, and served a term as county treasurer. He died at Ann Arbor, Nov. 17, 1869. Politics democratic. THOMAS P. MATTHEWS, Representative from Wayne county in 1853, was born in Middlebury, Vt., December 27, 1791. He was a man of liberal education, having graduated from Middlebury college in 1811, and from Fairfield medi- cal college in 1815. He was a Representative in the Vermont legis- lature in 1820. He came to Detroit in 1834, soon after removing to Redford, and establishing a medical practice which he followed successfully for thirty years. Died November 16, 1869. Politics. Whig and Republican. BENJAMIN MAY, Representative from Wayne county in 1865, was a son of Judge James May, a prominent citizen of Detroit in the early days. He was born in Detroit in 1815. He was a retail trader, and a resident of Springwells. He seems to have contributed but little to local history, and has been dead fbr some years. Was a Democrat in politics. CHARLES S. MAY, Lieutenant Governor of Michigan in 1863-4, was born at Sandisfield, Mass. , March 22, 1830. In 1834 he removed with his father's family to Richland, Michigan, and worked on the farm until fifteen, and then became a student of the Kalamazoo branch of the State Uni- versity. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1854. He was in 1855-6 associate political editor of the Detroit Tribune, and later its Washington correspondent. He commenced practice at Battle Creek, but soon removed to Kalamazoo, and was elected prose- cuting attorney in 1860. In 1861 he resigned, raised a company for the second Michigan infantry, went into the field, but on account of ill health was compelled to resign after taking part in several battles. As lieutenant governor he was an able presiding officer. From 1856 to 1870 he was a leading republican speaker on the stump. In 1872 he supported Greeley for president, and acted with and spoke for the democratic party, but is now a political prohibitionist. He practiced law for a time in Detroit but is now in practice at Kalamazoo. 440 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. DWIGHT MAY, Lieutenant Governor of Michigan 1867-9, and attorney general 1 SCO- TS, was born in Sandisfield, Ma88., September 8, 1822, and removed with his father to Richland, Michigan, in 1834. He graduated at the University in 1849, and was admitted to the bar in 1850. He removed to Kalamazoo in 1852, and from 1855 to 1862 was prosecuting attorney, He was also school inspector, village trustee and president. In 1861 he enlisted as a private, and was elected captain of company I, 2d Michigan infantry. He resigned in December, 1861, and in October, 1862, was commissioned lieutenant colonel of the 12th Michigan infantry, became colonel and was brevetted brigadier general. He married Amelia S. Kellogg in 1849. A Republican. Died January 28, 1880. HENRY F. MAY, Representative from Grand Traverse and Wexford counties in 1879, was born at Plymouth, Michigan, February 14, 1842, where he received a common school education. In 1872 he removed to Clam Lake (now Cadillac) and engaged in the mercantile business. He has been village treasurer, trustee, county superintendent of the poor, and a member of the Cadillac city board of education. In politics a Republican. JAMES MAY Was bom in England and settled at Detroit in 1778. He was honor- ably identified with the early history of the territory. He was a colonel of militia; was appointed chief justice of the court of common pleas about 1800, and held the position seven years. He died in January, 1829. A good portrait of him is found in Sheldon's ''earl}"^ history of Michigan." When the American flag was hauled down, at the surrender of Detroit by General Hull, he got possession of it, and hoisted it again when that city was surrendered by the British. He was the author of an interesting article on the condition of Detroit in 1778. WILLIAM C. MAYBURY Was born at Detroit, November 20, 1850. He graduated from the high school in 1866, and entered the class of 1870, in the Michigan University. He entered the law office of G. V. N. Lothrop in 1870 and graduated in the law class of 1871 of the University. He was MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 441 city attorney in 1875 and 1877. He was also lecturer on medical jurisprudence in the Michigan college of medicine at Detroit. He was nominated for member of congress in 1880, and defeated. He received the degree of "M. A." from the University of Michigan in 1881. In 1882 he was elected Representative in the forty-eighth congress. In 1884 he was re-elected to congress on the democratic ticket. At the expiration of his congressional term in 1887 he re- sumed law practice in Detroit. IRA MAYHEW Was born in Ellis burg, N. Y., in 1814. He received an academical education, and taught from 1833 to 1836. He was principal of the Adams academy 1837 to 1841, then superintendent of schools in Jefferson county, N. Y. He came to Michigan in 1843 and was principal of the Monroe branch of the University. By appointment he became superintendent of public instruction, and held it from April 17, 1845, to March 28, 1849. He was active and efficient in his duties, and in 1849 published a book entitled, " Means and ends of universal education." In 1851 published a treatise on book-keeping. In 1852 was principal of Albion seminary, and in 1854 was elected superintendent of public instruction, and was again elected in 1856, serving from 1855 to 1859, and in all holding that position eight years. He then established the Albion commercial college, which was removed to Detroit and successfully managed by him for many years. He was collector of internal revenue for the third district, 1862-5. Now retired. A Democrat until 1854, since a Republican. AARON B. MAYNARD Was born in Peru, Vt., October 22, 1816. When young his parents removed first to Washington, then to Saratoga county, N. Y., and when he was eighteen, to Cambridge, Vt. He entered Middlebury college in 1886, and in 1837 the University of Vermont, at Burlington, where he remained two years. He went to Talbot county, Md., and was a tutor three years, returned to Vermont in 1841, studied law* was admitted in 1842, and opened an office in Richmond, Vt. In 1843 he married Julia Edmunds, sister of Senator Edmunds, of Ver- mont. He practiced law there until 1855, then removed to Michigan, and went into business at Detroit, and had a large and lucrative practice. He was U. S. district attorney for eastern Michigan for eight years, under President Grant, and is still in practice. He has a 442 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. fine farm and buildings in the town of Ray, near Romeo, Macomb county, which has been his family home. In politics a Republican. LOREN MAYNARD, Senator from Calhoun county, sessions of 1846-7, was born in Madi- son, N. Y., December 22, 1801. By occupation a farmer, politically a Democrat. He settled in Marengo, Mich., m 1833, erected a log house and opened a tavern. The first ball in the town was given there in 1834. He built a better hotel in 1836, which he kept until 1844. He was sheriff of Calhoun county from 1839 to 1842. Held the offices of postmaster and supervisor. Died December 5, 1855. PERRY MAYO, Senator from Branch and Calhoun counties in 1837, was born in Hancock, N. Y., June 14, 1829. Settled on a farm with his father in 1850 at Con vis, Mich. , had a fair education, and was a teacher for some years. Served three years as a private in the second Michigan infantry, and was twice wounded. Now resides on a farm in the town of Marshall. Has been town superintendent of schools, and lecturer and general deputy for the Michigan state grange. A Re- publican in politics. ANDREW C. MAXWELL, Representative from Bay county in 1865, was born at Pompey Hill, N. Y., July 11, 1831. In 1844 his father settled on a farm at White Lake, Mich. From 1849 to 1852 he was a student at Oberlin college^ He taught school at Lapeer in 1852. Studied law at Pontiac and was admitted in 1853, practiced at Lapeer, and was prosecuting attorney in 1854. In 1857 removed to Bay City and is still there in practice, also farming and real estate. Many years a supervisor. Has twice been a candidate for the state senate, and ran for congress in 1882. In politics a Democrat. GEO. C. MCALLISTER, Representative from Barry county in 1879, was born in Norfolk, N. Y., June 12, 1833. He received a common school education; came to Hickory Corners, Mich., in 1856. In 1860 he went to Sonora, Cali- fornia, and worked in the mines four years. Returned to Michigan MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 443 in 1864. Removed to Ft. Wayne, Ind., and engaged in insurance business, first as deputy secretary, afterwards as director and general agent of the Ft. Wayne insurance company. Returning to Prairie- ville, Mich., in 1866, he engaged in farming. In politics a National. WILLIAM McARTHUR, Representative from Cheboygan and other counties in 1877, was born in Steuben county, N. Y., April 13, 1825. He received an academical education, and was a resident of Rochester, N. Y., 1860-70, and of Chicago, 111., 1870-3. Settled at Cheboygan, Mich., in 1873. Since 1850 was largely engaged as a contract9r on railroads, canals, etc. Since 1866 has been the head of a Jarge lumber firm at Cheboygan. In politics a Democrat. SANDS McCAMLEY, Representative from Calhoun county 1837-43, and Senator in 1839-40, was born in Orleans county, N. Y., and came to Nottawa Prairie, Mich., in 1831, then went to Marshall, and in 1834 bought land form- ing part of the site of Battle Creek, Gen. Con vis being his partner. He dug the long race, built a saw-mill and made other improvements. He was county associate judge 1833-6. A man of intellect, sagacity, sound judgment and resolute will. Died April 30, 1864. THOMAS Mccarty, Representative from Saginaw county in 1850, was born in Boston, Mass., September 10, 1810. He came with his father to Saginaw county in 1835, and settled as a farmer in the township of Tittabawas- see. He was several terms a supervisor. In politics a Democrat, Died September 22, 1855. HUGH McCLELEND, Representative from Wayne county in 1885, was born in Toronto, Ontario, October 27, 1851; received a common school education; learned the trade of cigar making, and removed to Detroit in 1871. In 1872 took a trip east, working in several towns in New York state; returned to Detroit in 1875, whete he has siace remained working at his trade. In politics Labor-Republican. 444 MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY. ROBERT MCCLELLAND. No man in our history rendered so varied a public service during the first quarter of a century of the state's existence as Robert McClelland. He was born at Greencastle, Pa., August 2, 1807. As a teacher he acquired means to take the course at Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., from which he graduated in 1829, and in 1831 was admitted to the bar at Chambersburg, Pa. , coming to Monroe, Michigan, in 1833. He there entered upon practice. His subsequent political career may be thus calendared : 1835, member of the first constitu- tional convention; 1839, member and speaker pro tem of the lower House of the legislature; 1840, again member of the House; 1843, member and speaker of the House; 1843 to 1849, elected for three consecutive terms as member of congress, serving through the twenty-eighth, twenty-ninth and thirtieth congresses; 1850, member of the constitutional convention of that year; 1851, elected governor of the state for the then short term of one year, and in 1852 re-elected for the term of two years; 1853, appointed March 4, secretarj'^ of the interior by President Pierce, serving the full term of four years, having of necessity resigned the office of governor, the term extend" ing to Dec. 31, 1854, being filled by Lieut. Governor Parsons. Here was a period of twenty-two years during fifteen of which Gov. McClelland was in the public service, and during the last twelve of these years consecutively, receiving continuous promotion. His last public service was as a member of the constitutional convention of 1867 from Wayne county, where he was then a resident. He was thus a member of the three conventions that have been held to con- struct or revise the fundamental law of the state. During his congressional term Gov. McClelland was a member and then chair- man of the committee on commerce, and favored and procured in some degree legislation for the improvement of lake harbors. Gov. McClelland supported John Quincy Adams in his demand for the right of petition, and voted to receive a bill offered by Mr. Giddings for the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia, also supported the "Wiimot Proviso," designed to prohibit slavery in newly acquired territory. As secretary of the interior Gov. Mc- Clelland introduced many reforms, and his administration of the department was above reproach. He was a pure man, both in his official, his professional, and his personal life. He was a delegate to the national conventions in 1848 and 185^. At the close of his term as secretary of the interior he settled in Detroit, doing some office practice, though mainly giving his attention to private business. He made a European tour in 1870, and died at his home in Detroit, August 30, 1880. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 445 HENRY F. Mccormick, Representative from Kent county in 1879, was born July 18, 1844, at Alcott , N". Y. He removed with his father's family to Grand Rapids, in 1856. Was in the army during the war. He was supervisor of Grand Rapids five terms. He received an academical education. Occupation, farming. Politics, Greenback. JAMES w. Mccormick, Representative from the first district of Allegan, was born at Allegan, Michigan, Feb. 22, 1838. He is at present engaged in farming and fruit growing, is a member of the bar, but has never made the practice of the law his means of support. Mr. McCormick has held the office of justice twenty-four years, supervisor fifteen years, and was elected to the legislature of 1885-6 on the Republican ticket, and reelectedfor 1887-8 by a vote of 1,946 to 1,710 for E. R. Reid, and 545 for N. W. Lewis, Prohibitionist. WILLIAM B. McCREERY, State treasurer, 1875-9, was born at Mt. Morris, N. Y., Aug. 27, 1826. Came with his father to Genesee county, Mich. , in 1838, and received a common school and academical education. Worked in his father's saw-mill until 1852, then was chief clerk to his father, as county treasurer, six years. Studied law, was admitted in 1860, and began practice at Flint. He went into service as a private in 1861 in the 2d Michigan infantry. He was gradually promoted to lieutenant colonel, was transferred to the 21st Michigan, and became colonel. He was three times wounded, and confined in Libby prison, from which he made his escape. He resigned from ill health in 1864, the acceptance by Gen. Thomas being the most noteworthy received by a Michigan soldier. He was mayor of Flint 1865-6, and in 1871-4 internal revenue collector. For several years past has been an efficient member of the state board of agriculture, in charge of the state agricultural college. Politically a Republican, and a delegate to the republican national convention of 1888. HUGH McCURDY, Senator from Shiawassee county in 1865, was born in Hamilton, Scotland, in 1829. Came with his parents to Birmingham, Mich., in 47 446 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 1837. Learned the trade of a cooper, and worked at it for years. Attended select school, was a freight agent, and from 1847 taught several years. Attended Romeo academy, studied law, was admitted in 1854, settled in practice at Corunna, where he now resides. Has been prosecuting attorney, judge of probate, many years supervisor, and from 1865-73, president of the national bank at Coranna. In politics, a Democrat. Is a prominent Mason, and has held all the high offices in that order, and was lately grand general issimo of the grand encampment of the United States. He laid the comer stone of the state capitol as grand master in 1872. WARREN McCUTCHEON Was born at Epsom, N. H., Sept. 17, 1815. By occupation a farmer. In politics, a Whig until 1854, since a Republican. He emigrated to Ohio where he held local offices, and settled at Ransom, Hillsdale county. He was ten years supervisor, and a representative in 1867. Died May 10, 1876. JOHN McDERMID, Senator from Hillsdale county in 1861-2, was born in Ballston, N. Y. in 1808. He was a farmer and miller, and a Republican in politics. Came from Livingston county, N. Y., in 1835, and settled in Cambria, Hillsdale county. The village of Cambria Mills takes its name from the mills built by him. When he settled there were no traces of civilization. Died May 16, 1868. JOHN McDERMOTT, Representative from Detroit in 1859, was born in Ireland in 1826, and came to Detroit in 1844. He was a ship-builder by occupation and was connected with vessel interests until 1861, when he raised a company which was mustered into the service as company *'A" of the twenty- third Illinois infantry, and formed part of the famous "Mulligan brigade," in the war of the rebellion. He was taken prisoner at the siege of Lexington, Mo., resigned his captaincy in November, 1861, and in January, 1862, was appointed lieutenant colonel of the fifteenth Michigan infantry, serving until September 18, 1863, when he was mustered out at his own request. In 1864 Col. McDermott removed to Bay City, and was deputy collector of cus- toms at that port from 1866 to 1883. He is now engaged in the I MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 447 insurance business at Bay City. He was a Democrat prior to and during his legislative term, but a Republican during and since the JAMES Mcdonald, Representative from Lenawee county in 1840-46, was born August 11, 1796, and died August 19, 1848. A farmer, in politics a Whig. Settled in Lenawee county, Mich., in 1837. JOHN McDONNEL Was a native of Scotland, born in 1779. The time of his coming to Michigan is not known, but he was in business in Detroit during the war of 1812, and* thoroughly Americanized. His name appears with those of other residents signed to a protest against an order of the British commandant. Proctor (after Hull's surrender), requiring a number of leading citizens to leave the country. He also rendered much benevolent service in ransoming American captives from the Indians during the British occupation. He was appointed an associ- ate justice of the county territorial court in 1817; was a member of the legislative council, 1828-34: a member of the constitutional con- vention of 1835, and of the first "convention of assent" (or dissent) in 1836; was a member of the state senate 1855-67, and collector of the port of Detroit, 1839-41. He held besides, the local offices of alder- man, justice, etc. Politically he was in sympathy with the national administration during the period of his public life. He died October 1, 1846. MALCOLM McDOUGALL, Representative from Lenawee county in 1853, was born in the state of New York, in May, 1813. A farmer, in politics a Democrat. He came to Bridgewater in 1838, where he still resides. He has been a justice in that town for thirty-six years. CROCKETT Mcelroy, Senator from St. Clair county in 1877-9. was born December 31, 1835, near Dundas, Ontario. He received a common school education; came to Michigan in 1848; lived about five years in Detroit; ten years in St. Clair county; ten years in Macomb county, then in St. Clair City. He has been supervisor, justice, school inspector and com- missioner of highways, village trustee, a postmaster, and mayor of 448 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. St. Clair city. He has been clerk, teacher, merchant and manu- facturer. For many years he was extensively engaged in the manu- facture of cut staves and circled heading, and president and general manager of the Marine City stave company. In politics a Re- publican. JAMES McFARLANE, Representative from Wayne county in 1847, was a native of Scotland, born May 10, 1810. He came to the United States at the age of eighteen, residing for brief periods at Patcrson, N. J., Hudson, N. Y. and Peru, 111., and in 1839 settled in Greenfield, Mich. He was supervisor ten years. A democrat in politics, although voting for Fremont in 1856 and Lincoln in 1860. Occupation, farmer. Died March 30, 1880. NEAL McGAFFEY, Representative from St. Joseph county in 1837, settled at White Pigeon in 1829, and was the first lawyer in St. Joseph county, having been admitted to practice August 17, 1830. He was one of the four who owned and recorded the plat of the village of White Pigeon in 1830. He taught the first school at White Pigeon in 1831. He built a house in 1830 and planted the first ai)ple tree. He was town clerk in 1830-31, justice of the peace from 1829 to 1835, and was public prosecutor in 1839, and president of the village in 1837. After practicing over a quarter of a century he removed to Texas. PATRICK McGINNIS, , • Representative from Wayne county in 1877, was born in 1820, at the village of Aranghantareghan, Ireland. In 1834 he emigrated to the United States and settled at Mt, Clemens, Michigan. He afterward removed to Detroit and went to work in the printing office of the old Morning Post in 1836. He subsequently went into the mercantile business, afterwards selling out and removing to Laingsburg, Mich. , where he kept a general store and traded with the Indians. He returned to Detroit and went into the real estate auctioneering business. He was deputy city marshal and city marshal, and for three years an alderman. In politics, a Democrat, Deceased. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 449 JAMES McGONEGAL, Representative from Detroit in 1871-2, is a native of Ireland, born in 1821. He came to Detroit when a young man and engaged in active business, being for many years a wood dealer, receiving supplies by the cargo by means of the river boats. He was an alderman, 1863- 67. In politics, a Democrat, although affiliating with the Greenback" ers, 1876 to 1880. Now in business at Kansas City, Mo. JAMES H. McGOWAN, Representative in congress 1877-81, was born in Mahoning county, Ohio, April 2, 1837. He graduated at the Michigan University in 1861, became principal of the high school at Cold water, in 1862 enlisted as a private in the 5th Michigan cavalry, was captain in the 9th cavalry, and served until 1864. He studied law and was admitted to practice in 1867, graduating from the Ann Arbor law school in 1868. He practiced at Cold water, was prosecuting attorney four years and senator in 1873, and regent of the university. Now in law practice at Washington, D. C. Politically, a Republican. THOMAS McGRAW Was born in county Armagh, Ireland, March 1, 1783, where he learned the trade of linen weaving. Being dissatisfied with the union of Ireland and England, which took place early in 1801, he left Ireland that year and came to Orange county, N. Y., married and lived there weaving and farming until 1830, when he removed to Bloomfield, Michigan, settling on a farm, where he died April 19, 1858. He was a Democrat in politics, and a Representative in 1847, JOHN A. McGregor, Representative- from Saginaw county in 1885-7, was born in that county September 7, 1839. He received a good common school education, is a farmer, and a Republican. A supervisor six years, and town treasurer two years. JAMES R. McGURK, Senator from St. Clair county in 1881-2, was born in Belfast, Ireland, March 16, 1843. Came with his parents to Hamilton, Canada, in 1848. 450 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. Received a good education and studied medicine in Canada, Ann Arbor and Detroit. He was a teacher six years. Graduated at the Detroit medical college and in 1870 commenced practice at Capac, Mich. Many years town superintendent of schools. In politics a Republican. DONALD •McINT YRE, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1855, was born in Johns- town, N. Y., June 5, 1807. He received a common school and academical education, studied law, was admitted in 1826, and com- menced practice. He was the first judge of the new county of Fulton. He opened a banking office at Ann Arbor, Mich., in 1845, and continued in that business until 1872, then returned to Johns- town, N. Y., and is now president of the Johnstown bank. He was for six years a regent of the University. In politics a Republican. DUGALD McINTYRE, Representative from Sanilac county in 1881-2, was born in Argyle- shire, Scotland, July 15, 1840. He received a common school educa- tion; came to Michigan in the fall of 1860, and engaged in lumbering. He is now engaged in farming. He was elected supervisor of the township of Argyle in 1878, which office he held several years. He has been chairman of the board of supervisors. Politically a Republican. GEORGE R. McKAY Was born in 1817, and came to Michigan in 1852. He purchased and lived upon a farm in Marengo, Calhoun county. He was supervisor, master of the grange, and a Representative in 1865. Now a resident of Chicago. ROBERT G. McKEE Was born in Arlington, Vt., January 10, 1813. He received an academical education and attended Rensselaer institute at Troy, N. Y. He came to Michigan in 1836, and followed his profession, sur- veying roads and farms in the central part of the state. While a resident of DeWitt, he was nominated by the democrats and elected a Representative in 1839, being the youngest member of that body, his district comprising Genesee, Shiawassee and Clinton counties. In MICHIGAl?^ BIOGRAPHY. 451 1852 he went overland to California, where he remained until 1856. Of late years he has followed farming, and lives in the village of Laingsburg. SILAS D. McKEEN, Representative from Lapeer county in 1837, came to Lapeer county from New Hampshire and began practice. He had ability and would have risen to wealth and high station except for his habits. Died many years since. ANTHONY McKEY, Senator from Lenawee county in 1837-8, was born in Delhi, N. Y. , Jan. 3, 1800. When nine years old his father removed to Chemung county, N. Y., where he worked until eighteen, when he commenced teaching school. He came to Michigan in 1826, taught school for a time at Monroe, and in 1828 settled on a farm in Deerfield (then Blissfield). In 1828 he was appointed postmaster at Kedzie's Grove (now Deerfield), and held that position until his death, Jan. 28, 1849. He was a surveyor and prominent contractor on the Lake Shore road, located and surveyed several state roads, and was seven years a supervisor. In politics a Democrat, and an intimate friend of Cass, Barry and McClelland. Of fine person, and a typical Scotch gentle- man of culture. JOHN Q. McKERNAN, Representative from the Upper Peninsula in 1863-4-5-7-9-70, was born in Little Britain, N. Y., Jan. 10, 1823. He came to Washtenaw county in 1832, lived in White Oak from 1837 to 1848, then removed to Houghton county. Has lived in several towns there, and is now postmaster at L'Anse. In politics a Democrat. He was four years sheriff of Houghton county, has been supervisor, justice, village president, superintendent of poor, and held many other offices. He was a delegate to the constitutional convention of 1867. By trade a carpenter, but has been a lumberman, surface agent of copper mines, etc. JAMES L. McKIE, Representative from Berrien county in 1885-7, was born in Neshoba county, Miss., Feb. 10, 1837. Lived in Illinois from 1844 to 1854 » since at Three Oaks, Mich., except two years a clerk at Niles. Now 452 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. in mercantile business. Has been supervisor five terms, and held many village and town offices. In politics a Democrat. JOHN McKINNEY Was born in Pennsylvania in 1803. He came to Michigan in 1837, settled in VanBuren county, where he died July 10, 1870. He was Representative in 1848; State Senator in 1849-50; secretary of state 1855 to 1859; state treasurer in 1859 and 1860. In politics, first a Democrat, a Republican after 1854. Deceased. SHELDON Mcknight, Representative from Detroit in 1857, was bo^'n in Herkimer county, N. Y., in 1810. Came to Detroit in 1820, learned the trade of a printer, in 1827 took an interest in the Detroit Gazette, which was merged in the Free Press in 1830, and edited by him until 1836. He was postmaster of Detroit 1836 to 1841. In 1845 he was appointed by President Polk agent to examine the mineral resources of the Upper Peninsula, took up his residence at the Sault, established a line of vessels, and was the chief factor in building a railroad around the rapids, which was the means of transit until the canal was built. Politically a Democrat. He was efficient in the establishment of the insane asylum at Kalamazoo, and was one of its first board of trus- tees. Died at Washington, July 21, 1860. DYCKES McLACHLIN, Representative from Monroe county in 1875, was born in the town of Ayr, Scotland, June 26, 1814. He came to Whitehall, N. Y., in 1822, and in 1850 he removed to Summerfield, Mich., where he has been engaged in farming, lumbering and selling goods. He has been a justice, notary public, and supervisor. In politics a Republican. JAMES McMAHON Was born in county Clare, Ireland, April 4, 1819. He received his education there, leaving college before graduating. Settled in Ann Arbor in 1837, and worked as a blacksmith, a trade learned by him when a boy. He was a Whig, but became a Republican at the organization of that party. He studied law and served fourteen years as justice, with over 5,000 cases on his docket. He was super- MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 463 visor and chairman of the county board for several years; circuit court commissioner two years; and during the war provost marshal two years. He was Representative from 1857 to 1861, and was an able and influential member. Deceased. JOEL W. McMAHON, Senator from the counties of Sanilac and Huron in 1883, was born in Sanilac county, June 29, 1848, ^nd has never had a residence outside of that county. He was admitted to the bar in 1873, since which time he has resided at Marlette, engaged in the practice of his pro- fession. He has served as prosecuting attorney one term. He is a Republican. DANIEL D. McMARTIN, Representative from Allegan county in 1863-4, was born in Amster- dam, N. Y., February 8, 1808. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Republican. Came to Michigan in 1838, and settled in an unorgan- ized town in Allegan county, since called Martin, a part of his name. Afterwards removed to Gunplain, where he lived until 1865. Now resides at Kalamazoo. Has been justice four terms, and six times a supervisor. NEAL MCMILLAN, Representative from Kent county in 1877, was born at Godman- chester, Quebec, December 25, 1845. He has been a resident of Michigan since 1850, was formerly farmer and teacher, is now a druggist, has held the offices of supervisor, county superintendent of schools, village recorder, treasurer and alderman, and was elected Representative as a Republican, for 1887-8, by a vote of 2,209 to 1,578 . for James Ward, and 652 for Charles Oldfield, Prohibitionist. JOHN W. McNABB, Representative from Newaygo county in 1879-85, was born in Wyan- dotte county, Ohio, January 20, 1846. His parents moved to Indiana in 1851, where he attended the common schools and academy until seventeen, when he entered Fort Wayne college. After one year in that institution he entered Wabash college, and remained two years; taught school one year; studied medicine three years at Rochester, Indiana, then entered the medical department of the University of 48 454 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. Michigan. He returned to Indiana and practiced medicine one year, after which he removed to Newaygo county, Michigan, where he has since been engaged in his profession. Dr. McNabb has held the office of justice, township clerk, and superintendent of schools; was elected to the legislature in 1878 on the national greenback ticket, and again in 1884, receiving 2,155 votes to 1,903 for William T. Carpenter, Republican, and 314 for Jas. H. Edwards, Prohibition. He was one of the most humorous speakers that ever held a seat in the House. WILLIAM McNAIR Was born in Bucks county, Pa., January 1, 1800. He emigrated to Michigan in 1826, and became a merchant at Tecumseh, and after- wards a farmer. In politics a Democrat. He was a Representative ml849. MOSES A. McNAUGHTON Was born in Argyle, N. Y., January 3, 1813. He received an aca- demical education, and was two years in Union college; read medicine and graduated at Fairfield, N. Y., in 1840. He settled at Jackson, Michigan, in 1841, and practiced medicine successfully for ten years* when he turned his attention to real estate, in which he was success- ful. He also was interested in the building of railroads, among them the Jackson branch of the Michigan Southern, and the Grand River Valley, of which he was treasurer. He was elected on the free soil ticket as Senator in 1853, and was mayor of Jackson in 1866-7. JOHN L. McNEIL Was bom at Charlotte, Vt., October 10, 1813. He received a com- mon school education and worked on his father's farm until twenty- one, and then took charge of his father's hotel in Charlotte. In 1836 he emigrated to Michigan and settled in Atlas, Genesee county, upon a farm. He filled various local offices, and as a Democrat was a Representative in 1849. JACOB L. McPEEK, Senator from Barry and Eaton counties in 1879, was bom in Oxford, Ohio, May 4, 1848, and removed to Michigan with his parents in 1852, settling on a farm near Grand Ledge. In 1867 he moved into the MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 455 village. He received a good education and opened a real estate and collection office in Grand Ledge. In 1875 he was admitted to the bar, and has since been in the practice of the law. In politics a Republican. WILLIAM Mcpherson, jr., Commissioner of railroads, 1885 to 1887, was born at Inverness, Scot- land, March 9, 1834, came to this country and has resided at Howell since 1836, and attended such schools as that place afforded at that time. At the age of sixteen he entered the store of his father as a clerk, and when a little more than twenty-one years of age, in 1856, he became a partner with his father, and until about one year ago remained in the firm, under the name of William McPherson & Sons, general merchants, and dealers in wool and other farm products. He also engaged extensively in real estate in Livingston county and out- side, owning and dealing in farm, timber, and mineral lands, as well as village and city property, and lately has given his attention to real estate matters, the purchase of wool and other private business. Mr. McPherson is a Republican. A. T. McREYNOLDS, Representative from Detroit in 1840, was born at Dungannon, Ireland, Dec. £5, 1808, came to Pittsburg, Pa., in 1840, and was a member of the " Duquesne Greys," the first military company west of the Alle- ghanies, after the war of 1812. Removed to- Detroit in 1833, in 1884 became a major on the staff of Gen. A. S. Williams, then commanding the state militia. In 1834-5 organized the Brady guards. He studied law and was admitted in 1840. He was eleven years lieut. colonel or colonel of the 1st Michigan regiment; was captain of the Mont- gomery guards; in 1847 was captain of dragoons, U. S. army, and served in the Mexican war, his company and that of Phil Kearney, forming Scott's body guard; for his bravery in the charge on the gates of Mexico received the thanks of the president and senate, having been disabled for life; returned to Detroit and practiced law until 1861; in 1861 was commissioned colonel of the " Lincoln cavalry," the first regiment in that arm of the service; was in command of a brigade two years, and of a division six months. He was an alderman of Detroit two years; Indian agent three years; Senator in 1847; mem- ber and first president of the Detroit board of education; U. S. district attorney of western Michigan under Johnson; democratic candidate for congress in 1872; prosecuting attorney of Muskegon 456 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. county in 1874. He was first a Whig, and was a delegate to the national convention of 1839 that nominated Harrison, but of later years a Democrat. Resides at Grand Rapids and was long president of the state association of veterans of the Mexican war. GEORGE MEACHEM, Representative from Cass and other counties in 1839, and Senator in 1859, was born in Oneida county, N. Y., June 18, 1799. He came to Ann Arbor in 1826, but soon became a farmer in Cass county, and was the first sheriff of that county. He was a supervisor many terms. First a Whig then a Republican. Deceased. DARIUS MEAD, Representative from Lenawee county in 1835, was born in Lanesboro, Mass., in 1800. He was a farmer and a Democrat. Settled in Mich- igan in 181>3, and was a justice and associate county judge of Lenawee county. Died at Blissfield in 1859. ELISHA F. MEAD Was born in Hinesburg, Vt., in 1836. A Republican in politics, a lawyer by profession. He came to Michigan with A. B. Maynard in 1854, opened an office in Romeo, and practiced law until his mind failed. He returned to Vermont in 1871, where he still lives. He served one term as prosecuting attorney of Macomb county, and was a Representative in 1867-9-70. HENRY S. MEAD Was the first lawyer at Hillsdale, Michigan, and settled in that place about 1840. He was an able and popular man, and was Represent- ative in 1850, and Senator in 1851. He practiced law for twelve years, and died at Hillsdale in 1852. CHARLES MEARS, Senator from Mason and other counties in 1863-4, was born in North Billerica, Mass., in 1814. He received an academical education, and was for a time a general merchant in Lowell, Mass., but in 1836 opened, with his brothers, a store at Paw Paw, Mich. Later removed to White Lake, and then to the present site of Ludington. He built MICHIGAIT BIOGRAPHY. 457 the fine harbors of Duck Lake, White Lake, Pentwater, Ludington and Pere Marquette, and was a lumberman and owner of pine lands. Later he became a leading business man in Chicago. JOHN N. MELLEN, Senator from Macomb county in 1873-4-5, was born September 30, 1831, in Garry, N. Y. He received a common school education. He emigrated to Washington, Mich., in 1837. In 1841 he removed to Lenox, and in 1869 to Romeo. From 1849 to 1864 he was engaged in the United States topographical survey of California, Oregon and Washington Territory. He was also employed by the government in establishing the subdivisions of counties and towns in Dakota terri- tory, Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan. His occupation now is that of a grain and lumber merchant. Politically a Democrat. DAVID MENZIE Was born about 1815 in Johnstown, N. Y. He received a common school education, and his medical diploma at Hartford, Conn. He came to Concord, Michigan, about 1837, and served as supervisor several years. He was a Representative in 1845. He died in 1854. JAMES MERCER, Senator from Houghton, Ontonagon, Baraga, Keweenaw and Isle Royal counties in 1883, was born in London, England, in September, 1830. His parents emigrated in 1833, and were residents of Michigan when it became a state. He received his education at common schools and from private tutors. He acquired his early business education in Detroit. In 1850 he removed to Lake Superior, where he has since remained, being closely identified with the general development of that section of the state. He was a member of the House in 1881 and '83. WILLIAM MERCER, Representative from Ionia county, in 1875, was born in Saratoga county, N. Y., Oct. 18, 1824. He completed his education at the Pontiac district school. He removed to Michigan in 1831, and was the first supervisor elected in Campbell, Ionia county. He has been 458 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. town treasurer and deputy sheriff, a merchant and grain dealer, and extensively engaged in manufacturing boat oars. In politics a Democrat. ELIAS W. MERRILL Was born in Falmouth, Maine, Oct. 2, 1812, and was educated at the common schools and Maine Wesleyan seminary. He came to Grand Rapids in 1837, removed to Muskegon in 1844, and there engaged in the lumbering business. He held various offices in town and county. He was Representative in 1857, and Senator in 1865. In 1869 he was appointed postmaster of Muskegon, and held the office until 1875. He has been a prominent business man of Muskegon. In politics a Republican. ABRAHAM T. METCALF, Representative from Kalamazoo county in 1875, was born Feb. 26, 1831, in Whitestown, N. Y. He received an academical education, and graduated at the New Orleans dental college. In 1848 he went to Battle Creek, but shortly afterwards returned to New York state. In 1854 he again came to Michigan, and in February, 1855, commenced the practice of his profession in Kalamazoo. He was chairman of the democratic county committee from 1860 to 1865; trustee of the village of Kalamazoo in 1869, and a member of the board of education. In 1855 he took an active part in the organization of the Michigan state dental association. In politics a Democrat. ALFRED R. METCALF, Representative from St. Joseph county in 1841, was born in Otsego county, N. Y., Oct. 3, 1802. Came to Michigan in 1834. A farmer, and politically, first Republican, now Prohibitionist. Lived for forty-five years on his farm in Michigan, but moved to Blandinsville, 111. , in 1879, where he now resides. HENRY MEYER, Representative from St. Clair county in 1883, was born Jan. 1, 1828, at Vorie, Germany. He received a common school education. He learned the carpenter's trade in Hanover. In 1851 he came to Detroit, where he worked twelve years for James Shearer, builder. In 1863 he moved to Fair Haven, St. Clair county, and MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 459 built in 1875 the Swan Creek steam grist mill; his occupation is farming and milling. In politics a Republican. He has held the office of town treasurer and supervisor, each eight years. LOUIS MEYER, Representative from Livingston county, in 1875, was born in Han- over, Germany, in 1838. He was educated in German and English, and removed from Germany to Michigan in 1852. He is by occupa- tion a farmer. In politics a Democrat. Now resides in Lansing and is connected with the Lansing wagon works. JOHN MICKLE Came from Oswego, New York, to Michigan in 1831. He was the first settler in Reading, Hillsdale county. He was a Whig, and Representative in the legislature of 1842, and associate judge of the county. The home he built of black walnut logs in 1838, is still standing. By occupation a farmer. CHAS. E. MICKLEY, Senator from Lenawee county in 1873, was born August 26, 1818, in Bucks county. Pa. He emigrated to Michigan in 1833, and settled in Fairfield, Lenawee county. He was a member of the House in 1865-7. He was the first to move in the matter of admitting women to the state university. He has also been a member of the state public school board, and president of Lenawee county agricultural society. A farmer by occupation. CYRUS MILES, Representative from St. Clair county in 1865-9-70, was born in Fowler, N. Y., April 13, 1828. By occupation a lawyer and banker, politically a Democrat. Came to Port Huron in 1852, and went into the banking business in 1856. Was mayor of Port Huron in 1864 and 1865. Died March 2, 1877. FABIUS MILES Was born in Watertown, N. Y., Dec. 31, 1814. He received an academical education, and became a teacher. In 1838 he established I 460 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. the Watertown normal school, and continued it with great success until 1844. In 1844 he located in Hartford, Mich., built a saw-mill and engaged in lumbering from 1847 to 1860. He was the owner of several hundred acres of land. Originally a Democrat, he became a Free Soiler in 1848, and helped organize the Republican party in 1854. He was a Representative in 1859. He supported Greeley in 1872, and Peter Cooper in 1876. GEORGE MILES Was born at Amsterdam, N. Y., April 5, 1789. He was of New England descent and was self educated. He studied law and was admitted in 1822. He attained distinction and was district attorney of Alleghany county, N. Y. In 1837 he removed to Ann Arbor, and engaged in the practice of his profession. On the resignation of Judge Goodwin from the Supreme Court in 1846, he was appointed to fill the vacancy, and held it until his death in 1850. He was a man of commanding personal appearance, presided with dignity, and his opinions upon legal questions were concise and able. MARCUS H. MILES Was born in the State of New York in 1813. Emigrated to Michigan about 1836, and settled at Port Huron. In 1837 he went to Newport, now Marine City, and engaged in mercantile business. He was postmaster there and a Whig in politics. In 1838 he was elected clerk of St. Clair county and removed to St. Clair. He was re-elected in 1840, serving from 1839 to 1843. In 1848 and 1850 he was elected county clerk, serving in that office eight years. In 1852 he was admitted to the bar and began practice; in 1854 was elected circuit court commissioner; in 1856 was elected judge of probate, serving until 1861. In 1863 he enlisted in the 11th Michigan cavalry as a lieutenant, and during nearly all the time of his service acted as judge advocate at headquarters in the department of Kentucky. In 1867 he was a Representative. He was a member of the constitu- tional convention of 1867. In 1870 he was appointed inspector of customs at Toronto, Canada, held the position until 1875. He died Dec. 13, 1877, at St. Clair. First a Whig in politics, a Republican after 1854. WINFIELD S. MILLARD, Representative from Berrien county in 1881-2, was born at Three Rivers, Mich., Jan. 22, 1846. Educated at high school and state MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 461 agricultural college. In 1861 enlisted in the 11th Michigan infantry, and served through the war. For three years in the wholesale grocery trade at Laramie City, Dak.; general freight and ticket agent for C, W. & M. R. K. Co. nearly three years; moved to Niles in 1872, and was secretary and treasurer of the Michigan wool pulp CO., the Three Rivers pulp co. and Niles water power co. Has been a major of state militia. ALBERT MILLER, Representative from Saginaw county in 1847, and the oldest living pioneer of the Saginaw valley, was born in Hartland, Vt., May 10, 1810. With a common school education he settled at Grand Blanc, Mich., in 1831, and taught school. He removed to a farm near Saginaw City in 1833; taught the first school in the Saginaw valley in 1834-5; was inspector of elections 1833 to 1848; judge of probate 1835 to 1844; justice thirteen years. He laid out Portsmouth, now part of Bay City. In 1836-7 built the second saw-mill on the Saginaw river. Has been president of the state pioneer society, postmaster, director in banks and manufacturing companies. In politics, first a Democrat, then a Republican. In the winter of 1887-8 celebrated his golden wedding. ELI R. MILLER Was born in Winsted, Conn., October 13, 1818. He received an academical education, emigrated to Michigan in 1834, and settled as a farmer at Richland, Kalamazoo county. He was a member of the Michigan House in 1871-2-3-4, and was active in securing appropria- tions for fish propagation, and for several years was one of the state fish commissioners. In politics a Republican. HENRY MILLER, Representative from Oakland county in 1853, 1863-4, was born in Bufifalo, N. Y., in 1816. He came to Michigan in 1821, and was justice for several terms at Rochester. A merchant, in politics a Republican. He removed to Grand Rapids in 1866, and died April 24, 1879. JOHN C. MILLER Was born in Ames, Ohio, March 9, 1822. Came with his parents to Michigan in 1836, but in 1843 removed to New Buffalo, where he now 49 462 MICHIGAK BIOGRAPHY. resides. Obtained a common school education. By occupation a farmer, was a Whig until 1856, a Republican until 1873, since that time a Prohibitionist. He was a Representative in 1863-4. Has been supervisor six years, justice eight years, and held other local offices. JOHN MILLER, Representative from St. Clair county in 1857, '63-4, was born at Sugar Loaf, Canada, February 1, 1818, his parents settling at Rochester, Mich., when he was young. With a limited education he went into lumbering at St. Clair, and served as clerk, general manager and superintendent of the Black river steam mill company. Then went into business for himself, was thrice mayor of Port Huron, and be- came cashier and manager of the first national bank at Port Huron. In politics a Democrat. Died in 1873. * JOSEPH MILLER, . Representative from Kalamazoo county in 1840-41, was born in Farmington, Conn., October 29, 1779. He graduated at Williams college, studied law, married Sarah Sherman in 1808, a descendant of Roger Sherman, and settled at Winsted, Conn., in practice. Was a justice 25 years, and a member of the state legislature. In 1834 removed to Richland, Mich., and was associate judge. Died in June, 1864. LEONARD MILLER Was born in the state of New York in 1820, and came to Moscow, Mich., in 1839. Later he removed to Jonesville. He was a Repre- sentative, sessions of 1841-2. LEWIS T. MILLER, Representative from Hillsdale county in 1835-6, was born in Rensse- laer county, N. Y., June 11, 1787. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Democrat. Moved to Moscow, Mich., in 1833 and was the first postmaster. He was a delegate to the constitutional convention of 1835. Died February 14, 1856. LUCIEN B. MILLER, Representative from Monroe county in 1877-79, weis born in the state of New York, March 6, 1831. His parents removed to LaSalle, Mich. , MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 463 the May following, and he has resided there ever since. He received a common school education. He has held the offices of justice, super- visor, school director, assessor and notary public. He is a farmer. In politics a Democrat. NORTON L. MILLER Was born in Berkshire county, Mass., December 2, 1815, his parents removing to Monroe county, N. Y., in 1818, and in 1832 to Macomb county, Michigan. He is a miller by occupation. Was register of deeds for Macomb county, from 1857 to 1861, and Representative in 1869, 1870-1-2. He received an academical education and has held various local offices. Is now a resident of Ludden, Dakota. OLIVER MILLER, Representative from Lenawee county in 1844, resided at Ridgeway, and was in politics a Democrat. He was a brother of Dan B. Miller, of Monroe, a prominent business man at an early day. RICHARD C. MILLER Was born in Hartland, Conn., April 17, 1820, and received a common school education. He settled in Greenfield, Wayne county, in 1830, and removed to Fairplains, Montcalm county, in 1853, where he now resides. He was Representative from Montcalm county in 1871-2-3- 4. By occupation a farmer and commission merchant, in politics a Republican. ABEL MILLINGTON Was born at Rutland, Vt., February 5, 1787. He became a physician, and removed to Ypsilanti, Michigan, in 1826. He was sheriff of Washtenaw county, and was a member of the legislative council in 1834 and 1835. He removed to St. Charles, Illinois, in 1838, and died there the same year. CHARLES R. MILLINGTON Was born August 5, 1818, at Lebanon, N. Y. The next year removed to Shaftsbury, Vt., where he resided until 1836, when his father's family settled in Bennington, Vt. He received a good academical education, and taught school winters for five years. Studied law and was admitted to the bar in Vermont. He removed to Constantine 464 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. Mich., in 1847, where he resided until 1873. Since that time he has been a resident of Independence, Iowa. He was a Whig until 1854, since that time a Republican, and was a delegate to the convention at Jackson which organized that party. From 1869 to 1873 he was a Representative from St. Joseph county. ALFRED J. MILLS, Of Paw Paw, was born of English parentage in 1851. He was admitted to the bar in 1873 at Kalamazoo. In 1875 he removed to Paw Paw, where he has since resided. He was elected judge of probate of Van Buren county in 1876, and circuit judge in the spring of 1881. CHARLES B. MILLS, Representative from Tuscola county in 1877, and Senator in 1869-70, was born in York county, Maine, May 5, 1823. He received a com- mon and high school education. At an early age he became a minister in the Free Baptist denomination. He was a close student and gave frequent lectures in addition to his regular pastoral work. He removed to Ohio, and from there to Tuscola county in 1856, where he bought a farm. He was for several years judge of probate. He has been trustee of Hillsdale college for many years, and was one of the incorporators of the Free Baptist printing house at Dover, N. H. Of late years he has been in the employ of Hillsdale college, but now resides in Tuscola county. JOHN W. MILLS, Representative from Jackson county in 1855, was born in Phelps, N. Y., April 24, 1831. He came to Michigan in 1835, and settled on a farm in Pittsfield, Washtenaw county. Lived at Leoni, Jackson county, from 1853 to 1856, when he moved to Illinois, and was a member of the legislature of that state. In 1865 he removed to Grinnell, Iowa. By occupation a farmer, politically a Republican. Died December 15, 1865. WILLIAM S. MILLS, Senator from Sanilac county in 1859, was born in the state of Vermont, Oct. 29, 1820. He came to Michigan in 1854, and was prosecuting attorney of Sanilac county in 1860-61. Has been a MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 465 printer, editor, lumberman, lawyer, publisher, and is now superin- tendent of a mining company in El Dorado canon, Lincoln county, Nevada. Politically a Republican. HIRAM MILLSPAUGH, Representative from Wayne county in 1850, was a native of the state of New York. The time of his birth and the date of his coming to Belleville, Mich., are unknown. He was a Democrat in politics, a farmer by occupation, and died November 3, 1883. JOSEPH P. MINNIE, Representative from St. Clair county in 1851, was born at Point aux Trembles, Mich., April 21, 1812. When young he went to St. Louis, Mo., and learned the trade of a tailor. Returning, he located at Monroe. In 1834 he located at Port Huron, and was a merchant tailor. He was justice for twenty years, amassed a large property, took an important part in all progressive enterprises, and was one of the most favorably known of the early pioneers. Died March 10, 1865. PRESTON MITCHELL, Representative from Calhoun county in 1871-2-3-4, was born in Meredith, N. Y., April 24, 1812; received a common school education, and was a teacher at sixteen; afterwards a clerk and merchant at Baldwinsville and Syracuse, N. Y.; came to Marshall, Mich., in 1836, and from 1837 to 1842 was a merchant at Marengo; in 1842 removed to Marshall and was county treasurer six years; was alderman and mayor of Marshall, also supervisor; assessor of internal revenue 1862-3; and presidential elector in 1876. In politics a Democrat, a Republican from 1854. He had landed interests west, and was in real estate abstract business. Deceased. THOMAS MITCHELL, Representative from St. Joseph county in 1859, was born in Washing- ton county, N. Y., June 25, 1819. He came to St. Joseph county, Michigan, in 1843, and engaged in the manufacture of agricultural implements and a general foundry business. Politics Republican. Now resides at Constantine, retired from business. 466 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. W. H. C. MITCHELL Was born in Perry county, Ohio, May 30, 1825. received a common school education, and went to California in 1849. He returned to Ohio in 1853, and in 1866 settled at East Bay, Grand Traverse county, Michigan. He was in the army as sutler 1862-5. He was Representa- tive in 1869-70-1-2, and in 1873-4-5 a Senator. He was a delegate to the republican national convention in 1876. Was several years register of the U. S. land office at Reed City, and still resides in Grand Traverse county. In politics a Republican, and by occupation has been a tinsmith, sash and furniture manufacturer, lumberman and farmer. WILLIAM T. MITCHELL Was born at Middlebury, N. Y., May 27, 1817. He received a good education, read law, and was admitted to the bar in 1839. Removed to Lapeer, Michigan, and was admitted to the Michigan bar in 1839. In 1840 he edited the Lapeer Plaindealer, the same year was appointed prosecuting attorney, and in the fall was elected r-egister of deeds. In 1842 he removed to Romeo, and became prosecuting attorney and master in chancery of Macomb county. He moved to Port Huron in 1847, where he now resides. In 1853 was a Repre- sentative, and in 1869 was elected circuit judge, which he resigned after three years from insufficient salary. In politics a Democrat. OTTO MOE, . Representative from St. Joseph county, in 1879, was born Jan. 29, 1845, in Conneaut, Ohio. He received a common school education, and removed in 1836 to Fawn River, Michigan. Occupation, farmer. He has been supervisor several years. In politics a National. ORLANDO MOFFAT, Representative froim Calhoun county in 1849, was born in Otsego county, N. Y., Feb. 20, 1808. By occupation a farmer, in politics Whig and Free Soiler. He came to Michigan in 1836, and died Feb. 20, 1868. SETH C. MOFFAT, Was born at Battle Creek, Mich., Aug. 1, 1841. He received a common school education, and was two years a teacher at Colon. MICHIGAN^ BIOGRAPHY. 467 He graduated from the law department of the University in 1863, began practice at Lyons, Mich., removed to Northport in 1866, and was prosecuting attorney of Leelanaw county four years. He was a state Senator in 1871-2: a member of the constitutional commission of 1873; register of the U. S. land office at Traverse City, 1874-8; prose- cuting attorney of Grand Traverse county; Eepresentative and speaker in the legislature of 1881-2; delegate to the republican national convention at Chicago in 1884; and Representative in congress from the 11th district, from March 4, 1885, until his death at Washington, Dec. 22, 1887. Politically a Republican. ISAAC MONFORE, Representative from Macomb county in 1835-6-7, was born in Dela- ware county, N. Y. , in 1803. He was educated at Rochester, N. Y. high school, and taught several seasons. In 1828 he settled on a farm in Ray, Mich., afterwards in Shelby. He studied law, was a justice, county clerk and supervisor. As a legislator he was one of four representatives who opposed the wildcat banking law. In politics a Democrat. Died April 21, 1871. CHARLES J. MONROE, Senator from Allegan and Van Buren counties in 1883-5-7, and president pro tem. in 1887, was born. in Lawrence, Mich., Nov. 20, 1839. He was two and a half years a student in the agricultural college. Taught eight terms, and was engaged in surveyij^g and land agent several years. Settled in 1866 at South Haven, was supervisor three years, and has been in real estate insurance and banking since 1867. Took a law course at Ann Arbor in 1878-9, and in 1879 organized a bank at Bangor, now the West Michigan savings bank, of which he is president, and also a director and president of the Kalamazoo savings bank. In pohtics a Republican. DARIUS MONROE, Senator from Branch county in 1861-2-3-4, and Representative in 1865, was born at Williamstown, Mass., April 16, 1797. He removed with his parents to Cayuga county, N. Y. in 1809, and became a tanner, then a printer at Auburn, then a hatter. Was a justice at Victory, N. Y., twelve years, supervisor four term3, and a member of the N. Y. assembly in 1841. In 1852 settled at Bronson, Mich I 468 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. and was a supervisor. He was appointed a member of the state rail- road board by Gov. Crapo, and held it until his death in November, 1881. In politics a Republican. Of sound judgment, he was a good legislator. JAMES MONROE, Representative from Calhoun county in 1857-9, was born in the state of New York in 1816. He settled at Albion, Mich., in 1838. In 1848 he started a furnace and shop for the manufacture of stoves, thrashers, and general jobbing, which he continued until 1859. He has held the positions of sheriff of Calhoun county, and of United States marshal for western Michigan. Politically a Republican. Now resides at Kalamazoo. DANIEL N. MONTAGUE, Representative from Genesee county in 1855, was born in Hadley, Mass., June 9, 1811. He came to Michigan in 1839, and settled in Vienna, Genesee county, and still lives on the farm he carved from the wilderness. Politically a Republican. HENRY MONTAGUE, Representative from Kalamazoo county in 1885, was bom in Hadley, Mass., July 30, 1813. He came. to Michigan in 1835 and now resides at Kalamazoo. He is a farmer, politically a Republican. He was trustee of the Michigan asylum from 1857 to 1859, when he was appointed steward, which position he held until October 1, 1885. JOHN MONTGOMERY, Representative from Eaton county in 1850, was bom in Ireland, March 22, 1804, and came to this country with his parents, while young, who settled in Oneida county, N. Y. Received an ordinary education, came to Michigan in 1831. and in 1835 located on a large farm in Hamlin, Eaton county. He was a supervisor, and in 1850 a brigadier general of state militia. In politics a Democrat. Deceased. MARTIN V. MONTGOMERY, Representative from Eaton county in 1871-2, was born near Eaton Rapids, Mich., October 20, 1840. He received a fair education, be- MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 469 came a teacher, and in 1861 enlisted in the 2d Michigan cavalry, serving until the summer of 1862, when he resigned from sickness. He studied law and was admitted in 1865. He removed to Jackson, became a successful lawyer, and in 1874 was the democratic candi- date for attorney general. Settled at Lansing in 1875, and became a leading member of the Ingham county bar, and had a state reputa- tion as a jury lawyer. He was appointed commissioner of patents by Cleveland in 1885, resigned after two years' service, and was ap- pointed and confirmed associate judge of the Supreme Court of Columbia, a position he now holds, ROBERT M. MONTGOMERY, Of Grand Rapids, was bom at Eaton Rapids, Mich. , May 12, 1849, and attended public schools until he was eighteen years of age. He was admitted to the bar at the age of twenty-one and began practice at Pentwater, where he remained until 1877, when he removed to Grand Rapids, where he has since resided. During his residence at Pent- water he was for four years prosecuting attorney of Oceana county . Upon removing to Grand Rapids he was appointed assistant U. S. attorney, and held that office until October, 1881. He was elected circuit judge of the 17th judicial circuit at the April election of 1881 as a Republican, and has filled the position since January 1, 1882. WILLIAM H. MONTGOMERY Was born in Ovid (now Lodi), N. Y., Aug. 8, 1805. He settled on a farm on the river Raisin in 1831. In 1833 he was made postmaster at West Raisinville. He taught school in New York and Michigan for nine years; was school inspector 12 years; justice of the peace 16 years; and in 1838 was Representative in the legislature. He was county judge in 1849; supervisor of Raisinville in 1839 and of Dundee in 1851; Senator in 1855: president of the Monroe county agricultural society; for two years one of the executive committee of the state agricultural society; and county drain commissioner. He removed to Hudson in 1862 and became a druggist. He went through various grades of military service, was made brigadier general by Gov. Barry in 1844, and major general by Gov. Greenly in 1847. WILLIAM R. MONTGOMERY Was born at Bath, N. Y. , March 12, 1813. He moved with his parents to Rochester, N. Y., in 1816, where he lived until 1844. He received 50 470 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. a good education, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1835. He moved to Camden, Michigan, in 1844, and settled on an unim- proved farm of 320 acres. He cleared 150 acres and removed to Hills- dale in 1855, where he still resides. He was Representative in 1851. He held the office of assessor and supervisor 21 years and was 12 years chairman of the county board. He was register of deeds for Hillsdale county eight years. In politics a Whig and Republican until 1878, now an independent Cleveland man. WILLIAM J. MOODY Was a lawyer and came to Jackson, Michigan, prior to 1838. He was also a speculator and politician. He was a Senator in 1835-6 and 1843-4; was also a county judge, and justice of the peace. He removed from Jackson to Racine, Wisconsin, where he died in 1853. JOHN W. MOON, Senator from Ottawa and Muskegon counties in 1885-7, was born in Wayne county, Mich., Jan. 18, 1836. Until he was eighteen years of age he worked on a farm, attending school during the winters. Re- moving from Wayne county in 1852 to Jackson county, and leaving there in the fall of 1854, worked in lumber camps and saw-mills on Flat river until the spring of 1856. He then removed to Muskegon county, where he has resided since that time, and for the past twenty years has been engaged in the manufacture of lumber, being a mem- ber of the firm of A. V. Mann & Co., doing business at Lakeside, Muskegon county. In the past he has held the offices of township treasurer, supervisor, and president of the village. Politically a Re- publican. ALEXANDER H. MOORE, Representative from St. Joseph county in 1851, was born near Pitts- burg, Pa., Nov. 8, 1817. He came to Michigan in 1844. After serv- ing in the legislature of 1851 as Representative, he went to La Porte, Ind. , graduating at the Indiana medical college, and went into prac- tice at Mottville, Michigan, where he remained nine years. Now re- sides at Osage, Mitchell county, Iowa. Has been justice and county judge. Is in the enjoyment of a large and successful practice. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 471 CHARLES F. MOORE, Representative from St. Clair county in 1877, was born August 30, 1843, at St. Clair, Michigan. He received a good common school edu- cation, and has been alderman of St. Clair. He has been engaged in the lumber trade from the outset of his business career, and for years has combined with it the occupation of farming. In politics a Re- publican. EDWARD S. MOORE, Senator from St. Joseph county in 1853, was born in Trenton, N. J., June 4, 1805, and removed when young to Mooresburg, Pa., became a tailor and worked several years at the trade. Became a merchant in 1830, and had stores at Danville and Pottsville, Pa. In 1834 settled at Three Rivers, and with A. C. Prutzman had a store at Prairie Ronde, removed it to Three Rivers, bought a flouring mill, and con- tinued in business until 1859. In 1864 helped organize and became president of the national bank at Three Rivers. Politically a Demo- crat. He was a delegate to the constitutional convention of 1850. and was regent of the University six years. GEORGE W. MOORE, Representative from Wayne^ounty in 1847, was born in Albany, N. Y., July 4, 1813, and came to Michigan in 1833. He was one of two sons (the other J. Wilkie Moore, of Detroit) of Gen. Wm. Moore, of Massachusetts, a distinguished officer in the war of the revolution. He held the position of postmaster in Brownstown under three administrations, and was township clerk of his township. He was a Democrat, and a merchant by occupation. Died at Council Bluffs, Iowa, in 1856. HIRAM MOORE, Representative from Kalamazoo county in 1850, was born in New Hampshire in 1800, and died at Brandon, Wisconsin, May 5, 1875. He was a farmer and inventor, in politics a Democrat. He was the inventor of Moore's harvester, which cut a swath fourteen feet wide, thrashed, cleaned, and put the grain in bags. He also claimed the invention of the first sickle, and that the McCormick improvement was an infringment on his patent, and the case was in the courts for several years. 472 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. HENRY M. MOORE, Representative from Montcalm county in 1851, was born in Tomp- kins county, N. Y., about 1803. He came to Oakland county, Michigan, in 1836, and settled at Greenville in 1845. He was a merchant, and opened the first store in Montcalm county. Politically a Democrat. He was a radical temperance man. He removed to the Pacific coast in 1852, and is said to be living at Copperopolis, California. He was also a lawyer. JOHN MOORE Was born in London, England, Feb. 7, 1826; from 1830 to 1834 was with his mother, a resident of the state of New York, and then resided at Milford, Mich., attended public school until 1846, studied law, was admitted in 1848, and commenced practice at Fentonville, but removed to Saginaw in 1851. Was prosecuting attorney 1857-61; mayor of Saginaw 1861-2-3; judge of the 10th circuit 1871-4, when he resigned; Democratic candidate for governor in 1808; and a member of the board of education 1855 to 1870. Politically a Democrat, took high rank as a lawyer and citizen, and stands high in public estimation. JOSEPH B. MOORE, Senator from Lapeer and Macomb coullties, in 1879, was born in Commerce, Michigan, Nov. 3, 1845. He was educated at Hillsdale college and at the law department of the Michigan University, de- fraying his expenses by teaching. He removed to Lapeor in 1869, and was admitted to the practice of the law that year. In 1870 he was elected circuit court commissioner for Lapeer county; in 1872 was elected prosecuting attorney, and in 1874 mayor of Lapeer. In the fall of 1874 he was re-elected prosecuting attorney, which oflBLce he held until 1877. In politics a Republican. In 1886 he was elected judge of the circuit comprising Oakland and Lapeer counties. THOMAS F. MOORE Was born in Peterborough, N. H., October 2, 1819. He received a fair education, and in 1838 went to western New York, working at farming and teaching; in 1839 came to Michigan, and in 1840 settled on a farm in York, Washtenaw county, where he lived until 1854. He then purchased a farm in Madison, Lenawee county, where he MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 473 now resides. Has held the offices of justice and supervisor; was a Representative in 1861-2, and Senator in 1863-4. In 1865 he was appointed inspector of the state prison and served four years. In 1869 he was made superintendent of the poor in Lenawee county, and served ten years. In 1877 he became a manager of the Ionia house of correction and served two years. WILLIAM MOORE, Senator from Washtenaw county in 1837-S, and Representative in 1843, was born at Peterboro, N. H., April 9, 1787. At the age of eighteen he emigrated to 'Phelps, N. Y., where he married Lucy Rice in 1806. During winters he made wheels for spinning flax, farming summers. He was justice there sixteen years, and held other offices, removing to York, Mich., in 1831. He was a delegate in the constitutional convention of 1835. He served in the war of 1812, as did his father in the revolution. By occupation a farmer, politically a Democrat, in religion a Baptist. Of ten children, only one, William A. Moore, is now living. Died Dec. 4, 1850. ASA P. MOORMAN, Representative from Detroit in 1855, was a native of Ohio, born in 1808. The time of his coming to Detroit is not known. He was a member of the board of education of the city in 186 1-2, was a carpenter and builder, a Republican in politics, and died in 1879. CHARLES MORAN, Representative from Wayne county in 1836-8-40, was born in Detroit, Mich., April 15 1797, and resided there until his death, Oct. 13, 1876. He was a member of the Moran family, prominent in Detroit history. At the age of fifteen he enlisted in the war of 1812, fought side by side with the late Judge Witherell in Captain Jaques company, was under Hull when he surrendered Detroit, and served through the war. He was a member of the legislative council 1832-5; also of the second convention of assent, 1836; associate judge of the county court in 1831, and 1837-41; justice, and many years alderman, and held other positions of trust.' In politics a Democrat. Had large real estate interests which occupied much of his time. 474 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. GEORGE MORAN, Representative from Wayne county, 1846-1849, was born in Detroit in May, 1805. He descended from the early French settlers of that name, became a resident of Grosse Point when 21 years of age, and resided there until his death in 1881. He was supervisor of Ham- tramck in 1845, and of the township of Grosse Point in 1848. Was paymaster in the service of the Indian bureau for many years, and carried the mail to Mackinac on a trail through the woods. He was widely known, and was especially influential with the Indians. His occupation was nominally that of a farmer on the farm where he resided, but he was a free operator in real estate in the vicinity. Was democratic in politics. ELISHA MORCOM, Representative from Menominee county in 1883, was born in Corn- wall, England, May 5, 1835. Emigrated to Michigan in 1854. Resided two years in Keweenaw county, going from there in 1856 to Rock- land, Ontonagon county, where he served two terms as township clerk and was supervisor of Carp Lake for four years. He also held important and responsible positions as mining captain and superin- tendent in the copper mines. Removed to Quinnesec in 1878. Took charge of the underground works of the Quinnesec iron mine as min- ing captain. Was appointed superintendent in 1882. He was super- visor of Breitung four years. GEORGE MORELL Was bom at Lenox, Mass., March 22, 1786. He was a descendant of the French Huguenots. He was educated at Lenox academy and Williams college, and received his degree in 1807. He studied law at Troy, N. Y., was admitted to the bar in 1810, and settled at Coopers- town, N. Y., where he remained until 1832. During that time he was clerk of the court of common pleas of Otsego county; master in chancery; and judge of the court of common pleas. In 1828 he was a member of the New York assembly. In 1832 he was appointed a judge of the United States court for Michigan, and removed to De- troit. He held that office until 1837, when Michigan was admitted into the union. In 1836 he was appointed a judge of the state Supreme Court, and in 1842 chief justice, on the resignation of Chief Justice Fletcher. He married Maria, daughter of Gen. Samuel B. Webb. While a resident of the state of New York Judge Morell rose through all the ranks of military service up to major general. While MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 475 serving as chief justice he died at Detroit March 8, 1845. His funeral was attended by the state legislature and the bar of Detroit. As a judge he presided with great dignity, and was distinguished for his legal attainments and untiring industry. In social life he was always a welcome guest. In politics a Democrat. PETER MOREY Was born in Cazenovia, N. Y., in 1798, was educated at Hamilton academy, studied law and was admitted in 1831. He practiced four years in the state of New York, and in 1835 removed to Tecumseh, Michigan. In 1837 he removed to Detroit, having been appointed attorney general of the state, which office he held four years. After the expiration of his term of office he returned to Tecumseh, where he continued in practice for many years, finally going to Marion, Ohio, to live with his daught*^r, until his death in the fall of 1881. He was a fine scholar, a courteous old school gentleman, an able and energetic lawyer. In politics a Democrat. FRANKLIN E. MORGAN, Senator from Branch and St. Joseph counties in 1877, was born in Warsaw, N. Y., June 9, 1836. He was educated at Albion college, Michigan. He afterwards pursued select studies at the Michigan University for one year, after which he entered the law school at Ann Arbor, and graduated in 1863. The same year he settled in Coldwater, where ne has since practiced his profession and dealt in real estate. He has been a member of the common council of Coldwater, and held the office of circuit court commissioner. In politics a Republican. GOUVERNEUR MORRIS Was born in Springfield, Vermont. After graduating from Dart- mouth college he took a regular course at the Yale college law school; spent a year in the office of the late Chief Justice Chase, at Cincin- nati, was admitted to the bar in Kentucky; returned to Vermont, settled in Brattleboro, and practiced law in Vermont and New Hampshire. Having left the law permanently, as he then supposed, he engaged in manufacturing enterprises. In 1840 he came to Michi- gan and settled on a farm in Monroe county, where he remained fifteen years. In 1855 he removed to Monroe, where he has since resided. Having resumed the practice of law in 1860, he continued h 476 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. the same until his election to the bench. Since his residence in Monroe county he has been four years a supervisor, four years a justice of the peace, four years a circuit court commissioner, two years county treasurer, two years city treasurer, four years judge of probate, and circuit judge of the district comprising Washtenaw and Monroe counties. Politically a Democrat. WILLIAM MORRIS Was born in Surrey, England, September 35, 1804. He came to this country in 1823, and settled with his parents in New York city. In 1834 he removed to Michigan, first settling at Sturgis, but in 1853 removed to a farm in Burr Oak. He has been justice, postmaster of Sturgis four years, supervisor of Burr Oak, and in 1848 was Repre- sentative in the legislature. In politics a Democrat. ALEXANDER H. MORRISON Was born at Quebec, Canada, February 33, 1833, of Scotch and American parentage. He was educated at a private academy, at six- teen went to Chicago, and was an employe of a contractor on the Illinois and Michigan canal. At nineteen he became a merchant and contractor on public works in Illinois and Iowa. In 1850 he removed to St Joseph, Mich. , where he has since resided as a merchant, man\i- facturer and railroad builder. In connection with James F. Joy, he constructed the Chicago & Michigan Lake Shore railroad, and managed it for six years. He has owned and operated with others, railroads in Dakota. Formerly a Whig, later a Republican. In 1857-8 he was a Senator; and in 1861-3 Representative. In 1863 he was collector of internal revenue, and from 1866 to 1869 assessor. He was six years one of the republican state committee, and on the governor's staff from 1854 to 1861. WILLIAM V. MORRISON Was born at Lansing, N. Y., February 15, 1817. His ancestors on both sides served in the revolutionary war. He was brought up on a farm, became a clerk and book-keeper, and in 1837 removed to Michi- gan with his parents, who settled on a large farm in Jackson county. He engaged in farming and teaching, removed to Albion in 1844, became interested in milling and carried on that business until 1871. In 1850 he was a member of the state constitutional convention. In politics a Democrat. For nearly forty years was a justice in Albion. MICHIGAN' BIOGRAPHY. 477 THOMAS MORRISON, Senator from Detroit in 1881-2, was born in Perth, Scotland, in 1829. He came to Canada with his parents while very young, received a classical education, and afterward stuiied medicine, graduating at the Buffalo medical college in 1855. He then settled in Wayne county, Mich., where he now resides, practicing his profession, but engaged principally in the drug trade. In the war he served one year as acting assistant surgeon, U. S. A., and resigned at the close of the war. He was a Representative in the legislature Oi! 1877. ALLEN B. MORSE, Son of John L. and Susan (Cowles) Morse, was born at Otisco, Michi- gan, Jan. 7, 1839. He was the eldest of nine children, and his father was a man of note, having filled many responsible positions. Judge Morse received an education mostly at home and excelled in mathe- matics, English literature and botany, the last his favorite sport. He took a two years' course at the state agricultural college, and in 1860 commenced the study of the law. In 1861 he enlisted as a private in the 16th Michigan infantry. In 1863 he was transferred to the 21st in- fantry, and soon after the battle of Chickamauga was assigned to duty as acting assistant adjutant general on the staff of Colonel F. T. Sher- man, who commanded the first brigade of Sheridan's division. "While holding this position he lost his arm at the storming of Mission Ridge. He was in the battles of Hanover Court House, Gaines' Mill, Pope's battle of Manassas, Antietam, Chickamauga, and many skir- mishes- He was highly complimented on leaving the service in 1864. He was admitted to practice in 1865, and in 1866 was elected prose- cuting attorney of Ionia county by the republicans. In 1874 he was elected by the democrats to the Senate, served in 1875 as chairman of the military committee and was a member of other committees. His ability as a lawyer gave him, at the democratic state convention in 1884, the nomination of justice of the Supreme Court, and he was elected to that position. His term would have commenced January 1, 1886, but Chief Justice Cooley having resigned October 1, 1885, he received the compliment from a republican governor of being ap- pointed to fill the vacancy. He is now associate justice, and his term will expire at the close of 1893. Judge Morse is a great lover of the gun and rod. He is a man of decided individuality and strong con- victions, and has made a good record as a judge. 51 478 MICHIGAN BIOGBAPHY. CHARLES H. MORSE, Senator from Gratiot and other counties in 1877, and Representative in 1873-4-5, was born in Orangeville, N. Y., Jan. 27, 1838. With a common school education settled in Orleans, Mich., in 1855; in 1861 enlisted in the 3d Michigan cavalry; was made captain of the 117th colored troops in 1864, lieut. colonel in 1865, and brevet colonel in 1866, serving until Aug., 1867. Since that year has resided in Gratiot coimtyand is a farmer. Has been town clerk and a supervisor seven years. PoUtically a Republican. JOHN L. MORSE, Representative from Ionia county in 1846, was born in Homer, N. Y., May 13, 1815. Taught school at the age of sixteen. Came at an early day to Oakland county, Michigan, with his father, and married Susan Ann G. Cowles at Avon, Michigan, in 1834. Lived in Lapeer and Oakland counties until 1838, when he settled in Otisco, Ionia county, where he lived until 1866. Held various township offices; was county commissioner; elected judge of probate in 1848, and resigned in 1850, going to California. Returned in 1853, was again elected judge of probate in 1856, and in 1860. In 1866 removed to Belmond, Iowa, where he was county judge in 1868, county auditor in 1867, holding this office seven years. In 1876 was a member of the general assembly of Iowa. Was a Democrat until 1848, then Barnburner, but a Repub- lican since 1854. Still resides at Belmond, Iowa. RICHARD E. MORSE. Representative from Washtenaw county in 1835-6, was born in Otsego county, N. Y., in 1809. He came to Ypsilanti, Mich., in 1833, and engaged in practice as a physician. He was surgeon of the Michigan forces in the " Toledo war;" was postmaster of Ypsilanti from 1837 to 1841; and United States consul to Curacoa from 1862 to 1865. He died at Curacoa in 1865 and was buried there. A Democrat until 1861, then a Republican. EDWARD G. MORTON Was born in St. Albans, Vt., Dec. 15, 1812. When four years old his parents removed to the state of New York, where he lived until 1834, when they came to Monroe, Michigan, where Mr. Morton lived MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 479 until his death, with the exception of two years at Detroit. He had few educational advantages, and in all attended school less than a year. At the age of fourteen, at his own request, he was apprenticed for six years, to learn the trade of a printer, at $35 a year and board. For more than forty years he was connected with the newspaper press. As a writer he was sharp, incisive and keenly alive to the weak points of the enemy, and politically was always a Democrat. He was Representative in the legislatures of 1849-50-53-63-64-65, and was state Senator in 1869-70-71-72. He was a member of the consti- tutional convention of 1867. He held various local offices, and was mayor of Monroe in 1851. His services as a legislator were not small, but he particularly distinguished himself in securing the establish- ment of the insane asylum at Kalamazoo, and the asylum for the deaf, dumb and blind at Flint. No man was more efficient in estab- lishing the asylum for the insane than Mr. Morton, and a speech made by him on that subject in March, 1865, was published in the journals of both Houses, was republished in the journal of insanity in New York, and 2,000 copies were printed for free distribution, of which he said it was " the greatest compliment he ever received for public service." He died at Monroe, Dec. 15, 1875. EUROTAS MORTON, Representative from Wayne county in 1841, was born in Hatfield, Mass., July 31, 1799, and came to Detroit in 1837. He soon after- wards removed to Rawsonville, and engaged in active business as a merchant. He held the local offices of postmaster and justice of the peace for many years during his residence at Rawsonville. His later years were passed at Ypsilanti, as a retired capitalist, where he died Jan. 7, 1876. He was a Whig, and subsequently a Republican in politics. HENRY C. MORTON Was born in Genesee county, N. Y., in 1817. He received a common school education. He came with his parents to Michigan in 1834, and early became interested in the development of Benton Harbor, with his father, Eleazar Morton. He was prominent in politics and business, and as a Republican, was Representative in 1863-4. He was the first postmaster of Benton Harbor, and was a leader in building the ship canal which has made the village prosperous. 480 MICHIGAK BIOGRAPHY. WILLIAM F. MOSELY, Representative from Saginaw in 1837, was the second practicing lawyer in Oaklaad county, and was admitted to the bar in 1825. He was judge of probate and prosecuting attorney of Oakland county, prosecuting attorney in Genesee county, and also in Shiawassee county. He died in 1860. CHARLES MOSHER Was born at Chatham, N. Y., Jan. 2, 1822. He settled in Scipio, Hillsdale county, in 1842. In 1849 and 1850 he and his brothers laid out th« village of Mosherville, named in honor of their father. They built a saw and grist mill. He is a practical miller and followed that business for twenty years. Originally a Whig, he became a Republican, but of late years has been a Prohibitionist. He was a Representative in 1863-4-77-9. In 1884 he was the prohibition candi- date for congress in the second district, and in 1886 their candidate for lieutenant governor. JABEZ S. MOSHER, Representative from Lenawee county in 1849, was born in Spring- port, N. Y., and came from there to Jackson's mills, in Addison^ Mich., about 1840. In politics a Democrat. Died about 1856. JAMES B. MOSHIER Was born July 19, 1829, at Warrensburg, N. Y. He removed to Genesee county, Michigan, in 1852. He was supervisor of Fenton, and held other town offices. He was a Representative in 1871-2-5. By occupation a merchant, in politics a Democrat. THOMAS H. MOSHER Was born at Union Springs, N. Y., Oct. 18, 1815. He received a com- mon school education, and attended the Cayuga academy one year. He was a clerk in his father's store from 1831 to 1836, when he came to Cambridge, Michigan, and with John Hart carried on a general store until 1848, at Springville, where he built a store for himself. With A. S. Berry he built the "Lake Mills" near Springville, which he owned and operated after 1856. He was supervisor and town clerk, and in 1844 was Representative. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 481 WILLIAM MOTTRAM, Representative from St. Joseph county in 1843, located at Nottawa prairie in 1834, as a physician, and for years had an extensive prac- tice in St. Joseph county. In 1851 he removed to Kalamazoo, where he still resides. He has been president of the local medical society, and a delegate to the American medical association. LUTHER V. MOULTON, Representative from Kent county in 1879, was born in Howard, Mich. , Sept. 27, 1843. In 1858 he removed to St. Joseph, and in 1836 engaged in photographing at Muskegon. In 1871 he removed to Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, and in 1875 returned to this state and located at Grand Rapids. Politics, national. Has written and published a work on finance. JULIUS MOVIUS, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1850, was born in Han- over, Germany, Nov. 11, 1812. He came to this country in 1833, and settled at Ypsilanti, Mich., in 1838, where he remained until 1849, when he removed to Detroit. In 1852 he removed to Buffalo, N. Y., which was his home until his death, Oct. 14, 1871. He was at first a merchant, and then engaged in railroad business. He was general agent of three great railroads of Canada, and afterwards general agent of Ihe Michigan Central. He married Mary L. Vibbard in 1839, and two children, Edward H. Movius and Mrs. George J. Sco- ville, both of Buffalo, N. Y., are now living. He was a man of un- usual ability, and well and widely known. HORACE MOWER Was born in Woodstock, Vt., and was a graduate of Dartmouth col- lege. He was admitted to the bar in Vermont, came to Kalamazoo in 1838 and engaged in practice. He was Representative in 1847. He was afterwards a federal judge in New Mexico. He died Dec. 11, 1860. He was a fine classical scholar, a good lawyer, gentlemanly in his manners, full of wit and humor, and a master of irony and satire. He was one of the ablest whig leaders in Michigan, and had great influence with his party. 482 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. ZEBINA M. MOWRY, Representative in 1848, and member of the constitutional convention of 1850, from Oakland county, was born in Berkshire, Mass., September 20, 1804. By profession a physician, a Democrat until 1866, then a Republican. Removed to Michigan from Madison county, N. Y., in 1838, and settled on a farm in the town of Ann Arbor until 1841, thence to Milford, where he commenced the practice of medicine with H. K. Foot. He died August 1, 1874. GILBERT MOYERS, Senator from Allegan county in 1857-8, was born in Macomb county Mich., September 13, 1833. By profession a lawyer, practiced his profession in Allegan county and was prosecuting attorney. Enlisted in the 3d Michigan cavalry, was made captain September 7, 1861; major, February 27, 1863; lieutenant colonel, August 13, 1862; re- signed and was honorably discharged December 21, 1864. In 1865 he removed to Memphis, Tenn., where he still resides engaged in the practice of his profession. JAMES MULHOLLAND, Representative from Monroe county in 1840 and 1848, was bom in Olean, N. Y., in 1803. He came to Michigan in 1806. By occupation a farmer, pohtically a Democrat. Was deputy sheriff of Monroe county for several years, and for several years a supervisor. Died in 1871. SAMUEL MULHOLLAND Was born in Monroe county, Mich., February 10, 1811. By occupa- tion a farmer. Lived first in Vienna, and afterwards in Erie. He was a Representative in 1849, 1857-8-9, and Senator in 1861-2. JOHN MULVEY, Representative from Marquette county in 1887, was born in Carrick- on-Shannon, Ireland, February 20, 1833. He received a common school education, and emigrated to America in 1852, settling in Mar- quette county in 1855, where he has since resided. Mr. Mulvey has held various offices of trust in Negaunee, having been president of the village, a member of the common council, city assessor, school MICHIGAlf BIOGRAPHY. 483 trustee, and a member of the board of supervisors for ten years. He is a contractor by occupation, and owner of improved real estate in Negaunee. He was elected as a Democrat to the Michigan legisla- ture of 1881-2. In April, 1886, he was unanimously elected mayor of Negaunee. Mr. Mulvey was a Democrat until 1884. EDWARD MUNDY Was born in Middlesex county. New Jersey, August 14, 1794. He graduated at Rutgers college in 1812. He studied law and com- menced practice in his native county. In 1819 he emigrated with his family to Illinois and engaged in practice, but after a time returned to New Jersey and became a merchant. In 1831 he removed to Ann Arbor, Mich., where he became a justice, and from 1833 to 1835 was associate territorial judge. In 1835 lie was a delegate from Washte- naw county to the first constitutional convention, and was a leading member of that body. He was the first lieutenant governor of Michi- gan, and held that position from 1835 to 1840. He then resumed the practice of the law and was successful. From March, 1847, to April, 1848, he was attorney general. He was also prosecuting attorney, and regent of the University. In 1848 he was appointed by the governor and Senate judge of the sixth judicial circuit and associate justice of the Supreme Court. By this appointment his residence was changed from Ann Arbor to Grand Rapids. He continued as judge until his death, March 13, 1851, when he was succeeded by Judge Martin. He was a dignified presiding officer and an able judge. He was a man of fine personal appearance, and well liked both in public and private life. In religion an Episcopalian, in politics a Democrat. ORRIN W. MUNGER Was bom November 17, 1837, in Huron county, Ohio. He came to St. Johns, Mich., in 1856. By occupation a merchant. During the war was U. S. assessor for the first division of the sixth district. He was a Representative in 1865. A Republican until 1872, now a Dem- ocrat. He is president of the state bank at St. Johns. WILLIAM MUNGER, Representative from Wayne county in 1837-45-57, was born at Sacketts Harbor, N. Y., Aug. 9, 1810. With his mother he came to what is now the village of Flat Rock in the spring of 1833. Died at Flat Rock, May 5, 1884. Occupation, farmer; politics, democratic. 484 MICHIGAN BIOGKAPHY. JOHN MURPHY, Representative from Allegan county in 1853, was born in Dutchess county, N. Y., Oct. 19, 1794, and was brought up in Penfield, N. Y. His education was limited, and mostly obtained by reading. He was a farmer at first, but became a contractor on Ohio and Pennsylvania canals. In 1835 he bought a farm in Allegan county. He was the first supervisor in Gun Plain township, was also justice, and was the first sheriff of Allegan county. In politics a Democrat. Died June 19, 1874. SEBA MURPHY, Senator from Monroe county in 1840-41, was born at Scituate, R. I., July 25, 1788. When quite young he was connected with the large mercantile house of De Graff, Walton & Co., of Schenectady, N. Y. He removed to Ovid, Seneca county, N. Y., in 1817, where he held the office of county clerk for two successive terms, and engaged in the mercantile business. In 1835 he removed to Monroe, Michigan, where he held the offices of county commissioner, register of deeds, regent of the state University, and county treasurer, each for the term of two years. He was also cashier of the River Raisin bank. Died Nov. 16, 1856. In politics a Democrat. WILLIAM W. MURPHY, Representative in 1844, was born at Ernestown, Canada, April 3, 1816, but removed to Ovid, N. Y., at an early age. He came to Mon- roe, Michigan, in 1835, and was a clerk in the government land office, studying law in leisure hours. In 1837 he removed to Jonesville, and in company with William T. Howell opened the first law office in Hillsdale county, continuing in practice until 1861, the firm from 1848 being that of Murphy & Baxter. He was a Democrat, then a Free Soiler until 1854, acting with the republican party thereafter. In 1861 he was appointed consul general at Erankfort-cn-the-Main, which position he held for nine years, after that continuing his residence in Germany as the financial agent of several American railway com- panies. It is to him very largely that the country is indebted for its credit during the darkest hour of the war of 1861-5. He induced wealthy German capitalists to invest largely in government bonds to meet the financial emergency, and from that time the credit of the country stood high. He became quite as well known in Germany as in Michigan, and lived there until his death at Heidelburg, June 8, MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. . 485 1886. He was a partner of E. O. Grosvenor at Jonesville in the bank- ing business for a time, and started the Jonesville Telegraph, now the Independent. ANDREW MURRAY, Representative from Berrien county in 1848, was born at Harrisburg, Pa., in Nov., 1813. He graduated at Yale college, studied medicine, settled at Berrien, Mich., in 1835, and commenced practice as a physician. He removed to South Bend, Ind., then resided at St. Joseph, Mich, and finally at Niles, where he died Oct. 13, 1854. ARCHIBALD Y. MURRAY Was born in Walkill, N. Y., March 12, 1795. Removed to Michigan in 1826, settling in Canton, Wayne county, where he resided during life. Was a Democrat in politics, by occirpation a farmer, miller and lumberman. Held various town offices, and was coroner of Wayne county. Was Representative in 1843-5. Died May 23, 1866. LYMAN MURRAY, Senator from Kent county in 1875, was born in 1820, in New York; received a common school education, removed to Michigan in 1845, and settled in Kent county. He was supervisor, and a Representa- tive in the legislatures of 1867-69, also of the constitutional convention of 1867. His occupation farming, politics republican. DEXTER MUSSEY, Representative from Macomb county in 1855-7-9-61-2, and speaker in 1861-2, was born in Rutland, Mass., Jan. 12, 1811. With a common school education became a teacher, then a clerk, then in business for himself. He settled at Romeo, Mich., in 1837, where he still resides. Has been in business as a merchant, blacksmith, wagon maker, farming, foundry, etc. Since 1845 a justice of the peace. He was a delegate in the constitutional convention of 1867. In politics a Republican. NEWTON N. MUSCOTT, Representative from Ingham county in 1857, came to Leroy, Ingham county, Michigan, in 1844, from Madison county. New York, and 62 486 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. cleared up a large farm, where he lived until his death in 1869. In politics a Republican. He was several times supervisor. JOSEPH MUSGRAVE Was born in Lancaster county, Pa., May 20, 1811. When young became a resident of Ohio, a teacher, then clerk, then a merchant at Nashville, O. He was a Representative to the Ohio assembly 1846-7, and Senator in 1855-6. Removed to Charlotte, Mich., in 1857; was a member of the constitutional convention of 1867; and long president of the national bank at Charlotte. Aided largely in securing rail- road communication. A Democrat until 1854, then a Republican. Deceased. ^ FRANKLIN MUZZY Was born in Maine in 1816, ^nd was a graduate of Bowdoin college. He came to St. Joseph, Berrien county, in 1842, and in 1843 removed to Niles, where he resided until his death in 1878. He was admitted to the bar of Maine, and was at one time a law partner of Hon. Han- nibal Hamlin. He was admitted to the Michigan bar in 1846, and practiced his profession during life. He was Senator in 1859, and mayor of Niles in 1873. He lived and died a bachelor. He was a man of many eccentricities, but as a lawyer had great influence with the court and jury. Deceased. JOHN L. NEAR Was born at Middlebury, N. Y., April 4, 1808. He received a com- mon school education, at the age of twenty commenced teaching winters, and at the same time studied medicine. He attended medical schools at Albany and at Castleton, Vt., and graduated in 1833. In 1834 he located in the southern part of Wayne county, Michigan, where he still resides, and had an extensive practice. He was Representative in 1839 and Senator in 1857-8-61-2. He was consul for some time at Sarnia, and also at Windsor from 1873 to 1876. In politics a Republican. Resides at Flat Rock. JAMES M. NEASMITH Was born Sept 26, 1823, in Manchester, England, and came to the United States with his parents in 1829. Having spent two years in New York city and Philadelphia, they removed to Pembroke, Gene- MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 487 see county, N. Y. While there, in 1850, he was elected township clerk, and in 1853, township supervisor. Having come to Michigan in 1854, he purchased a farm in Schoolcraft, Kalamazoo county, where he still resides. In 1856 he was elected supervisor, holding the office for seven successive years. In 1862 he was elected treasurer of Kalamazoo county, and re-elected in 1864 and '66. During three years of that period he was treasurer of Kalamazoo village. Having returned to his farm, he interested himself principally in its develop- ment and in the improvement of sheep, of which he owns about 300. His farm is one of the finest in that county of fine farms. In I87O he was elected state Senator from Kalamazoo county, and was re- elected in 1872, serving in 1871-2-3-4. In 1878 he was elected as commissioner of the state land office on the republican ticket, and re-elected in 1880, serving from 1879 to 1883. In politics a Republican. CADY NEFF, Representative from Wayne county, in 1875, was born in Montgom- ery county, N. Y. He received a common school education, removed to Michigan in 1855, and settled in Wayne county. He is a carriage maker by occupation. In politics a Republican. CHAS. D. NELSON, Senator from Muskegon and Ottawa counties in 1875-7, was born at Newbury, Vt., May 12,1824. He received a common school education and attended college at Boston. He removed to Muskegon in 1857. He has been alderman, supervisor and chairman of the board of supervisors three terms, president of the board of education, and city treasurer of Muskegon. He is extensively engaged in the manufac- ture and sale of lumber. Tn politics a Republican. EDWARD D. NELSON, Representative from Marquette county in 1881-2, was born at Canal Dover, Ohio, August 27, 1846. Most of his youth was spent on a farm. He removed to Ishpeming in 1873, and was for five years cashier of the first national bank, but is now engaged in mercantile pursuits. He is a Republican. WILBUR NELSON, Representative from Gratiot county in 1881-2, was born Jan 15, 1839, in Madison, Lenawee county, Mich., and removed with his parents to 488 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. Gratiot county in 1854. He served over four years in the union army during the rebellion, and held the rank of captain when mustered out at the close of the war. He has since been engaged in mercantile pursuits. In politics a Republican. JOHN M. NEVINS Was born in Braintree, Vt., April 26, 1826. He removed to Michigan with his father in 1844, who settled at Richland. The son learned the trade of a carpenter, which he followed summers and taught school vdnters. He removed to Hastings in 1853, and became a merchant. In politics a Whig until 1854, since a Republican. He was a Repre- sentative in 1857 and a Senator in 1865. He published the Hastings Banner from 1857 to 1866. He was a member of the state republican committee in 1860-2 and 1870-2, and a member of the county republi- can committee, and most of the time chairman from 1858 to 1876. He has been county superintendent of the poor eighteen years; twelve years secretary of the county agricultural society; and eighteen years a school trustee. From 1875 to 1883 he was post- master at Hastings. JOHN S. NEWBERRY Was born at Waterville, N. Y., November, 1826, and was a descend- ant of Thomas Newberry, who emigrated from Devonshire, England, in 1605. He graduated from the Michigan University at the age of eighteen, and engaged in civil engineering for two years. He studied law and was admitted to the Detroit bar in 1853. He was distin- guished in admiralty practice, and published a series of admiralty reports. In 1862 he engaged in manufacturing and became president of the Michigan car company and was largely interested in many other corporations. He was one of the corporation that built the Mackinaw & Marquette railroad. In 1862 was provost marshal of Michigan. Was a member of congress from the first district, from 1879 to 1881, when he declined to accept a renomination. First a Whig, a Republican after 1854. In religion a Presbyterian. Died in 1887. SENECA NEWBERRY, Delegate from Oakland county to the constitutional conventions of 1835 and 1850, was born in Connecticut in 1802. He came to Roches- ter, Michigan in 1826, went into business as a merchant, and con- MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 489 ducted a flourishing business for years. In the convention of 1835 he was an influential and conspicuous member. He was Senator in 1853. He died at Rochester, May 13, 1877. GEORGE K. NEWCOMBE, Representative from Saginaw county in 1867, was born in Westfleld, N. Y., August 16, 1833. He came to Michigan in 1848. Studied law and located first at Owosso, then at East Saginaw, from whence he removed to Minneapolis, Minn., in 1885, where he is now practicing his profession. He went into the late war as captain 9th Michigan infantry, October 12, 1861. He became major of the 7th Michigan cavalry December 10, 1862. Was wounded in action at Gettysburg, Va., July 3, 1863. Resigned October 13, 1863, and wa^ honorably discharged. ROLAND B. C. NEWCOMB Was born in Williamstown, Vt., September 25, 1822. He lived with his father until twenty-one, received a good common school educa- tion, and in 1843 went to Madison, Ohio, where he taught school. He studied medicine and graduated as a physician at Starling medical college of Columbus in 184S, locating the same year at Palmyra, Mich., where he commenced practice. He moved to Blissfield in 1851. He served many years as trustee and inspector of schools, was supervisor, in 1865 a Representative, and in 1877, Senator. JOHN L. NEWELL, Representative from St. Clair county in 1867, was born in England, in 1828. He came to Port Huron in 1856, and has resided in that vicinity ever since. Now resident at Fort Gratiot. Was a painter by trade, but is now in the service of the Chicago & Grand Trunk railroad, as silver plater of coach trimmings and lamps. He was mayor of Port Huron in 1868; supervisor in 1867 and 1881; treasurer of the town of Port Huron in 1879 and 1880; has been a member of the board of education of Port Huron; justice of the peace in 1864. Politically a Democrat. MINOR S. NEWELL, State land commissioner from 1883 to 1887, was born in Bennington, N. Y., in 1823. Resides at Flushing, Mich., where he came in 1842. In 1847 served in the 1st Michigan through the Mexican war. In the 490 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. late war commanded a company in the 16th Michigan infantry, and rose to the rank of major. Is a farmer, held various local offices, and served several terms as supervisor. Politically a Republican. ALMERON NEWMAN, Representative from Ionia county in 1859, was born at Newfane, N. Y., February 26, 1804. He came to Portland, Michigan, in 1836, and built the first woolen mill in that part of the state. At the organiza- tion of the town in 1838, he was elected justice, and held that position thirty-six years. From 1844 to 1848 he was associate judge for Ionia county, was also town clerk, and held other offices. He was inter- ested in the building of the Ionia & Lansing railroad. By occupation a clothier, in politics first Whig, then Republican. Died November 18, 1876. GEORGE NEWTON Was born in Preble county, Ohio, August 10, 1810. He was the son of Col. James Newton, who was a member of the Michigan consti- tutional convention of 1835, and of the legislature prior to 1840. The son came to Volinia, Michigan, in 1831, and became a successfuj farmer. He held many local offices, including that of supervisor, and as a Republican was Representative in 1859. JAMES NEWTON "Was born in England in 1777, and came to this country when a boy, first living at Morristown, N. J., then in Pennsylvania, moving to Ohio in 1804. He became a colonel in the Ohio militia, and was in active service in the war of 1812, serving under Gen. Harrison. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1835, and Repre- sentative from Cass county in 1839-40. A Democrat in politics. WILLIAM NEWTON, Of Flint, Michigan, now fifty-eight years of age, is a native of Mary- land. He came to Michigan in 1848, studied law with Messrs. Loth- rop & Duffield, of Detroit. After being admitted to the bar he removed to Flint in 1853, where he has since resided, with the excep- tion of three years in San Francisco, California. He has been prosperous and successful while at the bar. Was elected judge of the MICHIGAIJ- BIOGRAPHY. 491 seventh circuit in the spring of 1881, by a majority of 1,321. He is also engaged in farming, having a farm of 240 acres which he has cleared from the stump. He was re-elected in 1887. LEWIS A. NICHOLS, Representative from Barry county in 1881-2, was born in Dutchess county, N. Y., in 1833. He was brought up a farmer in western New York, and with a common school education became a teacher. Came to Battle Creek in 1854, and engaged in staging and the livery busi- ness, and then engaged in farming. In 1873 removed to Orangeville, Barry county, and became a miller. Has been a justice and super- JOHNSON NILES Was born May 2, 1794, at Richfield, N. Y. His father was a revolu- tionary soldier. He grew to manhood in New York, and was made paymaster of the state militia. In 1821 he came to Michigan and settled in Troy, Oakland county, in 1822, as a farmer. In 1823 he was appointed postmaster and held the position until 1840. He was again appointed by Tyler, and held it until 1856. He was a justice in 1823, and held that ofiice long after Michigan became a state. He was Representative in 1835-6, and Senator in 1844-5. He was a lead- ing Democrat. He died March 23, 1872. WILLIAM R. NIMS, Senator from Sanilac and other counties in 1865, was born in Rich- mond, Vt., June 7, 1829. By occupation a merchant, in politics a Republican. Came to Michigan in 1853, and now resides at Lexing- ton. THOMAS NINDE Was born at Baltimore, Md. , September 10, 1815. He removed to Lyons, N. Y., in 1823, and in 1847 to Palmyra, N. Y., and was post- master of Palmyra from 1849 to 1853. In 1855 he removed to Ypsi- lanti, Mich., where he is still engaged in law practice. He was judge of probate of Washtenaw county from 1861 to 1865, and a member of the constitutional cohvention of 1867. He was mayor of Ypsilanti in 1878. By profession a lawyer, in politics a Republican. I 492 MICHIGAN BIOGKAPHY. SAMUEL NIXON, Representative from Eaton county in 1877, was born in Clarkson, Monroe county, N. Y., September 21, 1819. He came to Michigan in October, 1836, and has resided in Eaton county since that time. His education was principally obtained in the district school of the times. He has held the office of justice for twenty-seven years in Delta; also township treasurer five years, and other offices. He resides in Delta, is a farmer by occupation, and a Republican in politics. FRANK A. NOAH, Representative from Wayne county in 1879, was born at Rieneck in Baden, Germany, December 3, 1841. Fie emigrated to America in 1849, locating in Detroit. He received a common school education. He was clerk of the police court for several years. In 1877 he was admitted to the bar. In politics a Republican. Now in practice in Detroit. CHARLES NOBLE Was born July 4, 1797, . at Williamstown, Mass. He graduated at Williams college in 1815, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1818. He went to Cleveland, Ohio, the same year, and after a short stay settled at Monroe, Mich., and engaged in practice. He remained a resident of Monroe until 1867, and during that time was a member of the legislative council from 1838 to 1830, justice of the peace, regis- ter of probate, district attorney, county judge, and lawyer general of the United States for the country northwest of the Ohio river, and Representative in the legislature of 1855. He was one of the company that purchased the Michigan Southern railroad from the state, and was the first president of the company. He was also cashier of the bank of River Raisin. In 1867 he removed to Detroit and became one of the firm of George S. Frost & Co., engaged in the purchase and sale of pine lands, and continued in that business until his death, December 26, 1874. He was a Whig as long as that party had an ex- istence, after that Independent. DAVID A. NOBLE Was born at Williamstown, Mas?., Nov. 9, 1802, and died at Monroe, Mich., Oct. 13, 1876. He graduated with honor at Williams college in 1825, studied law, was admitted and opened an office in New York city for two years, during which time he was associated with Charles MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 493 O'Connor, He came to Monroe in 1831. He was active in his profes- sion, and also in political life as a Democrat. He was recorder of Monroe in 1833, afterwards alderman and mayor in 1842. In 1845 he was elected to the lower house, and in the session of 1846 took a con- spicuous part in the sale of the Michigan Central and Southern rail- roads. He was a member of the convention held at Chicago in 1847 in favor of river and harbor improvements, and as one of a commit- tee of five drew up an elaborate report of the commerce of the lakes. In 1852 he was elected to congress from the second district of Michi- gan, defeating Joseph R. Williams, the republican candidate. In 1854 he made an exhaustive speech on tonnage duties, which has been regarded as standard authority on that subject. In 1858 he was appointed manager of the Louisville, New Albany & Chicago rail- road, and held that position four years. He was a delegate to the democratic national convention of 1864. He was a polished gentle- man and a fine scholar. FRANK NOEKER. Kepresentative from Clinton county in 1879-83, was born in Ger- many in 1834. Received a common school education in German and English; has resided in Michigan thirty-seven years, twenty -two in Wayne, and fifteen in Westphalia, Clinton county. He is proprietor of a flouring mill; has been justice of the peace fourteen years, and supervisor for two years. In politics a Democrat. EZRA B. NORRIS, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1877, was born July 16, 1845, in Manchester, Mich. , where he still resides. He was reared as a farmer and received a common school education. In 1861 he enlisted as private in company E, first Michigan infantry. In 1862 he was discharged on account of disability at Fortress Monroe. He returned and attended for a season the state normal school and Ypsilanti high school, and in 1868 commenced the study of law and was admitted to the bar in 1872, since which time he has continued in the practice of his profession in Manchester. In politics a Democrat. JASON B. NORRIS Was born in Canandaigua, N. Y. , Nov. 3, 1823, and was brought up on a farm, where he lived until 1845, when he came to Michigan and settled on a farm, eight miles south of Hillsdale. He has been several 53 494 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. times supervisor and collector. In 1871-2 he was a Representative as a republican. He was a Democrat until 1864, a Republican until 1>584, since a Prohibitionist. LYMAN D. NORRIS Was born at Covington, N. Y., May 4, 1825. His father removed to Ypsilanti in 1828. The son, after a preparatory education, entered as the first student of the first class of the Michigan University. After nearly three years there he entered Yale college, and graduated in 1845. He read law with A. D. Frazer of Detroit, and was admitted in 1847. In 1848 he removed to St. Louis, Mo., and engaged in practice. He subsequently studied civil law at Heidelberg, Germany. In 1852 he was retained in the famous Dred Scott case, and effected a reversal of former decisions of the Supreme Court of Missouri. In 1854 he returned to Ypsilanti and practiced there until 1871, and has since been a prominent lawyer at Grand Rapids. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1867, and in 1869-70 was Senator from Washtenaw county. He was the democratic candidate for supreme judge in 1875. He is a man of superior education and attainments. SETH D. NORTH, Representative from Houghton county in 1877-81-2-3-5, was born April 9, 1823, in Middlesex county, Connecticut. Having received a common school education, he removed to Michigan in 1855. He resides at Hancock, and is engaged in mercantile pursuits, and in mining and lumbering. He is also president of the national bank. Has been interested in property at Mt. Clemens. In politics a Re- publican. TOWNSEND NORTH, Senator from Bay and Tuscola counties in 1875, was born in Ulster county, N. Y., Sep. 24, 1814. He received a common school educa- tion, removed to Michigan in 1836, and for six years worked at his trade of carpenter, mostly in Washtenaw county. In 1846 he built a bridge across the Cass river, and was paid in Michigan internal improve- ment lands, which he located in Tuscola county, and removed to Vassar in 1850, and has since continued to reside there. He held the office of supervisor for many years, and has been register of deeds. He was assessor of internal revenue, 1862-66. He was re-appointed in 1871, and held the office until it was discontinued. His occupation I MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 495 is miscellaneous, including lumbering, farming, manufacturing, merchandising, and real estate transactions. In politics a Republi- can. For many years a trustee of the state blind institute. DARWIN B. NORTHROP, Representative from Wayne county, in 1875, was born January 19, 1834. at Perrington, N. Y. In 1850 he removed to Northville, Michi- gan, and pursued the trade of an iron moulder until 1858, when he went to California. He returned in 1866 to Northville, and formed a partnership with F. R. Beal in the general hardware line, which business he has since continued. He has held various township and village offices. In politics a Democrat. ELIJAH S. NORTHROP Was born in Stafford, N. Y., in 1829. In 1850 he removed to Michi- gan, settling first at Saline, where he engaged in mercantile business. He removed to Houghton county in 1861, where he became an insurance agent, residing at Hancock. He was a Senator from the upper peninsula in 1863, and while serving in that capacity, died at Lansing on the 2d of March, 1863, of consumption. Politically a Democrat. JOHN NORTHWOOD, Representative from Saginaw county in 1885, was born in London, England, July 17, 1838. In 1849 came to Ohio with his parents, who removed to Detroit in 1850. Attended school, and was three years a sailor Settled on a farm in Maple Grove, Mich., in 1855, where he still resides. In 1861 enlisted in the 16th Michigan infantry, lost a right arm from wounds received at the battle of Gaines Mills, and was in Libby prison for a short time. Has been supervisor, justice, held other local offices, and been commander of the G. A. R. in Michigan. Politically a Republican. HENRY A. NORTON, Representative from Oakland county in 1869-70, was born in Bristol, N. Y., August 29, 1836. Did not receive a common school education. Became a resident of Oakland county in 1830. Politically a Republi- can. He was a delegate to the republican national convention at Philadelphia in 1872. Moved to Duluth in 1881, and is now state weighmaster of Minnesota. 496 MICHIGAN BIOGEAPHY. JOHN D. NORTON, Representative from Oakland county in 1875-7, was born in Onondaga county, N. Y., Dec. 18, 1842. He graduated at Hamilton college, N. Y. , in 1867, and removed to Michigan in 1868. Mr. Norton married and took up his residence in Pontiac in 1869, and has ever since resided there. He is a director in the first national bank of Pontiac. His occupation is dealing in pine lands and lumber. In politics a Democrat. JOHN M. NORTON, Senator from Oakland county in 1883, was born in Richmond, N. Y., May 5, 1820. He settled with his father in Avon, Mich., in 1824. Had a limited education. A. farmer. In politics first Whig, then Republican, later a Greenbacker. Has held several local offices, and served four years as deputy sheriff. PLEASANT NORTON Was born in Grayson county, Va., in 1806. When two years of agft he removed to Champaign county, Ohio, and afterwards to Logan county in the same state. He moved into Jefferson, Cass county, Michigan, in 1832, and resided there until his death in 1877. By oc- cupation a farmer, in politics a Democrat. He was for nine years supervisor of Jefferson, and four years town treasurer. He was a Representative in 1850-53. He was a man of native ability and force of character, and left a large property, the result of persistent industry. JOHN NORVELL, United States Senator from Michigan, from 1835 to 1841, was born in Garrard county, near Danville, Ky., December 21, 1789. He was the son of Lipsocomb Norvell, a Virginian, who served as an officer in the war of the revolution, and lived to enjoy a pension until he was over ninety years old. The son, on the advice by letter of Thomas Jefferson to loarn a trade, went to Baltimore and learned the trade of a printer. He at the same time studied law, was admitted to the bar, and became a journalist and politician. He was a friend and corre- spondent of President Madison, gave him warm support on the stump and in his paper, especially his war measures. At the close of the war in 1816, Mr. Norvell became the democratic editor of a paper in Philadelphia, and resided there sixteen years. In May, 1832, he MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 497 -came to Detroit, Michigan, having been appointed postmaster of that •city by Andrew Jackson. He was a leading member of the constitu- tional convention of 1835, and was chairman of eight committees, ^nd a member of several others. His work in that convention was of great value to the welfare of the state. He and Lucius Lyon were elected as the United States Senators, and went to Washington before the admission of Michigan to the union, and he, with his colleague, managed well in securing the mineral wealth and territory of a large portion of the upper peninsula, to compensate for the loss of a small strip of land on the southern boundary. After the expiration of his term as Senator in 1842, he resumed the practice of law at Detroit, and served as Representative in the legislature of 1842. In 1845 he was appointed U. S. district attorney of Michigan, which he held until 1849. He supported the administration in the prosecution of the Mexican war, and sent three sons to serve in the field. He died in 1850, at his home in Hamtramck, near Detroit. MOSES R. NOWLAND Representative from Wayne county in 1865, is a native of New York, born in 1828, and came to Michigan in 1831, with his parents, who -settled in the township of Huron, where he has ever since lived. He is a Democrat in politics, combines the professions of lawyer and farmer, and has served his township for many years as treasurer, -clerk and supervisor. BETHUEL NOYES, Representative from Wayne county in 1848 and 1850, was born in Chenango county, N. Y., November 12, 1813. He came to Michigan in 1833. He was a lawyer by profession, and a Democrat in politics. Died at Plymouth, October 30, 1873. HORACE A. NOYES Was born in Preston, N. Y., February 20, 1810. He received a fair education, became a teacher, studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1833. He came the same year to Michigan, and began practice at Plymouth, where he remained until 1840. He then removed to Marshall. In 1835-6 he was a Representative from Wayne county. In 1844 he was elected judge of probate of Calhoun county, and held the position for twelve years. In 1857 resumed law practice and was regarded as an ,able counsel. He died April 20, 1877. In politics a Democrat. ^ 498 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. MICHAEL J. NOYES, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1873-4, was born in Washington, Mich., May 23, 1838. He finished his education at Romeo academy. In 1859 he went to Washington Territory, traveled extensively in Oregon and California, and passed over the gold fields of Montana and Idaho previous to their discovery. He afterwards spent six years in the silver mines of Nevada, and is interested in the silver mines of that country. In 1861-2 he served on the staff of Brigadier General Welty, with the rank of major, in the Indian cam- paigns. In 1859 he made a trip to California, over the plains, with an ox team, and again in 1866 by overland stage. He is a Republican. In 1867 he removed to Washtenaw county, and settled in Chelsea, where he now resides. He was engaged in the banking business in that village from 1868 to 1871. JEREMIAH O'CALLAHAN, Representative from Detroit in 1853, was a native of Ireland, born in 1823. Very little is known of him except that he was a grocer and trader, was a Democrat in politics, and died in 1856. HORACE N. OCOBOCK, Representative from Wayne county in ]875, was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., Feb 17, 1832. He received his education in the schools of Auburn, N. Y., and came to Wyandotte, Michigan, in 1860. He has been alderman and mayor of Wyandotte. By occupation a me- chanic, in politics a Republican. JAMES O'DELL Was born, in Virginia, July 20, 1X79. At the age of twenty-one he removed to Ohio, and in 1831 came to Michigan, settling near Van- dalia, Cass county, in 1832. He was by occupation a farmer and miller. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1835, and a Representative in 1835-6-8. Died Aug. 23, 1845. THOMAS O'DELL, Representative from Cass county in 1873-4, was born in Porter, Mich- igan, June 30, 1831. He received a common school education, and MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 499 has held from time to time responsible town offices. He is a farmer by occupation. JAMES O'DONNELL Was born at Norwalk, Conn., March 25, 1840; removed with his parents to Michigan in 1848; enjoyed no educational advantages, but after commencing to learn the printer's trade in 1856 made up this deficiency by study after working hours; at the breaking out of the war he enlisted as a private in the first Michigan infantry, and served out his time, participating in the first battle of Bull Run; was elected recorder of the city of Jackson for four terms 1863-1866; es- tablished the Jackson Daily Citizen in 1865, and has owned and edited the same since; was presidential elector in 1872, and was des- ignated by the state electoral college as messenger to convey the vote of Michigan to Washington; was elected mayor of Jackson in 1876, and was re-elected in 1877; was appointed in 1878 as aid-de-camp on the staff of Governor Croswell, with the rank of colonel; was elected to the forty-ninth and re-elected to the fiftieth congress as a Repub- lican, receiving 20,215 votes, against 15,499 votes for Hankerd, Fu- sionist, and 3,594 votes for Allen, Prohibitionist. CORNELIUS O'FLYNN, Representative from Detroit in 1857, was born in 1810, at Tralee^ county Kerry, Ireland, and came to America about 1823. He was admitted to the bar in Detroit in 1834. He was a classical scholar, a man of comprehensive views of things, and a Democrat. He was- city attorney of Detroit in 1842, judge of probate two terms, 1844-52, and postmaster at Detroit during a portion of Buchanan's term. As- judge of probate he gave a system of practice to the state throughi the blank forms that he prepared. He died in Detroit in 1869. ROBERT Y. OGG, Representative from Detroit in 18S7, was born in Dundas, Ontario, July 20, 1860. He received a common school education, was a news- boy, became a printer, and a resident of Detroit in 1878, and has worked there continuously at his trade. Has been president of the Detroit typographical union. In politics a Labor Republican. 500 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. JAMES O'GRADY Was born December 18, 1822, in Shelburn, Vt. , was educated there, was admitted to tho bar in 1848, and in 1849 went to California. He was register of probate in San Francisco, and subsequently register and recorder of the city and county. From 1852 to 1864 he resided on his farm in Shelburn, Vt. In 1864 he came to Marquette, and engaged in law practice. He was Representative in the legislature of 1865. In 1866 he removed to Houghton, and in 1869 was elected Judge of the 12th circuit, and held that position until his death, Dec. 24, 1878. His judicial decisions were rarely reversed. In politics a Democrat. GEORGE A. O'KEKFE, Representative from Detroit in 1843, was a typical Irishman, born in •Cork in 1792. He was a graduate of Trinity college, Dublin, and was educated for the bar. He came to New York in 1816, spent three years in the study of American law and practice in the office of Judge Brady, and in 1820 came to Detroit, his future home. He was judge of probate, 1837-40, and was an alderman. He was a finished lawyer and profound jurist. He was an Irish gentleman in the truest and fullest sense, learned, cultured, brilliant and witty. In stature, tall and massive, with large blue eyes, large head, and curly Jiair. Died June 16, 1853. In politics a Democrat. RICHARD D. O'KEEFE, Representative from Sanilac county in 1885-7. was born in Tilson- burg, Ontario, March 19, 1855. In 1868 became a resident of Michi- gan, worked on his father's farm, taught several years, was superin- tendent of schools in Delaware township, and for years station agent and telegraph operator at Minden, where he now resides engaged in law, loan and insurance business. Politically a Republican. MARTIN OLDS, Representative from Branch county in 1848, was born in Bolton, Mass., resided in New York and Ohio, and settled as a farmer in Ba- tavia, Mich. , in 1838, and was the first supervisor and held the office seven years, also other local offices. He was judge of probate eight years, and president of the company that started the first paper in Branch county. Removed to Oregon in 1851, where he was post- MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 501 -master, probate judge, and delegate to the constitutional convention. Died in 1873. CHARLES OLIN, Representative from Calhoun county in 1841, was born at Coventry, R. I., March 4, 1803. Removed from his native state to Bedford, Cal- houn county, in 1833, and was one of the earliest settlers. He "was the first supervisor in 1836, and was associate county judge in 1839- 40. A farmer, and politically a Democrat. Died July 4, 1860. JOHN F. OLIVER, Representative from Kalamazoo county in 1879-81-2, was born in Springfield, N. Y., Oot. 2, 1820, and removed with his parents to Niag- ara county in 1826, and in 1843 to Portage, Mich. He received a common school education. He is a farmer by occupation, and has held the offices of school inspector, town clerk, supervisor for five years, and justice of the peace for several terms. He is a Republican. CHARLES M. O'MALLEY Was born in Dorrada, county Mayo, Ireland, and came to this coun- try in 1834, and to Michigan in 1835. He held several offices in Mackinac county, and was Representative in 1846-7-9. He was edu- cated for a priest, but became a merchant at Mackinac. In politics a Democrat. BERNARD O'REILLY, Senator from Wayne county in 1887, was born in Westmeath county, Ireland, May 20, 1832. By occupation a ship carpenter and caulker; has been a resident of Michigan thirty-two years. He came with his parents to Kingston, Canada, in 1847, and to Oswego, New York, in 1848. He received a limited education in the public schools. In 1859 he shipped on a vessel and followed the lakes until 1852, when he entered a ship-yard and continued to work at his trade up to date. He has been alderman of the twelfth ward of Detroit. Politically a Democrat. JOHN M. OSBURN, ;Senator from Hillsdale county in 1875, was born in Monroe county, JN. Y., March 9, 1819. He received a good education in the district 64 502 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. and select schools of that state, and removed to Michigan in 1840 locating at Hudson. In 1847 he purchased a farm in Hillsdale county, upon which he has since continued to reside. He has been engage d in various occupations, teaching, mercantile, produce and lumber operations, and in banking. He is the head of the banking firm of Osburn, Perkins & Co , of Hudson. He has held several township offices, and was a Representative in 1869-70-71-2. In politics a Re- publican. LEANDER D. OSBURN Was born December 27, 1825, in Wayne county, Ind., and in 1835 re- moved with his father to Calvin, Michigan. He was educated by his mother. At the age of twenty-one he became a teacher, afterwards read medicine with Dr. Bonine, attended Rush medical college in 1851 and 1852, and commenced practice at Vandalia, Mich., in 1853. He became justice in 1856 and held the position many years, was supervisor and Representative in 1867. REUBEN H. OSBURN, Senator from Houghton, Ontonagon, Keweenaw and Isle Royal in 1877, was born in Bloomfield, Ohio, June 27, 1823. He was educated in common schools, supplemented by academical instruction. He studied medicine and graduated from the Western reserve college, Cleveland, Ohio, in 1849. He moved to the Upper Peninsula in 1852, where he has since resided. He has held various township offices. He is the oldest practicing physician in the Upper Peninsula. In politics a Republican. WILLIAM H. OSBORN Was born in Ovid, N. Y., Occ. 29, 1814. He received an academical education, and taught several winters. In 1839 he settled on a farm in Macon, Lenawee county, Michigan. He held many town offices, and was Representative in 1865 and 1867. In politics a Republican. CHARLES Y. OSBURN Was born in Meadville, Pa., in 1842; moved to Owosso, Michigan, in 1857. He enlisted in the 5th Michigan cavaly in 1862; was discharged therefrom on account of wounds in 1864. Was a Representative in 1871-2. He removed to Marquette in 1873, and was collector of cus- MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 503 toms, district of Superior, from 1877 to 1885. He is a Republican in politics, and still lives at Marquette. GILBERT R. OSMUN Was born in Newark, New Jersey, October 8, 1845. He was left fatherless at the age of seven years. In early boyhood he did "chores" on farms and in shops for his board and clothes, and got his schooling as best he could, his longest continuous term at school being one year at the Chester, N, Y. , academy, where he did the janitor work to pay his bills and buy books/ He enlisted in the 69th New York volunteers, one of the regiments of the famous Irish brigade. After much hard service he was severely wounded at Petersburg, Va., March 25, 1865, and was honorably discharged July 5, 1865, coming home on crutches. He then worked at his trade of tinsmithing until the following year, when he enlisted in the 43d U. S. infantry; did garrison duty in this regiment at Fort Wayne and Fort Gratiot, Mijh., for about two years, and was again discharged for disability arising from his old wounds. Engaged in various occupations in Port Huron, and eventually became city editor of the Port Huron Times. Later he went to East Saginaw, where he was city editor of the Saginaw Republican, and thence to Detroit, where for ten years he was state editor of the Detroit Evening News. Gov- ernor Alger selected him as private secretary, which place he filled until he assumed the duties of secretary of state. He has been a resident of Michigan since 1867. As the republican candidate for secretary of state, he received 183,335 votes against Philip Wachtel, 173,628, and John Evans, 25,852. He is also one of the editors of the Detroit Journal. ASA H. OTIS, A member of the first constitutional convention in 1835, and a Rep- resentative from Wayne county in 1850, was a native of the state of New York, and a farmer b^'- occupation. He was a county auditor of Wayne county in 1845, and supervisor of Greenfield 1847-52, and again in 1854. Died in 1855. Was democratic in politics. GEORGE OVIATT, Representative from Lake and Wexford counties in 1885-7, was bom at Newton Falls, Ohio, March 12^ 1849. He removed to Michigan in 1860 and settled in Lake county in 1865. Mr. Oviatt was a real estate 504 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. dealer and publisher of a newspaper, and had been sheriff of Lake •count J two terms. Politically a Republican. Died in 1888. JOHN OWEN, State treasurer from 1861 to 1867, was born in Toronto, Canada, March 20, 1809. He removed with his mother to Detroit in 1818, and received a limited education. He then became a clerk in the drug store of Dr. Chapin, subsequently a partner, the house finally be- coming the wholesale drug house of John Owen & Co., the precursor ■of the present house of T. H. Hinchman & Sons. But the connection of Mr. Owen with the financial and shipping interests of Detroit, and with philanthropic enterprises, has left a permanent impress. He has been an alderman several times; was a member of the board of water commissioners, 1865-79; served a term as regent of the Univer- sity; president of the fire department, 1841-3; and trustee of the Detroit medical college. In 1845 he became president of the Michi- gan insurance bank and held it for twenty years, until it was merged in a national bank. It was the only bank in Michigan which did not suspend in the panic of 1857, and his financial ability placed him at the head of the finances, which he managed with great ability during the war. He is still active and is president of the Detroit dry dock co. , and the merchants' navigation company. He is a proninent mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal church, and identified with its prog- ress in Michigan. JOHN G. OWEN, Senator from. Oakland county in 1861, was born at Woodchurch, England, March 28, 1824. He came to this country in 1842, and to Michigan in 1843. He was at Armada one year, two years a clerk in Detroit, in 1846 settled at Clarkston as a merchant, and also became a farmer in 1854. In 1860 owned and operated the flouring mills at Waterford in connection with a store. Since 1865 became a leading merchant at East Saginaw, and since 1873 has been extensively engaged in lumbering. In politics first a Whig, then a Republican. TUBAL C. OWEN, Representative from St. Clair county in 1870, was born at Caledonia Springs, N. Y., March 24, 1819. Came to Newport (now Marine City), Michigan, in 1845, resided there till 1852, then on a farm in China till 1859, then at St. Clair up to 1871, when he removed to Detroit, now MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 505- his home. He was clerk of St. Clair county from 1857 to 1863; mayor of ISt. Clair 1864; supervisor four years; clerk of draft commission, and war census taker for St. Clair county. First a "Whig, since a Republican, and by profession a lawyer. ALBERT PACK, Representative in 1865 from Sanilac county, was born in Chittenango, N. Y., Nov. 10, 1842. Came to Lexington, Mich., in 1849, and moved to Alpena in 1870. Was mayor of Alpena in 1873. Has for many years been engaged in lumbering with great success. Is a Republican in politics. FRANK S. PACKARD, Representative from St. Joseph county in 1875, was born in Cattar- augus county, N. Y., February 10, 1838. He received an ordinary common school education, removed to Michigan in 1840, and settled at Sturgis. His occupation is that of a lumber dealer. In politics a Democrat. WILLIAM PACKARD Was born in Plainfield, Mass., July 23, 1808. He received a common school education. In early life a farmer. He removed from the state of New York to Chatham, Ohio, in 1836, where he cleared a farm and remained until 1859, when he removed to Allegan county, Mich., and in 1870 to Covert, Van Buren county. Occupied all prominent offices of his township while living in Ohio, and was a Representa- tive from Allegan county in 1865-7. In politics a Republican. In Michigan he was for many years engaged extensively in lumbering, owning thousands of acres of timber, and operating four saw-mills. WM. O. PACKARD, Senator from Van Buren and Cass counties in 1877, was born Sept. 14, 1832, in Rensselaer county, N. Y. In 1836 he removed with his father's family to Chatham, Ohio, where he received a common school education. In 1859 he moved to Ganges, Michigan, where he subsequently held the office of postmaster for several years. In 1870 he moved to Deerfield (Covert postoffice). Van Buren county, Mich. For the last six years he has been engaged in lumbering, farming, manufacturing, merchandising' and real estate transactions. In. politics a Republican. 506 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. HENRY PACKER, Representative from Hillsdale county in 1845, was born in Colchester, Conn., November 1, 1800. He received an academical education and taught school several years; then moved to western New York and engaged in getting out staves; then for five years was selling books in the southern states. In 1835 settled at Jonesville, Mich., and became a farmer. He was four years judge of probate. A Democrat until 1856, then a Republican until 1872, then a Democrat. ALFRED PADDOCK Was born in Litchfield, N. Y., January 30, 1805. By occupation a merchant and farmer, in politics a Whig. He settled in Concord, Mich., about 1844, and resided there until his death, March 29, 1870. He commenced business life as a merchant, was afterwards a farmer and miller. He was Senator in 1853. CHARLES J. PAILTHORP, Representative from Emmet and other counties in 1879, was born December 25, 1848, in Mt. Morris, Michigan. He received a common school education, and graduated from the law department of the University of Michigan in 1875. He then removed to Petoskey and commenced the practice of law. He has been prosecuting attorney, also United States commissioner for the western district of Michigan. In politics a Democrat. RODNEY C. PAINE Was born in New Milford, Conn., in 1806. When young he removed with his parents to Auburn, N.Y. He left home at seventeen, passed several years in the state of New York, and came from Albany to Michigan in 1836. He settled at St. Joseph and took charge of the Farmers and Mechanics' bank. He removed to Niles in 1842, and was there engaged in private banking until his death in 1882. He was county treasurer of Berrien county from 1836 to 1838; Senator in 1855; president of the village of Niles in 1855; mayor in 1873, and trustee of the union school from 1854 to 1874. He was actively inter- ested in every work that promised to benefit the growth of Niles. MICHIGAN- BIOGRAPHY. 507 CHARLES H. PALMER Was born at Lenox, N. Y., in 1814; graduated from Union college in 1837; was principal of Fredonia and Geneseo academies; in 1847 be- came principal of Romeo, Mich, academy, and conducted it success- fully many years; was elected regent of the University in 1851, and through his exertions the services of Dr. Tappan were secured. From 1853 until his death in April, 1887, he was a resident of Pontiac. He was largely interested in mines in the upper peninsula, also in build- ing canals and railroads in that part of the state. He was a trustee of the Michigan military academy. A man of culture and great busi- ability. P JOHN R. PALMER, Representative from Calhoun county in 1853, was born in the state of New York, June 27, 1809. He came to Michigan in 1844. He was a farmer, and a Democrat. Died May 1, 1877. LEWIS G. PALMER, Senator from Mecosta and Montcalm counties in 1887, was born in Herkimer county, N. Y., Sept. 17, 1853, and came to Michigan in 1857. At the age of thirteen he became a drummer boy in the army and served three years. He was educated at Detroit schools and the state agricultural college. Has been a resident of Big Rapids since 1869. He was a teacher and county superintendent of schools. He studied law, was admitted in 1817, has been three times prosecuting attorney, and held other positions. Now in practice at Big Rapids. In politics a Republican. OSCAR PALMER, * Representative from Crawford and other counties in 1883, was born at Westfield, N. Y., Nov. 8, 1841. Moved to Hudson, Mich., with his parents in 1843, received an academical education and graduated at ■^Georgetown medical college, D. C. He was in the service as soldier, hospital steward, and assistant surgeon nearly three and a half years. Then was in business several years at Jonesville, Mich., also edited the Independent, but in 1881 removed to Grayling, engaged in farming and manufacturing, and publishing the Crawford Avalanche. Politi- -cally a Republican. 508 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. SAMUEL H. PALMER Was born at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., in 1801. He was by trade a car^ riage maker, and in politics a Democrat. He came to Michigan in 1835, moved to Jackson in 1841, and was a Representative in 1848.- Deceased. THOMAS WITHERELL PALMER Was born in Detroit, January 85, 1830. He remained there until the age of twelve, when he entered Mr. Thompson's academy, at St. Clair. He afterwards spent a year and a half at the University, at^ Ann Arbor. His eyesight failing, he, with five others, left for a- voyage to Spain in the fall of 1848. He landed at Cadiz, and for two months traveled on foot through the country, visiting the Alhambra at Granada, and other points. He then took ship for South America, landing in Rio Janeiro in 1849. After remaining three months in' South America, he returned home via New Orleans, spending two months in the southern states. In 1850 he went to Wisconsin and^ spent one year as agent of a transportation company on the river. In 1851 he went into the mercantile business at Appleton, Wisconsin, where he was burned out and financially ruined. Returning to Detroi^ in 1853 he engaged in the real estate business. In 1855 he embarked in the lumber trade, which, with the purchase and sale of pine lands, has been his vocation since. Mr. Palmer was married to Miss Lizzie P., daughter of Charles P. Merrill, in 1855. He has been an active member of the republican party since the date of its organization. He was nominated by acclamation for state Senator in 1878, and elected by a handsome majority. The legislature of 1883, after a pro. tracted struggle, elected him United States Senator, to succeed Hon. Thomas W. Ferry. His term will expire ]\Iarch 3, 1889. WALTER H. PALMER, Representative from Osceola and other counties in 1877-79, was born Aug. 30, 1845, in Oakland county, Michigan. He is a graduate of the state normal school, and of the law department of Michigan Univer- sity. He has held the offices of circuit court commissioner, justice, superintendent of schools, and supervisor. He is by profession a lawyer and in practice at Reed City. In politics a Republican. HEM AN PALMERLEE, Representative from Kent county in 1881-2, was born in Washington county, N. Y., Dec. 3, 1820, and came to Michigan in 1832, setthng in MICHIGAI?' BIOGRAPHY. 509 Bruce, Macomb county. During six years of his early manhood he lived in Rochester, Oakland county, and was engaged in mercantile business. He then, in 1850, removed to Walker, Kent county, where he followed farming for about twenty- two years. Since that time has been employed as an accountant and collection agent. His education, beyond that of the common schools of^the new state, was obtained in the Romeo academy. Politically a Republican. AMAZIAH B. PARDEE, Representative from Ionia county, was born in 1834 in Jackson county, Michigan. By occupation, a farmer; by political persuasion, a Fusionist, on which ticket he was elected Representative for 1887-8 by a vote of 1,843 to 1,691 for Levi J. Barnard, Republican, and 297 for Emory A. Richards, Prohibitionist. BURTON PARKER, Representative from Monroe county in 1883, was born in Dundee, Mich., April 24, 1844. He served a few months in the Michigan mechanics and engineers, being discharged from ill health. He was a justice of the peace in 1867, and graduated from the law depart- ment of the University in 1870. Has been circuit court commissioner, mayor of Monroe, and president of the school board. Politically a Republican. JAMES H. PARKER, Representative from Lenawee couuty in 1855, was born in Masonville, N. Y., September 2, 1803. He received a common school education, became a teacher, then for ten years a carpenter. He settled in 1833, on a farm at Rome, Mich. He was a supervisor six years, and six terms a justice. He and his wife were long conductors on the " underground railroad." Deceased. JOHN PARKER, Senator from Kalamazoo county in 1859, was born^in Cavendish, Vt., February 7, 1813, and died November 20, 1880. By occupation a farmer, a Democrat until 1854, then a Republican. He settled in Portage, Kalamazoo county, in 1832; where he was supervisor several years; was also United States marshal. 55 olO MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. LEONARD B. PARKER, Senator from St. Clair county in 1863-4, was born at Moses, X. Y., July 19, 1818. He received a common school and academical educa- tion. Taught school, then studied medicine, graduating at Castleton, Vt., in 1842. Practiced at Cambridge, Vt., but in 1845 settled at Newport, now Marine City, and built up a large practice. Has filled several local positions. LEROY PARKER, Representative from Genesee county in 1874-5, was born December 15, 1844, at Flint, Mich. He graduated at Hamilton college, N. Y., in 1865, and attended the law department of the Michigan University in 1865-6. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1867, and has since continued practice in Flint. He was elected Representative in 1874, to fill a vacancy. In politics a Republican. Has been a .naember of the state board of health. SAMPSON PARKER "Was born in Otsego county, N. Y., November 22, 1818. He was reared on a farm and came west with his parents, who settled in Lima, Mich., in 1833. He has served as justice several times, and was Rep- resentative in 1867. He cultivates a large farm, and is in politics a Democrat. WARREN PARKER, Representative from Macomb county in 1879-81-2, was born inGreig, N. Y., November 15, 1829. His father removed to Michigan in 1833, and settled in Chesterfield, Macomb county. He obtained most of his education in the primary schools. He is a farmer. The public trusts he held were township only: justice, superintendent of schools and supervisor. Politically a Democrat. CHARLES P. PAHKHILL Was born in Niagara county, N. Y. Came to Michigan at the age of nineteen, and to Owosso in 1841. He was a printer by trade and worked a year on the Owosso Argus. He was afterwards a teacher,, but finally studied medicine and graduated from the Willoughby medical college, Ohio, in 1S46. After practicing at Bennington, Mich., twenty years, he removed to Owosso and opened a drug store. He was a Representative in 1857. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 511 JONATHAN G. PARKHURST, Representative from Van Buren county in 1885, was born in Hastings, N. Y. , in 1828. Coming to Detroit he entered upon the study of the law, and was admitted to the bar in 1858. With the exception of five years spent in Kansas (1870 to 1875), where he served as district judge, he has been continuously engaged in the practice of his profession in this state. He is now a resident of Decatur, and in addition to law business is extensively interested in fruit growing and stock raising. In politics a Republican. NATHAN C. PARKHURST Was born in Darien, N. Y. After the age of ten was a resident of Ohio, and later came to Michigan. By occupation a farmer, in poli- tics a Democrat. A Representative in 1849 and 1853. BYRON F. PARKS, Representative from St. Clair county in 1883, was born in Otsego county, N. Y., Aug. 24, 1829. He received a common school educa- tion and worked on a farm until 1862, then became a lieutenant of infantry, and after expiration of service was engaged in recruiting, and later in farming and the sale of agricultural implements. Has been deputy sheriff, justice, and held other town and county posi- tions. Politically a Democrat. ABNER C. PARMALEE, Representative from Barry county in 1844, was born in Benson, Vt., Jan. 3, 1806. He settled in Hastings, Mich. , in 1837, and built the second log house. He was six years register of deeds and four years deputy county treasurer. He was one of six whig members of the House, the Senators being all democrats. He is now a clerk at Wash- ington, D. C. In politics a Republican. LINUS S. PARMALEE Was born August 20, 1815, at Spofford,N.Y., removed to Cattaraugus county, N. Y., in 1823, and in 1840 to Wisconsin. In 1856 he came to Reading, Hillsdale county. Has been a clergyman forty years, and in thirty years has officiated at 501 weddings and 1,351 funerals. Was a trustee of Hillsdale college fifteen years and a Representative in 1867. Was postmaster of Reading some ten years, under Johnson and 512 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHT. Grant. Has also been justice of the peace. At first a Whig, but a Republican since 1854. ANDREW PARSONS, Governor of Michigan from March, 4, 1853, to Dec. 31, 1854, was born in Hoosick, N. Y., July 33, 1817, and died June 6, 1855. He traced his ancestry back to Walter Parsons, born in Ireland in 1290. Gov. Parsons came to ^Michigan in 1835, at the age of seventeen, and taught school a few months at Ann Arbor, then was a clerk at Prairie Creek in Ionia county. He settled in Shiawassee county in 1836, and was soon elected register of deeds, which he filled by re- election for six years. He was a Senator in 1847-8. In 1848 he was prosecuting attorney; in 1851 was elected regent of the University; and in 1852 was elected lieutenant governor by the democrats. By the appointment of Gov. McClelland to the position of secretary of the interior, March 4, 1853, he became governor. In 1854 he was elected a Representative to the legislature, and retired from the ex- ecutive chair to serve in the session of 1855, dying three months after the close of the session. He was a man of spotless character, a fluent and persuasive speaker; as a politician, candid, frank and free from bitterness, and as^[an executive officer firm, constant and reliable. Politically a Democrat. FAYETTE PARSONS Was born in Benson, Vt., Aug. 13, 1813, and received an academical education. He came to Burr Oak, Michigan, in 1857. By occupation a physician, in politics a'^Republican. In 1863 he was appointed an examining surgeon for St. Joseph county, a position he held many years. He was a Representative from St. Joseph county in 1867 and 1873-4. JONATHAN PARSONS, Representative from Kalamazoo county in 1877-9-81-3, was born in West Springfield, Mass., Oct. 7, 1820. He settled at Marshall, Mich., in 1835, removing to Kalamazoo in 1844. By occupation a merchant, in politics a Republican. Has been a trustee of Kalamazoo several times, for many years trustee and treasurer of the Michigan female seminary, also president of the Kalamazoo paper company and a bank director. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 513 LUKE H. PARSONS Was born in western New York, Feb. 12, 1812, was liberally educated, and was admitted to the bar at Ann Arbor, Mich., about 1835. He removed to Corunna about 1839, and became a law partner of his brother. Gov. Andrew Parsons. He held the positions of register of -deeds, judge of probate, prosecuting attorney, and regent of the Uni- versity, serving in the last office until his death, Feb. 19, 1862. ORRIN PARSONS, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1846, was born in Sandis- iield, Mass., in 1794, and settled on a farm in Saline, Mich., in 1826. The next year, with his brother, he built the first saw-mill in the town. He was supervisor in 1831, and held that office eight terms. He was also a justice and held other offices. He erected and managed a grist mill. Died in 1851. S. TITUS PARSONS, A brother of Governor Andrew Parsons, came to Michigan when a young man, and studied law with his brother at Owosso. He was admitted to the bar in 1854, and located at Corunna, where he prac- ticed for more than twenty years. He was prosecuting attorney six years, and was a Representative in 1863-4 and 1867. He was also a member of the constitutional convention of 1867, and was a man of power and influence. He removed to Detroit in 1877, and engaged in practice, but died several years since. He was a Republican in politics. AZARIAH S. PARTRIDGE, Representative from Genesee county in 1881-2, was born in Saratoga county, N. Y., Dec. 19, 1831. A farmer and fruit grower, in politics formerly a Republican, now a Prohibitionist. He came to Flushing, Mich., about 1856. As a young man was a teacher for several years. BENJAMIN F. PARTRIDGE, Commissioner of the state land office 1877-8, was born in Shelby, Mich., April 19, 1822. He received a common school and academical education, was a teacher, was engaged a year in the study of law, was a surveyor and civil engineer, then a lumberman until 1857. He was appointed sheriff of Bay county, and followed surveying several 514 MICHIGAK BIOGRAPHY. years. In 1861 he went into the army, and by regular promotion reached the rank of brevet brigadier general. He was in the U. S^ revenue service, 1867-71, has been supervisor eight years and chair- man of the board six years. Is a farmer near Bay City, and in poli- tics a Republican. JARED PATCHIN Was born in Yates county, N. Y., in 1838, and came to Nankin, Mich.,, when young. He graduated at the State University in 1853, and was admitted to the Detroit bar in 1854. He has been deputy county clerk, county clerk, prosecuting attorney. He was judge of the third circuit from 1870 to 1877. He was interested in an orange plantation in Florida, and was a member of the legislature of that state in 1878. Now resides in Detroit. Politically a Democrat. LEVI PATCHEN, Representative from St. Joseph county in 1848, was born in the state of Connecticut, Jan. 5, 1804, and died Sept. 25, 1851. He lived in Yates county, N. Y. from 1808 until 1843, when he settled in St. Joseph county, Mich., and was a nurseryman and farmer by occupa- tion, and politically a Whig. ORLANDO R. PATTENGILL, Representative from Wayne county in 1871-2, was born in Stow, Vt., Feb. 24, 1828. He came to Michigan in 1845, and has resided at or near Plymouth. He received a common school education, worked as a farm laborer, and from 1849 was a teacher for twelve years, in winter. Is a farmer, politically first an Abolitionist, later a Republican. Has been secretary and deputy treasurer of the farmers' mutual insurance company of Wayne and Monroe counties since 1871. JOHN C. PATTERSON, Senator from Calhoun county in 1879-81-2, was born in Eckford,. Mich., March 27, 1838. He graduated at Hillsdale college in 1864, and from the law department of the Albany, N. Y., university in 1865. He commenced practice at Marshall in 1867, where he now resides. Has been a trustee of Hillsdale college and a lecturer there before the senior class on constitutional law. Politically a Republican. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 515 JOSEPH H. PATTERSON Was born in Ireland in 1801, came to America in 1819 and located at Lockport, N. Y. In 1828 he removed to Adrian, Michigan, where he settled on a farm. He was prominent in early Michigan politics, was a member of the constitutional convention of 1 835, and Representa- tive in 1839 and 1848. He is said to have given the names to four counties in the state: Antrim, Wexford, Roscommon and Clare. In politics a Democrat. MICHAEL A. PATTERSON, Representative 1846, and Senator from Lenawee county in 1844-5, was born in Easton, Pa., March 11, 1804, and was educated there un- til early manhood. He studied medicine in the University of Penn- sylvania, and graduated with honor at the age of nineteen. He prac- ticed in western New York for four years, and settled in Tecumseh, Michigan, where he continued in active practice until 1875. He then sought a southern climate for health, and died at Westham Locks, Va., April 17, 1877. He was a regent of the University six years, and held many local offices. Politically a Democrat. RUSSEL R. PEALER Was born at Greenwood, Pa., Jan. 1, 1842, received an academical edu- cation, and served in the 16th Pennsylvania cavalry over three years, rising to the rank of 1st lieutenant. He studied law, was admitted in 1867, and the same year settled in practice at Three Rivers, Mich., still his home. Has been prosecuting attorney, circuit court commis- sioner, and held other offices. He was elected judge of the 15th cir- cuit in 1881. Politically a Republican. STEPHEN PEARL Was born in Livingston county, N. Y., Nov. 19, 1817. He came ta Michigan in 1838 and settled as a farmer in Ovid, Clinton county. •Now lives in Greenbush, same county. He has been supervisor, county treasurer ten years. Representative in 1867, and Senator in. 1869-70. Formerly a Republican, now independent in politics. WILLIAM H. PEASE, Representative from Jacksoii county in 1845, was born in Seneca county, N. Y. , June 7, 1804. He came to Michigan in 1829, and 516 MICHIGAK BIOGRAPHY. settled on a farm in Grass Lake, where his widow and son still re. side. Died Nov. 13, 1866. EDWARD W. PECK Was born at West Bloomfield, N. Y., March 19, 1807. He received a common school education and was a teacher. He settled in Troy, Mich., in 1831, and was a merchant there for 20 years. Now resides at Pontiac. Has held many offices, including county clerk, postmas- ter, etc. He was a member of the first convention of assent in 1836, and was a delegate to the national whig convention in 1848, which nominated Taylor. Now a Republican. GEORGE W. PECK, Representative in congress 1855-7, Representative in the Michigan legislature 1846 7, and speaker of the House in 1847, was born in New York city, June 4, 1818, He received an academical education, studied law, came to Michigan in 1839, was admitted to the bar in 1848, and commenced practice at Brighton. He removed to Lansing in 1847, and was the first postmaster. He was appointed by Gov, Ransom, secretary of state in 1848, and held the position two years. He was proprietor of the State Journal and state printer from 1852 to 1855. In 1864 went into practice at East Saginaw. Removed to St. Louis, Mo., in 1875, and has been attorney of the St. Louis & Iron ,Mountain railroad. Politically a Democrat. EDGAR PEIRCE, Representative from Mecosta county in 1883, was born May 6, 1841, in Erie county. Pa. ; was educated in common schools and an acade- my; followed milling until 1862; enlisted in the 14th Pennsylvania cavalry, and served through the war, and rose to the rank of lieuten- ant. In 1871 settled in Mecosta county and engaged in making shingles. Has been four years county treasurer. In politics a JRepublican. JAMES P. PENDILL, Representative from Marquette county in 1863-4, was born near Batavia, N. Y., in 1812. He was a resident of Niles, Mich., as early as 1837, and was often seen there driving his four-in-hand, in broad- cloth suit and white gloves. He vr as engaged at the Sault in mercan- MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 517 -tile business from 1845 to 1855, when he engaged in the same business at Marquette. In 1867 he became a resident of Negaunee, and was mayor in 1872-3. He returned to Marquette and was mayor from 1879 to 1882, and many years supervisor and chairman of the board. He long served as a school trustee. Died March 9, 1885. EDWARD W. PENDLETON, Senator from St. Joseph and Branch counties in 1879, was born at Broadalbin, N. Y., December 13, 1825. He received a common school education. In 1844 he removed to Orleans county, N. Y., where he engaged in farming until 1849, when he went to California. In 1851 he returned to Orleans county, and in 1852 settled at Sturgis, Mioh., where he now resides. He has been engaged in mercantile, manufacturiug and agricultural pursuits. He has held many offices of trust, and has been justice for seven years. In politics a National. OLIN PENGRA, Representative from Huron county in 1883, was born in Seneca county, N. Y., October 19, 1847. He received such education as the common schools afforded. Was in the army during the last year of the war as a member of the 98th Pennsylvania regiment. Removed to Michigan in 1867. Taught school for ten years in the counties of Tuscola and Huron. Was admitted to the bar in January, 1878; has held many township offices. He is a Republican. ORRIN G. PENNELL, Senator from the counties of Ingham and Clinton in 1885, was born in Cortland county, N. Y., in 1827. After receiving a thorough academical education he *^ngaged in teaching. Relinquishing this pursuit he purchased a farm. Deciding to go west, he sold his farm and bought one in Washtenaw county, Mich. , to which he removed in 1861, remaining there until 1869, when he removed to DeWitt, where he still resides. Was elected supervisor of DeWitt in 1883 and 1884. Is now U. S. marshal for the eastern district of Michigan. EBENEZER J. PENNIMAN Was born at Lansingburg, N. Y. At the age of thirteen he was .apprenticed to the art of printing at Keene, N. H. ; went to New York 56 518 MICHIGAis' BIOGRAPHY. at the age of eighteen and engaged in mercantile pursuits; removed to Plymouth, Mich., in 1835 and engaged in business; was elected a member of congress, serving from December 1, 1851, to March 3, 1853; receiving 10,741 votes to 8,909 votes for Buell, Democrat. Still resides at Plymouth. HENRY F. PENNINGTON, Senator from Eaton and Barry counties in 1883, was born in Seneca county, Ohio, Sept. 9, 1842. In 1852 he removed with his parents to Eaton county, Mich. He received an academical education, and became a farmer. He studied law and graduated from the law department of the University in 1S68, and is now engaged in practice at Charlotte. In politics a Democrat. HENRY PENNOYER, Representative in 1849, and Senator in 1859, from Ottawa county, was born in Nor walk, Conn., Feb. 9, 1809. He received a common school education, and removed in 1819 to Cayuga county, N. Y., where he worked on a farm. From 1834 to 1836 he lived in Chicago, 111., when he removed to Muskegon, Mich., and was elected the first sheriff of Ottawa county, of which Muskegon county then formed a part. In 1838 he was appointed postmaster of Muskegon, and held the office until 1843. He removed to Grand Haven in 1843, where he kept a hotel until 1856. He then became a farmer in Crockery township, where he died April .30, 18S6. Always a Damocrat. He was justice, supervisor, county treasurer, and deputy collector at Grand Haven. He was a political leader, and among the foremost in the promotion of every enterprise, agricultural, moral, social and educational. JOHN B. PERHAM, Representative from Ottawa county in 1881-:C-3, was born in May- field, N. Y. He came to Spring Lake, Mich., in 1860, and for several years was principal of the public schools, was for many years a mem- ber of the board of education, also a supervisor. By occupation a merchant, in politics a Republican. EDWIN Z. PERKINS, Representative from Cheboyan and other counties, was born in June, 1849, in Oxford county, Ontario. Has been a resident of Michigan MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 519' ten years. His occupation is attorney at law. Is a graduate of the University of Michigan, class of 1878. Mr. Perkins has held the oflSce circuit court commissioner, judge of probate two terms, and county treasurer, all in Cheboygan county. He is a Republican, and was elected Representative for 1887-8 by a vote of 2,111 to 2,010 for Charles S. Hampton, Fusionist, and 125 for Burbanks, Prohibitionist. JABEZ PERKINS, Representative from Shiawassee county in 1859, was born at Defiance, O., Oct. 26, 1820. He received an academical education at Delaware, studied medicine, and graduated at Cleveland in 1849. He practiced medicine at Springville, Mich., for ten years, but at Owosso since 1860. He took charge of a hospital at Nashville in 1862, became a surgeon of Kentucky volunteers, medical director of the 2d army corps, and then medical director of the cavalry corps, army of the Cumberland. In politics first a Whig, then a Republican. HENRY M. PERRIN Was born at Berlin, Vt., July 23, 1829. He was educated at Dart- mouth college, graduating in 1853. He removed to Michigan in 1855, residing two years in Detroit, when he settled at St. Johns, still his home. He was admitted to the bar of Clinton county in 1858. Was judge of probate from 1861 to 1865, and Senator from Ingham and Clinton counties in 1865. • He has successfully followed his profes- sion, and is also a dealer in real estate. He indulges in farming as a diversion. PORTER K. PERRIN, Senator from Ingham and Clinton counties in 1877, was born Sept. 13, 1833, in Berlin, Vt. He received a common school and academical education, and was a graduate of the law university of Albany, N. Y. , in 1856-7. He removed from Cincinnati, Ohio, to Michigan in 1860. He has held the positions of first lieutenant, company I, and captain of first company sharpshooters, twenty-seventh Michigan infantry, and was commissioned major of the second Michigan infantry. He was also judge of probate for Clinton county from 1869 to 1872 inclusive; United IStates commissioner for about six and a half years, and has held some minor positions. He is by profession an attorney^ In politics a Republican. 520 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. AARON PERRY, Representative from Oakland county in 1873-4, was burn in Oakland, Mich., Nov. 11, 1848, and graduated from the University of Michigan in 1870. He is an attorney in practice at Pontiac, and in politics a Democrat. EDWIN PERRY Was born in Franklin county, N. Y, July 9, 1810. He removed to Michigan in 1837. He then removed to Wisconsin, where he lived until 1841. He returned to Jackson county and lived at Parma and Concord until 1851, when he removed to Union City, since his home. He was sergeant-at-arms in the state senate of 1855; Representative from the western district of Branch county in 1857 and 1859; post- master of Union City from 1881 to 1870; and has been justice of the peace for thirty-two years. GIDEON D. PERRY Was born in Palmyra, N. Y., Oct. 25, 1811. He was brought up to farming, left home at nineteen, became a scholar and teacher until 1833, when he commenced preaching, and was admitted to the Genesee conference of the Methodist Episcopal church. He preached for eleven years, when from poor health he abandoned it, came to Mich- igan in 1843, and settled on a farm in Franklin, Lenawee county. He was supervisor of the town; chairman of the board of supervisors; Representative in 1857; Senator in 1859. He has preached more or less every year. ALONZO E. PERSONS, Representative from Alpena county in 1861-2, was born at Smithville, N. Y., April 25, 1818. He received a common school education, be- came a sailor, and in 1840 was master of a vessel. . He continued in that business until 1849, when he removed to Bay City and engaged in the fishing business. Removed to Alpena in 1859, and was town clerk. From 1861 to 1874 was keeper of the Thunder Bay Island light. Built the first steam tug for fishing. Now master since 1882, and part owner of the steamer Golden Eagle. Has been justice and coroner. In politics first a Whig, since 1854 a Republican. GEORGE PETERS, Representative from Monroe county in 1861-2, and Senator in 1867, was born in Delaware county, N. Y., September 22, 1822, and came MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY. . 521 to Michigan in 1831. A farmer and a Republican. Resides at Peters- burgh. He has been postmaster sixteen years, and supervisor nine- teen years. JENS G. PETERSON, Representative from Detroit in 1861-2, was a native of Germany^ born in 1821. He was a retail grocer, and subsequently, in 1854, a co-partner in the cabinetmakers' association, a manufacturing firm in Detroit. He was register of the U. S. land office in Detroit, 1861-3,. and probably died in the last named year. Politics Republican. WM. H. H. PETTIT, Representative from Hillsdale county in 1887, was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, in 1840, and has been a resident of Michigan since 1854. Mr. Pettit served three years as a private in company C, 1st Mich, infantry. He has served eleven years as supervisor of Ransom township. He was elected on the republican ticket by a vote of 2,199 to 1,365 for Albert J. Baker, and 354 for Albert J. McCutcheon, Pro- hibitionist. TIMOTHY H. PETTIT Was a native of New York state, came to Tecumseh, Mich., in 1835, and in 1837 settled on a farm in Essex, Clinton county, where he remained until 1854, then went into business at DeWitt. Died in 1860. He was a Representative in 1855, justice, postmaster and town treasurer. FITCH PHELPS, Representative from Mecosta and other counties in 1877-9, and Sena- tor in 1883-5, was born at Guilford, N. Y., June 30, 1831. He received an academical education and was a merchant. In 1862 went to California, and was provost marshal of San Mateo county in 1863. In- 1868 located at Colfax, Mich., built a mill, engaged in lumbering,^ also in fa,rming. Resides at Big Rapids. In politics a Republican. JOHN W. PHELPS Was born in Seneca county, N. Y., June 14, 1819. He came to Michi- gan with his father in 1829, and settled at Plymouth. He studied medicine and engaged in practice at Mason in 1841. He was also, ^22 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. during the latter portion of his life, a hardware merchant. He was for several terms a justice, and was Representative in 1859. Died August 31, 1864. WILLIAM PHELPS, Representative from Detroit in 1861-2, was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., November 19, 1816. He received an academical education, and went into business at Detroit in 1835, which he continued until his death, July 24, 1879, being the head of the firm of Phelps, Brace & Co. In 1862-3 he was an " allotment commissioner" for Michigan, and became a paymaster in 1863, and in 1865 was made lieutenant colonel. He was on the military staff of Gov. Crapo, and was post commander and adjutant general of the G. A. R. for Michigan. A leading Mason and Odd Fellow, politically a Republican, in religion a Methodist, and an ordained preacher. NATHAN S. PHILBRICK, Representative from Oakland county in 1841, was. born in Maine, June 12, 1789. He was a farmer and hotel keeper, and a Democrat. He settled in Farmington, Mich., in 1826. Was commissioned a justice by Gov. Mason in 1834, and held that office several terms. Died in 1854. DELOS PHILLIPS Was born in Hamburg, N. Y., Oct. 24, 1839. He came to Ypsilanti in 1845, graduated at the public schools, taught two years, and was a student in the University from 1859 to 1862. He enlisted in 1862 as a private in the 17th Michigan infantry, and was promoted through all the grades to captain in 1863. In 1864 he was taken prisoner at ^Spottsylvania court-house, but escaped from the cars at night and, after 300 miles' travel, reported for duty. He became lieut. colonel of the 28th Michigan infantry, but resigned before the close of the war, and graduated from the University in 1865. He was Senator from Kalamazoo county in 1869-70, a presidential elector in 1876 and messenger to carry the vote to Washington . He was for six years a member of the board of supervisors. His life was that of a manu- facturer and business man. In politics a Republican. He died at Kalamazoo, Feb. 23, 1887. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 523 GEORGE W. PHILLIPS Was born in Livingston county, N. Y., July 17, 1829. He came with his father to Armada, Michigan, in 1831, who settled upon a farm. The son was raised a farmer. He was a charter member of the county agricultural society, many times its president, and almost continu- ously an officer. For eleven years he was a member of the state board of agriculture; an officer of the state agricultural society twenty-two years, and its president in 1880 and 1881. He is a Kepub- lican in politics. JOHN 1. PHILLIPS, Representative from Genesee county in 1871, was born in Canada, Sept. 3, 1823. He removed to Monroe county, N.Y., with his parents the next year, where he lived until 1844, when he settled in Vienna, Michigan. He held several town offices, and was engaged in several kinds of business until August 13, 1861, when he enlisted as sergeant of company '*G," 8th Michigan infantry. He served with the regi- ment in South Carolina and was promoted to 2d lieutenant Jan. 1 , 1863. He resigned on account of ill health Dec. 15, 1863, and returned to his home. He died before the close of his legislative term. In politics a Republican. NATHANIEL G. PHILLIPS, Representative in 1865 from Shiawassee county, was born at Preston, Conn., Nov. 20, 1825. He attended an academy at Norwalk, O., for three years, and came to Shiawassee county with his widowed mother and settled on a farm in 1840. From 1851 to 1853 was in California. His present farm xorms the location of the village of Bancroft. PITTS PHILLIPS, Representative from Oakland county in 1837, was born in the state of New York April 24, 1792. Lived in Stafford and Sempronius, N. Y., and married Mary Daniels at the latter place. He settled in South- field, Mich., in 1830. Was supervisor in 1836, and held the office of justice both in New York and Michigan. By occupation a farmer and cooper, in politics first a Whig, then an Abolitionist. Died April .10, 1842. EDWIN R. PHINNEY, Representative from Saginaw county in 1883, was born at Bangor, Me., Aug. 3, 1846. When young lived in New York city and Penn- 524 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. sylvania, removing to Richmond, O., in 1855. Came to Michigan in' 1872, engaged in the manufacture of boat oars at Carson City, remov- ing the business to East Saginaw in 1876, also engaged in the manu- facture of lumber, shingles and salt. In politics a Republican. ANSEL B. PIERCE, Representative from Wayne county in 1887, was born at Can- ton, New York, in 1836. He at the age of fifteen years entered the St. Lawrence academy, remaining there four years and teaching three terms in the meantime. At the age of twenty-one he came west and settled in Redford, Wayne county, where he has resided ever since, teaching school during the winter and working on his farm in the summer. Mr. Pierce has held the offices of supervisor, town clerk, school inspector and justice of the peace. He has been president of the Redford agricultural society since its organization, and is a prac- tical and thorough agriculturist. Mr. Pierce is a Democrat. DARIUS PIERCE, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1846 and 1847, was born' Sept. 2, 1801, at Farmington, N. Y. Came to Michigan in 1832, and was a farmer of the town of Lima. He was justice of the peace four years, county commissioner, and ten years a supervisor. Looking to the future of the state, he voted to remove the capital from Detroit to Lansing, although Ann Arbor was a contestant. Deceased. JOHN D. PIERCE, Superintendent of public instruction from 1836 to 1841, was born at Chesterfield, N. H., Feb. 18, 1797. From the age of two to twenty he lived with an uncle at Worcester, Mass., having only eight weeks' schooling. He then went to work and earned one hundred dollars, his grandfather gave the same amount, and in 1817 he walked four- teen miles to take his first lesson of Rev. Enoch Pond, who fitted him* for college. He graduated at Brown University in 1822; was princi- pal of Wrentham academy in 1823; the same year entered Princeton theological seminary; in 1824 was licensed to preach as a Congrega- tional minister, and became pastor of a church at Oneida, N. Y. He came as a home missionary to Marshall, Mich., in 1831, and held the first religious meetings in Jackson, Calhoun and Eaton counties. Gov. Mason appointed him the first superintendent of public instruc- MICHIGAK BIOGRAPHY. 525 tion, and he proved to be the right man in the right place, and his plans were adopted by the legislature of 1837 without a dissenting vote. A full sketch of his labors can be readily found. He was a Representative from Calhoun county in 1847-8. Died at'Medford, Mass., April 6, 1883. JOSEPH B. PIERCE, Representative from Jackson county in 1850, was born in St. Johns- bury, Vt., July 20, 1812. His parents removed to western New York in 1814. He came to Grass Lake, Michigan, in 1837, but removed to Leoni in 1839, where he kept a hotel. Later removed to Jackson and was a justice for eight years. He had a genial, happy disposition, was a great humorist, and delighted in entertaining friends with stories and anecdotes. Died July 17, NATHAN PIERCE Was born in Cheshire, Mass., Sept. 27, 1790. In 1795 he removed with his parents to Ontario county, N. Y., where he was brought up on a farm, and received a common school and academical education. He served in the war of 1812. In 1832 he located thirty eighty acre tracts in Calhoun, St. Joseph and Washtenaw counties, and settled on a farm in Sylvan, Washtenaw county, removing twelve years after to Mar- engo, Calhoun county, where he remained through life. He was a member of the constitutional conventions of 1835, 1850 and 1867, and a Representative in 1839-40-1-50-1. A Whig until 1854, then a Repub- lican. He was a man of gigantic stature, strong will, noted for hi& integrity, and one of the ablest of the farmer pioneers. ONESIMUS O. PIERCE, Representative from Wayne county in 1873-4, was born in Potsdam N. Y., Aug. 16, 1809. He was educated at the Potsdam academy. In 1833 he emigrated to Michigan, and settled in Redford, Wayne county, where he still resides. He has held various township offices. By occupation a farmer. PETER R. L. PIERCE, Senator from Kent county in 1869-70, was born in Geneseo, N. Y., May 25, 1823. As a boy, attended common schools, but in 1836 came to Detroit, there attending night schools and reading law. In 1840 57 526 JdlCHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. he removed to Grand Rapids and kept a book store, reading law with Judge Martin. From 1843 to 1850 was in mercantile business at Cin- cinnati, ()hio, and wrote a history of the iSons of Temperance, which had a circulation of 100,000 copies, and also wrote for several papers. From 1850 to 1857 was a merchant at Grand Rapids. In 1854 was city clerk; mayor in 1873-5-6; several terms clerk of Kent county, and postmaster of Grand Rapids from 1877 until his death, about 1880. In politics a Republican. A man of wit and humor, kind and genial. Few men had warmer friends, or better deserved them. BENJAMIN PIERSON Was born October 4, 1802, near Cayuga Lake, ^. Y. When young he moved with his parents to Victor, N. Y. He worked on a farm until fifteen years of age, then at carding wool and dressing cloth until 1826, when he came to Michigan and purchased land in Ply- mouth. He returned to New York and remained until 1836. He then settled on a farm in Livonia, Wayne county. He was a justice, and held various town offices, and was Representative in 1871-2. In politics a Democrat. ELIJAH H. PILCHER, Regent of the University from 1845 to 1851, was born in Athens county, Ohio. June 2, 1810. He was a student at the Athens Uni- versity, and was ordained a Methodist minister in 1829. From 1830 until his death, he was a resident of Michigan, preaching at Detroit, Ann Arbor, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Battle Creek, and other places. He was ten years secretary of the conference, and for nearly twenty-five years a presiding elder. He was one of the founders of Albion college. He received several degrees, including D. D., and was admitted to the bar in 1846. He was the author of " Protestantism in Michigan." WASHINGTON PITCHER, Representative from St. Joseph county in 1835, was born in Norwich, •Conn., December 28, 1816, and received a fair education. Removed to Parma, N. Y., in 1831, was two years a clerk at Rochester, N. Y., and came to White Pigeon, Mich., in 1836. In 1844 removed to Con- stantine. He was a merchant, and the late Gov. Bagley was for one year bis clerk, when a boy. In 1858 removed to Illinois, residing at I MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 527 Franklin Grove, then Wall Lake, Kansas, where he now resides. In politics a Democrat. ZINA PITCHER, Regent of the University, by appointment, several terms from 1837 to 1852, was born in Washington county, N. Y., April 12, 1797, and died at Detroit, Mich., April 5, 1872. He received an academical educa- tion, and graduated as a physician in 1822. He served as an army surgeon until 1836, then became a resident of Detroit. The medical department of the University was essentially his work. He was mayor of Detroit in 1840-1-2, and the whig candidate for governor in 1843. He was physician of St. Mary's hospital from 1848 to 1867; surgeon of the marine hospital under Buchanan; trustee of the Kalamazoo asylum; a member of many scientific and medical societies, and one of the ablest and most widely known physicians in Michigan. FREDERICK PITT, Representative from Ionia county in 1883, was born in London, Eng- land, June 10, 1824, and came to Ionia county, Mich., in 1850. When young worked at engraving, making of pianos, was later a carpenter, and is now a farmer. Has been several terms a supervisor, and held other offices. In politics a Republican. CHARLES M. PITTS, Representative from Monroe county in 1865, was a farmer and for a number of terms supervisor in Monr&e county. He was a man of considerable influence in the town where he resided. Died several years ago. ZEPHANIAH PL ATT, Attorney general of Michigan from 1841 to 1843, was born at Pough- keepsie, N. Y., Feb. 22, 1797. He graduated at Hamilton college, studied law, practiced in western New York and New York city, and settled at Kalamazoo in 1837. In 1839 he removed to Detroit. In 1850 he resumed practice in New York city, and was commissioner to ad- just claims of the United States on the Pacific coast. He was then appointed United States judge for the second district of South Caro- lina. He acquired distinction in that position, and died at Aiken, S. C, April 19, 1872. 528 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. EMERY M. PLYMPTON, Representative from Berrien county in 1869-70, was born in Canton,. Ohio, June 1, 1826. His father was a pioneer Methodist minister in Ohio and preached for fifty -five years. The son received a good edu- cation and commenced teaching when eighteen, and taught in several states for nine years. He was a Whig until 1854, later a Republican. He came to this state in 1849, was in railroad business two years, and taught school at Niles from 1851 to 1853. He was admitted to the bar in 1853, and was a justice and prosecuting attorney. He went into the service as captain in 4th Michigan cavalry, but resigned in 1863, from ill health. He was deputy provost marshal in 1863-5, cir- cuit court commissioner 1871-2, and held other offices. Died March 26, 1888. ENOS A. POMROY, Representative from Hillsdale county in 1881-2, was born in Bristol, N. Y., March 16, 1832. He came with his father to Allen, Mich., in 1844, and removed to Litchfield in 1851. He has been six times a supervisor. A farmer, in politics a Republican. ALFRED POND Was born in Camden, N. Y., Feb. 10, 1806. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Democrat. He settled in Clayton, Genesee county, in 1839, and lived there until 1880, but since that time has been a resident of Flushing. He was a Representative in 1847. CORNELIUS V. R. POND, Commissioner of labor 1885 to 1887, was born in Auburn, N. Y., May 39, 1836, and received an academical education. He was a clerk in New York and Hartford from 1852 to 1860, then a manufacturer. He was quartermaster of the 12th Connecticut from 1861 to 1863, and re- signed from ill health. He then served in the provost marshal's office at Utica. He settled at Cold water, Michigan, in 1865, and engaged in insurance. He went to Quincy in 1869. He was postmaster there from 1878 to 1885. He established the Quincy Herald in 1878, but sold it in 1884. He was commander of the G. A. R. for two years. A Republican. Now in Kansas. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 529 ELIHU B. POND, Senator from Washtenaw county in 1859, was born in Wilmington, N. Y., July 15, 1826. Lived in Ohio from 1833 to 1835, when his father settled at Branch, then the county seat of Branch county, removing to Coldwater in 1843. He learned the trade of a printer, and worked as a young man at various points. He was in 1847 a student at Albion college. From 1848 to 1854 he owned and edited the Coldwater Sen- tinel; then removed to Ann Arbor and was editor and proprietor of the Michigan Argus until 1879. He has been county clerk, alderman, member and president of the school board, warden of the state prison, €tc. He was president of the state press association in 1868-9. In politics a Democrat, and now a justice at Ann Arbor. JARED POND, Representative from Branch county in 1839, was born at Poultney, Vt., Sept. 26, 1790, and died at Ann Arbor, Mich., April 12, 1856. He served in the war of 1812. He was a surveyor and iron manufacturer at Wilmington, N. Y,, and after a few years' residence in Ohio became a resident of Branch county, Mich., in 1835, and was a surveyor. He was register of deeds from 1843 to 1847. Later removed to Ann Arbor. He was father of E. B. and Ashley Pond. ORRIN POPPLETON, Representative from Oakland county in 1853, was born in Richmond, N. Y., April 22, 1817, and came to Troy, Mich., with his parents in 1825. He received a common school education and was a teacher in 1834-5 and 1839-40. In 1837-8 he attended Granville, O., academy, and then was a clerk in the postoffice at Pontiac. From 1840 to the present time has been a successful merchant at Birmingham, Mich., and was postmaster from 1853 to 1861. He was a member of the democratic congressional committee sixteen years. He is also a farmer. In politics a Democrat. A valuable member of the state pioneer society. WILLIAM POPPLETON, Representative in 1843 from Oakland county, was born at Poultney, Vt., in 1795, but removed to Richmond, N. Y., at the age of seventeen. He purchased a farm in Troy, Mich., in 1823, and settled upon it with his family in 1825. The small farm increased in size until in 1845 he 530 MICHIGAK BIOGRAPHY. owned 1,200 acres. In 1856 he removed to a place near the village of Birmingham, where he died in 1869. AUGUSTUS S. PORTER, United States Senator from Michigan, 1840-45, was born in Canan- daigua, N. Y., Jan. 18, 1798. He was of a distinguished family, his father, Augustus Porter, subsequently removing to Niagara Falls,, where he became the first proprietor of a property which he occupied. The son graduated from Union college in 1818, studied law, and wafr admitted to practice. After locating in Detroit he acquired a leading position at the bar, and was identified with the social, political and educational history of the city, serving as recorder in 1834 and mayor in 1838. The election of Senator for the term for which he was chosen should have been made at the legislative session of 1839, but the two houses, both democratic, failed to agree, and allowed the election to go by default. The whig party carried the state and the legislature in 1839, and at the session of 1840 elected Mr. Porter to the Senate for the term commencing March 4, 1839. He returned to Niagara Falls in 1848, after the death of his father. He has been dead some years, although members of the family still reside there. GEORGE B. PORTER, Governor of the territory of Michigan from August 1, 1831, until his death, July 6, 1834, was a native of Lancaster, Pa., a lawyer by pro- fession, and prior to his coming to Michigan had been United States marshal of the eastern district of Pennsylvania. He removed with his family to Michigan, bought a farm in Springwells, and began the construction of a fine residence. He was a man of executive ability and popular. JAMES B. PORTER, Secretary of State from 1861 to 1867, was born at Marcellus, N. Y., in September, 1824. He came to Michigan in 1833, and removed to Allegan in 1840, and lived there until 1865, then removed to Lansing in 1866, where he «till resides. He was county clerk and register of deeds of Allegan county from 1851 to 1861. Occupation, real estate and insurance; politics, republican. M[CHIGA2^ BIOGRAPHY. 531 JOHN PORTER "Was born in Tompkins county, N. Y., in 1819. He came to Michigan in 1838, in 1845 settled in Montcalm county, and on the organization of that county was elected county treasurer, holding the position four years. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Republican. He was a Representative from Kent county in 1863-4, having removed there in 1855. Present residence, Wyoming, Kent county. LEWIS PORTER, Representative in 1857-8, and Senator from Kent county in 1859, was born in the state of New York, Nov. 4, 1823. He came to Michigan in 1838. He was engaged in the clothing trade at Grand Rapids, and was an active Republican in politics. Among other positions he was assistant postmaster at Washington, D. C, and was the first clerk of the U. S. district court for western Michigan. Died January 10, 1883. MICAH PORTER, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1844, was born in Wey- mouth, Mass., Aug. 2, 1793, his ancestors having settled there in 1635, He learned the trade of a mason at Rome, N. Y., working at it sum- mers and teaching winters. During the war of 1812 he was a leading supporter of Madison. He built a parliament house at Little York, near Toronto, Canada. He then resided at Rochester, N. Y., until 1832, when he became a farmer at Sharon, Mich., and was many years a justice there and supervisor. Died July 7, 1870. FLOYD L. POST, Senator from Midland and other counties in 1887, was born at Helvi- dere, N. Y., in 1857, and is by occupation editor, lawyer and real estate dealer. He had school advantages up to thirteen years or age, was clerk in a drug store a year, then worked in a shingle mill, be- came foreman, then proprietor of a saw and shingle mill with his father, also was in lumbering and mercantile business. Has been supervisor, town clerk and treasurer, and was a Repres^itative in. 1885. In politics a Republican. Has been admitted to the bar. SAMUEL POST, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1871-2, was born at Ypsi- lanti, Mich., November 9, 1834, which has always been his home.. 532 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. He received a common school education, and became a clerk at the age of twelve. At the age of nineteen became a dry goods and ■clothing merchant, and continued it successfully for seventeen years. In 1873 he was appointed U. S. pension agent at Detroit, and held that position nearly thirteen years, until removed by President Cleveland. In politics a Republican. Now in business at Detroit. ALLEN POTTER Was born in Saratoga county, N. Y., October 2, 1818; removed to Michigan in 1838, and located at Kalamazoo in 1845; engaged in manufacturing, mercantile pursuits and banking; was Representative in the legislature in 1857 and 1858; was elected president of the village in 1859, 1863, 1870 and 1872, and president of the board of education in 1870 and 1871. He was elected president of the Kalamazoo & South Haven railroad company in 1870, and was very efficient in securing the building of that road. In 1874, as the candidate of the democrats and liberals, he was elected Representative to congress, serving from December 6, 1875 to March 3, 1877. CALVIN B. POTTER, Representative from Berrien county in 1875, was born July 15, 1837, at Brownville, N. Y. He removed to Michigan in 1838. A lawyer by profession, in politics a Democrat. FORDYCE H. POTTER, Representative from Shiawassee county in 1883-5, was born in Wayne •county, N. Y., April 8, 1833. He received a common school educa- tion, and became a carpenter. In 1856 he removed to Shiawassee, Mich., and is now a contractor and builder. Has held many local offices. Elected as a Fusionist. GEORGE N. POTTER, "Senator from Eaton and Barry counties in 1887, was born at Ira, N. Y., Oct. 16, 1827. He came with his parents to Saline, Mich., in 1830, his father building the first frame house in that village. They removed to Eaton county in 1844. The son received a common school education, became a farmer, and 'is the founder of the village of Pot- terville; was one of thirteen that effected the organization of the MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 533 Peninsular railroad, now a part of the Grand Trunk, and was a director; has been engaged in manufacturing and lumbering. In politics a Republican. ANTHONY POUCHER Was born Nov. 24, 1801, at Claverack, N. Y. He emigrated to Mich- igan in 1833, and settled on a farm in Bridgewater, Washtenaw county. He died October 7, 1870. As a Democrat, he was a Repre- sentative in 1838. » MILO POWELL, Representative from St. Joseph county in 1848, was born in Berkshire county, Mass., Oct. 3, 1809. He came to Michigan in 1835. Has been supervisor in Cass county, and justice both in Cass and St. Joseph counties. In politics a Democrat. Has been engaged m banking for years, but has retired from business, and resides at Constantine. NATHAN POWER, Representative from Oakland county in 1855, wasjborn in Farmington, N. Y., April 19, 1801. He settled in Farmington, Oakland county, in 1826. He taught the first school in 1826. He was a man of extensive reading, extraordinary memory, and well informed in regard to affairs of the state and nation. In politics a Free Soil Republican, by occupation a farmer, in religion, a Friend. Died in 1874. PLINY POWER, I^epresentative from Oakland county in 1844, and from Wayne in 1855, was born in Vermont in 1798. He became a physician, practiced for a time in Tioga county. Pa. ,and removed to Oakland county about 1840. He subsequently removed to Detroit and was county physician there in 1852. He was originally a Democrat, but became a Republi- can in 1854. He was active in the temperance cause, sometimes lecturing on that subject. Died in Detroit in 1861. ROBERT D. POWER, Representative from Livingston county in 1844-5, was one of the earliest settlers of Brighton. The erection and opening of a public house by him in 1836, was the first step taken to give that place the 58 534 MICHIGAN BIOGKAPHY. character of a village. He was sheriff from 1839 to 1843, and was; also moderator and director of the public schools. He was a man of much force of character, intuitive shrewdness and exerted a strong influence in politics. Deceased. WILLIAM POWERS, Representative from St. Clair county in 1885-7, was born in Tipper- ary county, Ireland, in 1842. He has been a resident of Michigan since 1859. Mr. Powers is a farmer, has held the office of township treasurer six years, the office of supervisor eight years. In politics a Democrat. WILLIAM H. POWERS, Representative from Kent county in 1879, was bom in Troy, N. Y. , April 7, 1841. He received a common school education at Grand Rapids, Mich., to which place he removed in 1847. He is a member of the firm of Powers & Walker, manufacturers of undertakers' goods, also of the firm of Wm. T. Powers & Son, manufacturers of lumber, lath and shingles. He has held the office of city clerk, alder- man, and a member of the board of fire commissioners of Grand Rapids. In politics a National. ABNER PRATT Was born in Springfield, N. Y., May 22, 1801. He was brought up on a farm, had limited educational advantages, read law, and com- menced practice, first at Rush, afterwards at Rochester, N. Y., where he remained until 1839, when he resigned the office of district attorney, and removed to Marshall, Mich. He was Senator in 1844-5, and Representative in 1863. In 1858 he went to Honolulu as U. S* consul, where he remained several years. He was a judge of the Supreme Court from 1850 to 1853, and circuit judge from 1852 to 1857, when he resigned. He was always a Democrat, and a prominent Mason. He was an able, fearless judge, and a man of great ability. He died March 27, 1863. DANIEL L. PRATT Was born in Plainfield, Mass.. June 24, 1820. In 1830 he removed with the family to Geauga county, Ohio. Having studied law, he was admitted to the bar in 1844. In 1845 he commenced the practice of law at Hillsdale, where he has since resided: He was elected MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 536' prosecuting attorney for Hillsdale county in 1856, and re-elected in 1860; has been twelve years a member of the board of trustees of the- Michigan asylum for the insane; was a member of the constitutional convention of 1867; was elected circuit judge of the jftrst circuit in 1869; was re-elected in 1875, no nomination having been made against him. He has been a trustee of Hillsdale college since its organization in 1853, and has contributed liberally of time, money and counsel to its support. He was a Whig until the organization of the Republican party, with which he has since acted. He resides on a farm, just outside of Hillsdale, which he cleared and improved himself. FOSTER PRATT Was born at Mt. Morris, N. Y., January 9, 1823. His ancestors landed at Plymouth in 1622. He received an academical education, at seventeen engaged in teaching, and was principal of an academy at Angelica, N. Y., and from 1844 to 1847 of one at Moorfield, Va. He graduated as a physician in 1849, from the University of Penn- sylvania, and practiced his profession at Romney, Va., until 1856, when he removed to Kalamazoo, resuming his practice. In 1859 was a Representative. He aided in procuring appropriations for the asylum at Kalamazoo, of which he has been trustee. A Democrat in politics. Was surgeon of the 13th Michigan infantry from 1861 to 1865; president of Kalamazoo village in 1871; chairman of demo- cratic state committee 1872 to 1876: postmaster of Kalamazoo 1866-7. WILLIAM A. PRATT, Representative from Oakland county in 1843-4-5, and speaker pro tern, in 1845, was born in Vermont. By occupation a millwright. Came to Franklin, Michigan, at an early day. There he built several mills, and in 1838 built a flouring -mill, of which he and Winthrop Worthing were proprietors. He was supervisor of the town of South- field in 1842-3, and justice of the peace. Removed later to Sault Ste Marie, where he made money in land transactions, and finally removed to Detroit. Politically a Democrat. Deceased, ESEK PRAY, Representative in 1838 from Washtenaw county, was born in East Killingly, Conn., Nov. 29. 1793; in 1814 removed to Angelica, N. Y. In May, 1825, he came to Michigan, and became a farmer in the town 536 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. of Superior. He kept a tavern many years at Dixboro. Gov. Cass appointed him justice, which position he held for twenty-four years. He was a Democrat. Died April 20, 1853. GEORGE PRAY, Representative from Ionia county in 1879, was bom Aug. 27, 1825, in Angelica, N. Y. He received an academical education, graduated from the University of Michigan in 1845, and from the medical department of Western Reserve college in 1849. He removed to Michigan in 1825 and settled in Superior, Washtenaw county. He commenced the practice of medicine in Salem in 1849. In 1856 he removed to Ronald, Ionia county, and invested his means in lands. From 1863 to 1867 resided at Ann Arbor, practicing his profession, but at the expiration of that time returned to Ronald. He has been a supervisor, and chairman of the board of supervisors for many years. Politics, republican. ALMON E. PRESTON, Representative from Calhoun county in 1875, was born July 15, 1832, in Orleans county, N. Y. He removed to Battle Creek, Mich., in 1844. He was educated in common schools, and is by occupation a mechanic. He held the position of second lieutenant in 1861 in the Michigan engineer corps, and was captain of Co. **L" of the regiment of Merrill's horse, serving in the western department until 1864. He has been three terms a supervisor in Battle Creek, and also a member -of the board of education. In politics a Republican. ^ S. HORACE PRESTON, Representative from Ingham county in 1887, was born in Oneida, Mich. , Oct. 25, 1837. He was educated in common schools and at Olivet college. In 1865 he settled on a farm in the town of Lansing. Has always been a farmer, been a supervisor seven years, and two years chairman of the board. In politics a Democrat. FRANCIS J. PREVOST came from New York to Michigan before 1830. After living some years in Washtenaw county he organized a company, known as the Byron company, and bought lands on which the village of Byron is located. He moved there in 1836, and was the principal man for MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 53T many years. He was the first postmaster, and was a Representative in 1843, and a member of the constitutional convention of 1850. Soon, after removed to California, where he died many years since. LAYMAN B. PRICE, Representative from Macomb county in 1847, was born at Rush, N.. Y., Nov. 23, 1811, and came with his father to Shelby, Mich., in 1827,. where the village of Utica now stands. His father built the first grist and saw mill in that part of the county. The son became a farmer ,^ but has been a merchant since 1852. He was sergeant-at-arms of the Senate in 1837, and sheriff of Macomb county in 1840. He resides at Lakeville, Oakland county, and was Senator from that county in 1871-2. DELIVERANCE S. PRIEST Was born in Arlington, Vt., Aug. 1814. His education was obtained in the common schools. He settled as. a farmer in Ray, Macomb- county, Michigan, in 1838. He was a Representative from the sec- ond district of Macomb county in 1871-2-3-4. In politics a Repub- lican. Died in February, 1888. CLARENCE W. PRINDLE, Representative from Kent county in 1877-81-2, was born in Rutland,. Mich., Dec. 20, 1849, and was two years a student at Albion college. He studied medicine, and graduated from Hahnemann medical col-^ lege of Chicago in 1871. Now in practice at Grand Rapids, also a member of the drug firm of Prindle Brothers. In politics a Repub- lican. EUGENE PRINGLE, Representative in 1861-2, and Senator in 1867, was born in Richfield,. N. Y., Dec. 1, 1826, and received an academical education. He studied law, was admitted in 1849, and commenced practice at Jack- son, Mich., in 1850, still his home. He has been circuit court com- missioner, prosecuting attorney, city recorder, mayor, military secre- tary under Gov. Blair, member of the constitutional convention of 1867, register in bankrupcy, state insurance commissioner 1885-7, and democratic candidate for lieutenant governor in 1882. He has also- been active in the building of railroads. In politics, a Whig until 1854, a Republican until 1872, now a Democrat., 638 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. BENJAMIN D. PRITCHARD, Commissioner of the state land office, 1867 to 1871, and state treas- urer 1879 to 1883, was born in Nelson, Ohio, and educated at Western Reserve college. He came to Michigan in 1856, graduated from the law department of the University in 1860, and commenced practice at Allegan, his present home. He went into the war as captain in the 4th Michigan cavalry, and was promoted to the rank of brevet briga- dier general, and a part of his war record was the capture of Jefferson Davis. He is a Republican, and president of the national bank at Allegan. KINTZING PRITCHETT, The first secretary of state under the state government, 1835-38, came to Michigan under the favor of Governor George B. Porter, about the year 1831. He was a favorite with Gov. Porter, also with Gov. Mason, by whom he was appointed secretary of state. He was a gen- tleman neat and exact in dress, above medium height, straight, clean shaven, and a pair of spectacles added to the dignity of his port. Richard R. Elliott, of Detroit, in a note, says of him: "I remember his personal appearance, which was certainly distinguished, and his peculiar name struck my childish imagination." He was a lawyer and an educated man, was appointed to the office of bank commis- sioner in 183 S, and returned east after the close of Gov. Mason's administration. His nativity is unknown, but understood to have been Pennsylvania or New Jersey. WILLIAM PROBERT, Representative from Manistee county in 1879, was bom in Gloucester- shire, England, March 24, 1835, and was educated in common schools. He emigrated in 1850 and settled in Jefferson county, N. Y. In 1861 he enlisted in the first regiment of Wis. Vols., and participated in many engagements, and was mustered out at the expiration of enlist- ment. In 1864 he removed to Pleasanton, Mich. Has been supervisor, and has held minor offices. Occupation, farmer. Politics, demo- cratic. ABRAHAM C. PRUTZMAN Was born in Columbia county. Pa., March 6, 1813. Received a com mon school education, and was employed as clerk in Dansville, Pa., MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 539 for some years. In 1834 he emigrated to Michigan, and settled on Prairie Ronde. In 1838 he removed to Three Rivers, where he now resides. He engaged in the milling and merchandise business, in which he was concerned for a period of 27 years. He was appointed a member of the board of agriculture in 1862, a position he held for ten years. In 1868 he was elected Senator from St. Joseph and Cass counties, and was twice re-elected. A Republican in politics. NICHOLAS W. PULLEN, Representative from Wayne county in 1845, was born in Ontario county, N. Y., in 1808. He came to Michigan in 1831, first settling near Royal Oak, but subsequently removing to Romulus, where he resided for twelve years, serving much of tKe time as supervisor and justice. Failing health induced his removal to Detroit in 1847, and from thence he removed to Birmingham, where he died in 1863. He was by occupation a farmer, and politically a Democrat. HENRY H. PULVER, Senator from Shiawassee and Livingston counties in 1885, was born Sept. 12, 1848, in Yates county, N. Y. He came to Michigan in 1844, served in the 8th Michigan infantry four years, studied law, was ad- mitted in 1859, and went into practice at Laingsburg. In politics, first a Republican, later a Greenbacker. WILLIAM PURCELL, Representative from Detroit in 1869-70, was a native of Ireland, born 1818. He died in 1880. Mr. Purcell was engaged in the foundry bus- iness, and was a man of character, conscientious in the discharge of his duties. He served his ward four consecutive terms, from 1861 to 1868, as alderman, was controller of the city June, 1870, to March, 1871, and was a member of the board of public works from 1876 to 1879. Was a Democrat politically. TTZZIEL PUTNAM, JR. Was born in Pokagon, Michigan, August 12, 1826. He was the fir^ white child born in Cass county, and was the son of Uzziel Putnam, a pioneer farmer. He received a good education, and graduated from the State University in' 1853. He read law with E. C&C. I. Walker of Detroit, and was admitted to the bar in 1855, but practiced 540 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. only a short time. He held the offices of school inspector, justice, and' circuit court commissioner. He was Representative in 1869-70, and Senator in 1871-2. In 1874 he was appointed a member of the state board of charities, and held that position until his death, Feb. 10, 1879. He was president of the Cass county pioneer society, and took great interest in all matters of pioneer history. In politics a Republican. JOFIN RAIRDEN, Senator from Wayne county in 1887, was born in Ireland, June 24^ 1831. Came when young to Canada, moved to Toledo, Ohio, and from there to Detroit in 1843. Attended public and private schools, and learned the trade of chair painting and furniture finishing. He continued his studies, and acquired the German, French and other languages. Opened a night school in 1856 and continued it for sev- eral years. Was a teacher in the German- American seminary in 1864; from 1865 to 1867 was a letter carrier; since taught in private and public schools, and since 1874 been principal of a private schooL Elected as a Labor-Republican. STILLMAN RALPH, Representative from Hillsdale county in 1837 and 1855, was born at Reading, Vt., Nov. 7, 1803. He received a common school education, and taught school several terms. He commenced the study of medi- cine in 1827, graduating at Waterville, Maine, in 1830. The same year he commenced practice at Canandaigui, N. Y. In 1835 he removed to Moscow plains, Hillsdale county, which was his home at the time of his death. He resided in Jonesville from 1840 to 1847. He was first a Whig but became a Republican in 1854. Died at Lan- sing, Feb. 18, 1855. JONATHAN G. RAMSDELL Was born at Plymouth, lilich., in 1830, and was educated at Ply- mouth seminary and Albion college. Studied law, was admitted in 1857, and settled in practice at Traverse City in 1860, his present home. He is now serving his fourth term as judge of the 13th cir. cuit, and has taken a leading position in the state as a fruit grower, and done much develop the capacities of the upper western shore of the state for the profitable cultivation of fruit. In politics a Repub- lican. MICHIGAIT BIOGRAPHY. 541 NORTON R. RAMSDELL Was a native of New York and removed to Ann Arbor in 1835. Be- fore coming to Michigan he had been a licensed exhorter in the Methodist Episcopal church, but studied law, was admitted to the bar, and came west to practice. He was regarded by his colleagues as a good lawyer, and one who excelled as an advocate. He was Representative in 1844. In politics a Democrat. Deceased. THOMAS J. RAMSDELL Was born in Plymouth, Michigan, July 29, 1833. He worked on his father's farm summers, attending school winters until eighteen years of age, when he became a student at Plymouth seminary, then at the state normal school. Read law in Lansing, and graduated at the national law school at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., in 1858. Was admitted to the bar in New York, returned to Lansing and opened a law office. In the winter of 1859-60 removed to Manistee, and engaged in prac- tice. He was a Representative in 1861-2. In 1867 formed a law part- nership with E. E. Benedict, and the firm of Ramsdell & Benedict is still in practice. In politics a Republican. CALEB D. RANDALL Was born in Conquest, N. Y., in 1831, and is a descendant of Wm. Randall, who settled in Scituate, Mass., in 1635. He removed with his father's family to Bronson, Mich., in 1835. He graduated at the Albany law school in 1855. He settled at Coldwater in 1857 and practiced law until 1871. He was Senator in 1871-2. It is largely through his efforts that the state school for dependent children was established at Coldwater. He was a delegate to the Republican national convention of 1880. He has been president of the southern Michigan national bank of Coldwater since its organization in 1872, and for many years has been one of the state board of control of the public school at Coldwater. In politics a Republican. HARVEY RANDALL, Representative from Calhoun county in 1867, was born in Sweden, N. Y., June 10, 1819. By occupation an insurance agent, politically a Republican. He settled at Tekonsha, Mich., in 1841. Was justice of the peace fifteen years, supervisor three years, enrolling officer dur- ing the rebellion, clerk of the Bkptist church over thirty years, and held other offices. Died April 1, 1887. 59 542 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. FRANCIS H. RANKIN Representative from Genesee county in 1861-2-3 4, and Senator in 1877, was born in Creymore, Ireland, Oct. 29, 1818, and was educated at private schools and Belfast academy. He came to Pontiac, Mich., in 1848, worked two years as a printer, and in 1850 established the Wolverine Citizen, now the Flint Citizen, at Flint, and has continued to publish and edit it until the present time. He was state prison inspector 1865-9; clerk and recorder of Flint 1871-7; and was post- master of Flint eight years. He was one of the commissioners ap- pointed in 1867 to examine into the condition of the prison and reformatory institutions of the state and report, which resulted in establishing the state board of charities. In politics a Republican. LEMUEL S. RANNEY, Representative from Hillsdale county in 1875, was born in Ashfield, Mass., Jan. 17, 1831. He removed to Phelps, N. Y., in 1833, received a common school education, and in 1843 emigrated to Allen, Michi- gan. In 1852 he crossed the plains to California, and again in 1859, and in all spent ten years in various states and territories on the Pacific coast. He has been supervisor, and is by occupation a farm er. In politics a Republican. PEYTON RANNEY, Representative from Kalamazoo county in 1883, was born in West- minster, Vt., Nov. 29, 1826, and became a resident of Kalamazoo in 1857. He had been a teacher in Vermont for eight years. Has been a wholesale and retail grocer, and lately largely interested in the grain trade. Has been alderman, and twice president of Kalamazoo. In politics a Republican. EPAPHRODITUS RANSOM Was bom at Shelburne Falls, Hampshire county, Mass., February, 1797. He was the second son of Major Ezekiel Ransom, a revolution- ary officer, his mother being a daughter of General Fletcher, a man that figured prominently in the early history of Vermont, and espe- cially during the protracted controversy with New York that preceded the admission of the former state into the union. He accompanied his parents while still a young lad to Townshend, Windham county, Vermont, where he was raised to manhood, work- MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 543 ing upon the rugged hillsides of the old Fletcher farm during the summers, and either attending or teaching school during the winters. With such preparation as he was able to make at the common district schools, he entered the Chester academy in Windsor county, Vt., then one of the most prominent literary institutions in New England. Graduating from the academy after four years' attendance, he entered the law office of Judge Taft, at Townshend, where he commenced the study of law, having for a fellow student the son of his preceptor, Alphonso Taft, now of Cincinnati, Ohio, and late attorney general of the United States. After two years' study with Judge Taft he en- tered the law school at Northampton, Mass., from which he gradu- ated with distinction in 1823. After graduating from the law school Mr. Ransom returned to Windham county, where he had a successful law practice for some years, meanwhile, although belonging to the minority party in poli- tics, being returned several sessions as a member of the popular branch of the legislature of Vermont. In 1834, seeking a wider field of labor and better resources of soil and climate than his own state afforded, he emigrated to Michigan, then just beginning to attract considerable attention at the East. He reached the town of Bronson, now Kalamazoo, in Oclober of the last mentioned year. The town was then merely a hamlet of not more than twenty houses of all descriptions, and a population not exceeding 100 souls. He at once entered upon the practice of his profession, afterwards associating with himself the late Hon. Charles E. Stuart. The firm enjoyed a large and lucrative business until the admission of the state into the union in 1836, when he was appointed by Governor Mason judge of the 2d judicial circuit, and associate justice of the Supreme Court, being the first to receive a judicial commission under the con- stitution of the new state. The 2d judicial circuit at that time com- prised all the counties of the state west of Jackson, and the new judge reached most of his courts on horseback, the only practicable mode of getting about the country at that early day. In 1843 Judge Ransom was promoted to the chief justiceship by Governor Barry, and continued in that position until elected governor by a majority vote of every county in the state in 1847. He occupied the gubernatorial position but one term. Differing with the majority of his party upon the slavery question and taking strong grounds in his second message in support of the Wilmot proviso, he failed of re- nomination and was retired to private life. In 1853 he represented Kalamazoo county in the state legislature, and four years later, after serious reverses in fortune, emigrated to Kansas, having been 544 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY, appointed receiver of the Osage land office in that territory by Presi- dent Buchanan. He died at Fort Scott, Kansas, in November, 1859, in the 63d year of his age, and his remains were subsequently brought to Kalamazoo^ where they are buried in the Mountain Home cemetery at that place. Governor Ransom was greatly interested in agricultural pursuits. The Michigan state agricultural society was organized during his gubernatorial term, and he was its first president. His farm, at one time among the finest in western Michigan, is now the site of the best portion of the city of Kalamazoo. He was among the first to interest himself in the introduction of blooded stock into the state, and to no one is the sheep and cattle interest more indebted than to Governor Ransom, whose flocks and herds were in an early day among the finest in the West. In person Governor Ransom was tall and straight, of robust physique, and commanding and dignified presence. At all times approachable and simple in his habits of life he was popular with the people among whom he lived, and is still remembered by the old citi- zens of western Michigan with the kindest regard and esteem. FLETCHER RANSOM, Representative from Kalamazoo county in 1845-6, was born in Ver- mont in 1800. By profession a physician. He came to Kalamazoo, Michigan, in 1836. He was elected as a Whig to the legislature, but later was a Democrat. Died June 3, 1867. JAMES W. RANSOM, Representative from Kent county in 1875, was born at Liberty, N. Y., May 20, 1829. He was educated at the Wilson collegiate institute, N. Y., adopting the profession of the law. He removed to Michigan in 1853, taking up his residence in Grand Rapids, of which place he has been city attorney. HENRY RAYMOND, Representative from Bay county in 1859, was born at Woodstock,Vt. August 29, 1804, his ancestors coming to Massachusetts in 1654. He received a common school education. He came to Detroit in 1829, and resided there until 1850, when he removed to Bay City and engaged in the manufacture of lumber. From 1862 imtil the close of the war he was a commissioner on the provost marshal board of the MICHIGAK BIOGRAPHY. 545 6th district. In 1868 he was appointed assessor of that district and served four years. From 1872 to 1884 he was a resident of southern California. He is now a resident of Detroit. A Whig until 1854, since a Republican. HENRY S. RAYMOND Was born at Grosse Isle, Mich., February 23, 1838. His father settled in Detroit more than fifty years ago, removing thence to Grosse Isle, and then to Trenton, returned to Detroit, and in 1851 moved to Bay City, where he took up his permanent residence and engaged in the lumber business, in which Henry assisted. Henry S. held the office ot postmaster of that city from 1861 until 1870. He entered the army as second lieutenant 23d Michigan volunteer infantry, becoming captain the same year, and in 1864 receiving his commission as lieutenant colonel, being in command of his regiment for a portion of the time until the mustering out of the same in June, 1865. Returning to Bay City, engaged in business as a bookseller, stationer, etc. , in which he continued until 1884. Was aide de camp upon the staff of Governor Jerome, ranking as colonel, and was appointed commissioner of insurance by Governor Alger, and was reappointed in 1887 by Governor Luce. HIRAM RAYMOND Was born in Cohocton, N. Y., January 4, 1819. His father settled on a farm in Raisin, Lenawee county, in 1833, where the son commenced the life of a pioneer. He was supervisor of Raisin two years. In 1868 he removed to Tecumseh, and engaged in the manufacture of agricultural implements. He was justice in Tecumseh four years, and was Representative in 1863-4. MAHLON H. RAYMOND, Representative from Jackson county m 1879, was born in Sharon, Mich., June 19, 1836. He received a good education. In 1859 he graduated from the medical department of the University of Michi- gan. He removed to Grass Lake and commenced the practice of his profession. In 1862 he was commissioned assistant surgeon of the twenty-sixth regiment Michigan volunteers, and in 1863 was pro- moted to surgeon. He has been a member of the school board for twelve years, and was chosen president of the village. In politics a Republican. 546 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. EBENEZER RAYNALE, Member of the constitutional conventions of 1835 and 1850, and Sena- tor in 1835-6-7, was born in Hartland, Vt., Oct. 21, 1804. He studied medicine, and received the degree of M. D., in 1826, and shortly after settled at Franklin, Michigan, and became a successful and dis- tinguished practitioner. He married Eliza Cassidy in 1830. He was postmaster of Franklin under Jackson. He was the last surviving member of the first State Senate. He aided in organizing the first state medical society of Michigan. He settled at Birmingham in 1839, where he resided until his death, March 24, 1881. In politics a Dem- ocrat. GILBERT E. READ, Representative in 1861-2-3-4-5, and Senator in 1877, was born in Lud- low, Vt., May 6, 1832. His father. Rev. Peter Read, was the first Congregational minister in that town, and its first representative in the legislature. He received a limited education, commenced teach- ing at the age of eighteen, and followed it for seven years in winter. In 1842 he came to Richland, Mich., which has since been his home. He is a prosperous farmer, and has also been engaged in the manu- facture and sale of lumber. He was first a Whig, a Republican since 1854. As a legislator he served on many important committees, and was the Speaker of the House in 1865. He has served several years as supervisor, and for three years was chairman of the county board. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, and for many years superintendent of its Sabbath school. ' GEORGE H. READER, Representative from Mason county in 1887, was born at Lyme-Regis, England, Nov. 4, 1853. He came with his parents to the state of New York in 1854, and with a high school education settled in Mason county, Mich., in 1874, taught school, worked in a factory, then in a store, and since 1882 has been a manufacturer of wooden bowls at Scotsville. In politics a Republican. ALEXANDER H. REDFIELD Was born in Manchester, N. Y., Oct. 5, 1805. He wa,s well educated, spending three years in Hamilton college, and his fourth year in Union college. He read law with Gen. James Lawrence, of Onon- MICHIGAN- BIOGRAPHY. 547 daga county, N. Y. He was admitted to the Supreme Court of New- York in 1830, removed to Cass county, Michigan, in 1831, and en- gaged in the practice of law. He and Mr. Sherman were the only lawyers present at the first court held in 1833 by Judges Sibley and Woodbridge, under an oak tree near the public square in Cassopolis. He was interested with Sherman in the site of Cassopolis. He was the first postmaster in 1837. He was Senator in 1848-9 and 1857-8. He was a regent of the University of Michigan from 1844 to 1852. In politics a Democrat. GEORGE REDFIELD Was born at Dufl&eld, Conn., Oct. 6, 1796. He received a common school education and one term in an academy, and at the age of twenty-five had a fine farm under good cultivation at Clifton Springs, N. Y. In 1822 he leased his farm and spent four years teaching in Georgia. In 1826 he returned to his farm, and in 1834 purchased eight hundred acres of land in Cass county, Michigan, removing there in 1835. He owned at various times ten thousand acres of land, cultivating himself eight hundred. In 1841 he was Representa- tive in the legislature; in 1842-3-4, Senator; in 1844, presidential elector; in 1845-6, state treasurer; in 1850, secretary of state, and the same year a member of the constitutional convention. Held no office after 1850. In politics a Democrat. Died in the winter of 1887-8. HEMAN J. REDFIELD, Senator from Monroe county in 1875-7, was born in Leroy, N. Y., Feb. 25, 1823. He graduated at Canandaigua academy in 1836. His education was further continued under his father, who was a teacher and a fine classical scholar. He removed to Cass county in 1850 and came to Monroe in 1858. His occupation was farming, and at the same time he was largely engaged in real estate transactions. He was president of the Monroe board of education seven years, and for four years was mayor of Monroe. A Democrat in politics. CHARLES P. REED, Representative from Muskegon county in 1883, was born in Ingham county, Mich., July 26, 1844, where he resided until 1861. Enlisted August 27, 1861, in the 2d Michigan cavalry; re-enlisted in 1864, and served during the war. Moved from Lyons to Berlin in 1866, and 548 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. from there to Ravenna, Muskegon county, in 1873, where he has since resided, engaged in milling and lumbering. Has held the offices of town clerk and supervisor. In politics a Republican. LUCIEN REED, Representative from Ingham county in 1865, was born in Moriah, N. Y., Nov. 22, 1824. By profession a lawyer; politically, first a Repub- lican, now a Prohibitionist. He was clerk of Ingham county in 1861-2. Now engaged in practice at Mason. MARSHAL REED, Representative from Lenawee county in 1875, was born in Richmond, N. Y., Aug. 21, 1833. He received a common school education, removed to Michigan in 1855, and settled in Rome, Lenawee county. He has held the oflfices of school inspector and justice. His occupa- tion is that of farming. In politics a Republican. RASSELAS REED, Representative from Shiawassee county in 1877-79, was born Oct. 8, 1826, at Dryden, N. Y. He removed to Michigan in 1836, and settled in Vernon, in which township he now resides. He received a common school education. He has been supervisor of Vernon five terms, and has held minor township offices. His occupation is farming. In politics a Republican. CORNELIUS J. REILLY, Circuit judge of the third judicial district (Wayne county), was born in Wisconsin in 1848, received a common school and academical edu- cation, came to Detroit in 1867, was admitted to the bar in 1871, elected judge in 1875, and resigned in 1880, on account of the then insufficient salary. He was the youngest man ever holding the posi- tion. From 1884 to 1887 was in practice in Detroit. He was re- elected circuit judge in 1887. LAWRENCE T. REMER, Representative from St. Clair county in 1873-4-5, was born in Benton, N. Y., May 22, 1810. He received an academical education at Ovid, MICHIGAN- BIOGRAPHY. 649 N. Y. In 1843 he emigrated to Mchigan, and settled in the township of China, afterward changed to East China. He was supervisor of the town many years. His occupation was that of a farmer. In politics a Republican. Deceased. GEORGE B. REMICK, Representative from Wayne county in 1881-2, was born August 4 1846, in Lincoln, Maine. He removed with his father's family to this state in 1853, and has been ever since a resident of Detroit. He grad- uated in the classical department of the State University in 1866, and in the law department in 1868. He has, however, been in the active practice of his profession only since 1876. He is also interested in lumbering operations, having inherited some valuable pine lands from his father, the late Royal C. Remick, who died in the spring of 1878. In politics a Republican. JOHN RENO, Representative from Detroit in 1853, was a native of the then French province of Lorraine, born in 1807, and became a resident of Detroit in 1832. He was by trade a tailor, but became a retail grocer in Detroit many years ago, continuing in the business until his death, December 8, 1880. He filled at various times the local oflSices of city assessor, collector, and member of the board of education. A Demo crat in politics. THEODORE RENTZ, Representative from Wayne county in 1887, was born in Switzerland, in 1837, and came to Detroit in 1850, attended the public school, and was subsequently employed as clerk. He then commenced business for himself and has continued it ever since, with the exception of two years— 1860-62. In 1882 he was elected to the upper house, or board of councilmen, of the city of Detroit, in 1883 president and acting mayor of Detroit, term of ofl&ce expiring in January, 1887. He is now engaged in general merchandise trade. In politics a Democrat. He was a delegate to the national convention at Chicago, when Cleve- land was nominated for the presidency. GEORGE RENWICK Was bom in England, October'31, 1789, and came to America with his father's family in 1802. They settled in Gorham, N. Y. He 60 550 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. attended school in Canandaigua, and taught winters. He learned the trade of a carpenter, which with farming he followed through the early part of his life. He was in service during the war of 1812- 15. In 1817 moved to Greece, N. Y., and in 1828 came to Michigan and located land in Salem, Washtenaw county. He was the first supervisor and justice, which offices he held several years. He was a member of the territorial council in 1834-5, and a Representative in 1839-40-1 and 1847. He was an old line Whig in politics. Died in June, 1863. JOHN RENWICK Was born in Gorham, N. Y., May 2, 1803. He moved with his father's family in 1817, to Greece, Monroe county, N. Y. Attended school at Rochester, N. Y., and taught school winters. In 1824 he married Eliza Pratt, and in 1827 emigrated to Michigan, locating land in Salem, Washtenaw county. Two years later he sold out and located in Northfield, Washtenaw county. In 1833 he was elected the first supervisor, and held that office and that of town clerk for several years. He was captain of the first militia company organized in the town. He was Representative in 1850 and 1853. He was in politics a Whig. Died September 24, 18G6. ASA REYNOLDS Was born in Schenectady county, N. Y., November 25, 1810. He removed with his parents to Avon, N. Y., in 1817, remained on his father's farm until 1834, and taught school in Monroe county, N. Y. In 1836 he removed to Rose, Michigan, and became a farmer. He was supervisor ten years; justice of the peace sixteen years; and in 1855 was a Representative from Oakland county. Of late years he resided at Fenton. In politics a Democrat. EDWIN W. REYNOLDS Was born in Shoreham, Vt., in November, 1820. He was left an orphan at the age of seven, but with self denial fitted himself for college, and graduated from the Western Reserve college at Hudson, Ohio, in 1846. He studied law at Akron, and practiced four years at Medina, Ohio. His health failing he removed to Mason, Cass county, Michigan, residing there until his death, October 15, 1863. He was first a Whig, but became a Republican, and was a Repre- sentative in 1859. He was also for many years supervisor of Mason. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 551 JOHN A. RICE, Representative from Lenawee county, session of 1846, was born in Cambridge, N. Y., Nov. 29, 1806, and died Nov. 6, 1871. He settled on a farm in Tekonsha, Calhoun county, in 1836, where he lived until 1842, then removed to Adrian, where, with the exception of two years, he was connected with the Michigan Southern railroad as ticket agent, or general baggage agent, during life. JUSTIN RICE, Senator from St. Clair county in 1840-1, was born in West Brook- field, Mass., in 1798. A physician by profession. He came to Detroit in 1825, and practiced medicine for nine years, when he engaged in the manufacture of lumber at Port Huron, St. Clair, and Detroit, and was a pioneer in the lumber business. He died at Detroit in 1854. He was Indian agent at Mackinac in 1842-3-4. Was an active mem- ber and elder of the First Presbyterian church at Detroit. Politically first a Whig, then a Republican. HAMPTON RICH, Senator in 1867-9-70, was born in Sharon, Vt., Dec. 1, 1815. He removed with his father, first to St. Lawrence county, N. Y., then to Prescott, Canada. He received a common school and academical edu- cation and at the age of nineteen had entire charge of a store at KemptviUe, Canada. He settled at Ionia, Mich. , in 1837, now his home. He was three years a clerk; in mercantile business from 1846 to 1875; was town clerk in 1838, also justice; county clerk two terms; was director and president of the Ionia & Lansing railroad company, and active in building the line, and secured the railroad shops at Ionia; superintended the erection of the high school building; and was active in securing the location of the house of correction, of which he is a trustee. In politics a RepubUcan. JOHN T. RICH, Representative in the legislature from Lapeer county in 1873-4-5-7-9, Speaker of the House in 1877-9, Senator in 1881, and Representative in congress from March 11, 1881, to March 4, 1883, was born in Con- neautville. Pa., April 23, 1841. He received a common school and academical education, is a.' farmer, and in politics a Republican. When' he was five years of age he removed with his parents to Addi- 552 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. son county, Vt., and from there to Elba, Mich., in 1848. He was strongly supported for governor in 1880, and was a leading candidate. He was defeated as a candidate for a second term to congress. He is now commissioner of railroads by appointment of Gov. Luce. , , • GABRIEL RICHARD Was born at Saintes, France, Oct. 15, 1764, and was a descendant on his mother's side of Bishop Bossuet. He received a thorough classi- cal and theological education, and in 1791 became a priest of the order of Sulpitians, a society devoted to the education of young men for the sanctuary. He came to Baltimore in 1792, and accepted the charge of the Catholics in Illinois, where he remained six years, com- ing to Detroit in 1798 as permanent pastor. Detroit and vicinity then contained about 1,800 Catholics, while many families were scattered along the lakes and rivers, He at once interested himself zealously in the causes of religion and education, and commanded the highest respect of both Catholics and Protestants. He was a profound theo- logian, a good speaker and mathematician, and a composer of music. In 1804 he opened a school for the education of young men, and an academy for ladies in 1805. He brought the first printing press over- land from Baltimore, and in August, 1809, issued the first newspaper west of the Alleghany mountains, the Impartial Observer. The same year he published the first prayer book. Up to 1812 this was the only printing establishment in the northwest. In 1812 he was taken prisoner and confined at Sandwich, where by his eloquence and influ- ence he saved many prisoners from the horrors of Indian torture. In 1823 he was elected delegate to congress, over Gen. John R. Wil- liams and Maj. John Biddle, and received a large support from the Protestant population. Through his exertions grants were obtained for the Fort Gratiot, Pontiac, Grand River, and Chicago roads. He was defeated as a candidate in 1825. During the progress of the cholera in 1832 he stood at his post giving consolation to the sick and dying, until he fell a victim to the disease, September 13, 1832. WILLIAM P. RICHARDS, Representative from Hillsdale county in 1859, was born in the state of Vermont in 1815. He came to Michigan in 1837, and settled in Hillsdale county. By occupation a farmer and lawyer, in politics a Republican. In 1860 he removed to Morenci, and engaged in mer- cantile business. Moved to Toledo, Ohio, in 1867, and died in 1882. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 553 DAVID M. RICHARDSON, Senator from Wayne county in 1873-4, was born Jan. 31, 1826, in Concord, N. Y. He received his education at the Springville semi- nary, N. Y. In 1856 he emigrated to Michigan and settled in Detroit, where he now resides. He was a member of the board of education in Detroit for two years. He has been extensively engaged in the manufacture of matches. GEORGE F. RICHARDSON, , Representative from Ottawa county in 1885, was born in Jamestown, same county, in 1850. With a common school education he opened a general store in Jamestown Centre, which he carried on until 1883; now has a drug store. Has been a justice repeatedly, and four times town clerk. Elected as a Fusionist. JOHN H. RICHARDSON, Senator from Bay and Tuscola counties in 1883, was born at Ran- dolph, Vt., Jan. 24, 1814. He removed to Ipswich, Mass., in 1832, and for seven years was overseer for a Boston firm, in the manufac- ture of cotton goods; then for eight years was at Palmer, Mass., as overseer of the first cambric cotton mill in this country. In 1847 settled at Tuscola, Mich., and engaged in lumbering and farming. In 1861 he enlisted, and was a captain in the 7th Michigan infantry; was promoted to major in March, 1862, and made lieutenant colonel in Feb., 1863. Saw much hard service and resigned from ill health. In 1864, as commissioner, took the soldiers' vote in Alabama. Has been supervisor fifteen years, and justice eighteen years. In politics an Independent. ORIGEN D. RICHARDSON Was born in the state of Vermont in 1795. He studied law and was admitted to practice in Vermont. He came to Pontiac, Mich., in 1826, and entered upon practice. He was prosecuting attorney of Oakland county in 1832; Representative in 1835-6-41; and lieutenant governor in 1842, 1843, 1844 and 1845. He continued in practice in Pontiac until 1854, when he removed to Omaha, Nebraska. He was a member of the first and second sessions of the legislature of that state, and took a prominent part in framing the laws now on the statute books. He was one of the three commissioners to codify the laws of Nebraska. He died Nov. 29, 1876. In politics a Democrat. 554 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. PASCHAL RICHARDSON Was born in Randolph, "Vt., Dec. 29, 1808. He came to Michigan in 1848 In politics was a Democrat and by occupation a tanner. He was also engaged in lumbering. He was a Representative in 1853 and 1859. He was also postmaster, and served in other town offices during his residence in Michigan for thirty-five years. He died in Tuscola, Tuscola county, April 6, 1878. CHARLES H. RICHMOND, Senator from Washtenaw county in 1883, was bom in Aurora, N. Y., March 6, 1821. He received an academical education, and from 1837 to 1839 was book-keeper and teller in a bank at Grand Rapids, Mich., when he returned to Aurora from ill health. He was fifteen years engaged as a farmer and merchant, then chief clerk of the superin- tendent and Indian agent of Michigan in 1848-9. In 1858 removed to Ann Arbor, then engaged in banking in New York city, and in 1861 organized and was the first cashier of the first national bank at Ann Arbor, and afterwards vice president. In politics a Democrat. He was a delegate in the constitutional convention of 1867, and to the democratic national convention at Cincinnati. CHARLES L. RICHMOND, Representative from Saginaw in 1845, was born in Woodstown, N. J., Feb. 6, 1800. He came to Michigan in 1836. Was a merchant at Saginaw City, and in politics first a Whig, then a Republican. Mar- ried Amanda M. Sibley, of Canandaigua, N. Y., in 1828. Died in Saginaw City, Sept. 6, 1857. WILLIAM A. RICHMOND Was born at Aurora, N. Y., Jan. 28, 1808. He was brought up on a farm, educated at Cayuga academy, was for two years a clerk in Geneseo, and in 1828 visited Michigan. He was two years clerk in a New York silk house, and two years in business for himself. In 1836 he settled at Grand Rapids, and with Charles H. Carroll, Lucius Lyon and John Almy purchased the •' Kent plat." In 1836 he was a mem- ber of the first convention of assent; in 1838 was appointed receiver of the Ionia land district; in 1844 and 1845 was Senator; in 1845 be- came superintendent of Indian affairs under President Polk; and in 1851 was the democratic candidate for lieutenant governor. He was MICHIGAIT BIOGRAPHY. 555 twice brigadier general of the state militia, and for several years was director of the Michigan Southern railroad. In politics a Democrat, in religion an Episcopalian. He was a man of clear intellect and sound judgment. Died at Grand Rapids in 1870. IRA RIDER, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1853, was a native of the state of New York, born in 1797. He came to Michigan in 1831, and settled in Salem, vrhere he died Aug. 17, 1868. Was a farmer by occupation, and a Democrat in politics. ALMOND B. RIFORD Was born in Orange county, Vt., Jan 31, 1839. He removed when young to Middlebury, Ind., was in Hillsdale college four years, and graduated from the law school at Ann Arbor in 1865. He located at Benton Harbor, where he was successful in law practice. He was Representative in 1869-70-1-2, and was postmaster at Benton Harbor for nearly eight years, until his death, July 10, 1884. In politics a Republican. HENRY H. RILEY, Senator from St. Joseph county in 1850-1, and 1862, was born at Great Barrington, Mass., Sept. 1, 1813, and died at Constantine, Mich., Feb. 8, 1888. He received a common school education, and commenced to learn the trade of a printer at the age of seventeen. In 1837 he became the editor and publisher of the Seneca Observer at Waterloo, N. Y., where he remained five years, and studied law. He came to Kalamazoo in 1842, and after six months was admitted to the bar, and began prac- tice at Constantine, always his home. He was four years prosecuting attorney. In 1873 he was one of the commissioners appointed to revise the state constitution. In later years he was a trustee of the insane asylum at Traverse City. For many years he was a contributor to the old Knickerbocker Magazine, and the " Puddleford papers" first appeared in that monthly, giving him a national reputation. It was published in book form by Derby & Jackson, and has lately been republished by Lee & Shepard, of Boston. These papers were strik- ing and humorous pictures of pioneer life in Michigan. In politics a Democrat. 55^j MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY. CLAUDE N. RIOPELLE, Representative from Detroit in 1869-70. is a descendant of a well known French family, of Detroit, his grandfather having come to this country with the forces of Lafayette during the revolution. He was born in Detroit in 1845, was educated and graduated at Notre Dame university, at South Bend, Ind., studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1866. He was the first scion of French stock admitted to the bar in Detroit, and was the youngest Representative during his term. He is still in active law practice in Detroit. Politics demo- cratic. HYACINTHE F. RIOPELLE, Representative from Wayne county in 1883, was born in Wayne county, Mich., Aug. 8, 1836, and is a member of a pioneer French family. He received a common school and commercial college edu- cation, and became a teacher. Has been justice since 1863, supervisor since 1867, and held other local offices. A farmer, and a Democrats Resides at Ecorce. THOMAS C. RIPLEY, Representative from Saginaw county in 1873-4, was born in the town of Easton, N. Y., Jan. 2, 1807. He received his education in a com- mon school and commenced the study of law. He completed his studies with the late Judge Hurlburt of the state Supreme Court, and afterwards entered into partnership with him. He was a Representa- tive in congress from the Troy district in 1846-7, to fill a vacancy. In 1854 he removed to Michigan and settled in Saginaw, where he now resides. His occupation is that of a farmer. ORANGE RISDON, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1838, was born at Rupert, Vt., Dec. 28, 1786, and died Nov. 28, 1876. When young removed to Saratoga county, N. Y., studied surveying, surveyed 100,000 acres of land in Genesee and Alleghany counties in 1807, and in 1809 helped lay out the cities of Lockport, Brockport and Bufifalo, N. Y. He settled at Saline, Mich., in 1824. He laid out the state road from Detroit to Pontiac in 1825, was chief surveyor of the military road from Detroit to Chicago, and from that time until 1856, in the employ of the government, surveyed 75 townships in Michifi;an, and resurveyed 45» I MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 557 He was postmaster of Saline ten years and justice twelve years. A the time^f his death he was the oldest living Knight Templar in the United States, having taken that degree in 1815. He officiated at the laying of the corner stone of the old capitol at Detroit in 1823,. and was present at the laying of the corner stone of the new capitol in 1873. In politics a Democrat. OEL KIX Was born at Royalton, Vt., August 1, 1804. He came to Romeo in 1835, and was five years a merchant there; then went to Memphis, and built and used a saw and grist mill. He afterwards returned to Romeo, thence back to Memphis. He was a Representative in 1843-4 and Senator in 1846-7. In politics a Democrat. He built the first house in the village of IMemphis. Died September 8, 1880. RICHARD B. ROBBINS, Senator from Lenawee county in 1879, was born at Kingwood, N. J., April 27, 1831. He was admitted to the bar of Lenawee county in 1859. In 1862 he received a commission as second lieutenant, and raised a company for the fourth Michigan cavalry. He was grad- ually promoted and finally was brevetted lieutenant colonel, U. S. volunteers, March 13, 1865, " for gallant and meritorious services." He was mustered^out July 20, 1865. He served three terms as justice in Adrian, and one term as mayor. He was chairman of the republi- can county committee for four years. He was elected to the House of Representatives for 1875 and 1877. In politics a Republican. Has- served several years as consul in Canada. ELIJAH J. ROBERTS, Representative from Keweenaw county in 1850, and Senator in 1851, was by profession a lawyer, and was in earlier life in professional practice at Detroit. He was master in chancery in 1839; justice in 1835-6; publisher of the Craftsman in 1838; merged it in the Morning Post and Craftsman in 1839 and 1840; school inspector, 1842; and adjutant general of Michigan, 1842 to 1844. He went to the upper peninsula in 1847. Died April 26, 1851. JOHN ROBERTS, Senatpr in 1857-8, was born in Warwick, Bucks county, Pa., March 17, 1812. He came to Jonesville in 1840, and located at Hastings in 61 558 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 1845. By profession a physician and surgeon, in politics, first Whig, then a Republican. He was postmaster of Hastings from 1847 to 1851, and again from 1869 to 1876. He was appointed examining surgeon for Barry county at the close of the war, and held it until his death, December 18, 1886. ALEXANDER ROBERTSON, Representative from Cass county in 1873-4, was born March 3, 1826, in Argyle, N. Y. In 1835 he removed to Spafford, N. Y. He received a high school education. In 1854 he removed to Michigan, and settled in Pokagon, Cass county, where he still resides. He has served in several offices of trust in his town and county. By occupa- tion a farmer. ANDREW S. ROBERTSON, Senator from Macomb county in 1863, was born in Brumley, England, August 12, 1822, and was educated at the University of Glasgow. He came with his parents to this country in 1836, who settled at White Lake, Michigan. The son became a teacher in Oakland and Macomb counties, studied law, was admitted in 1846, and commenced practice at Mt. Clemens. He was a delegate in the constitutional convention of 1850. Died while Senator in 1863, and a fitting eulogy was delivered by Gov. Croswell, then a Senator, December 20, 1864. In politics a Democrat. GEORGE ROBERTSON, Representative from Calhoun county in 1879-81-2, was born in Dry- den, N. Y., March 20, 1826. He came to Albion, Mich., with his parents in 1837, and was educated in public schools and Albion semi- nary. Since 1850, has been a farmer at South Albion. A Democrat until 1872, since a Republican. ELISHA S. ROBINSON, Delegate in the constitutional convention of 1850, was born in Sara- toga county, N. Y., March 2, 1801. He received a limited education and learned the trade of a tanner, which he followed, combined witii harness and shoe making, for years. Settled as a farmer in Water- loo, Mich., ill 1843. He was a supervisor for seventeen years, justice twelve years, and held other offices. In politics a Democrat. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 659 GEORGE J. ROBINSON, Representative from Alpena and other counties in 1883, was born in Detroit, Mich., February 3, 1838, and was educated in the public schools. He has been engaged in mechanical, commercial and spec- ulative pursuits; and was a commissary clerk during Sherman's march to the sea. He was a Republican until 1876, now a Democrat. Residence, Alpena. GEORGE P. ROBINSON, Representative from Branch county in 1875, was born June 7, 1827, at Swanton, Vt. Received a common school education and removed to Noble, Michigan, in 1863. He has held the office of supervisor, and is by occupation a farmer. In politics a Republican. JAMES W. ROBINSON, Representative from Montcalm county in 1887, was born near Port Huron, Mich., Sept. 11, 1854. He attended public schools, and at the age of twenty-one was clerk of Jonesfield, Saginaw county. He has been supervisor, and superintendent of schools, and later became a merchant and shingle manufacturer at Vestaburg, and has been supervisor there four terms. In politics a Fusionist. RIX ROBINSON, Senator from Kent and attached counties in 1846-7-8-9, was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., in 1792, and died in 1875. He became an Indian trader in the Grand river valley in 1821, and was the first white settler in Kent county. He established several trading posts, the central one at Ada, where he died. When lands were opened for settlement he became a farmer. In 1887 a monument was erected to his memory in Ada. He was supervisor; associate judge; delegate in the constitutional convention of 1850; and commissioner of in- ternal improvements in 1846. In politics a Democrat. ROBERT ROBINSON, Representative in 1887 from Muskegon county, was born in Scotland, May 7, 1830. He came to this state in 1849, and was several years an employe in the lumber business in Saginaw county. Then until 1857 was a sawyer and log-sealer at Muskegon. Has been supervisor, justice, and held other local offices. In politics a Republican. 560 MICHIGAN EIOGKAPHY. SOLON E. ROBINSON, Representative from Calhoun county in 1873-4, was born in Claren- don, N. Y., Aug. 17, 1820. He received a common school education. In 1842 he emigrated to Tekonsha, Calhoun county. In 1854 he re- moved to Battle Creek, and in 1867 to Eckford, where he now resides. He has been honored with several official positions in his town and county. His occupation is that of a farmer. WALTER ROBINSON Was born in Macedon, N. Y., Dec. 17, 1818. He worked on the farm until fourteen years of age, then was clerk in a store for four years, and clerk in the Erie canal collector's office for five years. He came to Adrian in 1846, was engaged in livery and staging for eight years, and then was a merchant for four years. Since that time he has been farming. He was deputy provost marshal during the war, and for one year deputy revenue collector. In 1867 he was a Representative. Politically a Republican. ANDREW ROBISON Was born in Phelps, N. Y,, Nov. 18, 1800. He was apprenticed to the tanner's trade at Palmyra, N. Y. In 1823 he was married to Gertrude Hoag. Came to Michigan in 1841 and purchased a farm in Sharon, Washtenaw county. He filled various offices of public trust; was Representative in 1859; for several years justice and supervisor; and was appointed in 1864 one of the receivers of soldiers' votes in the south. He was a man of pronounced views on all leading subjects. In politics he was a Democrat until 1854. He assisted in the forma- tion of the republican party, of which he remained a member to the close of his life. Died Jan. 27, 1879. JOHN J. ROBISON, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1879, was born in Phelps, N. Y., Aug. 13, 1824. He received a common school education, re- moving to Michigan in 1843, settling in Sharon. Occupation, a far- mer. He served as State Senator in 1863-4; was county clerk in 1868, and again in 1870; delegate to the democratic national conten- tion in 1872; supervisor several terms. He has twice been nominated for congress in the second district. Politics, democratic. Now county clerk of Washtenaw county. MlCHIGAN^ BIOGRAPHY. 561 CHANDLER H. ROCKWOOD Was born in York, N. Y., May 17, 1825, He received an academical education, worked on a farm, and for two years at making fanning mills. He settled in Flint in 1848, and engaged in the manufacture of fanning mills. He purchased a farm, and since 1856 has lived in the town of Genesee. He was supervisor thirteen years; a Repre- sentative from Genesee county in 1867; was assistant assessor of internal revenue for Genesee, Shiawassee and Clinton counties from 1871 to 1873; deputy collector for eighteen months; and county treasurer from 1880 to 1885. In politics a Republican. JEREMIAH M. ROGERS, Representative from Barry county in 1887, was born in Hector, N. Y., March 17, 1832. He came to Michigan with his parents in 1836, settling at Cariton, Barry county, where he has since resided, with the exception of three years in Nebraska. He has been engaged in farming and stock buying principally, and three years ago began, in addition, buying grain and farm products and selling agricultural implements at Hastings. In politics a Republican. JAMES W. ROMEYN, Representative in 1869-70, and Senator in 1871-2 and 1883, was born in Detroit in 1839. He graduated at Columbia college, N. Y., in 185S, studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1860. He was senior aid of the staff of the general commanding the 1st division, 9th army corps, with a commission in the 4th Michigan infantry. He also held in this state the rank of major and colonel. In politics a Democrat. Now consul in Chili. HORACE D. ROOD, Representative from Lapeer county in 1871-2, was born in Barre, Vt., Dec. 13, 1819. He settled as a farmer in Lapeer county, Michigan, in 1836. He was treasurer of the township of Lapeer as far back as 1843, has been supervisor of Lapeer and of May field, road commissioner, and a superintendent of the county poor for twenty years. In politics, a Democrat. , ALBERT K. ROOF, Senator from Clinton and Ionia counties in 1887, was born at Lyons, Michigan, April 6, 1841. By profession, an attorney at law. He is a 562 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. graduate of the law department of the State University, at Ann Arbor. He has held the office of township treasurer, justice, register of deeds, was chairman of the board of supervisors in 1878 and 1886^ and Representative in the legislature in 1871-2. He was elected on the fusion ticket by a vote of 6,763 to 6,688 for Alfred H. Smith, re- publican, and 935 for James S. Osgood, prohibitionist. • ADAM L. ROOF, Representative from Ionia county in 1845-9-50, and Senator in 1852» was born at Canajohatie, N. Y., Feb. 22, 1810. He graduated at Hamilton college, in 1832, was admitted to the bar in 1836, and settled in practice at Lyons, Mich., in 1836. He held the offices of register of deeds,^ prosecuting attorney, and judge of probate. In 1859 he retired from practice and devoted himself to farming. He was the first lawyer in Ionia county. In politics a Democrat. Education, temperance, morality and religion received his support, and he was a strong man • in the early days of the Grand River Valley. Died Jan. 26, 1885. JOHN ROOST Was born Oct. 9, 1823, in Harderwyk, Netherlands. He emigrated to this country in 1847, locating in Ottawa county, then a part of Kent. He followed his trade as a wagon-maker. He removed to Holland in 1854, and was supervisor in 1858-59-60. The " Holland colony" in 1859 appointed Mr. Roost financial agent to negotiate a loan of $30,000 to open a harbor, connecting Black river and Lake Michigan, which he accomplished in the east, Gerrit Smith being the first one to invest in the bonds. Soon after he secured 11,000 acres of swamp land from the state for the same purpose. In 1860 he estab- lished "De Grondwet" a Holland republican paper, which had great influence in politics. In 1861 he became postmaster, and in 1862 U. 8. enrolling officer and assistant assessor. In 1871-2 he was a Repre- sentative, and in 1883 a Senator. A Republican until 1876, then a Democrat. Died May 31, 1885. AMOS ROOT Was bom at Fort Ann, N. Y., April 8, 1816. With a common school education, at the age of sixteen, he became a clerk at Mohawk, N. Y., where he remained six years. He came to Michigan in 1838, and commenced business at Michigan Center. In 1841 removed to Jack- son, which has since been his home. For sixteen years was a mer- MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 5t5(^ ohant, when he sold out and operated in lands and city property. He also did much hard work to make Jackson a prominent railroad center. He was efficient in building the branch of the Michigan Southern from Jackson to Adrian. He was also, one of the main sup- porters of the Grand River Valley road, from Jackson to Grand Rapids, and was president of the company for many years, He was Repre- sentative in 1853; for many years a trustee of the village, alderman of the city of Jackson; mayor in 1860, postmaster from 1861 to 1865, member and president of the board of public works, and nine years inspector of the state prison. First a Whig, from 1848 to 1854 a Free 8oiler, since a Republican. ROLAND ROOT, Representative from Branch county in 1850-51, was born in Onondaga county, N.Y., Dec. 25, 1813. He received a district school education, taught school, and at the age of eighteen became clerk in a store at Norwalk, Ohio. His employer, Judge Baker, sent him to examine property he had purchased in Branch county. He reported favorably,, and was entrusted with 1 1,600 worth of goods and opened a store in 1835 at Cold water. He was for a long time the leading merchant of Branch county. He also built and operated a large flouring mill. In 1861 he enlisted in the celebrated Loomis battery, and became first lieutenant in October, 1861, but was obliged to resign from ill health in 1863. Married Harriet Chapin in 1837, and his wife and eight chil-^ dren survive him. Died Aug. 11, 1885. ROSWELL ROOT, Representative from Wayne county in 1841, was born in New Hamp- shire in 1780, and settled in the township of Plymouth in 1825, locat- ing land upon which he lived until his death in 1873. He was justice from 1826 to 1842, and postmaster of Borodino postoffice 1826 to 1860, when the office was discontinued. Was also supervisor for several terms. He was Whig and Republican in politics. WILLIAM W. ROOT, Representative from Ingham county in 1881-2, was born in Cato, N. Y. , June 28, 1837. He received a common school and academical education. He studied medicine, graduated as a physician from the Michigan University in 1862, became assistant surgeon of the 75th N.- 564 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. Y. volunteers, afterwards surgeon, served until the close of the war, and was executive officer of the 19th army corps hospital during Sheridan's campaign in the Shenandoah valley. Afterwards attended and received a degree at Bellevue hospital college. Settled in prac- tice at Mason, Mich., in 1866, and has held several terms as super- visor, served many years on the boar^ of education, and been four years president of the county agricultural society. In politics a Eepublican, now a Prohibitionist. ASA D. RORK, Representative from Barry county in 1877, was born Feb. 29, 1832, at Sheridan, N. Y. His parents removing to Wisconsin in 1841, he resided in that state until 1843, in which year they came to Rutland, Mich., where he has since continued to reside. He received a com- mon school education, taught school several terms, and entered the state normal school in 1854, but on account of the death of his father left school to take charge of his business. He has held various county and township offices, including that of supervisor for five terms, county surveyor four years, and county treasurer four years. His occupation is farming, in politics a Republican. I DAVID G. ROSE, rSenator from Washtenaw county in 1881-2, was born in Sharon, Conn., Jan. 24, 1826. His parents removed to Sharon in 1833, where he still resides. He received a common school education. Has held several township offices— school inspector, justice of the peace, and supervisor. He is a Democrat. ELIAS O. ROSE, l?«pre8entative from Mecosta and other counties in 1873-4, was born at Independence, O., Oct. 13, 1838, and was educated at Hillsdale college. He studied law and was admitted in 1859. Lived at Steuben, Ind., two years, then enlisted in the 44th Indiana, became a lieuten- ant, in 1862 was wounded and resigned. He removed to Big Rapids in 1863; was prosecuting attorney four years, and was a supervisor and chairman of the board four years. He started the Big Rapids Independent in 1870, afterwards the Magnet. In politics a Repub- iican. MICHlGAi^ BIOGRAPHY. 565 JOHN ROBERTSON, Adjutant General of Michigan from March 14, 1861, until his death at Detroit, March 19, 1887, was born at Banffshire, Scotland, Jan. 2, 1814; was well educated; became a clerk in the Edinburgh postoflfice; came to this country in 1833; enlisted in the army and served until 1840; went into business at Detroit; and was appointed a lieuten- ant of state troops in 1855. To his zeal and energy is due the history of the "Flags of Michigan," the "Roll of Honor," deposited in the state library, "Michigan in the War," and other works. To his effi oiency and zeal the state of Michigan is greatly indebted , especially from 1861 to 1865. WILLIAM H. ROSE, Representative from Clinton county in 1881-2-3, was born in Clinton county, Mich, July 24, 1844. He received a business education, and when eighteen years of age, entered the union army. He com- menced active business as an agriculturist, in connection with lum- bering and real estate transactions, in which business he has been successful. He has held various official positions of his township. He is still owning and residing on the farm where he was born, which was located by his father in 1836. In politics a Republican. GILES ROSS, Representative from Livingston county in 1871-2-7, was born in Dover, N. Y., March 23, 1816. His education was acquired in dis- trict schools. In 1826 he removed to Cayuga county, N. Y., where in 1846 he was a justice. He was appointed collector of canal tolls at Montezuma, N. Y., for two terms. In 1862 he removed to Hartland, Mich. In 1863 he was elected supervisor. He is a farmer by occu- pation. In politics a Democrat. JOHN D. ROSS, Representative from Berrien county in 1854, came from Indiana in 1834, and settled on the present site of Buchanan, Mich., where he resided until his death in 1888. He was for many years a merchant, and in 1864 became a banker. He was president of the village of Buchanan in 1859, 1861-2-3, and 1879, also a member of the common council, and was a prominent citizen. In politics a Democrat. He was the first postmaster from 1848 to 1852. 62 566 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. FRANK G. KOUNSVILLE, Representative from Livingston county in 1887, was born in Unadilla, Livingston county, Feb. 18, 1848, has been a resident of Michigan all his life, except during the years from 1854 to 1862. By occupation he is a farmer and grain dealer. Mr. Rounsville has filled the offices of clerk three years, trustee two years of the village of Fowlerville, president four years, and supervisor of township two years. In politics a Republican. SAMUEL H. ROW Was born in Sharon, Mich., March 10, 1840. The first twenty years of his life were spent on his father's farm. At the age of twenty-one he was elected school inspector. In August, 1862, he left the Ypsi- lanti union seminary, and enlisted in company " B," twentieth Michigan infantry, and rose from the ranks to first lieutenant. Hav- ing resigned his commission in 1863, he removed to Lansing in 1864, and accepted a clerkship in the state department. In April, 1867, he was appointed deputy secretary of state, which position he held until April. 1871, when he resigned to accept the position of commissioner of insurance. To that position he was re-appointed by Governors Bagley, Croswell and Jerome. Since his residence in Lansing he has served as president of the young men's society, for three years as a member of the city board of education, and as alderman. Is now in the insurance business. SQUIRE W. ROWE, Representative from Oakland county in 1865, was born at Camillus^ N. Y., June 1, 1815. He settled as a farmer in Highland, Mich., in 1835, locating twenty-five miles from a grist mill or p6stofflce. He was many years supervisor, and raised a company for the 13th Michi- gan, but ill health prevented active service. Died Nov. 19, 1866. DAVID H. ROWLAND, Born in Fairfield county, Conn., May 10, 1798, came to Michigan in the fall of 1833; was by occupation a merchant, and in politics a Democrat. He was for a time a teacher, also a local Methodist Epis- copal minister, and a man of strict integrity. He was Representa- tive in 1843-4. Died June 11, 1860. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 567 THOMAS ROWLAND, Secretary of State, 1840 to 1842, was a native of Ohio, and served as a major of infantry under General Hull in 1813-14. He was secre- tary of the territory; United States marshal for the Detroit district; postmaster of Detroit under President Harrison, 1843 to 1845; and sec- retary of state under Governor Woodbridge. He was a man of cul- ture and highly esteemed. A paper of his on "Hull's Campaign," read before the Detroit lyceum in 1819, has been quoted with com- mendation. He was secretary of the corporation of Detroit from 1815 to 1820, and his private seal was made the seal of the corporation; was clerk of the county court from 1815 to 1820; United States pen- sion agent, 1824 to 1831; probate judge of Wayne county, 1833-4: editor of the Detroit Journal from 1832 to 1834; vice president of the Michigan historical society, and held many other positions. He was a leading citizen of the territory and state for more than half a cen- tury. Died at Detroit in 1848. HARVEY B. ROWLSON, Representative from Hillsdale county in 1869, was born at Duanes- burg, N. Y., July 15, 1825. He received a common school education, and in 1843 spent several months in the printing office of the Adrian News, which in 1844 was removed to Hillsdale, and became the Hills- dale Gazette. In 1846, with S. D, Clark, started the Hillsdale Vf'hig- Standard, and in 1851 became sole proprietor, and has been editor and proprietor ever since, the paper now being the Hillsdale Standard. He has been eight years county treasurer, was collector of internal revenue for first district in 1869 to 1873, and of third district 1873 to 1883, and in 1885 was appointed member of the board of control of the state reform school for six years. Politically a Whig until 1864, since a Republican. JOHN V. RUEHLE Was born at Langensteinbach, Baden, Germany, Sept 4, 1812. He attended school until 14, then learned the trade of a baker. He emi- grated with his parents to Detroit in 1832. He was captain of the Scott guards of Detroit from 1841 to 1846; Representative in 1844; alderman of the 6th ward, Detroit, in 1840 and 1841; water commis- sioner 1859 to 1861; greenback nominee for congress in 1376; boulevard commissioner of Hamtramck in 1880. In 1847 Michigan furnished a regiment of volunteers for the war with Mexico, which went out under Colonel Stockton. A. S. Williams was lieut. col.; J. V. Ruehle, 568 MICHIGAN- BIOGRAPHY. major; and J. E. Pittman, adjutant. The regiment was mustered out in 1858, having seen little service before the close of the war. In 1861 he became lieut. colonel of the 16th Michigan infantry, but after eight months' service resigned and was honorably discharged. In politics a Democrat. JOHN^ G. RUiMMELL, Representative from Saginaw county in 1883, was born in Bavaria, Germany, April 13, 1843, and came to this country with his parents in 1851. when they settled in Frankenmuth, Mich. He received a common school education, and has since resided there, except two years in Illinois, working at his trade as carpenter. He has been engaged in farming for many years. He has held the office of justice Seven years, and the office of school inspector three terms, and has been secretary of the German relief society for ten years. In politics a Democrat. MARSHALL E. RUMSEY, Representative from the second district of Ingham county, was born in Bethany, N. Y., Jan 17, 1840. He received his education at the academy in Bethany Center, and at the high school in Geneseo, Liv- ingston county, N. Y. ; worked at farming during the summers and taught school winters, from 1857 to 1863. In 1862 he removed to Illinois, doing business in Chicago most of the time until 1867, when he came to Leslie, Michigan, where he has engaged in farming, lum- bering, real estate business, and banking; was for several yean? a member of the village council and twelve years member of the school board ; was elected president of the first national bank of Leslie in August. 1883, which position he now holds. He was elected Repre- sentative from the second district of Ingham county, on the republi- can ticket, for 1885-6, and re-elected in 1886 to the same position for 1887-8. He received 2,111 votes to James H. Shafer 2,009. and 386 for R. H. Davis, prohibitionist. During both sessions he was chairman of the committee of ways and means. HIRAM D. RUNYAN Was born in New Jersey, October 10, 1827. He came with his father to Michigan in 1834, who settled on a farm near Utica, but soon sold out, and removmg to Utica, engaged in brick making. On the death of his wife his children were placed among strangers, and the subject MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 569 of this sketch went to live with a farmer in Disco, with whom he remained until he was twenty-three. He has followed farming as an occupation. He was Representative in 1871-2, and has held several positions of trust. PHILIP E. RUNYAN, Representative from St. Joseph county in 1844, was born in the state of New Jersey, July 14, 1799. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Democrat. He removed from the state of New York to White Pigeon, in 1835. Was supervisor and town clerk of White Pigeo©. Died June 24, 1845. FREDERICK J. RUSSELL Was born at Orion, Mich., October 7, 1841, and removed to Oceana county with his parents in 1857. Was educated at common schools, with two terms at the Normal school. He was admitted to the bar in 1S66, and commenced practice. He has served both as United States and circuit court commissioner, was nine years judge of probate, and has been judge of the 14th circuit since 1881. Is also interested in stock raising, agriculture and banking. HENRY C. RUSSELL, Senator from Kent county in 1881-2, was born in Plainfield, Mich., in 1842. He received a common school education, resided in Grand Rapids several years, brcame a merchant in 1864 at Cedar Springs, and afterwards a druggist. Has also been extensively engaged in lumbering in Lake county, and in banking and farming. Has been a supervisor, town treasurer and president of the village. JAMES I. RUSSELL, Representative from Monroe county in 1848, was a farmer and a Democrat. He held many offices of trust in the town of Summerfield, Monroe county. JOalAH RUSSELL, Senator from Montcalm and other counties in 1853, was born in Neary, Maine, April 25,. 18C4. He settled in Oakland county, Mich., in 1835, removed to Ionia county in 1842, and in 1845 to Greenville, 4 570 . MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. where he was elected county judge, and opened the first court of record in Montcalm county. He became a resident of Oceana county in 1859, and was probate judge, county surveyor, and several times supervisor. Died at Hart, Mich., April 25, 1874. DAVID SACKETT, Representative from Wayne county in 1850, was a farmer by occupa- tion and a Democrat in politics, born in Steuben county, N. Y., in 1817. He came to Michigan in 1831, settling in Bedford, where he died July 2, 1880. He was supervisor 1852-56, county auditor 1857-60, and county drain commissioner in 1866. Also held the office of justice and other local positions. GEORGE W. SACKRIDER, Representative from Saginaw county in 1877, was born near Grass Lake, Mich., September 8, 1842, and received a liberal education at the district and union school of that township. In 1867 he removed to Mason, and engaged in the furniture and lumber trade, and held the offices of township clerk and under-sheriff. He removed to Oakley, Saginaw county, September, 1871, and engaged in lumbering, farm- ing and general merchandising. He has held the office of supervisor of Brady. In politics a Democrat. NATHAN SALTER Was born in Hopewell, N. J., March 15. 1804. In 1832 he removed to Romulus, N. Y., and was there engaged in various pursuits, among them farming and carriage making. He also held various public offices. He married in 1837, and in 1839 removed to Northfield, Mich. , where he engaged in farming. He was supervisor in 1846 and 1847, and a Representative in 1849. In politics a Whig. CUMMINGS SANBORN, Representative from St. Clair county in 1842, was born at North Haverhill, N. H., January 15, 1799. In politics a Democrat, in busi- ness a lumberman. He came to Michigan as early as 1835, and was a prominent business man. Was postmaster of Port Huron in 1846. Died September 17, 1852. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 571 JAMES W. SANBORN Was born at Falmouth, Maine, in April, 1813. He was the son of a physician, one of eleven children. He was in early life a sailor and often crossed the Atlantic. He left the sea at the age of twenty-one, and came to Port Huron in 1835, in company with Abner Coburn, since governor of Maine; Charles Merrill, late of Detroit; and Joseph L. Kelsey. Together they located 25,000 acres of land in St. Clair and Sanilac counties, and Mr. Sanborn, at the age o^twenty-two,was left in charge of the purchase. In 1836 he established himself at Metamora, Lapeer county. In 1840 and 1846 he was Representative in the legislature from Lapeer county, and in 1855 from St. Clair county. In 1847 he engaged in the dry goods and lumber business at Port Huron, with Alvah Sweetzer, the partnership being dissolved by the death of the latter in 1864. He had large lumber interests on the Muskegon and its tributaries, the Au Sable, Thunder Bay river. Pine river, on the Cheboygan, and in the upper peninsula. Ho also owned real estate and personal property in Port Huron and Fort Gra tiot. In 1 858 he was elected commissioner of the state land office and held the office for two terms. He was first a Whig, and was one of the founders of the republican party at Jackson, in 1854. He died at Port Huron several years since. WILLIAM SANBORN, Senator from St. Clair county in 1867, was born in Belgrade, Maine, November 2, 1834, and died at San Diego, California, June 23, 1876. By occupation a lumberman, in politics a Republican. He was deputy commissioner of the state land office from 1859 to 1861. He was commissioned major of the 22d Michigan infantry, August 8, 1862; lieutenant colonel, January 5, 1863; wounded in action at Chick- amauga, Tenn., September 20, 1863. Discharged for disability June 7, 1864. Brevet colonel U. S. volunteers, March 13, 1865, "for con- spicuous gallantry at the battle of Chickamauga, Tenn." Brevet brigadier general U. S. volunteers, March 13, 1865, *'for conspicuous gallantry and meritorious services during the war." His residence was at Port Huron for many years. RUDOLPHUS SANDERSON Was born in Milton, Chittenden county, Vt., May 30, 1818. He was brought up on a farm and received a common school education. He was first a clerk then a merchant in Milton, Vt., and served two 57*-i MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. terms in 1849 and 1850 in the Vermont legislature. On coming to Michigan he purchased a farm in Newton, Calhoun county, where he resided twenty-one years, afterwards moving to Battle Creek. He was supervisor of Newton for nine years, also alderman of Battle Creek. He was a Representative in 1^65, also in 1873-4. At first a Whig, since 1854 a Republican. GEORGE P. S VNFORD, Representative from Ingham county in 1869-70, was born at Byron ^ N. Y., July 6, 1835, and came with his parents to Saline, Mich., in 1837. He worked at farming, learned the trade of a carpenter, and taught school. Graduated at the Normal in 1856, and from the Uni- versity in 1861. The same year entered the service as captain in the 1st Mich, infantry, resigning from ill health in 1863. In 1864 became paymaster, with rank of major. Resigned in 1866 and was brevetted lieutenant colonel. Since resided at Lansing. Was a Republican until 1872, since a Democrat. Owned and edited the Lansing Journal from 1872 to 1883; four years member of board of education and one year president; democratic candidate for regent in 1879, and for auditor general in 1884; postmaster, member democratic state com- mittee, president state press association, and of the alumni of the State University. HARRY SAUNDERS, Representative from Wayne county in 1839-44, was born at White- hall, N. Y., in 1802, He removed to Michigan with his family in 1833, locating in Monguagon, where he continued to reside until his death in 1873. He filled the office of supervisor for several terms, and was county auditor, 1849-53. He was a prominent officer of militia in New York before coming to Michigan, and in Michigan began with a captaincy, and was advanced by promotions to the rank of brigadier general. A farmer by occupation, a Democrat in poli- tics. ANDREW J. SAWYER, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1877-79, was born in Caro- line, N. Y.,Nov. 18,1834. He received an academical education, and engaged in teaching from the age of eighteen to twenty-five. He removed to Michigan in 1857; was admitted to the bar in 1860, and has devoted himself exclusively to the practice of his profession. He MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 573 has held various township oflices. In politics a Republican. Now in practice at Ann Arbor. FRANKLIN SAWYER, Jr., A graduate of Harvard University, came to Michigan about 1830, and studied law with Gen. Charles Larned. He was for a short time a law partner of Hon. Jacob M. Howard. He practiced but a few years. He was an editor of the Detroit Courier, and afterwards an editor and one of the proprietors of the Detroit Daily Advertiser. He was one of the founders of the Detroit young men's society, and its first president. He had literary taste and was a brilliant, forcible writer, and withal a man of public spirit. He was appointed by Gov. Gordon superintendent of public instruction, and held the office from. April 8, 1841, to May 8, 1843. He gave his whole energy to the work, with important results to education. Suon after leaving office he went to New Orleans and was there several years superintendent of public instruction. He finally went back to his old home in Massa- chusetts, and died many years since. JACOB C. SAWYER, Representative from Lenawee county in 1877, was born Dec. 26, 1822, in Manchester, N. Y. ; removed to Ashtabula county, Ohio; was admitted to practice law in that state in 1848; removed to Lenawee county, this state, in 1853, and engaged in farming in the township of Medina; is a graduate of the law department of the University of Michigan of the class of 1861; was a member of the constitutional convention of 1867. PETER SCHA-RS Was bom in Germany, October 24, 1812. Occupation a farmer. He came to Michigan in 1853 and resides at New Baltimore, Macomb county. In politics a Republican. He was a Representative in 1865-7. CASPER F. SCHATTLER, Representative from Macomb county in 1875, was born in Germany in 1838, and received an academical education. He removed to Mich- igan in 1848, and settled in Wayne county. He has held the office of justice, and other positions of trust. He is a farmer. In politics a Democrat. 63 574 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. BARTHOL. W. SCHERMERHORN Was born in Schenectady, N. Y., Dec. 7, 1823. He came to Michigan in 1851, lived at Niles one year, removed to Cass county, and now resides at Dowagiac. He followed at first the occupation of a farmer, and held many official positions. He was alderman of his native town, twelve years supervisor, justice sixteen years, two years presi- dent of Dowagiac, sheriff of Cass county, and Representative in 1857. In politics a Democrat. HENRY R. SCHOOLCRAFT Was born in Albany, N. Y., March 28, 1793, and was educated at Middlebury college. In 1817 he visited the west and published "A view of the lead mines of Missouri." In 1820 was geologist of the exploring expedition, under Gen. Cass, to Lake Superior and the head of the Mississippi, and published a report in 1821, and the next year made a second tour and published his travels in the Mississippi valley. In 1822 was appointed Indian agent for the northwest; from 1828 to 1832 was a member of the Michigan territorial council; in 1822 founded the Michigan historical society at Detroit; and in 1831 the Algic society. In 1832 discovered the source of the Mississippi; in 1834 ma(Je an Indian treaty thatsecured 16,000,000 acres. In 1841 removed to New York city and published valuable works for the state of New York, and for the general government, his various works numbering thirty-one. He was also a fine poet. He died at Washington, Dec. 10, 1864. JOHN E. SCHWARZ Was born in Vienna, Austria, in 1799. He received a finished scien- tific education, part of which Vas military. His first years in America were spent in Philadelphia. He came to Michigan in 1828, having business connections with John Jacob Astor in the northwestern fur trade, which took him to the distributing points for that trade, and familiarized him with the language and customs of the Indians. He held the office of adjutant general of the territorial militia in 1831, and the same oflice under the state government 1836-9, and 1844 to 1855. Gen. Schwarz's chief civil positions were as a member of the * 'second convention of assent" in 1836, Representative in 1844, and Senator in 1847-8. In 1852 he purchased a considerable tract of land and platted what is now the village of Schwarzburg, in Wayne county, where he built a family residence, which continued the home of the family until the death of Mrs. Schwarz, in 1879. During his later MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 575 years, Gen. Schwarz lived the life of a retired farmer until his death in February, 1858. He was buried at Detroit with marked civic and military honors. In politics, democratic. JOHN SCOTT, Representative from Detroit, session 1843, was born in Peterboro, N. H., in 1798, and came to Detroit in 1829. He was a mason and builder, and built the old city hall and market in Detroit in 1834. He subsequently became a wholesale grocer. He held at various times the local offices of city assessor, city marshal, and alderman. Was a Democrat in politics. Died in 1846. SAMUEL M. SCOTT, Representative from Clinton county in 1846-8-50, was born at Stod- dard, N. H., June 29, 1814. He was a resident of Keene, N.Y., from 1815 to 1838, then coming to Michigan. He settled in the town of Essex, Clinton county, in 1841, and died in 1850. He held the offices of sheriff, county clerk, and register of deeds. He was also in early life a teacher, both in New York and this state. WINFIELD SCOTT. Representative from Wayne county in 1873-4, was born September 22, 1819, in the town of Ovid, N. Y. He was educated at the Ovid academy. In 1842 he emigrated to Michigan and settled in Fairfield, Lenawee county. In 1845 he removed to the village of Plymouth, where he now resides. He was supervisor, and held other responsible offices. By occupation a farmer. GEORGE SEDGWICK Was born in Great Barrington, Mass., and came to Ann Arbor, as a lawyer, about 1835. He was judge of probate of Washtenaw county from 1840 to 1844, and was a Representative in 1850. He was a brainy lawyer, active and industrious, and as a man stood high in the estimation of his fellow citizens. He was the head of the law firm of Sedgwick, Gott & Walker. He went to Chicago early in the sixties and became a leading lawyer there. He was a Whig in poli- tics. He died in Chicago. 576 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. ELIJAH B. SEELEY, Born in 1795, came from Warren, N. Y., in 1835, and settled on a farm in Pittsford, Hillsdale county. He was frequently called upon to fill town offices. He was the first supervisor in 1836, 1837 and 1838, and also held it in 1840 and 1849. He was a Representative in 1839. He was a founder of the " First Presbyterian church of Bean Creek," afterwards the ** Congregational church of Hudson," and an elder or deacon for forty years. He died April 10, 1876. L. Mcknight sellers, Representative from Kent county in 18S3-5, was born in Franklin county, Pa., July 2, 1849. He received an academical education, learned the trade of a printer, and settled at Cedar Springs in 1869, and founded and now owns the Cedar Springs Clipper. He was ^eaker pro tern, in 1885. In politics a Republican. ALONZO SESSIONS Was born in Marcellus, Onondaga county, N. Y., Aug. 4, 1810. He received a fair education, and became at first a teacher, then a clerk for two years in Bennington, Genesee county. In 1833 he came to Michigan, locating land in Ionia county. He clerked at a store in Ohio one year, and afterwards taught school at Dayton, Ohio, until 1835. He settled on a farm in Berlin (then Cass), Ionia county, which always remained his home. He built the second log cabin in the town, and the first bridges across the streams between Saranac and Ionia. In 1837 he married Celia, daughter of Samuel Dexter, the pioneer of Ionia county. He was the first supervisor in 1883 of Cass (Berlin), and the chairman of the board of supervisors. He was supervisor eighteen times, and of ten chairman of the board. He was also justice several years, and sheriff of Ionia county in 1841 and 1842. He was Representative in the legislature from 1857 to 1863; then assessor of internal revenue for the fourth district for four years. In 1872 he was a presidential elector; and in 1876 was elected lieuten- ant governor, and was re-elected in 1878. He helped organize a national bank in Ionia, and was a director and president from 1866. His farm comprised eight hundred acres, and was well cared for and valuable. He had a family of thirteen children. In politics a Republican. He died July 3, 1886. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 577 WILLIAM SESSIONS, Eepresentative from Ionia county in 1873-4, was born in Marcellus, N. Y., May 2, 1821. He received a common school education. In 1837 he removed to Michigan and settled in North Plains, Ionia county. In 1871 he removed to Ionia, where he now resides. He has held several po'sitions of trust in his township. By occupation a farmer . JULIAN M. SEWARD Was born in Alexander, N. Y., in 1829. His father settled in Ber- trand, Michigan, in 1836. The son in early life worked at the clearing of land, farming, and cooperage, and had small opportunities for an education. He remained at home until 1854, afterwards married, and was postmaster of Bertrand for several years. He was sheriff of Berrien county from 1865 to 1869; Representative in 1869-70; twice assistant sergeant-at-arms of the Senate; and when sheriff was deputy U. S. marshal for western Michigan. In 1886 was engaged in the grocery trade at Jackson. Republican in politics. JARED A. SEXTON, A member of the House of Representatives in 1867 from Wayne county, was born in Dearborn, Mich., Sept. 29,1838. His primary school education was supplemented by a term at the Normal school at Ypsilanti. His business has been that of farmer, merchant, and banker. He has held many local offices, and was sheriff of Wayne county in 1875-6. His present residence is Dearborn. Politics, dem- ocratic. ELISHA G. SEYMOUR, Representative from Chippewa county in 1847, was born in Camillus, N. Y., May 25, 1817. By profession a lawyer. He settled at Detroit in 1840, where he was socially very popular. Later went to Sault Ste. Marie. Died June 18, 1850. HENRY SEYMOUR Was born at Camillus, N, Y., Dec. 16, 1821. He came to Grand Rapids in 1842, where he resided until his death, June 7, 1877. He was engaged in wool buying. In politics a Republican. He was a ■ 578 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. prominent officer in the Congregational church and Sabbath school at Grand Rapids. He was a Representative in 1865, and Senator in 1867. HENRY W. SEYMOUR, Senator in 1885-7 from Chippewa and other counties of the northern peninsula, was born in 1834 in Brockport, N. Y. He graduated at Williams college in 1855, studied law, attending the Albany law school, and was admitted to the bar in 1856. He settled at Sault Ste. Marie in 1873, where he built a saw mill and cleared a farm. He is a prominent officer of the national bank, and president of the St. Mary's falls water power company. In February, 1888, he was nomi- nated and elected to congress to fill vacancy caused by the death of Hon. Seth C. Motfatt. In politics a Republican. JAMES SEYMOUR, Representative from Genesee county in 1853, and Senator in 1857-8, was born in Litchfield, Conn., April 20, 1791. From 1829 to 1846 he was a resident of Rochester, N. Y., and was a merchant and banker. In 1836 he bought part of the land where North Lansing now stands, and also the site of Flushing, Genesee county. Removed to Flushing in 1846, where he resided until his death, December 30» 1864. He was active in securing the location of the capital at Lan- sing, and in promoting its growth and improvement. The Seymour house at North Lansing, the first hotel in the city, was built by him. He was a polished gentleman of culture and refined manners. Politi- cally a Republican. EDWARD SHANAHAN Was born in Sussex county, Delaware, in 1806, and lived in that state until 1832, when he came to Michigan, settling at Beardsley prairie, Cass county, where he lived until 1855, when he removed to Jeffer- son, same county. By occupation a farmer on a large scale. He was a Representative from Cass county in 1861-2. HULBERT B. SHANK, Representative from Ingham county in 1861-2, was born in Spring- port, N. Y., May 31, 1820. He became a teacher at the age of eight- een. He graduated ad a physician from Geneva medical college in 1846, MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 679 practiced two years in New York, then settled at Lansing, Mich., where he still resides. As a physician and surgeon he enjoyed a large and successful practice. A Whig until 1854, since a Republi- can. He was a delegate to the republican national convention of 1856. He was surgeon of the 8th Michigan infantry until compelled to retire from ill health, and then became examining surgeon for the 3d district until the close of the war. He was several years a mem- ber of the board of control of the state reform school; many years a member, and president of the Lansing board of education; president of the state medical society; and delegate to the national medical society. JOHN C. SHARP, Senator from the counties of Hillsdale and Jackson in 1887, was born in Scott, N. Y., July 18, 1843, where he resided until May, 1863. He received his education at Cortland academy. Homer, New York, and at the normal school at Albany. In 1863 he removed with his parents to Brooklyn, Jackson county, Mich., where he remained upon his father's farm for four years, spending the winters in teach- ing school. In the spring of 1867 he commenced the study of law in the city of Jackson, was admitted to the bar in 1869, and practiced his profession in that city until 1884, since which time he has beenexten. sively engaged in farming and stock-raising. He was city attorney of Jackson in 1877, supervisor of census for the southern district of Michigan in 1880, and prosecuting attorney for Jackson county for 1881-2. He is a Republican, and received 9,132 votes to 7,104 for Abel N. Howe, fusionist, and 1,547 for Albsrt H. Stillwell, prohibitionist.. PETER SHARP, Representative from Lenawee county in 1859, was bom at "Wills- borough, N. Y., May 14, 1813. His father removed to the Genesee valley, and later to Franklin county, Ohio, and the son became a traveling minister in 1832, by admission to the Ohio conference of the M. E. church, then including nearly all the territory of Michigan. After twenty-one years' service as a minister, he settled at Ridgeway, Mich., as a retail dealer in drugs and groceries. A "Whig until 1854, since a Republican. He was thirty years postmaster, also a justice. He still lives at Ridgeway. O^0 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. DERWIN W. S HARTS, Representative from Shiawassee county in 1877-79, was born in Oxford, N. Y., August 31, 1830. He graduated from Madison university, Hamilton, N. Y., in 1854, and from the Auburn theological seminary in 1857. Soon after the close of the war, having spent a portion of the last year at the front, he moved into Ohio, thence in 1871, to his present residence. He is a Presbyt^^rian clergyman; was ordained by the Catskill presbytery in 1857, and has preached in the state of New York, in Cleveland, Ohio, and several years for the Congregational- ist church in Owosso. Having pursued the ministry for seventeen years, he retired from the work several years since for rest and recu- peration. In politics a Republican. GILBERT SHATTUCK, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1837, was a resident of Ypsilanti. He was one of the stockholders of the "Huron River bank," a "wild cat" bank, started in 1838, which after a career of 18 months went down. No other information has been obtained of him. WILLARD SHATIUCK, Representative from Saginaw county in 1879, was born in Saginaw, Mich., Sept. 21, 1845. He received a good education and graduated from Goldsmith's Bryant & Stratton commercial college, of Detroit. He has held several township offices, has been justice, and county superintendent of the poor for several years. In politics a Democrat. BRACKLEY SHAW, Representative from Lenawee county in 1869, and Senator in 1881-2-3, was born in Plainfield, Mass., May 21, 1818, and removed with his parents to Ira, N. Y., in 1825, and in 1835 to Dover, Mich., where he still resides. Educated in common schools, and a farmer. Has held various political positions, and is a prominent agriculturist. Politi- cally a Republican. HENRY A. SHAW Was bom in Benson, Vt., June 21, 1818. He received an academical' education, studied law in Ravenna, Ohio, and was admitted to the bar in 1839. In 1842 he removed to Eaton Rapids, Michigan, where MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 581 he now resides. He was twelve years judge of probate for Eaton Kjounty, and has several times been president of the village of Eaton Rapids. He has always been a leading member of the bar in Eaton county. He w as a Representative in the legislative sessions of 1857- ^-73-4. In 1859 he was speaker of the house, and was a recognized leader of the republican party. In 1861 he went into the army as major of the 2d Michigan cavalry, and served two years, He was for some years a director of the Grand River Valley railroad. For many years a Republican, bat of late has acted with the greenback party. JAMES SHAW Was born in Berlin, N. Y., Feb. 28, 1813. He married in 1839, and in 1840 settled on a farm in Howard, Michigan, where he now resides. Was supervisor in 1844 and 1846, and Representative in 1845-7. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Democrat. JAMES SHEARER Was born at Albany, N. Y. , May 12, 1823, received a common school education, and when young became a clerk. In 1838 came to Detroit, and served as an apprentice six years to a builder, studying architec- ture, etc., under competent instructors. He then attended an acad- emy at Albany, N. Y., went south, and in 1846 supervised the build- ing of the state capitol at Montgomery, Alabama. In 1848 went into business at Detroit, as an architect and builder, and continued in that business until 1863, and was twice an alderman. Removed to Bay Citv in 1865, where he has been largely interested in manufactures. He has been president of the first national bank; president of the board of water works; from 1871 to 1878 one of the three commis- sioners for the building of the capitol at Lansing; and regent of the University from 1881 to 1888. In politics a Republican, JONATHAN SHEARER Was a native of Coleraine, Mass., born Aug. 23, 1796. His early edu- cation was academical, with a partial study of medicine, law, and business. He settled in Plymouth, Wayne county, in 1836, and was a leading citizen of the county, serving many terms as supervisor, and as county commissioner, 1838 to 1841. He was Senator in 1842- 3-4, during the time of annual sessions and elections. He was a Rep- 64 58/ MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. resentative in 1851, and of the constitutional convention of 1867. He was a leading agriculturist, an efficient member of the state pioneer society, and its president in 1876. He was politically a Democrat, but favored the greenback party in his later years. Died Sept. 26, 1881. FRANCIS W. SHEARMAN Was born at Vernon, N. Y., June 20, 1817, and died at Marshall, Michigan, Dec. 7, 1874. He graduated from Hamilton college at the age of nineteen. He was employed by Hon. H. R. Schoolcraft to assist him in negotiating treaties with the Indians, and in that capac- ity first came to Michigan. He settled at Marshall in 1837, and soon found employment as editor of the Michigan Journal of Education* the oflScial organ of the state department of public instruction. In 1840 he became chief editor of the Democratic Expounder, published at Marshall, and that paper soon took a leading position as a demo- cratic organ. He was associate judge of Calhoun county in 1843-44. He was appointed superintendent of public instruction by Governor Ransom, March 28, 1849, and held the office under that appointment until 1851. He was elected to that office twice, and held it continu- ously untilJanuary 1, 1855, and made an able public officer. His report for 1852 attracted great attention, was widely distributed, and often quoted by educators. He returned to Marshall, became editor of the Marshall Expounder, which he held through life. He was also an acting magistrate for sixteen years. As a writer he was forcible, polished, independent, and aggressive. CHARLES P. SHELDON, Representative from Van Buren county in 1853, was born in Water- town, N. Y., in 1817. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Demo- crat. He moved to Hartford, Michigan, in 1841, and was supervisor and justice for most of the time for ten years. In 1854 moved to Cedar county, Iowa. Held various offices there, and was a member of the Iowa legislature in 1868. He died at Tipton, Iowa, about 1879. HORACE J. SHELDON Was born in Kinderhook, N. Y., Oct. 28, 1812. At the age of eleven he was sent to learn the tanners and curriers' trade, which he fol- lowed for many years. He prospected Michigan in 1833, and opened a boot and shoe shop at Blissfield in 1836. After a few months he MICHIGAN BIOGEAPHY. 583 went to Grand Haven and established a tannery. After four years he returned to Blissfield, purchased a farm, opened another boot and shoe shop, and made that, place his home. H© was justice some thirty years. In 1867 he was a member of the state constitutional convention as a Eepublican. JAMES SHELDON, Representative from Calhoun county in 1844, was born in Seneca county, N. Y., April 4, 1800. He moved to Michigan in 1833, select- ing and locating lands in Calhoun county. Settled at Albion in 1835 on lands which he owned and occupied up to 1860. He held the posi- tions of state prison inspector, justice, school director, and other minor offices. Business, farmer and general merchandise, politically a Democrat. Died Nov. 9, 1866. NEWTON SHELDON Was born at Brutus, N. Y., July 9, 1810. Received a common school education. He settled on a farm in Lodi, Michigan, in 1832, where he remained until 1871. He was a Democrat, and held some public trust nearly all his life. He was supervisor, town clerk, justice and treasurer, and for many years secretary of the Washtenaw county agricultural society. He was a Representative in 1842-69-70. For nine years, from 1871 to 1880, he was secretary of the Washtenaw county mutual insurance company. He died at Ann Arbor, January 12, 1883. TIMOTHY F. SHELDON, Representative from Wayne county in 1839, was born in New York» July 31, 1797. He came to Michigan in 1826 and settled in Canton, Wayne county, where he continued to reside until his death, Sept. 15, 1869. He was prominent during the thirty years of his residence there, and was honored with the more responsible local offices. Was a Democrat until the time of the civil war, when he became a Repub- lican. AL ANSON SHELEY Was born at Albany, N.Y., August 14, 1809. His early life was spent on his grandfather's farm in Jefferson county, N. Y., and attending common schools. As a boy he took a timber raft down the St. Law- rence river to Quebec, and at 16 was apprenticed three years to learn 584 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. the trade of a mason, and became a foreman on the Rideau canal, Canada. He came to Detroit in 1831, and in 1832 built a stone light- house on Thunder bay, Lake Huron, the oldest now standing. He was a builder and contractor at Detroit several years, and later was interested in lumbering for the Black river steam mill company. In 1859 he became a partner with J. S. Farrand in the drug trade, and is still one of the firm of Farrand, Williams & Co. He was an active Whig in politics, »but helped organize the republican party in 1854. He was an alderman five years, and Senator in 1867-71-2. He is a leading Presbyterian, and has acted as superintendent of a Sunday school for many years. He has always been a strong temperance man. He possessed great strength, and many stories are told of his prowess in his younger days. He still lives at Detroit, and is active mentally and physically. JAMES M. SHEPARD, Senator from Van Buren and Cass counties in 1879, was born in North Brookfield, Mass., Nov. 24, 1842, but soon afterwards removed to Bos- ton. He received a classical education at Wesley an University, Conn., and studied medicine and dental rfurgery in Boston. During the war he served in the medical department of the U. S. navy. In 1868 he located at Cassopolis, Michigan, where he engaged in publishing the Vigilant. In politics a Republican. For several years was private secretary of Senator Palmer. LUMAN SHEPARD, Representative from Eaton county in 1883, was born June 17, 1819, at Skaneateles, N.Y. He attended school until twenty-one years of age. He married in 1841, and the following year began farming upon land of his own, continuing until 1855, when he sold out and removed to Chelsea, Michigan, and engaged in farming one mile south of that village. Disposing of his farm he removed to Olivet, Eaton county, in 1872. In politics a Republican. THOMAS SHEPHERD Was born in Arygle, N. Y., May 19, 1821, and came to Martin, Alle- gan county, in 1844, where he has since resided. By occupation a farmer. A Republican until 1834, when he joined the prohibition party. For five years supervisor, and for twenty years justice. Was a Representative in 1867. Has also been the prohibition nominee for that office. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 685 BENJAMIN SHERMAN, Representative in 1835-6 from St. Joseph county, was born in Conn. , in 1792. He settled in Genesee county, N. Y., and came to Nottawa Prairie, Michigan, in 1825. Before coming to Michigan he was a con- tractor on the Erie canal. In politics a Democrat. He was register of the U. S. land office at Ionia under the administration of Van Buren and also of Pierce. Died in 1872. ALONZO SHERWOOD, Representative from Berrien county in 1879, was born in Lima, Ohio, April 22, 1833. His parents removed to Michigan the following Jan- uary, settling in Berrien county. Occupation, farming. He has held the offices of justice, supervisor, and school director. In politics a Republican. GEORGE SHERWOOD Was born in Amenia, N. Y., April 2, 1819. He moved to Cass county, Michigan, in 1833, and engaged in mercantile business with his brother at Edwardsburg. He was town clerk of Ontwa, county clerk 1844 to 1850, and Representative in 1851. He removed to Elkhart, Indiana, in 1852, where he was a merchant until 1862, and was county treasurer of Elkhart county. In 1865 he removed to Chicago, where he has been in business as a general commission merchant, and dealer in coal and wood. HARVEY C. SHERWOOD, Senator from the counties of Cass and Berrien in 1885, was born at Jamesville, N. Y., Feb. 9, 1835. He received a thorough academical and scientific education, with reference to making farming his voca- tion; he graduated in 1853. In 1870 Mr. Sherwood and his family came to Michigan, and settled in Watervliet, Berrien county, on an unimproved tract of land which is now his home and called Lake View farm, containing 400 acres, and classed among the finest fruit and grain farms of western Michigan. Mr. Sherwood devotes his whole energies to farming and is enthusiastic in its pursuit. He was the democratic candidate for congress in 1886, but was defeated. THOMAS RUSSELL SHERWOOD Was born at Pleasant Valley, N. Y., March 28, 1827. Removed with his parents to Monroe county, N. Y., in 1831, and received an aca- 58(3 MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY. demical education. Studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1851. Practiced his profession at Port Jervis one year, and removed to Kalamazoo, Mich., in 1852, where he now resides. He was in active practice until his election as justice of the Supreme Court in 1883. He was twice city attorney of Kalamazoo, and was repeatedly a nominee for prominent offices, including congress in 1878. In politics a Democrat, of late years a National. Received the support of the democratic and national parties as a candidate for judge. SETH K. SHETTERLY, Representative from Macomb county in 1867-77, was born in Union county, Penn., October 15, 1820. He came to Utica, Mich., with his parents in 1833, where he still resides. By profession an attorney, in politics a Democrat. Has been a justice since 1854, and has been for ten years a circuit court commissioner. CHARLES SHIER, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1855-65-9-70, was born in the state of New York, January 30, 1805. He was for over twenty years a resident of Patterson, N. J., where he was engaged in the manufacture of cotton goods. He came to Ypsilanti in 1845, engaged in farming, and resided near there until his death, January 29, 1883. In politics first a Whig, a Republican from 1854. He was a member and class leader in the Methodist Episcopal church for many years. JOHN B. SHIPMAN Was born in Saybrook, Conn., and can trace his descent from 1639. His father soon removed to Livingston, N. Y,, where he received a common school education. Thence he came to Ypsilanti, Mich., where his father died, leaving him dependent upon his own resources. He studied law in Centreville with Chester Gurney, the abolition candidate for governor when Birney ran for president. Having been admitted to the bar in St. Joseph county, he has since been engaged in practice. He was prominent as counsel for the defendant in the Edmonds impeachment trial. In 1878 he was elected circuit judge by a combination of democrats and nationals. February 28, 1879, he was nominated by those parties as justice of the Supreme Court, and was defeated by Hon. James V. Campbell, the present incumbent. Resides at Coldwater. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 587 JOSEPH P. SHOEMAKER, Senator from Ionia and Montcalm counties in 1879, was born Aug. 30, 1820, at Mohawk, N. Y. He received a common school education. In 1837 he removed to Joliet, 111. In 1840 he removed to Sandusky, Ohio, and remained one year, helping in locating railroads. In 1842 engaged in merchandise and buying grain at Republic, Ohio, and in 1852 went to Covington, Ky., and engaged in manufacturing iron, having charge of a rolling mill. In 1855 he came to Jackson, this state, and engaged in farming. He was postmaster at Jackson two years, and in 1861 removed to Montcalm county and engaged in farm- ing and lumbering. He was elected justice in 1866. In politics a National. MICHAEL SHOEMAKER, Senator from Jackson county in 1848-9-50-1-77-83-5, and president pro tern, in 1851, was born at German Flats, N. Y., April 6, 1818. Attended school until fourteen, then was a clerk at Albany. At the age of seventeen located at Joliet, 111., was seven years a partner in the mercantile business, and filled contracts in building the Illinois and Michigan canal. In 1852 he purchased the mills at Michigan Center, which he owned for 28 years. Resides at Jackson and owns large farms near that city. He held many offices, including inspector of state prison; collector of customs at Detroit; president of the state and county agricultural societies; several terms Grand High Priest of Royal Arch Masons; and chairman of the democratic state committee. In January, 1862, he was appointed colonel of the 18th Michigan infantry, took part in many engagements, with honor to himself and his command, and was for a short time an inmate of Libby prison. Has long been an active member of the state pioneer society, and has served as president. DAVID SHOOK, Representative from Macomb county in 1851 , was born in Milan, N. Y., Dec. 27, 1804. He located at Mt. Clemens, Michigan, in 1836. He was a government contractor and civil engineer, a Democrat in poli- tics up to 1861. then a Republican, and a prominent politician in Macomb county. While a resident of the state of New York he was a lieutenant in the state militik. In 1864 he emigrated to Central •Oity, Colorado, where he died, Aug. 2, 1865. 588 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. JACOB SHOOK, Representative from Macomb county in 1847, was born in Dutchess county, N. Y., Nov. 28, 1779. In 1841 he settled on a farm one mile from Mt. Clemens, where he resided until his death, April 11, 1862. He was a prominent democratic politician, and a leading business man in the state of New York, owning and controlling an ashery,. woolen factory and general store. Was a captain of N. Y. militia. PHILIP P. SHORTS, Representative from. Mason county in 1885, was born in Ontario,. Canada, August 4, 1845. He came to Michigan in 1873, and has been continuously engaged in the practice of his profession, which is that of a physician. His residence is in Ludington, of which city he has been alderman for two terms. SOLOMON SIBLEY Was born in Sutton, Mass., Oct. 7, 1769. He studied law and removed to Ohio in 1795, establishing himself first at Marietta, and then at Cincinnati, in the practice of his profession. He removed to Detroit in 1797, and in 1799 was elected a delegate from Wayne county to the territorial legislature of the northwest territory. In 1815 he was appointed by President Madison United States district attorney of Michigan, which position he held until 1824, when he was appointed one of the United States judges of the territory, holding it until 1838, when he resigned. He was the territorial delegate in con- gress from Michigan from 1820 to 1823. He was interested in a com- pany which erected the first saw and flouring mills in Pontiac. He was a Democrat in politics. As a lawyer, judge and citizen he was universally respected. He died at Detroit April 4, 1846. He left three sons, all of whom became prominent as public men. One was Henry H. Sibley, first governor of Minnesota, and a general in the late rebellion. AARON SICKLES Was born at Palmyra, Wayne county, N. Y., Oct. 2, 1817. He came with his parents family to Plymouth, Michigan, in 1836. In 1838 the son moved to flowell, and began life as a farmer, which he followed until 1856, when he removed to Elsie, resuming his calling as a farmer. He filled varions positions of public trust, and in 1869-70 michiga:n" biography. 589 was a member of the Michigan House, as a Republican. , Since that time he has been engaged in mercantile pursuits, first at Walton, Grand Traverse county, and at the present time at Elmira, Otsego county. JOHN M. B. SILL, Regent of the University of Michigan from 1867 to 1869, by appoint- ment to fill vacancy, was born at Black Rock, Nov. 24, 1831. His parents died when he was eleven, and he came to Jonesville, Mich., where he attended school. He was a graduate of the State Normal school in 1854. He became a teacher in the school, and wrote an English grammar, published in New York. He was president of the Michigan state teachers' association in 1861. In August, 1863, he became superintendent of the Detroit schools, but resigned in 1863, and for ten years was principal of the Detroit female seminary. In 1875 he became again superintendent of the Detroit schools, which position he held for many years. He is now president of the State Normal school, and everywhere recognized as an able educator. ABIEL SILVER Was born in Hopkinton, N. H., in 1797. He removed to St. Lawrence county, N. Y., first teaching, and afterwards becoming a merchant. In 1831 he came to Cass county, Michigan, and opened a store with his brothers at Edwardsburg, and a branch the next year at Cass- opolis. He was a man of ability and culture, and had great influence among the early pioneers. He was a member of the second conven- vention of assent in 1836, and was an associate judge in Cass county. In 1846 he was appointed commissioner of the state land office, and held that position until 1850, Under his administration the seat of government was laid out at Lansing, and the various state lands there were cut up into lots and placed in market. JAMES B. SIMONSON, Representative from Oakland county in 1857, was born at Roxbury, N. Y., Jan. 8, 1805, and received a common school education. Was a merchant at Roxbury from 1825 to 1835, then in trade at Royal Oak, Mich., for six years, at Birmingham two years, and at Springfield for sixteen years. He removed to Holly in 1860, was in trade until 1866, then organized and became president of the first national bank of 65 590 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. Holly-. He was for five years supervisor of Springfield. Politically a Republican. Deceased. EMERY H. SIMPSON, Representative from Van Buren county in 1887, was born in Carlton, N. Y. , Jan. 17, 1828, is a farmer, and has been a resident of this state twenty-three years. He is a Republican, and was a member of the House of 1873-4. He has held the office of supervisor and township clerk, and was elected Representative for 1887-8 by a vote of 1,909 to 1,347 for Sullivan Cook, and 439 for John W. Free, prohibitionist. DANIEL D. SINCLAIR, Senator from Lenawee county in 1848, was born at Broadalbin, N.Y., April 16, 1805. While young was a clerk at Albany, then learned the trade of a tailor, and was in the clothing trade in western New York. He settled in Adrian, Mich., in 1835, where he now resides. He was in the clothing trade for several years. Has been justice; county treasurer six years; brigadier general of state militia; superintendent of the Michigan Southern railroad from 1850 to 1858; supervisor for eighteen years, and a school trustee. ELIAS M. SKINNER, Lawyer, was born at Woodstock, Conn. , Oct. 28, 1798, and died Aug. 6, 1859. After an academical education he entered Brown University and graduated in 1820. Studied law with Governor Stoddard, spent a few years teaching, came to Ypsilanti in 1826, and commenced the practice of his profession. He took an active part in favor of temper- ance and Sabbath school instruction. He served several years as prosecuting attorney, and was elected judge of probate in 1845. In 1850 he was a democratic member of the constitutional convention. DAVID G. SLAFTER Was born in Norwich, Vt., Jan. 1, 18T7.j^In 1849 he removed to Tuscola, Michigan. With the exception of one year has held the office of justice since 1852. Has been judge oi Jprobate for Tuscola county four years, and was enrolling officer and deputy provost marshal from 1863 to the close of the war. He was a Representative in 1863 and 1864. Principal business real estate and lumbering. At MICHIGAN- BIOGRAPHY. 591 first a Whig, now a Republican. Is vice president of the national bank at Vassar. THOMAS J. SLAYTON,' Representative from Kent county in 1867-9-70, was born in Middlesex, N. Y., Jan. 9, 1837. In 1847 removed with his parents to Grattan, Michigan. He graduated at Hillsdale college in 1862, and from the University law school in 1864. Was for a short time at Vicksburg, Miss., in the Freedmen's bureau service, but commenced law practice at Lowell, Mich., in the fall of 1864. He retired to a farm in Grattan in 1874. In politics a Republican. Died July 15, 1875. DANIEL D. SLOAN, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1850, was born in Herki- mer county, N. Y., Nov. 28, 1799. By occupation a millwright, in politics first a Whig, then a Republican. He came to Michigan in 1844, built the first large mill at Grand Rapids, also one at Ann Arbor, and one at Dover Mills, which he operated until his death, Jan. 29, 1861. He was several times supervisor and assessor of the town of Dexter, and was a man of sterling worth and integrity. ALBERT B. SLOCUM Was born in Macedon, N. Y., March 19, 1818. He moved to Michigan in 1842 and settled in Wheatland, Hillsdale county. He was a supervisor, and president of the Hillsdale county agricultural society. Was a Democrat in early life, became a Republican in 1854. He was a Representative in 1865. By occupation a farmer. Died May 14, 1883. ELLIOTT T. SLOCUM, Senator from Wayne county in 1869-70, was born at Trenton, Mich., in 1839. He graduated at Union college in 1862, and is now a resident of Detroit, and since 1886 a park commissioner. In politics a Republican. His time is given to the management of a large estate inherited from his father. ABNER C. SMITH, •Senator from Macomb county in 1845-6, was born in Vermont, Feb. 14, 1814. A lawyer and a Democrat. He came to Michigan in 592 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. and was a postmaster, judge of the county court, and judge of probate. Edited the Macomb county Gazette some years, and pub- lished the Ancient Landmark, a Masonic magazine. Died at Litchfield, Minn., Sept. 20, 1880. ABRAM SMITH, Representative from St. Clair county in 1863-4, was born in Clay, Mich., Sept. 8, 1819. Received a common school education, worked four years in a saw mill, and then sailed a vessel between Algonac and Sandusky. In 1844 engaged in lumber business which he con- tinued for many years. He owned a large farm and valuable timber lands. Has held various offices, including supervisor, president of the village of Algonac, and moderator of the school board for more than twenty years. AMOS SMITH, Senator from Cass county in 1869-70, was born at Springfield, Pa., Aug. 7, 1829, where he received an academical education, and also graduated from a business college at Pittsburgh. He taught school in Cass county, Mich., in 1848, then in Yazoo county, Miss. Settled in Vandalia, Mich., 1852, taught school several years, owned and managed a farm, and gave much time to locating lines and corners in Cass county. Several years secretary of the Cass county farmers' institute; supervisor several terms; county surveyor eighteen years ; and has held many other offices. In politics a Republican. ANDREW J. SMITH, Attorney General of Michigan in 1875-6, was born near Chillicothe, Ohio, Sept. 2, 1818. Removed with his parents to Indiana in 1825, and to the present site of Valparaiso in 1835. Since 1840 has been a resident of Cass county, Mich. Was several years a clerk, then studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1857. He was prosecuting attorney twelve years, and held other local offices. In 1878 he was appointed judge of the second circuit to fill vacancy, and was elected to that office in 1881, without opposition, serving until the close of 1887. In politics a Republican. Resides at Cassopolis. ■ AURA SMITH, Representative from Branch county in 1863, was born in the state of. New York. Came to Michigan in 1844. Settled on a farm in the MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 593 township of Girard. Was supervisor from 1850 to 1855. In 1864 he removed to Missouri, and is still living in that state. He was a farmer by occupation, and in the latter years of his residence in Michigan, a dealer in stock. C. CLIFFORD SMITH, Representative from Wayne county in 1867, was born in New Hamp- shire in 1838. He graduated as a physician from Portsmouth medical college, (N. H.) in 1852, and the same year came to Michigan, locating at Redford, where he has sinc^ resided. He was a surgeon in the late war, and a member of the jury commission for Wayne county in 1884. Politics, democratic. DAVIS SMITH, Representative from Lenawee county in 1839, was born in Dutchess county, N. Y., in 1808. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Demo- crat. He came to Tecumseh, Mich., in 1830. Held several public offices, and took part in the Black Hawk and Toledo wars. Bore the title of general. Died March 26, 1868. EZEKIEL C. SMITH, Representative from Cass county in 1850, was born in Erie county, N. Y., June 6, 1811. He settled in 1835 on a farm in Pokagon, Cass county, and has lived there ever since. He has held the office of supervisor nine years, and been a justice for 86 years. In politics a Democrat. FRANK L. SMITH, Representative from Jackson county in 1871-2, was born at Stafford Springs, Conn., July 8, 1830. In 1842 removed with his parents to Armada, Mich. As a young man worked in the railroad shops at Adrian, came to Jackson in 1855, and was manager of the American, afterwards the Marion house, then clerk of the Hibbard house until 1864. He was quartermaster of the 29th Michigan until that regi- ment consolidated with the 28th, then took charge of the Tremont house 1865-8. He had charge of the Hurd house from 1869 until the fall of 1886. Served as alderman and supervisor. Died Dec. 5, 1886, 594 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. GEORGE A. SMITH, Senator from Branch and Hillsdale counties in 1867-85, was born in Danbury, Conn., March 8, 1825, and settled at an early day as a farmer in Somerset, Mich. Has also been a merchant. He was Representative in 1863, and was a member of the board of control of the reform school from 1879 to 1884, when he resigned. Has also been a supervisor. In politics a Republican. GEORGE M. SMITH, Representative from Muskegon county fn 1877, was born March 16, 1841, at Springfield Centre, N. Y. He was educated at Alfred Univer- sity, N. Y. , and removed to Michigan in 1867. He was president of the village of Whitehall, and a member of the lumbering firm of J. Alley & Co. At the age of nineteen he engaged with the Atlantic & Great Western railroad at Salamanca, N. Y., as telegraph operator, from which position he was subsequently promoted to that of super- intendent of telegraph and train dispatcher, and afterward to a simi- lar position on the Blossburg, Corning & Tioga railroad at Corning. In politics a Republican. Died several years since. HENRY SMITH Was a native of the state of New York, and graduated at the United States military academy in 1815. He was made a lieutenant and served in the army until 1836, when he resigned. From 1836 to 1840 was a civil engineer, superintending harbor improvements on Lake Erie, and resided at Monroe. He was a Representative in 1838-41; was major general of Michigan militia from 1841 to 1846; mayor of Monroe in 1846. In 1847 he was re-appointed to the army with the rank of major. He died while on duty in the Mexican- war, at Vera Cruz, July 24, 1847. HENRY C. SMITH Was born at Scituate, R. I., Jan. 9, 1804. He worked on a farm until of age and enjoyed fair opportunities for an education. He was a mason by trade and worked at it until 1836, when he came to Michigan. Was engaged both in merchandising and lumbering, and finally became a farmer in Plainfield, Kent county. He held various town and county offices and was a Representative in 1849 and 1853. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 595 HIRAM SMITH, Representative from Calhoun county in 1848, was born in Westchester county, N. Y., May 24, 1804. By occupation a merchant and miller, in politics a Democrat. He came to Homer, Michigan, in 1837, and was a prominent business man and leading Democrat for many years. Was a good neighbor and of a social nature. Was moderator of school board, took great interest in schools, and often presided at public meetings. Died May 4, 1874. HIRAM H. SMITH, Representative from Ingham county in 1843, was born at Malone, N. Y., Dec. 9, 1809. When young was a resident of Brandon, Vt. He received an academical education; was five years a clerk at Castle- ton, Vt.; from 1830 to 1835 a merchant at Granville, N. Y.; in 1836 became a farmer in Ingham county, Mich. ; was county treasurer in 1838, and county clerk in 1841; a merchant at Mason; removed to Lansing in 1847, built the first flour mill, and carried on the milling and mercantile business; in 1851-2 was engaged in building the plank road from Lansing to Howell; was the first mayor of Lansing in 1859; was vice president and managing director of the J., L. & S. R> R.; removed to Jackson in 1864, and from 1868 to 1870 was president of the Fort Wayne & Jackson railroad; in 1871-2 superintended the building bf the D. , L. & Nr and the Detroit & Bay City railroads. Now resides in Jackson; has large property interests, and is president of the Ingham county savings bank. A Democrat until 1856, since a Republican. JAMES L. SMITH, Representative from Sanilac county in 1851, was born in Kilconquhary Scotland, May 11, 1813. He came to Tecumseh, Mich., in 1838, theni to Sanilac county in 1840. Business, varied; in politics a Republican. He removed to Toledo in 1853, and to Minneapolis in 1882, where he- now resides. JEREMIAH R. SMITH, Was born in Lyme, Conn., June 19, 1795. He came to Michigan in 1828. He was a blacksmith by trade, and carried on the business at Avon, N. Y., before coming to Michigan. Settling in Genesee county he became a farmer. He was associate county judge of Genesee county, justice for twenty years, and supervisor for several years of 596 MICHIGAN^ BIOGRAPHY. Grand Blanc. He was a Representative from Genesee county in 1838 and 1843. Died March 23, 1868. JOHN S. SMITH Was born March 26, 1822, at Dighton, Mass. His father removed to Ontario, N. Y., where the son studied medicine, and graduated from Cleveland medical college in 1844; practiced medicine in Ontario county, N. Y. for two years; removed to Armada, Mich., in 1847, and was engaged in medical practice until 1860. In 1858 he commenced the study of law, graduated from the law department at Ann Arbor, and went into practice. In 1863 he entered the army as quarter- master and served one year. He then engaged in farming and deal- ing in hops, buying large quantities and sending to distant markets. As a Democrat he was Senator in 1853. Died September 19, 1868. JOSEPH SMITH Was born in Botetourt county, Virginia, April 11, 1809. He removed with his parents to Ohio, in 1812, and settled in Calvin, Michigan, in 1831. He bought a mill property and ran it until 1835, when he sold out and bought one thousand acres of land in Jefferson, Cass county. In 1847 he engaged with partners in the mercantile business, after three years carrying it on alone. In 1855 he removed to Cassopolis and continued his business. In politics a'Democrat. He was Repre- sentative in 1835-6-7, also of the second convention of assent in 1836. ^LE GRAND J. SMITH, Representative from Lenawee county in 1873-4, was born in Bethel, Conn., Jan. 8, 1837. He received a common school education. In 1639 he settled in Somerset, Hillsdale county. In 1859 he removed to Woodstock, Lenawee county, where he still resides. In business a merchant. MORGAN L. SMITH, Representative from Oakland county in 1855, was born at Charlton, N. Y., Aug. 30, 1810. Learned the trade of a hatter and carried on that business at Eaton, N. Y. Removed to Milford, Mich., in 1837, where he was justice eighteen years, and postmaster four years. Was associate judge of Oakland county four years. Removed to Branch county and farmed it ten years. In politics a Republican. Diediin Chicago, Oct. 12, 1866. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 597 NATHAN D. SMITH, Kepresentative from St. Clair county in 1861-2, was born in the state of New York in 1803. He came to Michigan in 1833. His business has been miscellaneous; politically a Republican. Now resides at Algonac, Michigan. PERRIN M. SMITH Was born in Middlebury, N. Y., Aug. 22, 1811; received an academi- cal education; became a lawyer, and practiced at LeRoy, N. Y., and was also postmaster there; ia 1849 settled at Constantine, Mich., and was a law partner of Hon. Charles Upson until 1856. He was elected judge of the 4th circuit in 1863, and served until his death, Feb. 12. 1866. ROBERT B. SMITH, Representative from Ionia county in 1867-9-70, was born at Fairfield, N. Y., April 21, 1834; was educated as a physician and graduated from the University of New York in 1854; practiced four years at Fairfield, then became surgeon on an ocean vessel; in 1863 settled at Ionia, Mich., purchased a mill and engaged in the manufacture of flour; was president of the village, and for years a director of the Detroit, Lansing & Northern railroad. In politics a Republican. Now resides in Chicago. SAMUEL L. SMITH, Representative from St. Clair county in 1859, was born at Algonac, Mich., in 1830. For many years he was a pleading merchant at Houghton, Michigan. Has always resided in Michigan, and is now a resident of Lansing. He is a Democrat in politics, and was their candidate for commissioner of the state land office in 1862, and was the democratic nominee for congress in the 6th district in 1864. SYDNEY T. SMITH, Representative from Jackson county in 1857, was born in Chenango county, N. Y., Oct. 27, 1809. He received an academical education, taught school two winters, and engaged in mercantile business at Pulaski, N. Y. He also with others built a vessel to transport grain from Chicago to Oswego. In 1836 they bought a schooner and went into the lumber trade on Lake Michigan. In 1839 he settled on a 66 598 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. farm in Grass Lake, Michigan, opened a store and bought and sold produce on a large scale. He sold out in 1855 and retired to his farm, He was for a long time secretary of the farmers' insurance company, and acquired a competence. In politics a Republican. Died April 25, 1878. SAMUEL W. SMITH, Senator from the county of Oakland in 1885, was born in Independ- ence, Michigan, August 23, 1852. Commenced to teach school art the age of sixteen years, and during the three years he was principal of the Waterford school, was elected superintendent of schools for the township of Waterford. Commenced to study law in 1876, and was admitted to the bar in 1877, and graduated in the law class of 1878 at the University of Michigan. Commenced the practice of law in Pontiac in 1878. In 1880 was elected prosecuting attorney of Oakland county, and was re-elected in the fall of 1882, and resigned said oflfice Nov. 3, 1884. THADDEUS G. SMITH Was born at Cato, N. Y., April 12, 1828. Receiving an academical education, he studied law and was admitted at Albany in 1852. He practiced his profession in Troy and New York city until 1861, when he removed to Fentonville, Michigan, where he practiced law until 1877. He was a Representative in 1863-4. He was a commissioner under Gov. Blair to take the votes of the soldiers in the field. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1867, and Senator in 1869-70. In 1876 was elected probate judge, and removed to Flint. A Republican in politics. VERNON H. SMITH Was born in Canada, Dec. 29, 1838, received a common school educa- tion, and since 1858 has been a resident of Ionia county, Mich. Studied law, was admitted in 1872, and went into practice at Ionia. Served as circuit court commissioner one term. A Republican until 1872, since a Democrat. He was elected judge of the eighth circuit in 1881, and re-elected in 1887. WILLIAM H. SMITH, Representative from Jackson county in 1875, was born April 15, 1832, at Gorham, N. Y. He received an academical education, removed ta MICHIGAK BIOGRAPHY. 699 Michigan in 1854 and settled in Grass Lake, Jackson county. Has been supervisor of Grass Lake, and is by occupation a farmer. WILLIAM T. SMITH, Representative from St, Joseph county in 1865, was born in Scott, N. Y., June 26, 1829. Received an academical education and became a teacher. Was in the recruiting service for two years. Came to Cen- tre ville, Mich., in 1862, taught several years, and was admitted to the bar in 1866. He was for two terms superintendent of schools in Kalamazoo county. Is now a justice, and engaged in furnishing school supplies. Politically a free trader. WILLIAM SNELL, Representative from Oakland county in 1843 and 1844, was born in the state of Rhode Island in 1796. By occupation a farmer, in poli- tics a Democrat. He settled as a farmer in Oakland, Oakland county, in 1828. Died July 28, 1870. BYRON A. SNOW, Representative from Saginaw county, was born in Jackson county, August 21 , 1850. Has been a resident of the state all his lifetime, and is by profession a lawyer, by persuasion a Democrat. Mr. Snow has held the office of supervisor. He was elected Representative for 1887-8 by a vote of 1,349 to 1,158 for John Northwood, Republican, and 87 for Magoffin, Prohibitionist. FIELDER S. SNOW, Representative from Lenawee county in 1843, and Senator in 1849-50- 3, was born in Ashford, Conn., May 17, 1814. He became a clerk at the age of fifteen, and settled in Clinton, Mich., in 1837. He was a merchant and miller, in politics a Democrat. He was a leader in public enterprises, and was administrator of many estates. For twenty-five years a justice. Deceased. WILLIAM T. SNOW, Representative from Oakland county in 1850, came from the state of New York, and settled on a farm in Addison, Oakland county, in 1835. He was a clergyman, an excellent man, and was highly 600 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. esteemed by the Indians, many of whom became christians under his preaching. He was town clerk in 1838-9, and supervisor from 1847 to 1854. STEPHEN F. SNYDER, Representative from Calhoun county in 1883-5, was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., December 27, 1829, and received a common school education. He settled as a farmer at Homer, Mich., in 1866. He was a supervisor several years, and was county register of deeds six years. In politics a Republican. MILO SOULE Was born in Madison county, N. Y., July 3, 1804. He had fair schooling, and from 1820 to 1830 taught winters, working on his father's farm summers. He married in 1830 and was a farmer in Murray, N. Y., for five years. In 1835 he came to Michigan and bought a farm in Marengo, Calhoun county, which he cultivated until 1869. He was a justice for 36 years; county treasurer six years; supervisor four years; town clerk several years, and a member of the constitutional convention of 1850. In politics a Democrat. CHARLES SPAFFORD, Representative from Lenawee county in 1838, was a merchant and miller at Tecumseh, and a Whig in politics. Deceased. LEVI SPARKS, Senator from Berrien county in 1873-4, was born October 3, 1823, in Centre, Indiana. He emigrated to Michigan in 1828, and settled in Niles township, Berrien county, where he now resides. He was educated in common schools. In 1864 he was appointed by Governor Blair to go to Arkansas and receive the vote of the twelfth Michigan infantry. He has held various offices of trust in his township. By occupation a farmer, politically a Democrat. ERASTUS SPAULDING Was born in Tompkins county, N. Y., July 1, 1818. He grew to man- hood in that state, studied medicine, removed to Michigan in 1845, MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 601 settled in Oakland county, and followed his profession there for 24 years. He was a Whi^, but in 1854 became a Republican. Repre- sentative from Oakland county in 1867. He removed to Grand Rapids in 1879, and is still engaged in medical practice. Now votes the national greenback union ticket. OLIVER L. SPAULDING "Was born at Jaffrey, N. H., August 2, 1823, and was the son of Lyman and Susan (Marshall) Spaulding. He prepared for college at Melville academy in Jaffrey, working on the farm during the time. In 1851 he entered Oberlin college and graduated in 1855. He then spent three years in teaching in t union schools at Medina, Ohio, and Hillsdale, Mich., and in the academy at Medina, Mich., giving leisure time to the study of law. In 1858 he was admitted to the bar and opened an office at St. Johns. In 1862 he enlisted as captain in the 23d Michigan infantry and passed through all the grades to colonel, commanding the regiment in 1863. In 1865 he was in command of the second brigade of the second division, twenty-third army corps, and was bre vetted "brigadier general." In 1858 he was elected regent of the State University and held that position for six years. In 1866 he was elected secretary of state and was re-elected in 1868 serving from 1867 to 1871. In 1875 he was appointed special agent of the treasury department, which he held until his nomination by acclamation, by the republican convention at Owosso, for congress. He served efficiently in congress from 1881 to 1883. H e was renomi- nated in 1882 but was defeated by 32 votes, although the average democratic majority was 800. In 1885 he again filled the position of special agent for the treasury. He has been a prominent Mason, and filled the highest positions in the order. He is a Republican and a member of the Episcopal church. He married the daughter of Hon. John Swegles, former auditor general of Michigan, and they have four children. He was chairman of a commission sent by the gov- ernment to the Sandwich Islands in 1883, to investigate alleged vio- lations of the Hawaiian reciprocity treaty. In 1887 he was the Republican candidate for circuit judge. Resides at St. Johns. JOHN J. SPEED Was born in Ithaca, N. Y., January 14, 1839. In 1848 came to Detroit; graduated at the State University; studied law in Detroit; was admit- ted to the bar in 1861; practiced his profession in Detroit; was a Rep- 602 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. resentative in 1873-4; was appointed one of the two additional judges to the 3d circuit in 1881, and was elected judge in 1882. His term expired in 1887. In politics a Republican. Is now engaged in prac- tice at Detroit. THOMAS R. SPENCE, Representative from Detroit, session 1867, was a native of Scotland, born in 1825. He was a druggist and physician, but went to Cincin- nati, Ohio (where he is supposed to be still a resident), soon after the close of his legislative term, to engage in the tobacco business. ASA SPENCER, Representative from Ionia county in 1863-4, was born in Herkimer county, N. Y., in 1807. He settled at Ionia, Mich., in 1845, where he kept hotel two years, when he moved to Smyrna, Ionia county, went into mercantile business, continuing his residence there until his death in 1876. Held various town offices and was a justice. In poli- tics a Republican. GROVE SPENCER, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1840-1-8-50, was born at West Stockbridge, Mass., Aug. 3, 1806. Came to Ypsilanti, Mich., in 1826. By profession a lawyer, but health failing, he removed in 1844 to his farm near Ypsilanti, which he managed successfully until his death Aug. 29, 1854. He was for years a director of the state agricul- tural society; was twice a candidate for member of state board of education; was president and recorder of Ypsilanti; and deeply inter- ested in locating the Normal school. In politics a Whig. HORACE C. SPENCER, Senator from Genesee county in 1885, was born at Cortland, N. Y., July 27, 1832. Removed when young to Springville, N. Y. Was edu- cated at an academy, clerked for years, was then a merchant until 1866, when he settled at Flint, Mich., in the hardware trade. Bought a stock farm in 1876, and is now devoted to farming, and especially interested in raising fiae horses. Politically a Republican. MICHIGAi?- BIOGRAPHY. 603 JAMES W. SPENCER, Representative from Tuscola county in 1887, was born in Dutchess -county, N. Y., Oct. 8, 1827, and was a resident of Pennsylvania from 1849 to 1861, when he settled in Indian Fields, Mich., his present home. Has been supervisor nine terms, twice chairman of the board, town treasurer, village president, county register two terms, and has held other offices. For nine years a merchant, now a farmer and real estate dealer. MICHAEL SPENCER, Hepresentative from Calhoun county in 1841, was born at East Hart- ford, Conn., Nov. 5, 1804. Came to Calhoun county, Mich., in 1831, and located on a farm in Emmett, on which he resided until his death Oct. 10, 1854. In religion a Baptist, in politics a Democrat. ROLLIN SPRAGUE, Representative from Oakland county in 1840, was born in East Bloomfield, N. J., in 1806. By occupation a merchant, politically a Republican. He came to Michigan about 1830. Died in August, 1872. ROGER SPRAGUE, Member of the territorial council in 1824 and 1832, was born at Lebanon, Conn., in 1769. He settled first at Bloomfield, N. Y., and was for seven years sheriff of Ontario county, which then included nearly all of western New York, and was a member of the assembly in 1816-17. In 1821 he settled at Avon, Michigan. Died in July, 1848. WILLIAM SPRAGUE Was born in the state of Rhode Island; removed to Michigan and settled at Kalamazoo. In 1848 he was elected a Representative to congress, serving from December 3, 1849, to March 3, 1851. He was a Free Soiler in politics. Died soon after the close of his term at Kalamazoo. WILLIAM B. SPRAGUE, Representative from Branch county in 1846, was born in the state of New York, Feb. 28, 1797. He graduated as a physician at Fairfield 604 mCHlGAK BIOGRAPHY. medical college. He practiced in New York until 1835, then settled in practice at Cold water, Mich., and resides on the same spot which he first made his home, his second house being the first brick residence in that city. He gave up medical practice thirty years ago. In 1836 he formed a partnership and built a saw-mill and flouring mill, now the largest roller mill in the county. He was the first town clerk of Cold water in 1836; in 1837 was elected associate judge of the county court; in 1842 was elected judge of probate, which he held until 1845. At the age of ninety-one he is in good health, has good sight, enjoys books and society, and is often seen on the streets. He married in 1831 a daughter of Rev. Francis Smithy and has three daughters and one son living. In religion a Methodist, He is held in universal respect and esteem. HENRY H. STAFFORD, Representative from Marquette county in 1877, was born in Boston, Mass., Jan. 6, 1833. He received an academical education. He came to Michigan in 1855, and took up his residence in Marquette in 1856, where he now resides. He has held numerous public oflBces. He was receiver of the United States land office at Marquette five years^ the first mayor of Marquette, town treasurer, member of the school board, etc. By occupation a druggist, in politics a Republican. JOHN H. STANDISH. Senator from Newaygo and other counties in 1867-9, was born in Benson, Vt., February 10, 1816, and is a direct descendant of Captain Miles Standish, of Puritan fame. Receiving a common school educa- tion, at the age of fifteen taught school in Orleans county, N. Y., and in Ohio, and the next year was a clerk in Chicago. From thence he traveled through Iowa, and down the Mississippi, and at the age of seventeen was in the Texan service, where he rose to the rank of lieutenant. He spent a year in Louisana, came north, and taught school in Mt. Carmel, 111., where he married Hester A. Courter. He became a lecturer on psychology, and traveled extensively. He wa& admitted to the Illinois bar, and in 1839 settled at Middleville, Mich. In 1852 he became a resident of Newaygo, which is now his home. Has been register of deeds, county clerk and prosecuting attorney of Newaygo county. In 1863 he became captain of company **A,*' 10th Michigan cavalry, and rose in service to the rank of lieutenant colonel. In 1869 he was appointed U. S. district attorney for western MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 605 Michigan, and held that position eight years. For some years was engaged in practice at Muskegon, but in 1881 returned to Newaygo. In politics a Republican. OLIVER O. STANCHFIELD, Representative from Mason and Lake counties in 1877-79, was born in Washington county, Maine, August 16, 1836. He was educated in the academies of his native county, and studied law in the office of Hon. F. A. Pike, in Calais, Maine. In 1857 he came west and located at Cedar Rapids Iowa, and was admitted to practice by the Linn county district court, of Iowa, in 1860. In 1861 he was appointed sheriff and was subsequently re-elected twice to the same position. In 1871 he was a member of the Iowa legislature from Linn county, and was appointed one of the trustees of the Iowa state agricultural college, which office he held until his removal to Michigan in 1874. In politics a Republican. ABIEL S. STANNARD, Representative from Ionia county in 1867-69-70, was born in Newport, N. H., December 28, 1823. A farmer by occupation, politically a Republican. He came to Michigan with his father in 1837, who located a farm in Boston, Ionia county, now occupied by his son. They were among the first pioneers of that section of the state. Mr. Stannard has been four terms supervisor of Boston. ERASTUS H. STANTON, Senator from Ionia and Montcalm counties in 1881-2, was born in Durham, N. Y., November 13, 1816, and received an academical education. He was four years a clerk, then became a merchant at Greenville, N. Y., and was also engaged in farming, banking and lumbering. He settled at Ionia, Mich., in 1867. He was a super- visor six years, and president of the village and mayor of the city of Ionia. In politics a Republican. HIRAM E. STAPLES, Representative from Muskegon county in 1885, was born in the state of New York, June 1, 1836. He has been a resident of this state for thirty-seven years, with the exception of the time he served in the war as a member of the fifth Wisconsin volunteer infantry, having 67 606 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. been engaged in business as a lumberman, which he still carries on, residing at Whitehall, where he has held the office of president of the common council for six years. He has also served as a supervisor. In politics a Republican. GEORGE P. STARK, Senator from Kent county in 1887, was born at Stow, Ohio, August 19, 1832, and received a common school education, with a term or two at Hiram college. He learned the trade of a cooper, followed it until 1853, when he became a farmer. Was for one year, 1866, in the drug trade at Palestine, 111., then was a farmer until 1871, when he removed from Hudson, Ohio, to Cascade. Mich., where he is a merchant and farmer. He was a Representative in 1885. In politics a Fusionist. LEWIS F. STARKEY, Senator from Kalamazoo county in 1843-4, was born in the state of New Hampshire, in 1801. He studied medicine at Norwich, N. Y., and at Philadelphia. Practiced as a physician and surgeon in a Phi 1- adelphia hospital, in Otsego county and Binghampton, N. Y. He came with his family to Detroit in 1836, and settled at Kalamazoo in 1837, where he practiced his profession until his death in 1848. By appointment of the governor he was one year a visitor to the State University. GEORGE A . STARKWEATHER, Representative from Wayne county in 1859, was born in Plymouth, Mich., Feb. 26, 1826, of New England parentage, and still resides there. He was the second white child born in the township, as his mother was the first white woman to settle there. His early educa- tion was such as the time and the locality afforded, and his pursuits have been farming nnd mercantile. He is now president of the first national bank of Plymouth, and has held various local offices. Was originally a Whig, and subsequently a Republican in politics. FRANCIS C. ST. AUBIN, Representative from the second district of Wayne county in 1855, was of French descent, and a native of Hamtramck, born in 1831. After the annexation he represented his ward at different times as alderman MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 607 in the common council of Detroit. He was a carpenter and builder by occupation, a democrat in politics, and died Feb. 15, 1872. WILLIAM M. ST. CLAIR Was born in Bedford county, Pennsylvania, March 15, 1809, and moved to Ohio with his parents in 3814. Became there a merchant. Came to Michigan in 1839, and resided at Algonac, St. Clair county, when elected as a Whig Representative to the legislature of 1849. JOHN B. ST. JOHN, Representative from Macomb county in 1848, was born in Rensselaer county, N. Y., Nov. 17, 1804. He came to Michigan in 1830, and set- tled on a farm three miles west of Utica, which he had purchased in 1827, and where he now resides. In politics a Democrat. BENTON R. STEARNS, Representative from Berrien county in 1879, was born in Delaware county, Ohio, Dec. 12, 1842. He received a common school education, and removed to Berrien county, Mich., in 1848. In 1861 he enlisted ia company E, twelfth regiment Mich, vols., receiving commissions as second and first lieutenant in same regiment, serving four years and a half. Occupation, druggist, which he engaged in at Galien, Mich. He has filled the offices to township treasurer five years, and supervisor. In politics a Republican. AMOS E. STEELE, Representative from Ingham and Livingston counties in 1840, was born in Queensbury, N. Y., June 28, 1806. He settled in Onondaga, Mich., in 1836, and was elected associate judge of Ingham county in 1838: took the county census in 1840; removed to Mason in 1844, and was elected judge of probate in 1848; was justice 27 years, and filled many local offices. In politics a Republican after 1854. Died March 15, 1878. GEO. E. STEELE, Representative from Antrim and other counties in 1877, was born in West Andover, Ohio, Oct. 28, 1842. He removed to Kingsville, Ohio, MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. in 1845, and in 1861 to Benzonia, Mich. He received an academical education. In 1864 he removed to Homestead; attended the state agricultural college; was county surveyor of Grand Traverse county then including Benzie, and supervisor; removed to Elk Rapids* Antrim county, in 1872, since which time he has been county sur- veyor of Antrim county, and supervisor of Elk Rapids, and largely engaged in examinations of lands, estimates, civil engineering and surveying, and in a small way in farming. In politics a Republican, later a Prohibitionist. JOSEPH H. STEERE, Of Sault Ste. Marie, was born May 19, 1852, at Addison, Lenawee county, Michigan. Removed to the state of Minnesota with his par- ents in 1854. Returned to Adrian, Michigan, in 1861, worked on a farm and taught school, attended Raisin Valley seminary and Adrian high school winters, until 1872, then entered literary class of Michi- gan University, graduated from there in classical course in 1876. Studied law with Messrs. Geddes & Miller, of Adrian. Admitted to the bar in 1878. Removed to bis present place of residence and began the practice of law in the last named year. Elected prosecuting attorney of Chippewa county in 1880. He was elected judge of the eleventh circuit in the spring of 1881. WILLIAM M. STEPHENS, Representative from Ingham county in 1875, was born in Chittenden county, Vt., in 1825, where he resided until 1832, when his father's family removed to Niagara county, N. Y. In 1835 the family removed to Michigan and settled in Stockbridge, Ingham county, where he has since resided, with the exception of four years spent in Califor- nia. He received a common school education, and is a farmer by occupation. In politics a Democrat. ROBERT STEPHENSON, Representative from Delta and Menominee counties in 1881-2, was born in New Brunswick in 1836. He removed to Delta county in 1846, and to Menominee county in 1849, where he has resided ever since. He received a common school education; has been engaged principally in lumbering, in which he is now largely interested; is superintendent of the Ludington , Wells & Van Schoick Lumber Co. , in which he is a large stockholder. He is also closely identified with I MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 609 several other important business enterprises in that section of the country. In politics a Republican. SAMUEL M. STEPHENSON, Senator from the 31st district, comprising the counties of Marquette, Menominee, Delta, Schoolcraft, Chippewa, and Mackinaw, in 1879-85, was born in New Brunswick in 1831. He received a common school education, and in 1846 located in Delta county, Mich., where he engaged in lumbering. In 1858 he removed to Menominee, where he built the second saw mill on the river. He has been chairman of the board of supervisors most of the time since that county was organ • ized. He is largely interested in **The Kirby Carpenter Co.," of Menominee, and the " Stephenson Banking Co.," of Marinette, Wis., being an officer of both. He is also engaged in real estate, lumber, and general mercantile business, and owns several large farms. He was a Representative in the legislature of 1877 and a member of the Senate in 18T9. In politics a Republican, and was a delegate to the republican national convention of 1888. EZRA STETSON, Representative from Kalamazoo cormty in 1851, was born in Otsego county, N. Y., in 1811. Settled as a physician at Galesburg, Mich., in 1837, and was in practice there for twenty years. He was a graduate of Fairfield medical college, N. Y. He was supervisor of Comstock, and a public spirited, active and influential citizen. In 1857 he removed to Bureau county, Illinois, where he became a farmer and stock raiser, giving much attention to the Percheron breed of horses, and was among the first to bring them to this country. Has acquired a fortune. AMOS STEVENS, Representative from Wayne county in 1849, and a delegate in the constitutional convention of 1835, was born in Sangerfield, N. Y., May 31, 1801. He removed to Steuben county in 1806, and to Canton, Mich., in 1831, where he died in, 1876. He filled many local offices. A farmer by occupation, a Democrat in politics, and a Presbyterian in religion. 610 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHT. APPLETON STEVENS, Representative from Bay county in 1861-2, was born at Moodus, Conn., August 17, 1818. Resettled at Portsmouth, Bay county, in 1856, and was the first supervisor of that town. Died August 29, 1878. FITZ H. STEVENS, Senator from Van Buren county in 1853, was born in Tyngsboro, Mass., May 27, 1817. He came to Michigan in 1837, and resided in Berrien and Van Buren counties nearly the entire period from that date until his death, which occurred at St. Joseph, Sept. 7, 1870. In politics a Democrat. He was register of deeds in Van Buren county from 1840 to 1842. Also postmaster of St. Joseph. He was active in raising troops for the 12th Michigan infantry, and went out as the chosen quartermaster of the regiment, but did not finally receive his commission. HERMAN W. STEVENS, Of Port Huron, is a native of Michigan. Mr. Stevens graduated from the literary department of the Michigan University in 1866, and from the law department of that institution in 1868, and at once began the practice of his profession at Port Huron, and was so engaged without interruption until January 1, 1882, when he assumed the duties of circuit judge of the sixteenth judicial circuit. HESTOR L. STEVENS Was born at Lima, New York, October, 1803; received an academical education; studied law, was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice in Rochester, N. Y., where he was also connected with the press. He attained eminence as an attorney, removed to Michigan in 1845, and locating at Pontiac engaged in practice. He was prosecuting attorney of Oakland county in 1847 and 1848. He was elected Representative to congress in 1852, as a Democrat, receiving 10,746 votes against 8,948 votes for Bradley, Whig, and 1,048 votes for Calkins, Free Soil. He served from December 5, 1853 to March 3, 1855. In 1854 he was defeated as a candidate for re-nomination. Soon after the expiration of his term he removed to Washington, where he practiced before the court of claims. He was an able lawyer, and a man of high social position. He died in Georgetown, D. C, May 7, 1864. MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY. 611 HORACE STEVENS, Representative from Oakland county in 1845, was born in Sharon Conn., August 29, 1799. He came to Michigan in 1835, was in business a mill owner and speculator, in politics a Democrat. Was a prominent local politician, and a man of wealth and position. Was one of the commissioners that located the state prison, and was also a judge. Was prominent in securing the Clinton and Kalamazoo canal. He gave the casting vote in the congressional convention which nominated Kinsley S. Bingham to congress the first term. He died in March, 1849. JOHN J. STEVENS, Representative from Monroe county in 1867, was born in Cleveland, Ohio. Oct. 17, 1823. By occupation a builder, in politics a Republican. He came to Monroe, Michigan, in 1834, where he now resides. Has been alderman and supervisor. He was captain of Co. K, 18th Michigan infantry, from June 18, 1862, until the • regiment was mustered out in June, 1865. STEPHEN R. STEVENS, Representative from Montcalm county in 1877-79, was born near Geneva, N. Y., Dec. 19, 1826. He received an education at Hobart college, Geneva. He was engaged in teaching for a number of years. He removed to Michigan in 1863, and became a citizen of Greenville in 1866. He has filled various ofiices of trust. He is by occupation, a merchant, in politics a Republican. WILLIAM C. STEVE N:S, Auditor General from 1883 to 1887, was born at Plymouth, Mich., Nov. 14, 1837, and from 1846 to 1861 resided at Whitmore Lake. He entered the service as a lieutenant in the 3d Michigan cavalry in 1861, was discharged in 1862 for disability, but in the fall of that year became a captain in the 9th Michigan cavalry, and was pro- moted to major, serving until the close of the war. Studied law and graduated from the University law class of 1868, went into practice at East Tawas, served as prosecuting attorney, and ten years county treasurer. In politics a Republican. Now resides at Ann Arbor. 612 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. WILLIAM N. STEVENS Was born at Elizabeth, N. J. , April 29, 1813, He learned the trade of a carpenter and worked at it for several years. He moved from New York city to Plymouth, Mich. , in 1834, and from there to Whit- more Lake in 1847. He was engaged in mercantile business from 1847 to 1872. He was a Representative from Washtenaw county in 1861-2. He was county clerk in 1872. In 1882 removed to Ann Arbor, where he now resides. EDWIN STEWART Was born at Cambria, N. Y., August 28, 1819. He came to Michigan in 1837. In 1839 he taught school in Pine Lake, Oakland county. He attended the branch of the State University at Kalamazoo, gradu- ated as a physician at Rush medical college, Chicago, in 1850, and since that time has been a practicing physician. He resides at Men- don. He was a Representative in 1861-2-3-4-5, as a Republican. He was postmaster at Mendon during President Arthur's administration. JAMES STEWART, Representative from Wayne county in 1869-70, was born near Glas- gow, Scotland, in 1830. His early occupations were machine work and railroading. He came to the United States in 1851. After a year spent in Penn Yan, N. Y., he removed to Michigan, settling in Van Buren, Wayne county, where he engaged in lumbering. He is still in the same business in the village of Belleville, although for several years he carried on a flouring mill at New Boston. He has always been a Democrat. He has been honored with various offices, and is now a justice. WILLIAM W. STICKNEY, Judge of the 6th circuit from 1881 to 1888, was born in Shoreham, Vt., January 30, 1832, received an academical education; taught school; graduated irom the Poughkeepsie law school in 1855, and studied elsewhere. He was admitted in 1856, and commenced prac- tice at Lapeer, where he now resides. He was two years prosecuting attorney, and served on the school board many years, and was its president. In politics a Democrat. Resides on a farm. He was defeated for re-election in 1886. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 613 ELI L. STILLSON, Representative from Calhoun county in 1845, was born in Scipio, N. Y., May 20, 1804. When young he removed witk his father to Rochester, N. Y. , and was in the mercantile business in early life. In 1836 he came to Battle Creek, Mich., and devoted himself to the profession of law. He held the offices of master in chancery and justice. His court was regarded as a model in point of dignity, pre- cision and practice. Died November 11, 1863. J03EPH W. STINCHCOMB, Representative from Barry county in 1877, was born in Perry county, Ohio, July 2, 1828. He removed to Seneca county, Ohio, in 1830. Received a common school education. In 1860 he removed to Michi- gan and settled in Sunfield, Eaton county, removed again to Wood- land, Barry county, where he now resides. He has held the offices of school inspector, highway commissioner, and justice. Jn politics a Republican. FRANCIS B. STOCKBRIDGE, Of Kalamazoo, was born in Bath, Me., April 9, 1826. Became a clerk at Boston at the age of sixteen, and remained there until 1847, then became a lumber dealer in Chicago. In 1850 engaged in the manu- facture of lumber in Allegan county, which he continued until 1874. With O. R. Johnson as partner has been heavily engaged in lumber- ing in the upper peninsula, is largely interested in silver mining, and in southern pine. He was a Representative in the Michigan legisla- ture of 1869-70, and Senator in 1871-2. He was a Whig, but a Repub- lican since 1854. He declined the position of minister to the Hague in 1867. He is largely engaged in the breeding of fine horses with S, A. Brown of Kalamazoo. In 1887 was elected United States Senator and his term will expire in 1898. JOHN STOCKTON Was born in Lancaster, Pa., Dec. 24, 1798, and when young removed with his parents to Chillicothe, O., became a clerk, and served in the war of 1812, and was in command of Fort Maiden when peace was declared. In 1815 was the private secretary of Gov. Cass, and in 1816 became a Detroit merchant. Removed to Mt. Clemens, and was post- master there three years, also county clerk and register of Macomb county. He was a justice of the peace from 1819 to 1874. He was a 68 614 MTCHIGAK BIOGEAPHY. member of the territorial council from 1824 to IS'62, and again in 1834; Senator in 1835; Representative in 1840-1-50, and speaker pro tern, in 1850. In 1824 he was government superintendent of the Lake Superior copper mines. He raised the 8th Michigan cavalry in 1862, and escorted it to the field, two of his sons being captains in the regi- ment. Deceased. ]\IARTIN P. STOCKWELL, Member of the constitutional convention of 1867, was born in Cato, N. Y., and located a farm in Dover, Lenawee county, in 1837. Has held the offices of justice and supervisor, and for eight years was county superintendent of the poor. Politically a Republigan. CAMERON C. STODDARD, Representative from Tuscola county in 1861-2, was born in Essex county, N. Y., in February, 1830. By occupation a farmer, in poli- tics a Republican. He came to Michigan from western New York in 1858. Enlisted as a private in company A, 29th Michigan infantry, in 1864, and returned home in September, 1865, with a commission as 1st lieutenant; He was supervisor several terms, and clerk of Tuscola county from 1872 to 1876. Died January 24. 1876. JESSE STODDARD Was born in Litchfield, Conn., July 3, 1792. He married in 1814, removed to Genesee county, N. Y. , in 1816, and from there to Hills- dale county in 1836, By occupation a farmer. He was a Repre- sentative in the legislature of 1849. WILLIAM STODDARD Was born August 31, 1821, in Sheldon, N. Y., received a common school education, came to Michigan in 1836, and settled as a farmer in Litchfield, Hillsdale county. He was a Representative in 1857, and Senator in 1871-2-3. A Republican in politics. He died in 1873. CHARLES W. STONE, Representative from Newaygo county in 1883, was born in the county of Warren, N. Y., June 2, 1833, and received his education in the common schools. He came to Michigan in 1854, and settled in I MICHIGAlf BIOGRAPHY. 615 Newaygo county, where he has resided since. He is a farmer and breeder of short horn cattle, and has lumber interests. He has been, nine times elected supervisor of his township, and twice elected county treasurer. Was a National in politics. CLEMENT W. STONE, Representative from Roscommon and other counties in 1877, was born May 30, 1840, in Gloucester, Mass. In 1843 he removed to Michigan and located in Kalamazoo. He received an academical education. In 1861 enlisted as commissary sergeant in the sixth regi- ment, Mich, volunteers, and was promoted to the captaincy of Co. D of that regiment. At the close of the war he held the position of inspector general of the district of south Alabama and west Florida. In 1866, in connection with his brother, he purchased the Kalamazoo weekly Telegraph, and afterwards established the daily Telegraph. In 1872 he located at Houghton Lake. In 1874 he was elected supervisor of Roscommon township, at that time being attached to Midland county. In 1875 he was elected county treasurer of Roscommon county. He was engaged in farming and real estate. In politics a Republican. Deceased. HIRAM STONE, Representative from Monroe county in 1844-5-8, was a lawj^er in fine practice at Monroe. Died while on his way to California. JOHN W. STONE, Representative in congress from 1877 to 1881, was born in Wads- worth, O., July 18, 1838. He received a common and select school education, came to Michigan in 1836, and taught school four winters. He was clerk of Allegan county two terms. Studied law, was admitted in 1862, and was prosecuting attorney of Allegan county from 1865 to 1871. Was elected circuit judge in 1873, resigned in 1874, and went into practice at Grand Rapids. After the close of his second term in congress was U. S. district attorney for western Michigan until 1885. Now in practice at Houghton, Mich. A Republican in politics. 616 MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY. WALES F. STORES Was born at Westport, N. Y. , Jan. 19, 1816. He received the educa- tion of common schools, moved with his parents to Portage county, Ohio, in 1834, worked on a farm until 1836, and then taught school for several years. In 1859 he removed to Grand Haven, Michigan, and engaged in lumbering. In 1867 he was a Representative, and in 1871-2 a Senator. A Whig until 1854, then a Republican. WILLIAM L. STOUGHTON, Attorney General 1867-9, and Representative in congress 1869-73, was born in Bangor, N. Y. , March 20, 1827. Received an academical edu- cation, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1851. He was prosecuting attorney of St. Joseph county, 1855-9, and for some time U. S. district attorney for Michigan. He resigned, became lieutenant colonel of the 11th Michigan infantry, became colonel April 1, 1862, lost a leg in battle, was made brigadier general, and at the close of the war major general, "for gallantry in the field." He practiced law several years at Grand Rapids, then resumed practice at his old home in Sturgis, where he died in the spring of 1888. BYRON G. STOUT, Representative from Oakland county in 1857-9, speaker in 1859, and Senator in 1861-2, was born near Canandaigua, N. Y., in 1829, and became a resident of Oakland county, Mich., in 1831. He graduated from the State University in 1851. Studied law one year, devoted eight years to teaching, and since has given most of his time to agriculture and real estate. In 1862 he was the union-democratic nominee for governor, but was defeated. A Republican until 1862, since a Democrat. Was the democratic nominee for congress in 1868 and 1870, and for State Senator in 1883, was a delegate to the repub- lican national convention in 1856, and to the democratic national con- ventions of 1868, 1880, and 1888. Resides at Pontiac. DAVID B. STOUT, Representative in the legislature of 1838, settled at Allegan, Michigan^ in 1836. In politics a Whig. He removed to New Jersey in the forties, was a Free Soiler in 1848, became a preacher, and died in that state. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 617 ISAAC STOW, Representative from Livingston county in 1875, was born in Wey- bridge, Vt., Dec. 10, 1830. In 1836 he came with his parents to the western part of Livingston county. He had the advantage of a good high school for some months. He has filled nearly every position in the gift of his township, and with the exception of three years has held the office of supervisor since 1865. He is engaged in agriculture. In politics a Democrat. ALEXANDER H. STOWELL, Senator from Wayne county in 1853, was born in Vermont in 1808. He came to Michigan at an early day, and was a bookbinder by trade. He identified himself with the business of Detroit, and became a trader in a general way, especially in real estate. He was alderman 1850-3, and served as assessor and city marshal at various times. Was a Democrat in politics. Deceased. JAMES J. STRANG Was born at Scipio, N. Y., March 21, 1813, and was the son of a farmer. He received a common school education, followed by a short term at Fredonia academy. When young he became a con- spicuous debater in the rural clubs, and had a morbid desire for distinction. At the age of twelve he joined the Baptist church, and was for some time an active member. He was restlessly active, taught school, delivered temperance addresses, worked on his father's and other farms, and at the age of twenty-one commenced the study of law. He was admitted to the bar in 1836, and soon after married Mary Perce. He practiced law at Mayvilleand Ellington, N. Y., and was postmaster at Ellington. In 1843 he emigrated to Burlington, Wisconsin, and formed a law partnership with C. P. Barnes. In 1844 he visited Nauvoo, 111., the Mormon headquarters, was speedily converted and baptized into that faith. He was authorized by Joseph Smith, as an elder and minister, to establish a Mormon colony in Wisconsin. Strang founded his colony at Voree, (now Spring Prairie) Wisconsin, and published the Voree Herald. The colony grew. In May, 1847, he explored the Beaver Islands, and made it his headquarters. St. James was named from him, and in 1850 the colony elected him king. He then published the Northern Islander, and the saints became the owners of homesteads. In 1849 his first wife left him, and he had another wife in 1851, a second in 1853, and 618 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. two others in 1855. In July, 1856, he was murdered on Beaver Island, and was buried at Spring Prairie, Wis. He was a Represent- ative in 1853-5, as a Democrat. He was a man of ability, and aside from polygamy, of upright character, scholarly life and studious habits, and a good writer and speaker. SAMUEL STREET, Representative from Berrien county in 1850, was a native of North Carolina. He located a farm in Bertrand, Berrien county, in 1835, and built a double log house, where he lived until his death in 1861. He was a supervisor of Bertrand. RANDOLPH STRICKLAND Was born at Dansville, N. Y., February 4, 1823, and died May 5, 1881, His grandfather was a revolutionary soldier. His education was obtained under great diflaculties, mostly at night by the light of burning pine knots. From sixteen to twenty-one he was employed in a saw-mill, working sixteen hours a day. In 1844 he taught school in Ingham county, Michigan. For five years he was engaged in studying and working, and was admitted to the bar in 1849. After a short time i?pent in practice at Detroit, he was elected prosecuting attorney of Clinton county, and held that position for eight years. He first resided at Dewitt, after that at St. Johns. He was a delegate to the republican national convention of 1856; a Senator in 1861-2; provost marshal, 1863-5; and Representative in congress 1869-71. He was a Republican in politics. DANIEL STRIKER, Secretary of State from 1871 to 1875, was born in Rose, N. Y., April 9, 1835, and came with his parents to Concord, Mich., the same year. In 1851 they moved to Baltimore, Barry county. He became a clerk at Hastings from 1855 to 1858. He was clerk of Barry county six years; deputy county clerk three years; supervisor and chairman of county board; was admitted to the bar in 1870; has been engaged in the drug and hardware trade, and a national bank director. He is chairman of the Albion college endowment fund committee, and devotes his time to that and to banking. In politics a Republican. MICHIGAI5" BIOGRAPHY. 619 GILBERT STRIKER, Bepresentative from Barry county in 1873-4, was born in Washing- ton, N. Y., October 13, 1811. In 1818 his parents removed to Wayne county, N. Y. He received a common school education. In 1835 removed to Michigan and settled in Concord, Jackson county. In 1852 he removed to Baltimore, Barry county, where he now resides. He has served in several responsible positions in his township. A farmer by occupation, and a Republican in poUtics. OLIVER P. STROBRIDGE, Representative from Lapeer county in 1850, was born in Claremont, N. H., June 1, 1818. By profession a physician. He came to Michi- gan in 1840, and lived at Farmington until 1845, when he removed to Almont, and practiced his profession until 1873. Then went to Cali- fornia for his health and did not return to Almont until a short time before his death, Feb. 1, 1880. JOHN STRONG, Representative from Wayne county in 1835-6, was a native of Eng- land, born 1799. He came to Michigan in 1833, was a farmer by occupation, and died March 35, 1881. His son (of the same name) has since held seats both in the House and Senate, from Wayne and Monroe counties. JOHN STRONG, Jr., Was born in GreenjBeld, Michigan, April 7, 1831. He received a com- mon school education and followed farming until 1863, when he removed to South Rjckwood, Monroe county, and engaged in mill- ing, in manufacturing staves, heading, and lumber, in merchandise, farming and raising short horn stock. In 1861-2 he was a Repre- sentative from Wayne county, in 1879 in the same position from Monroe county, and in 1881-3-3 was a Senator from Monroe county. In politics a Democrat. MYRON STRONG Was born and brought up in Rochester, N. Y. He removed to Cass county, Michigan, in 1835, and settled on a farm near Edwardsburg. In 1838 he was elected an associate judge of the county. He was a Representative in 1841. He sold his farm in 1847 and returned to Rochester, N. Y., where he lived until the close of the late war, when he removed to Florida, and died there about 1873. 620 MICHIGAN- BIOGRAPHY. SYLVESTER A. STRONG, Representative from Jackson county in 1879, was born Sept. 10, 1833, in St. Lawrence county, N. Y. ; removed to Michigan in 1835, and became a resident of Jackson county in 1840. He received a com- mon school education, and chose a farmer's life. He has held many offices, including treasurer, highway commissioner, and justice. Politics, national. JOHN STRUBLE, Representative from Cass county in lb75, was born in Union county, Pa., Feb. 9, 1823, removed to Michigan in 1846, and settled at Three Rivers, St. Joseph county. He received a common school education, and held the offices of supervisor and justice. His occupation is farming. In politics a Democrat. CHARLES E STUART Was born at Canaan Corners, Columbia county, New York, Novem- ber 25, 1810. His father soon removed to Waterloo, X. Y., where he received the education of common and grammar schools. At the age of nineteen he commenced the study of law, and was admitted to the bar of Seneca county. In 1835 he settled at Kalamazoo, Mich., and began his distinguished career as a lawyer and politician. In 1842 he was Representative in the state legislature; from 1847 to 1849, and from 1851 to 1853 he was Representative in congress; and from 1853 to 1859 was United States Senator from Michigan. He attained high reputation as a lawyer, speaker and legislator. His personal appear- ance was faultless; he was at once commanding and graceful; just above the medium height, and compactly built. A fine eye lighted up a (lassie head and face. In his legal contests he never lost poise or temper, never used manuscript or notes, and never abused a wit- ness or opponent. As a public speaker he was always in demand. In words, look, tone and gesture he carried art to the highest finish. With great intellectual endowments, keen perception and courage, he attained high position at the bar, and in the political arena. In the Senate he was a fine presiding officer. On account of ill health, he retired from practice and public life many years ago. He was a dele- gate at large from Michigan to the democratic national convention in 1860, and was the leader of the Douglass delegates. He was also a delegate at large to the democratic national convention in 1868, and was a delegate to the union convention at Philadelphia in 1866. For MICHIGAK BIOGRAPHY. 621 the last seventeen years of his life he was an invalid, but never lost his interest in public affairs. He raised the 13th Michigan infantry in 1862. He died at Kalamazoo May 19, 1887. DAVID STUART Was born in the state of New York; removed to Detroit, Michigan; was elected a Representative from Michigan in the thirty-third con- gress as a Democrat, receiving 10,125 votes against 9,370 votes for Howard, Whig, and 605 for Dexter, Free Soiler, serving from Dec. 5, 1853, to March 3, 1855. PATRICK STUART, Representative from Wayne county in 1887, was born at Tulnagingay, Fermanagh county, Ireland, March 17, 1820. His father was a mechanic, and died leaving a widow and four children, of which Patrick was next to the youngest. In a few years their means were exhausted, and when the subject of this sketch was but seven years old he was compelled to help make his own living. Afterwards he traveled through Ireland, Scotland and England, and finally, in 1843, sailed for America, where he learned the brass molder's trade, married and settled in Detroit, where he has resided about thirty- seven years, working at his trade until three years ago, when he was made sewer inspector. Mr. Stuart is a Democrat, and was elected Representative by a vote of 12,255. • ROBERT STUART Was born at Callander, Perthshire, Scotland, in 1785. He received a fair education, and at the request of his uncle, David Stuart, then an agent of the northwest company, he came to Montreal, Canada, when twenty-two years of age. There he made himself master of the French language, and subsequently entered the office of the attorney general of the province. He, with his uncle, John Jacob Astor, and others, in 1810 became partners in a scheme for establishing trading posts on the Pacific coast and its rivers. In September, 1810, the Stuarts with a crew of fifty-one sailed for the mouth of the Columbia river, where they founded Astoria, and established several trading posts on the Columbia and its tributaries. The war of 1812 compelled them to sell out to the northwest fur co., and Mr. Stuart with a party of six traveled overland irom Astoria to New York. In 1817 he removed to the island of Mackinac as the general agent of the 69 62'^ MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. American fur company, which he successfully managed until 1835, when the business was closed out and he removed to Detroit, invest- ing largely in real estate. He became a director in the old bank of Michigan, and was appointed state treasurer in 1840, which position he held nearly one year. He was a ruling elder in the Presbyterian church. In all religious matters his place was in the front rank. He died October 29, 1848. DAVID STURGIS, Senator from Clinton county in 1851, was born in Brant county, Ontario, March 10, 1810. By occupation a merchant; in politics a Democrat. Came to Detroit in 1837 and engaged in peddling for the wholesale house of Beecher & Abbott, making his trips by the way of Pontiac and DeWitt to Grand Rapids, which gave him an oppor- tunity to find a place to settle. Commenced mercantile business at Portland, then removed to De Witt in 1840, and remained there mer- chandizing and milling until the founding of St. Johns, in which he took an active part with Auditor General Swegles and others in 1853-4. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1850; associate judge in 1842; supervisor of De Witt in 1850 and 1853; and trustee of the union school at St. Johns. Fond of pioneer life he took pride in the advancement of the state, and was a great favorite of the Indians, speaking their language fluently. Died in February, 1864. JAMES SULLIVAN Was born in Exeter, N. H., Dec. 6, 1811, and was of illustrious ances- try, his grandfather being General Sullivan of the revolution, who was governor of New Hampshire from 1786 to 1789, and representa- tive in congress. His father, George Sullivan, was an eminent law- yer, and was attorney general of New Hampshire, and representative in congress. James Sullivan graduated from Dartmouth college at the age of eighteen, studied and practiced law at Concord, N. H., in 1837 came to Niles, Michigan, soon after removing to Edwardsburg and thence to Cassopolis. He was a practitioner at the bar of Cass county from 1838 to 1878, and was an able lawyer. He was prosecut- ing attorney from 1852 to 1854. In 1853 he removed to Dowagiac, where he resided until his death in August, 1878. He was Senator in 1855, and a member of the constitutional convention of 1850. He there made a speech on the grand jury system which was regarded as a masterpiece of eloquence and logic. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 623 JACOB SUMMERS Was born in the state of New Jersey, Jan. 7, 1787. He was by occu- pation a farmer, in politics a Democrat. His father became a judge of records in Philadelphia. The son settled in Shelby, Macomb county, in 1831. He was supervisor in 1836; Representative in the legislature of 1835 and 1836; Senator in 1837-8-9-40-9 and 1850, and associate judge of Macomb county. He was a man of strong mind, but uneducated, indolent and eccentric. But as a legislator he had great influence, and often defeated the strongest men of the State in legislation. He was familiarly known as '*Uncle Jake." He died July 25, 1863. JOHN J. SUMNER Was born April 17, 1832, in Sodus, N. Y., and received the education of common schools. In 1847 he emigrated with his parents to Bed- ford, Monroe county, where he now resides. Has'been postmaster at Lambert ville twenty-two years; justice eight years; supervisor five years; Representative in the legislature in 1871-2; and Senator in 1873- 4. Occupation general merchant and farmer. A Republican until 1884, since a Prohibitionist. JAMES B. SUTHERLAND Was born in North Castle, N. Y. He became a clerk'in the dry goods with T. Peck, on Cedar street, New York city. He went to Missouri in 1840, and in 1841 engaged in mercantile and lumber business at St. Joseph, Michigan, had a lumber yard at Chicago, and was in the trade for twenty years. He was a member of the legislature in 1855 as a temperance democrat, spoke and voted for the^Maine law and free railroads. Married the daughter of J. B. Lame in 1853; an inde- pendent Democrat up to 1884, now a Prohibitionist. A deacon in the Congregational church at St. Joseph, which is still his home. JABEZ G. SUTHERLAND Was born in Onondaga county, N. Y., Oct. 6, 1825; removed with his father to Genesee county in 1836. He studied law and was admitted in 1848. In 1849 he began practice in Saginaw City, and became prosecuting attorney of the county. In 1850 he was a member of the state constitutional convention. In 1853 he was a Representative in the state legislature. After that he devoted himself to his practice with signal success. In 1858 he was the democratic candidate for 624 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. attorney general. In 1863 he was elected circuit judge of the tenth circuit, ana was re-elected in 1869 without opposition. He acquired distinction as a judge. In 1867 he was a delegate to the state consti- tutional convention. In 1870 he was elected to the 47th congress, serving one term. He is now practicing law with success at Salt Lake City. EDWIN SUTTON Was born in Ulster county, N. Y., April 1, 1821. He settled in Mason township, Cass county, Michigan, in 1846. He was a farmer and dis- trict school teacher, and town clerk and school inspector. Was a Democrat until 1854, then a Republican. He was Representative in the Michigan House of 1857. Died June 12, 1862. GEORGE SUTTON, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1875, was born in Warren county, N. J., February 17, 1810. He came with his father to Michi- gan in 1830, and settled upon a farm of five hundred acres, on which he now dwells, in Northfield, being now and always having been a farmer. He received his education in the common schools. He has held office in his township ever since it was organized, having filled the positions of supervisor, justice of the peace, and other offices. In politics a Democrat. NATHAN E. SUTTON, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1885, was born in North- field, January 17, 1842, upon the farm purchased in 1824 of the United States, by his father's family, who were the first settlers in the town- ship. Here he still resides and follows the occupation of a farmer and dealer in live stock. In early life Mr. Sutton received a good education, passing through the common schools and graduating at the Ann Arbor commercial college in 1861. He has filled the office of supervisor for two terms, and was elected as a Democrat. WILLIAM C. SUTTON, Senator from Wayne county in 1873-4, was born December 3, 1811, in Warwick, N. Y. He was educated in the common schools. In 1857 he emigrated to Michigan, and settled in Battle Creek. In 1865 he removed to the town of Dearborn, Wayne county, where he now MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 625 resides. He has served in several responsible offices in the town where he has resided, and where he now resides, and before leaving New York held various public offices. His occupation is of a miscel- laneous character. JOHN B. SWEETLAND, Eepresentative from Cass county in 1875. was born July 4, 1834, in Tompkins county, N. Y., and removed to Michigan in July , 1861. He was educated at the district schools and New York central college, and is a graduate of the medical department of the University of Buffalo. He enlisted as a private in the fourth Michigan cavalry, serving thirteen months, when he received an appointment upon the medical staff in the regular army. In politics a Republican. JAMES A. SWEEZEY, Representative from Barry county in 1863-4-7, was born at Brook Haven, Long Island, N. Y., September 19, 1828. A lawyer by pro- fession; a Republican in politics. He came to Michigan in 1834, and lived with his parents at Napoleon, Jackson county, until June, 1851, when he settled in Hastings, and was admitted to the bar at Grand Rapids in 1853. He has been prosecuting attorney of Barry county for six years, and was regent of the University of Michigan from 1864 to 1872. Is still in the practice of his profession at Hastings. Has been twice elected and for two years filled the trust of grand chancellor of the order of Knights of Pythias of Michigan. JOHN SWEGLES Was born in Hector, N. Y., April 10, 1819. He commenced the study of medicine at the age of eighteen, and abandoned it to become purser's clerk on the brig Porpoise of the Atlantic coast survey. In 1840 he removed to Jonesville, Michigan. He was clerk of Hillsdale county from 1845 to 1849. In 1850 he was elected auditor general, and served for two terms from 1851 to 1855. In 1853 he selected for a company of which he was a member the site of the present village of 8t. Johns, the land purchased comprising 920 acres. He built a saw-mill and stave house the next year, and employed men to clear the land. The village was named St. Johns as a mark of honor to him. He died many years since. I 626 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHT. JAMES H. SWEENEY, Representative from Lenawee county in 1846, was a physician. He came from the state of New York about 1835, and lived many years at the village of Morenci. Deceased. GEORGE W. SWIFT Was born in Palmyra, N. Y., May 21, 1817. In 1825 he came with his father, Rev. Marcus Swift, to Michigan, the family settling on a farm in Nankin, Wayne county, where he remained until twenty years of age, receiving his education largely at home. In 1837 he went to New York and enjoyed for four years good educational advantages. As a speaker he early distinguished himself in debate, especially upon the subjects of temperance and anti-slavery, and delivered many public addresses. He removed to Lansing with his family and was state librarian from 1857 to 1859. In 1859 he had charge of the state fund for the relief of destitute settlers in Gratiot, Montcalm, Isabella and adjoining counties, and purchased over 120 tons of provisions and supplies, which were loaned, notes being taken in over 2,000 cases. For this work he received the thanks of the stato officers. In politics he was a Republican. He was a Repre- sentative from Wayne county in 1867-9-70. He was sergeant-at- arms of the House Jin 1865. In 1869 he was appointed consul at Windsor, which he held for four years. He died at Northville, Michigan, April 28, 1885. JOHN M. SWIFT Was born in Nankm, Mich., February 11, 1832, and was the youngest son of Rev. Marcus Swift. His early life was that of a farmer's son, and his education was largely obtained at home, with one year at common schools and a short academical course. He commenced the study of medicine in 1851. and graduated iu 1854 at the eclectic medi- cal institute of Cincinnati. He has attained distinction as a physi- cian, and has been elected a member of various medical societies both in this country and in England. He is also a fine tenor singer, has taken great interest in music, and through him, largely, North- ville has a wide reputation as a musical town. In politics a Repub- lican, in religion a Presbyterian. In 1865 he was a Representative, and was one of the commission who located the house of correction at Ionia in 1876. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 627 ORSON SWIFT, Representative from Barry county in 1885, was born in Huntington, Vt., Augusts, 1838. He came to Michigan in 1862, and located in Leroy, Calhoun county. Five years later he removed to Maple Grove, Barry county, where he has since resided. He has always been engaged in the business of farming. He has held the office of super- visor of his township six years. In politics a Fusionist. WILLIAM F. SWIFT, Senator from the thirty-first district, comprising Mackinac, Chip- pewa, Schoolcraft, Delta, Menominee, Marquette and Baraga coun- ties in 1881-2, was born in the town of Sharon, Litchfield county, Conn., July 10, 1848. He removed to Ishpeming, Mich., in 1873. As the Republican candidate for Senator he received 5,257 votes, to 3,001 for AlfredJP. Swineford, Democrat. ALBERT P. SWINEFORD Was born in Ashland, Ohio, September 14, 1836. A printer by trade, in politics a Democrat. He came to Michigan in 1867, and published the Mining and Manufacturing News, the first paper at Negaunee^ He started the Mining Journal, at Marquette, in 1868, and is still! part owner of that paper. Prior to coming to Michigan he had published the Star, at Albert Lea, Minn.; Banner, at La Crescent,. Minn.; started the first daily at La Crosse, Wisconsin; published the Daily Enquirer at Milwaukee, in 1860, and the Democratic Press at. Fond Du Lac, in 1864-5-6. Then was in the oil business in Canada,, then an express messenger, thence to Lake Superior. He was a Representative in the legislature of 1871-2, and was a commissioner to the New Orleans exposition. He was appointed early in the administration of President Cleveland, governor of Alaska, and now fills that position, residing at Sitka. ALEXANDER TACLES, Representative from Macomb county in 1835-6-9, came to Michigan in 1822, and settled at Romeo. He was a farmer by occupation, politically a Democrat. Died April 12, 1855. 628 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. MOSES TAGGART Was born at Wilson, N. Y., February 27, 1843. Is by profession an attorney at law. Mr. Taggart's early life was spent on a farm. He prepared for college at Wilson collegiate institute. He was gradu- ated in the class of 1867, from the law department of the University of Michigan, and was admitted to the bar at Buffalo, N. Y., Decem- ber, 1867. In the fall of 1884, he was elected on the republican ticket attorney general of the state of Michigan, and was re-elected for the same office in 1886, receiving 181,266 votes, to 172,982 for John C. Donnelly, Fusionist, and 25,439 for the Prohibition candidate. LEVI B.- TAFT Was born at Bellingham, Mass., August 6, 1821. He came to Michi- gan in 1834. He graduated at Dartmouth college in 1843, and was admitted to the bar in 1845. He practiced law in Chicago for sixteen years, when he removed to Pontiac, Mich. He practiced there until 1873, when he was elected judge of the 6th circuit. He retired from the bench in 1875, and is still in practice at Pontiac. HENRY P. TAPPAN Was born at Rhinebeck, N. Y., April 18, 1805. His father. Major Peter Tappan, was an officer of the revolution, and took part in the siege of Yorktown. The son at fourteen was left dependent on his own resources, and with great effort and self denial, graduated with high honor at Union college in 1825. Later he received from that college the degree of D.D., and of LL. D. from Columbia college. He studied theology at Auburn, and for three years was pastor of a Con- gregational church at Pittsfield, Mass. , resigning on account of a throat affection. At the age of twenty-seven he was called to the chair of moral and intellectual philosophy in the New York University, where he remained until 1838. He then devoted himself to the study of mental philosophy, and in 1839-40-1 published works which gave him high rank as a thinker throughout the civilized world. He published other works in 1841-51-2-3. He spent two years traveling in Europe, and in 1851 resumed his professorship in the University of New York. In 1852, by a unanimous vote of the regents, he was made president of the University of Michigan, and most ably filled that position until 1863, when he became a resident of Berlin, and afterwards of Vevay, where he closed his life in November, 1881. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 6ii9 HORACE S. TARBELL Was born at Chelsea, Mass., Aug. 19, 1838. He graduated at Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., in 1859. For three years wa? professor of natural sciences in Bellville seminary, Canada; from 1863 to 1865 was principal of Farmerville county grammar school; in 1865 principal of central academy, McGrawville, N. Y. ; from 1866 to 1871 principal of schools in Detroit, and in 1869 organized the evening school in Detroit house of correction; and was superin- tendent of the East Saginaw schools from 1870 to 1877. Elected superintendent of public instruction in 1876, he served from January 1, 1877, until Aug., 1878, when he resigned to accept the position of superintendent of schools at Indianapolis, Ind. TIMOTHY E. TARS'NEY Was born at Ransom, Mich., Feb. 4, 1849; was educated at the common schools; served seven years as a marine engineer, meantime reading law; entered the law department of Michigan University in 1870, and graduated in the class of 1872; was a justice in 1873-74; was city attorney in 1875-6-7-8, when he resigned, serving as exofficio member of the board of supervisors at the same time; was elected to the forty -ninth, and re-elected to the fiftieth congress as a Fusionist, receiving 18,301 votes against 17,615 votes for Horr, Republican, and 1,930 votes for Abbey, Prohibitionist. CHARLES H. TAYLOR Was born at Cooperstown, N. Y., Nov. 20, 1813. He was educated at an academy, and settled in Grand Rapids, Mich., in 1837. Fie was clerk of Kent county for eight years. In 1847-8 was a Representative in the legislature. He was one of filve commissioners who selected sites for the insane asylum at Kalamazoo, and the deaf and dumb asylum at Flint. He was the first secretary of state elected under the constitution of 1850, and served from 1851 to 1853. From 1847 to 1855 he edited the Grand Rapids Enquirer. Later he was chief editor and part proprietor of the Detroit Free Press, but ill health compelled him to retire. In politics a Democrat. Is in business at Grand Rapids. DANIEL W. TAYLOR. Representative from Lapeer county in 1845, was born in the state of New York, Oct. 5, 1804. By occupation a farmer and carriage 70 630 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. maker; politically a Democrat. He was one of the earliest pioneers in Lapeer county. Was postmaster seven years, and justice of the peace several terms. He was a prominent Mason. Died October 10, 1860. GEORGE E. TAYLOR, Senator from Genesee county in 1883, was born in Oakland county, Michigan, March 21, 1838. He received a common school and academical education. He commenced teaching at the age of seven- teen, and continued in that occupation until twenty-eight years of age. He has held the office of school inspector six years, supervisor eight years, register of deeds six years, and been one of the aldermen of the city of Flint for three years. In politics a Republican. HENRY W. TAYLOR, Representative from Calhoun county in 1847, was born in Deerfield, Mass., February 2, 1796. By occupation a lawyer; politically Whig and Republican. He graduated at Yale college in 1816, and received the degree of LL. D. from that institution In 1849. He went to Ontario county, N. Y., in 1816, studied law and practiced until 1840, when he removed to Marshall, Michigan, to practice his profession. He took high rank as a lawyer, and was learned and eloquent. He returned to Canandaigua, N. Y., in 1848, was a member of the legislature of that state four years, and judge of the county and Supreme Court. He was appointed judge of the court of appeals in 1850. He was made a corporate member of the A. B. C. F. M. in 1846. He now resides at Canandaigua, and in a letter written in July, 1887, at the age of 91^ years, he says: "Am waiting for the end of life to come." LORISON J. TAYLOR, Representative from Shiawassee county in 1874-5, was born at North Raisinville, Mich., June 30. 1842. He fitted for and entered the University at Ann Arbor, but in 1861 enlisted in the 2d Michigan infantry, serving until Nov. , 1863, when he was discharged from wounds received at Fort Saunders. He re-enlisted in 1865, and became a captain in the 11th Michigan infantry, serving until September of that year. Resides at Laingsburg, and is a farmer. He was a Senator in 1877. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 631 WILLIAM H. TAYLOR, Representative from Saginaw county in 1 865-7, was a native of the state of New York, born Feb. 9, 1816. Was a resident of Michigan in 183T-8, but returned to New York, kept hotel two years, then for two years was in business at Harrisburg, Pa. Then sold patents until 1846, then moved to Ontario, Canada, engaged in lumbering and ran grist and woolen mills. Made his home at Saginaw, Mich., in 1856, was a lumberman until 1865, then kept the Taylor house until 1870. He removed to St, Louis, Mich., built the Eastman house and kept it until 1874. Deceased. CONRAD TEN EYCK Was a name identified with the history of Michigan for more than half a century. Mr. Ten Eyck was of Dutch extraction, born in Albany N. Y., July 17, 1782. He came to Detroit in 1801. His early occupation was that of a merchant, to which he added farming by the purchase of a farm in Dearborn, which was his family residence during the greater part of his life, although his own time was largely spent in Detroit. Mr. Ten Eyck's first record is as one of the protestants against the brutal expulsion order of the British General Proctor in 1813. He was county treasurer from 1817 to 1825, and a member of the first constitutional convention in 1835. He was Senator in 1835- 6-7, resigning in the latter year to accept the appointment of U. S. marshal under President Van Buren, which office he held until 1841. He was a Representative in 1846. He was a Democrat of undoubted orthodoxy, was a man of energy and purpose, of decided character, and by reason of these traits, of marked influence during his active life. Died Aug. 21, 1847. PETER TERNES, Representative from Wayne county in 1869-70, was born in Germany in 1831, and came to America with his parents during his minority. His occupation was that of a farmer in Greenfield for many years, during which he held various local offices, including that of super- visor for six years. He removed to Detroit in 1870, and has since been more or less in the service of the city, being now assistant receiver of taxes. Politics, democratic. HARRIET A. TENNEY, State Librarian from April, 1869, until the present time, was the eld- est daughter of John L. and Delia'(Doud) Edgerton, and was born in 632 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. Essex, Vt., April 1, 1834. She was educated at Franklin academy; taught several terms; married J. Eugene Tenney in 1854, and the}^ removed to Homer, Mich., where they both engaged in teaching. They had charge of the union school at Marshall from the fall of 1855 until April, 1859, when she removed to Lansing with her husband, and succeeded him as state librarian in April, 1859, to which position she was appointed by Gov. Baldwin; believed to be the first appoint- ment of a woman to such a position in this country. She still holds the office by successive appointments of Governors Baldwin, Bagley, Croswell, Jerome, Begole, Alger and Luce. During the war she was the president of the Lansing military aid society; several years presi- dent of the ladies soldiers' monument association; also of the Lan- sing woman's club; director of the Lansing library and literary asso- ciation, and the able and efficient recording secretary of the state pioneer society since its organization, April 22, 1874, and still holds that position. JESSE E. TENNEY, State Librarian from 1859 to 1869, was born at Orwell, Vt., July 23, 1816, and received his education at Brandon academy and Middlebury college, where he graduatad in 1838. He went south and was admit- ted to the bar of Alabama in 1839. He traveled extensively in Europe and acted as a commercial agent at Padua, Venice, Marseilles and Lyons, returning in 1849. He practiced law at Franklin, Vt. In 1853 married Harriet A. Edgerton, and the same year became princi- pal of the schools at Homer, Mich. ; was there two years, then for^ four years was superintendent of the schools at Marshall. Now resides at Lansing. Has been recorder and acting mayor, member of the board of education, U. S. circuit court commissioner, and engaged in law practice, real estate and insurance business. Has delivered many addresses and orations, and is a man of literary taste, fine cultivation and extensive reading. A Republican in poli- tics. HENRY D. TERRY, Representative from Macomb county in 1848, was born in Hartford, Conn., in 1814. By profession a lawyer, politically first Whig, then Republican. He came to Michigan in 1842, and located at Mt. Clem- ens, where he practiced his profession until 1855, when he removed to Detroit and practiced law there until 1861. June 15, 1861, he was commissioned colonel of the oth Michigan infantry, and took the field in September. The regiment took part in many battles, and made MICHIGAK BIOGRAPHY. 633 the first successful bayonet charge at Williamsburg, taking the ene- my's works, and leaving sixty-three rebel dead in the enemy's rifle pits, all killed by the bayonet. Generals McClellan, Kearney and Barry all wrote highly complimentary letters in praise of the regi- ment. Colonel Terry was wounded in this action. He was made a brigadier general July 18, 186^, and continued in service until Feb. 7, 1865, \Nhen he resigned. He located at Washington, D. C, and practiced law until his death, June 29, 1869. While a resident of Detroit he was prosecuting attorney of Wayne county. He was a man of brilliant talent, and of fine personal bearing. GEORGE W. THAYER Was born in Heath, Mass., Dec. 19, 1809. He came to Michigan in 1849, and is a resident of Flint. Is a Republican, and was a Repre- sentative in 1863-4 and 5. NAHUM P. THAYER, Representative from Wayne county in 1837-8-40, was born at St. Thomas, Ontario, July 31, 1802, and died on his farm near Detroit, Oct. 26, 1851. He came to Greenfield, Mich., in 1820, and located a farm still occupied by his descendants. He built the first three miles of the Chicago turnpike, now Michigan avenue, Detroit. He held various local ofiices, and was a colonel of the state militia. In politics a Democrat. SIMEON M. THAYER Was born January 17, 1841, in Halderman county, Ontario, Canada. He came with his parents to Michigan in 1852, and settled in Sanilac county. He was Representative in 1871-2, In the spring of 1872 he removed to the northwestern country, where he was a sheriff in 1885- 6. In politics a Republican, in business a real estate dealer. GEORGE THOMAS Was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., Dec. 23, 1812. He emigrated to Michigan in 1837, and settled on a farm in Ross, Kalamazoo county. He was a Whig until 1854, and served several times as supervisor. As a Republican he was a Representative in 1859-63-4, Senator in 1851-69- 70. He became a resident of Barry county in 1855. Now acts with the greenback party. 634 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. HENRY F. THOMAS, Representative from Allegan county in 1873 and Senator in 1875, was born in Jackson county, Mich., Dec. 17, 1843. He entered Albion college in 1859, and remained two years. In 1862 he enlisted in the 7th Michigan cavalry, and rose to the rank of first lieutenant, serving through the war. He graduated from the medical department of the Michigan University in 1868, ^nd is in practice at Allegan. JOHN THOMAS, Representative from Oakland county in 1846, was born in Alleghany, Pa., 1803. When young he removed with his parents to Penn Yan, N. Y., and from there to Farmington, Mich., in 1835. He was a part- ner of Daniel S. Lee in a large mercantile business, which he con- tinued after his partner removed. In company with Charles P. Bush and Daniel S. Lee, he purchased in 1847 a tract of land in Lansing, just south of the school section on which the capitol was located, now a part of the city. They opened a store on the east side of Grand river, and sold goods for six years. They also built the Benton, now Everett house. The first postoffice was in their store. He returned to Farmington in 1852, and died March 18, 1863. WILLIAM THOMAS, Representative from Van Buren county in 1875, was born in Wash- ington county, N. Y., March 20, 1815. He became a resident of Mich- igan in 1843. He is a farmer by occupation, in politics a Liberal. Has been supervisor of Hartford seven years, town clerk and treasurer eight years, justice four years. He was active in securing $15,000 from the town to aid in building a raiiroad connection. Resides at Hartford. ZIMRI D. THOMAS, Representative from Hillsdale county in 1865, was born at Rowe, Mass., Sept. 16, 1809, and removed to central New York in 1820. He was for six years postmaster at Hamburgh, N. Y. Came to Michigan in 1835, and was three years supervisor of Allen. Has been coroner, and a justice for many years. Now resides at Hillsdale. A Repub- lican in politics. I MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 635 ALMON A. THOMPSON, Representative from Eaton county in 1869, was born in Richmond, Vt., March 26, 1829, and removed to Avon, O., in 1840. He graduated from Oberlin college in 1854, and from the medical department of the Michigan University in 1856. Hft was assistant surgeon of the 12th Michigan infantry and afterwards of the 11th cavalry. Practiced as a physician at Vermontville. From 1870 until 1878 was consul at Goderich, Canada. Now in practice at Flint, is physician to the deaf and dumb institute, and a member of the local pension board. In politics a Republican. ALBERT THOMPSON, Senator from Van Buren county in 1875, was born in Water bury, Vt., April 28, 1831. He was educated at Oberlin college, and graduated from the medical department of the University of Michigan. He removed to Michigan in 1860, and enlisted in the third Michigan cav- alry when it was organized in 1861; was made hospital steward; after- wards promoted to lieutenant,next as assistant surgeon, and finally sur- geon, and was mustered out with his regiment in 1866. He has held the office of supervisor of South Haven for two terms. He is a practicing physician. In politics a Republican. CHARLES C. THOMPSON, Representative from Muskegon county in 187.S-4, was born in Beek- mantown, N. Y., June 4, 1831. He received a common school educa- tion. In 1857 removed to Michigan, and settled in Whitehall, Muske- gon county, where he still resides. He has been president of the common council, trustee of the village, and held other responsible offices. By occupation a lumberman. GEORGa W. THOMPSON, Representative from Kent county in 1883, was born March 3. 1844, in the township of Florida (now Jefferson), Hillsdale county, Michigan. Received his education at the schools of Hillsdale, and at Oberlin college. Admitted to the bar in 1869, at Hillsdale. Has resided in Grand Rapids since 1874. HENRY W. THOMPSON, Representative in 1887 from thfe counties of Delta and Iron, was born in Brooklyn, Mich., July 14, 1847, but soon removed with his parents 636 MICHIGAl!^^ BIOGRAPHY. to Tyrone, Livingston county. Educated in common schools. In 1864 enlisted as a private in the 10th Michigan infantry, and served until the close of the war. At the age of twenty-four became a minister and has preached in Ingham, Shiawassee, Baraga and Delta counties. In politics a Republican. JEREMIAH D. THOMPSON Was born in Dutchess county, N. Y., in 1790. He settled on a farm in Madison, Lenawee county, in 1834. He was several years super- visor, and justice many years. He was Representative in 1848 and 1853. He died at Hudson, February 16, 1873. ROBERT THOMPSON, Representative from Macomb county in 1859, came into Macomb county when a boy and taught school some years in Mt. Clemens, and then sold goods several years. He removed to New Baltimore, and was book-keeper for Hiron Hathaway several years; then was in the employ of F. B. Merrill, then removed to Marine City. Later he was elected county treasurer of St. Clair county, and died while holding that office. First a Whig, then a Republican. ROBERT R. THOMPSON Moved into Washtenaw county at an early day. He settled on a farm in Caledonia, Shiawassee county, in 1837. He was connected with A. McArthur in a saw-mill, and also engaged in commercial ventures in Corunna. He was Representative in the legislature of 1845. He afterwards sold out and removed to Saginaw, where he died several years since. EDWARD H. THOMSON Was born at Kendall, England, June 15, 1810, and came when young, with his parents, to Boston, Mass. He received an academical edu- cation, studied law with Millard Fillmore, and commenced practice at Buffalo, N. Y., in 1832. He located at Atlas, Mich., in 1837, then in Lapeer county, and was appointed prosecuting attorney. He removed to Flint in 1838, and became one of the firm of Bartow & Thomson. He was prosecuting attorney of Genesee county in 1845-6; Senator in 1848-9; Representative in 1859; commissioner of emigra- tion under Gov. Ransom, a portion of the time residing in Germany MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 637 U. S. deputy commissioner to the London exposition in 1851; mem- ber and president of the state military board during the war; mayor and member of the school board of Flint; and the democratic nomi- nee for lieutenant governor in 1880. He was a polished gentleman, well known everywhere, and his splendid Shakesperian library is now in the possession of the Michigan University. Died February 2, 1886. JOHN S. THOMSON, Representative from Sanilac county in 1877-79, was born at Man- chester, England, August 28, 1833. He was educated at the Scotch sessional school at that place, and emigrated to Michigan in 1850, He is a merchant and salt manufacturer. In politics a Republican. CALVIN J. THORPE, Representative from Branch county in 1879, was born Sept. 14, 1884, in Warrensville, Ohio. In 1838 he removed to Volinia, Cass county. In 1859 he graduated from the Michigan Normal school. In 1862 he became principal of the graded schools at Union City. He has also been principal at Eaton Rapids, Paw Paw, Sturgis, and Manchester. In 1875 he bought a controlling interest in the Cold water Reporter y which he sold in 1876, and became connected with Truth for the Peo- ple, in Detroit. In 1877 he removed to Sherwood, Branch county, and became a druggist. In politics a National. GEORGE B. THROOP, Representative from Detroit in 1847, was a native of New York, and came to Detroit as a bank officer during the flush times of 1836-8. He had previously been a member of the New York legislature. He was a brother of Enos B. Throop, once governor of New York. He died Feb. 23, 1854, at the age of sixty-two. He was a member of the Detroit bar. He was a Democrat politically. JEFFERSON G. THURBER, Representative and Speaker from Monroe county in 1851, and Sena- tor in 1844-5-6-7, was born in 1807, and settled at Monroe Mich. , in 1833. In politics a Democrat. He was a lawyer by profession, and earnestly devoted to the practice. He held the offices of prosecuting attorney and judge of probate of Monroe county, and was a presi- 71 638 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. dential elector in 1849. He filled all positions with honor to himself and the state. Died at Monroe, May 6, 1857. JOHN S. TIBBITTS, Representative from Wayne county in 1861-2, was born in Arcadia, N. Y., Dec. 21, 1821. He came to Plymouth, Mich., with his fath- er's family in 1825, the first white settlers in that town. He was edu- cated at common schools, taught at the age of sixteen, and winters thereafter for 25 years. He was elected supervisor at the age of twenty-one, and was subsequently supervisor, school inspector, post- master, etc. He was some time superintendent of the agricultural college farm; thiee years auditor of Wayne county, and one year horticulturist at the Colorado agricultural college. He published the *' Free Guide," for the benefit of officials. He is a Republican. Now resides at Santa Rita, California. ALEXANDER R. TIFFANY Was born in Niagara, Canada, Oct. 16, 1796. His father, Sylvester Tiffany, was a native of Massachusetts and one of four brothers who graduated at Dartmouth college. His father published a paper at Canandaigua, N. Y. , and the son when small used to sit on a high stool and set type for the paper. He learned the art of printing, and when a young man studied law with John C. Spencer, a distinguished lawyer, and afterwards chief justice of the state of New York. When admitted to the bar he commenced practice at Palmyra, N. Y. He was soon elected a justice and held that position several years. About 1833 he was appointed first judge of the county court of Wayne county, N. Y., and held the place until compelled to resign from ill health. In 1832 he settled at Palmyra, Michigan, then having the promise of becoming a large city. In 1834 he was appointed prose- cuting attorney of Lenawee county; in 1836 was elected judge of pro- bate, and held that office eight years; in 1850 was a leading member of the state constitutional convention; and was a Representative m the legislature of 1855. He was the author of "Tiffany's Justice Guide " and ** Tiffany's Criminal Law," of inestimable value in the early days of Michigan, and still standard works, as enlarged and revised by Judge Andrew Howell. Judge Tiffany was a territorial associate judge for Lenawee county in 1833, was re-appointed in 1834, and was county judge from 1846 to 1850. He was a man of small stature, a lawyer of learning and ability, with a candor and sincerity MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 639 that carried great weight with court and jury. With poor health he worked incessantly. He died at Palmyra, January 14, 1868. JUNIUS TILDEN Was born in Yarmouth, Mass., Nov. 28, 1813. He lived in that state until 1838, when he removed to Dundee, Mich. By profession a law- yer, in politics independent. A Representative in 1849. PHILO TILLSON, Kepresentative from Macomb county in 1844, was born in Winfield, N. Y., in 1810. By profession a physician, in politics a Democrat. Came to Mt. Clemens, Mich., in 1833, where he practiced medicine ten years, then removed to Romeo, where he continued practice until his death, June 25, 1882.. JEFFERSON K. TINDALL, Representative from Oakland county in 1887, was born'in Sussex county, N. Y., November 25, 1829; and came with his parents to Oakland county in 1833. Received a good education, served as clerk in a store, then a partner, selling out in 1861, and became a farmer. He served through the war in the 8th Michigan cavalry. Has been eight years supervisor of the town of Rose, and six years secretary of the Monitor insurance company. In politics a Republican. ALEXANDER TINHAM, Representative from Wayne county in 1863-4-83, was born in.Middle- sex county, England, in 1819. He came to Monroe, Mich., in 1829, in 1830 removed to Detroit, and has been a brick maker by, occupation. In politics a Democrat. RUFUS TINNEY, Representative from Oakland county in 1841, settled in Highland, Mich., in 1833, coming from Wheatland, Monroe county, N. Y. He was a farmer, and resided where he first located until his death in 1858. He was the first supervisor of the town in 1835, and filled that office for six terms. 640 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPUY. BRA.CEY TOBEY Was born in Saratoga county, N. Y., March 26, 1802, and died in April, 1886. He settled with his family in Burr Oak, Mich., in 1855, but removed to Sturgis in 1861. He had the confidence of the people, and in New York ;and Michigan held office of some kind for half a century. He was an associate district judge in New York, and was a Representative in the Michigan legislature of 1871-2. In politics a Democrat, a Republican after 1861. He was justice for many years,^ also director in the national bank at Sturgis. ISAAC D. TOLL Was born at Schenectady, N. Y., December 1, 1818, on the family homestead of two centuries. Both of his great-grandfathers were killed by the French and Indians in 1748. His grandfather served in the revolution,, and his father in the war of 1812. Mr. Toll wa& educated in the academy at Ovid, N. Y., settled with his father at Centerville, Mich., in 1834, and engaged with him in manufacturing and real estate. He was thirteen years supervisor of Fawn River, where his father built flouring; and saw mills. He has held military offices by regular promotions, from lieutenant colonel to major gen- eral of state militia. In the Mexican war, he was captain of company E, 15th U. S. infantry, and distinguished himself at Contreras and Churubusco. He was a Representative in 1846; Senator in 1847; chief of division in pension office in 1853-4; examiner of patents, 1854 to 1861; and commandant of the' interior guard in 1861. He settled at Petoskey in 1880, and was president of the village in 1881-2. His wife was the daughter of Judge Charles Moran, of Detroit. In politics a Democrat. He is now postmaster at Peioskey. JAMES B. TOMPKINS, Representative from Branch county in 1855, came from Schoharie county, N. Y., and settled in Girard, Mich., the first white settler in that township. He was a surveyor by profession, and surveyed the ground upon which the city of Coldwater now stands. He was dis- tinguished for his energy and for his fidelity to convictions in the per- formance of the varied duties imposed upon him. He was the first MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 641 supervisor of his township in 1834, serving in that capacity many years afterwards. He was also a justice. Died about 1878. WILLIAM M. TOMPKINS, Representative from Eaton county in 1867, was born in New Rochelle, N. Y. , March 6, 1820. He came to Michigan in 1844, went into the mercantile business at Eaton Rapids in 1845, was successful, and retired to go into the banking business in 1858. Died in 1868. JOHN S. TOOKER, Senator from Ingham and Clinton counties in 1879-81-2, was born in Tyrone, N. Y., July 7, 1836. He removed to Ann Arbor, Mich., with his parents in 1838, thence to Woodhull in 1840, and to Lansing in 1847. Received a common school education, purchased a foundry at North Lansing at the age of eighteen, and manufactured farming implements for 14 years. Served one year in the 6th Mich, cavalry, but was discharged from ill health; was in both the drug and boot and shoe trade. Was three times mayor of Lansing. He was secretary of Montana undet Arthur, and is now in business at Helena, Montana. In politics a Republican. JOSEPH W. TORREY, Member of the fifth legislative council from Wayne county in 1832-4, was a native of Connecticut and a lawyer by profession. He was at one time a law partner with Col. Chas. Larned, and stood high at the bar. He was judge of probate 1829-33, and recorder of Detroit in 1829. He returned to Connecticut, and died there in 1844. Politically he was an administration or Jackson man, during his residence in Detroit. OSMOND TOWER, Senator from Ionia county in 1859-61-2, was born in Cummington, Mass., Feb. 16, 1811. He received a common school and academical education, became a carpenter, and taught school winters. He came to Michigan in 1834, and settled in Ionia in 1835. He built the first school-house in the Grand River Valley; was engaged in building until 1844; then for twenty years manufactured and sold fanning mills; was for seven years a partner in the dry goods house of J. S. Cooper & Co. ; speculated in real estate; was in the foundry and hardware 642 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. trade; was a director of the Ionia & Lansing railroad, and its first treasurer; was director and president of the Ionia & Stanton railroad; clerk of Ionia county, and several times supervisor; was U. S. Mar- shal of western Michigan from 1863 to 1866; member of the board of education many years, and its president. A Whig until 1854, then a Republican. Died Aug. 4, 1886. OKA TOWN, Representative in 1851, was born in Stoddard, N. H., July 2, 1806. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Democrat. He came to Michigian in 1831, and has resided in Allegan county since 1834. Now lives at Allegan. He received two commissions from Governor Mason when Michigan was a territory, one as justice of the peace in 1834, and one as judge of probate in 1835. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1850. WILLIAM B. TOWN, Representative from Lenawee county in 1885, was born in Norwich, Ontario, July 23, 1830. Became a resident of Michigan when eight years old; received a thorough education, and entered upon the study of medicine, receiving his diploma as a physician and surgeon. He has since been continuously engaged in the practice of that profession, residing at Rollin. In 1854 he was appointed postmaster at Geneva, the office near his residence, a position which he held for seventeen years. Politically a Democrat. AMOS C. TOWNE, Representative from Barry county in 1875, was' born in Bakersfield, Vt. , April 10, 1818. From 1843 up to 1848 he resided in the southern states. In 1850 he engaged in farming in DeKalb county, Illinois. In 1854 he purchased the farm on which he now resides, in Prairie- ville, Barry county. He has held the office of justice, and been a supervisor for several consecutive terms. For thirty-five years he has been identified with the insurance business and conveyancer. In politics a Republican. URIEL TOWNSEND, Representative from Lapeer county in 1875, was born Dec. 4, 1830, in Hunter, N. Y. He received a common school education. In 1834 MICHIGAiq- BIOGRAPHY. 643 emigrated to Michigan, and settled in Bruce, Macomb county. In 1859 he removed to Almont, where he now resides. He has been supervisor. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Republican. JARVIS C. TRAIN, Representative from Kent county in 1883, was born in Tunbridge, Vt., July 8, 1834. Came with his parents to Boston, Mich., in 1840. Lived in Whiteside count v, 111., ten years as a farmer, then settled at Lowell, Mich., and engaged in buying and selling farm products. Served as a Fusionist. WILLIAM R. TRAVER Was born in Rensselaer county, N. Y. , Oct. 26, 1818. By occupation a harness maker; in politics a Republican. He came to Litchfield, Michigan, in 1844, and has always resided there. He was a Repre- sentative from Hillsdale county in 1853, and has held other offices of trust. LOREN L. TREAT, Senator from Oakland county in 1865, was admitted to the Oakland county bar in 1844, and located at Canandaigua, now Orion, where he had a good practice. He was an effective lawyer before a jury. Later he removed to Oxford, and followed farming. He was a justice and several times supervisor. CHARLES TRIPP Was born in Epsom, N. H., December 2, 1812. Came to Ann Arbor in 1840, and engaged in the foundry business. He resided there until his death. He was railroad commissioner under Gov. Bingham, and Senator in 1855. He was always interested in public affairs, was a man of strong convictions, and in politics a Republican. CHARLES C. TROWBRIDGE, Regent of the University from 1837 to 1841, was born in Albany, N. Y., Dec. 29, 1800, and died at Detroit, April 3, 1883. He was trained to the mercantile business, and came to Detroit in 1819. He \yas the first secretary of the board of regents; filled positions at Green Bay and Detroit as Indian agent and interpreter; was cashier or (344 MICIJIGAN^ BIOGRAPHY. president of the bank of Michigan from 1825 to 1843, except three years; president of the Michigan state bank from 1844 to 1853; then became secretary and afterwards for many years president of the Oakland & Ottawa railroad co., afterwards the Detroit & Milwaukee. He held many local positions, and was the Whig candidate for governor in 1837, and was only defeated by 237 votes. He was an aJderman, and mayor of Detroit in 1834. He was a perfect type of the old school gentleman, and on his 82d birthday was given a public banquet at the Russell house, by the most distinguished men of the city and state. ROWLAND E. TROWBRIDGE Was born at Horseheads, N. Y., June 18, 1821, and was brought the same year to Troy, Oakland county, Mich., by his father, S. V. R. Trowbridge, who settled in that town upon a farm. The son gradu- ated from Kenyon college, Ohio, in 1841. Unable to follow his chosen profession of the law, from failure of eyesight, he became a farmer, and settled in Barry county in 1848, and cleared up a farm. In 1849 he was supervisor of the town of Thorndale. In 1851 he exchanged his farm for one in Bloomfield, Oakland countv, settled upon it, having married that year Miss Mary E. Satterlee. He worked the farm until 1860, then exchanged for milling property, and removed to Birmingham. He was supervisor of Bloomfield in 1855. He was a Senator in 1857-8-9; was elected to congress in 1860 from the 4th district, and served from 1861 to 1863; was defeated by a small majority for that position in 1862; was again elected in 1864, serving from 1865 to 1867. He again became a farmer, and in 1873 took charge of the Chandler farm near Lansing, where he was suc- cessful. In 1880 he was appointed commissioner of Indian affairs by President Hayes, and died while holding that office, April 20, 1881. He was president of the central Michigan agricultural society, and was recognized throughout the state as a leading agriculturist, and an honest, incorruptible man. In politics first a Whig, a Republican after 1854. . STEPHEN V. R. TROWBRIDGE, Member of the legislative council in 1828, and Senator in 1839-40-1-2, was born at Albany, N. Y., July 4, 1794, and died March 1, 1859. He was parried to Elizabeth Conkling at Horseheads, N. Y., in 1815, and came to Michigan in the fall of 1821. He settled for life on a farm, purchased of government, in Troy, Oakland county. He was MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 645 the first supervisor of Troy in 1827, and held that position in 1828 and four terms afterwards. His home was headquarters for early emi- grants coming to Troy. His services for the town and state were of a high order, and he identified himself with every project calculated to benefit society. The family of eleven children imitated his example. Among them were Charles A., a New York merchant; Rowland E., long in congress; William P., professor in Yale college; Oeneral Luther S., of Detroit; and Guy M., of Pontiac. One of the daughters was the wife of Kev. Mr. Goodell, long a distinguished missionary in Turkey. He helped organize the Presbyterian church in Troy, and was an elder. He was always a staunch friend of tem- perance, and an active christian. In politics, Whig and Republican, MORGAN TUPPER, Representative from Ionia coun4;y in 1865, was born in Monroe county, N. Y.. May 19, 1816. He came to -Michigan in 1838, and made the first entry of land in Odessa, Ionia county, upon which he remained until his death, March 3, 1880. By occupation a minister and farmer. MYRON TUPPER, Representative from Ionia county in 1865, was born in Monroe county, N. Y., May 19, 1816. He was a clergyman and farmer, politically a Republican. He came to Michigan in 1838. He was ordained a Free Will Baptist minister in 1848. Held the positions of postmaster and supervisor. Died March 4, 1879. WILLIAM S. TURCK, Representative from Gratiot county in 1877-79, was born in Port Hope, Ontario, in 1839. He received a common school education. He came to Michigan in 1860, and entered the service in the twenty- sixth Michigan infantry in 1862, and was mustered out with^the regi- ment in 1865 as captain of Co. D. He was treasurer of Gratiot county for six years, supervisor four years, and president and treasurer of the farmers' mutual fire insurance company of Gratiot and Isabella counties. He is a farmer by occupation, and a Republican in politics. JAMES D. TURNBULL, Representative from Alpena,' Alcona and Presque Isle counties in 1879, '81-2, was born in Harvey, New Brunswick, Feb. 5, 1843. He 72 646 MICHIGAN BlOGKAPHY. received a good common school education, removed to Chelsea, Mich.,, in 1858, entered in 1863 in the 20th Michigan infantry, and served through the war, becoming a lieutenant. He took a full course at the State Normal school, was principal of the schools at Memphis three years, studied law and was admitted in 1871. He commenced practice at Alpena in 1872. Has been comptroller of Alpena two terms, two years chairman of board of supervisors, and chairman of democratic county committee for six years. In politics a Democrat. GEORGE B. TURNER Was born in Franklin county, N. Y., in 1822. His parents, named Brunt, left him an orphan at the age of three years, and being adopted by Sterling A. Turner, a Virginian, he took his name. In 1835, at the age of thirteen, he became a clerk in an auction and com- mission store in Detroit. In a few months he went to Cassopolis, and until 1840 was occupied as pupil, teacher and clerk. He studied law with A. H. Redfield and was admitted to the bar in 1844. In 1848-9 he was a Representative from Cass county. In 1850 he abandoned practice from ill health and became a farmer. He was a delegate to the democratic national convention of 1876. As a Democrat he has been the candidate of his party for probate judge, also for Sena- tor, and in 1856 ran on the defeated ticket for secretary of state. He was editorially connected with the Cass County Advocate, the first paper published in that county. JAMES TURNER Was born at Cazenovia, N. Y., April 1, 1820, and was a descendant of Humphrey Turner, who settled at Plymouth, Ct., in 1628. With a fair education, self obtained, he came to Leoni, Mich., in 1840, and acted as clerk in a store. In 1841 he removed to Mason, engaging in mercantile business until 1847, when he came to Lansing, continuing the mercantile business, and engaged in the construction of the Lan- sing and Howell plank road, of which he was treasurer. In 1860 he became deputy state treasurer, which he held for six years. In 1864 he became treasurer and land commissioner of the Jackson, Lansing & Saginaw railroad, holding it until his death. He was also director and treasurer of the Lansing & Ionia railroad, was agent for non-resi- dent Michigan land-holders, and loaned money largely for the New Lebanon Shakers. In 1867 he was Senator, and was a member of the Lansing board of education for nine years. A Republican in politics, a Methodist in religion. He died Oct. 10, 1869. MICHIGAN BIOGKAPHY. 647 JAMES M. TURNER, Representative from Ingham county in 1877, was born in Lansing, Mich., April 23, 1850. He is the oldest son of the late Hon. James Turner, one of the pioneers of Ingham county. He received a com- mon school education, and afterwards spent two years at Oneida conference seminary, (>azenovia, N. Y. In 1868 he was elected pay- master and assistant treasurer of the Ionia & Lansing railroad. In 1869 he was elected treasurer of the same company, being the suc- cessor of his father. In 1871 he organized the real estate and loan agency of Turner, Smith & Co. , of Lansing, which dissolved by the retirement of D. S. Smith. (Jn the organization of the Chicago & Northeastern railroad company, in the year 1874, he was elected president. He was the youngest member of the legislature of 1877. He is extensively engaged in manufacturing, mining and real estate, and resides at Lansing. Has a large farm well stocked with horses, cattle and sheep. JEROME W. TURNER Was born'at Sheldon, Vt., January 25, 1836. He is by occupation a lawyer, in politics, formerly a Republican, now a Democrat. He came to Michigan with his father, Judge Josiah Turner, in 1839, who settled in Howell, and afterwards moved to Owosso. He graduated from the University in 1857. He studied law, and is now actively engaged in his profess'ion at Owosso. As a Republican he was Senator in 1869-70, and at that time wrote a series of humorous articles, that attracted great attention, and were published in the Detroit Tribune. As a Democrat he was mayor of Owosso in 1879; delegate to the democratic national convention at Cincinnati in 1880; also to the convention at Chicago in 1844. He was adjutant of the 30th Michigan infantry, and was the democratic candidate for mem- . ber of the state board of education in 1886. He has written short poems of great merit. JESSE F. TURNER Was born in Albany, N. Y., in 1810. He came to DeWitt, Mich., in 1838, and engaged in mercantile business. Afterwards studied law with Joab Baker. He was county commissioner of Clinton county in 1841; register of deeds; supervisor of DeWitt; Senator in 1844-45; and county judge in 1846. In politics a Democrat. He went to Cali- fornia in 1851, and was colleqtor of the port of Sacramento under President Pierce. He was circuit judge of the Sacramento judicial circuit for twelve years. He died at Oakland, California, in 1880. 648 MICHIGAN BIOGKAPHY. JOHN W. TURNER, Representative from Lenawee county in 1847-9, was born in Putney, Vt., in 1818. By profession a lawyer. He came to Hudson, Mich,, in 1841, later removed to Coldwater, his present home. He was a Democrat until 1854, since a Republican. He was the first Republi- can nominee for lieutenant governor, but declined in favor of Coe. As a public speaker and legal advocate has always stood high in southern Michigan. Has published a volume of poems of consider- able merit. JOHN W. TURNER, Representative from Clinton and other counties in 1851, was born in Oneida county, N. Y., Feb. 23, 1800. He was several years a clerk. Resided at Oswego, N. Y., from 1819 to 1846, and a part of the time was deputy collector at Oswego. Settled at DeWitt, Mich., in 1848, and engaged in milling and mercantile business. Was five years a supervisor, and was sheriff in 1858-9. Removed in 1863 to Vermillion, Dakota, was for eleven years a member of the territorial council, and from 1869 to 1873 was superintendent of public instruction in Dakota. While in Michigan a Democrat. Died at Turner, Dakota, April 11, 1883. JOSIAH TURNER Was born in New Haven, Vt. Sept. 1, 1811. He received his educa- tion at St. Albans and Middlebury, studied law, and was admitted to the bar of Vermont in 1833. After a short practice in that state, he came to Michigan and settled in Howell. In 1842 he was elected county clerk by the democrats, and served six years, also holdii^gthe positions of justice, township clerk, and master in chancery. On the adoption of the county court system he was elected judge of Living- ston county, and held the position until 1850, when the oflace was abolished. In 1856 he was elected probate judge on the republican ticket. In 1857 he was appointed by Gov. Bingham to a vacancy on the supreme court bench, and the same year was elected judge of the seventh judicial circuit for six years, and received three successive re-elections, the fourth time being elected without opposition, serving from 1857 to 1881. In 1860 he removed from Howell to Owosso, and was mayor of that city in 1864-5. He was a member of the constitu- tional convention of 1867. Since he retired from the bench has been U. S. consul at Amherstburg, Canada. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 649 MILO H. TURNER Was born at Albany, N. Y., in 1812. Came to Michigan in 1837, and was the pioneer merchant of DeWitt, Clinton cpunty. He was elected register of deeds in 1839, and was a Representative in 1842. In politics a Whig. He removed.to California in 1851, and is now living at Oak- land. STANLEY W. TURNER, Representative from Ingham county in 1877, was born in North Fair- field, Ohio, July 15, 1843. In 1852 he removed to Reading, Mich., and in 1860-1 was a student at Hillsdale college. During the war he enlisted as a private in the first Michigan sharpshooters. At the close of the war he was promoted to captain, but was never mustered in. In 1865 he went to Mason, Mich., and entered the law office of H. L. Henderson. In 1866 he was elected clerk of Ingham county, and re-elected in 1868, and served twice as chairman of the Republican county committee. Now in business at Roscommon, Michigan. JAMES TURRILL Was born in Shoreham, Vt., Sept. 24, 1797. He removed to Michigan in 1842, and settled on a farm in the town of Lapeer, Lapeer county. He was also engaged in mercantile business. He was a Representa- tive in 1849. In politics a Whig. JONATHAN B. TUTTLE Was born August 15, 1841, at Lodi, Ohio. He received a fair educa- tion in the common schools and at Oberlin college. At the age of eighteen he began the study of law, graduating at the Ohio state and Union law colleges in 1862, and was admitted to practice the same year. Soon afterward he entered the army, and was promoted until he reached the rank of captain in the infantry service. He was honorably discharged in 1864, for physical disabilities. He then removed to Alpena, where he has since resided and practiced law. He has held the offices of judge of probate, prosecuting attorney, U. S. commissioner, school inspector, etc. In 1877, on the organization of the 23d judicial circuit, he v^as elected circuit judge, and re-elected April 4, 1881, serving until 1887. 650 MICHIGAN- BIOGRAPHY. WARREN TUTTLE, Member of the " second convention of assent," 1836, and Representa- tive from Wayne county in 1849, was born in Poultney, Vt., Dec. 24, 1804. He came to Michigan in 1826, and located a farm in Livonia. As a pioneer he made the wilderness to bud and blossom as the rose, and died Sept. 17, 1849, on the farm that he had made. He served his town as justice for many years, and the county as superintendent of the poor, 1847-49. Politics, democratic. RODNEY K. TWADELL, Representative from Branch county in 1877-79, was born in Marion, Wayne county, N. Y., Nov. 7, 1827. He received a common school education, and removed to Quincy, Michigan, in April, 1851. He is a farmer by occupation. In politics a Republican. ROYAL T. TWOMBLY, Senator from Berrien county in 1853, was born at Portland, Maine, in 1813. He settled in Niles, Michigan, in 1837. In business a mer- chant; politically a Democrat. He was for several years a trustee of the union school at Niles, was mayor of Niles in 1877, and a candidate for presidential elector on the Douglass ticket in 1860. Died October 14, 1885. COLUMBUS V. TYLER, Senator from Alcona, Alpena, Bay, Iosco, Ogemaw and Presque Isle counties m 1877 and 1879, was born in Auburn, Cayuga county, N. Y., in 1825, and in 1836 removed to Genesee county, Michigan. He received a common school education, in 1846 commenced the study of medicine, in 1850 settled in the village of Flushing, Genesee county. He practiced medicine nineteen years in that place. He removed to Bay City in 1869, and in 1870 graduated from the Detroit medical college, and from that time has continued the practice of his profession. In politics a Democrat. COMFORT TYLER Was born in Marcellus, N. Y., March 7, 1801, where his parents had removed from Connecticut in 1788. He received a common school education, and assisted his father in farming, milling and carding MlCHIGAl^ BIOGRAPHY. 651 •wool and dressing cloth until he was twenty- four. In 1834 he Temoved to Colon, St. Joseph county, Michigan, and bought a large farm, where he resided until his death, January 16, 1873. He was twenty-five years a supervisor. In 1841 was a Representative, in 1859 Senator, and in 1867 a member of the constitutional conven- tion. He was first a Whig, but a Republican from 1854. MADISON J. ULRICH, One of the Representatives from Kent county in 1885, was born in Park, Mich., Dec. 5, 1835; was reared upon a farm, and for a time followed the occupation of a farmer, finally engaging as a tea and coffee merchant in Grand Rapids, where he now resides. He has been school inspector, collector, school trustee, and supervisor, and was elected on the fusion ticket. DANIEL K. UNDERWOOD, Representative from Lenawee county in 1840, was born at Enfield, Mass., June 15, 1803, and died at Adrian, Mich., May 6, 1875. He prepared for college at Amherst academy, was two years at Wil- liams college, then went to Dartmouth, graduating as a physician in 1826. Practiced two years at Yarmouth, Mass., then was a druggist at Amherst until 1836. He settled that year at Adrian, Mich., and was in the drug trade until 1849. With the exception of a short time in the banking business, the rest of his life he gave to reading, study and horticulture. He made a study of fruits and varieties best adapted to the climate, and was employed by the United States pomo- logical society to prepare a work, published by government. He gave the land for the site of xVdrian college, and was liberal in other direc- tions. A. I. UPSON, Senator from the upper peninsula in 1855, was for a few years a mer- chant at Eagle Harbor, Keneenaw county. Nothing further known of him. CHARLES UPSON, Attorney-General of Michigan, 1861-3, Representative in congress, 1863 to 1869, and State. Senator, 1855, '81-2, was born at Southington, Conn., March 19, 1821. He received a common school and academical education. In 1834 commenced the study of Jaw, and was for one 652 MICHlGAN^ BIOGRAPHY. year in the Yale law school. He came to Constantine, Mich., in 1845, and the next year removed to Centreville. He taught school, and in 1847 was deputy county clerk, and was admitted to the bar in 1847. Engaged in practice at Centreville, was county clerk two years, and two years prosecuting attorney of St. Joseph county. Removed to Cold water in 1856, and from 1857 to 1861 was a railroad commissioner. He continued in practice until 1869, when he was elected judge of the 5th circuit, which he resigned Dec. 31, 1872. In 1871 he was one of two commissioners to examine the compilation of the laws, made that year. In 1873 he was one of eighteen commissioners to revise the state constitution. In 1876 he declined the position of commissioner of Indian affairs. He was first a Whig, a Republican from 1854. He practiced his profession until his death at Coldwatei-, Sept. 5, 1885. DANIEL UPTON, Representative in 1867 from Jackson county, was born at Fishkill, N. Y., Aug. 12, 1818, and came with his father's family in 1835 to Jack- son county, Michigan. Bred a farmer, he became a clerk, was a merchant at Parma, also a farmer. He was eight years clerk of Jack- son county. Removed to Muskegon in 1868, and purchased a fruit farm on Lake Harbor, where his family resides. He is one the firm of Upton & Webb, dealers in real estate. Has held the offices of supervisor, town clerk and treasurer. WILLIAM W. UPrON, Representative from Clinton county in 1847, was born in Victor, N. Y. , and was educated at the Lima seminary. He was a surveyor employed on railroads and canals. He located a farm in Victor, Mich., studied law, was admitted in 1845, and practiced first at De Witt, then at Lansing from 1847 to 1852. Then removed to Califor- nia, was in practice twelve years, was a member of the California legislature in 1856, and district attorney of Sacramento county in 1861 to 1863. Removed to Portland, Oregon, in 1864, practiced law until 1868, was then appointed a judge of the supreme court to fill vacancy, and was elected to that position for six years in 1872. From 1872 to 1874 was chief justice. In 1877 he was appointed second comptroller of the treasury department, a position he held for many years. MICHIGAiq- BIOGRAPHY. 653 WILLIAM S. UTLEY, Representative from Newaygo county in liiQ5, was born in Richmond, N. Y., Nov. 6, 1827. He came with his parents to Michigan in 1828, was educated in the common schools, learned a trade at Lansing, and settled in Newaygo county in 1850. He was county clerk 1859 to 1863; delegate in the constitutional convention of 1867; justice nearly all the time since 1852; and school inspector Except one year since 1863. Built the first bridge across the Muskegon river, at Croton, in 1850; put up the first mail ever sent from the county; and claims to have married more couples than any other magistrate in northern Michigan. Has been for 23 years town clerk of Big Prairie, also town treasurer. A Whig until 1854, a Republican until 1876, now a Green- backer. JOSEPH L. VALADE, Representative from Monroe county in 1877, was born at Dover East, Ontario, March 28, 1822. He attended school in Detroit from 1^33 to 1837, then at Dundas, Ontario, until 1844. He then taught a French school at various places in the province until 1848, when he com- menced to read medicine with the late Dr. Pitcher. In 1850-1 he attended medical lectures at Trinity college, Toronto, also at Ann Arbor in 1852, from which place he removed to Vienna, Monroe county, where he has since resided, and has established for himself a respectable medical reputation. GEORGE W. VAN AKEN, Representative from Branch county in 1873-4-5, was borp in Clark- ston, N. Y., Sept. 8, 1828. In 1835 he removed to Michigan and set- tled in Lenawee county, near Adrian. In 1838 he removed to Girard, Branch county, where he still resides. He received a common school education. He has been supervisor of his township for four years. By occupation a farmer. LAWRENCE VAN DUSEN, Representative from Shiawassee county in 1883, was born at Fort Edward, N. Y., Aug. 27, 1826, and in 1832 removed with his parents to Ovid, N. Y. He was seven years clerk in a store, three years superintendent of the poor in Seneca county, and door keeper of the New York senate in 1863-4. For four years was deputy provost mar- 7'4 654 MICHIGAN BIOGKAPHY. shal, also a deputy collector. Removed to Owosso, Mich., in 1869. Has been engaged in the lumber business, and been a justice and deputy sheriff. Elected on the fusion ticket, but in politics a Green- backer. ZACHARIAH VAN DUSER, Representative from Hillsdale county in 1847, was born in Catskill, N. Y., November 26, 1803. By occupation a farmer and druggist, politically a Democrat. He settled in Moscovr, Hillsdale county, in 1834, and in 1835 was the first supervisor of that town. He was also supervisor in 1841, 1845 and 1849. He died at Hillsdale, March 10, 1852. He took an active part in the politics of the day. PETER VAN EVERY, A member of the constitutional convention of 1835, and a Represent- ative from Wayne county in 1835-6, was born near Hamilton, Canada, January 3, 1795, coming with his parents to Michigan when an infant. He served as a private in the war of 1812-15, and was advanced to the position of quartermaster of a regiment for faithful and meritorious services After the close of the war he was com- missioned by the governor as colonel of militia. He resided in Ham- tramck on a farm of 400 acres bordering the river, on a portion of which the present Detroit water-works are located. He held at various times the offices of supervisor and justice of the peace. Besides being a farmer he was a miller and general business man, and in 1837 removed to Franklin, Oakland county, where he engaged in farming, milling and general merchandise, besides operating a dis- tillery and ashery, giving employment to a large number of men, continuing in active business until near the close of his life, Decem- ber 22, 1859. He was democratic in politics up to 1837, and there- after Whig and Republican. CALEB VAN HUSAN, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1844, was born in Man- chester, N. Y., March 13, 1815," and died August 20, 1884. He lived at home until the age of thirteen, and became an apprentice to a cabinet maker. In 1836 he married Catharine Jackson, and became interested with her father in mercantile business. He settled as a merchant at Saline, Mich., in 1838, which he Continued until 1853, when he removed to Detroit, was a merchant there until 1855, when MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 655 he retired. He was a director in the Detroit locomotive works, also in the Michigan insurance company bank, and was president of the Detroit fire and marine insurance company from 'its organization until his death. Under his management the company prospered. His second wife was Emily C. Burr, whom he married in 1866. He was long a trustee of Madison university, N. Y., was greatly inter- ested in Kalamazoo college, and was a member of the Baptist church from the age of fourteen. He left a large fortune to his wife and six children. JAMES VAN KLEECK Was born September 26, 1846, at Exeter, Michigan. He enlisted as a private in the 17th Michigan infantry in June, 1863. He was severely wounded at the battle of Antietam, from which wound he still suf- fers. He graduated from the law department, Michigan University, in 1870. Removed from Monroe county and settled in Midland county in 1870, and began the practice of law at Midland City, moved to Bay City in 1884, where he is engaged in the practice of his pro- fession. Has held various offices under the village government; also the office of prosecuting attorney of Midland county for six years. He has always been a Republican, was a member of the House of Representatives of 1883-4, and was commissioner of emigration under Gov. Alger. CORNELIUS VAN LOO, Representative from Ottawa county in 1881-2-3, was born in the Netherlands, August 7, 1838. He settled in Ottawa county with his parents in 1849. Attended the agricultural college in 1858-9, also Albion college before and after that time. Taught school in 1860-1, enlisted in 1862 in the 21st Michigan infantry, and served through the war, rising to the rank of first lieutenant, and was twice wounded. After the war was a student at Albion college for eighteen months. Has been six years register of deeds for Ottawa county; four years superintendent of schools; supervisor and chairman of board two years. In politics a Republican. AARON A. VAN ORTHWICK, Representative from Branch county in 1887, was born in Covert New York, December 19, 1829. He remained at home until he was twenty-one, attending school. He came to Michigan in 1852. He worked by the month one year in Lenawee county, when he removed 656 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. to Branch county and purchased wild land in Coldwater township. In 1864 he sold his farm and purchased one in the township of Butler, where he has since resided. Mr. Van Orthwick has held the offices of constable, highway commissioner, township superintendent of schools, coroner, and supervisor ten terms. He was elected Repre- sentative on the republican ticket for 1887-8 by a vote of 3,505 to 2,760 for Oliver C. Campbell, and 571 for Benjamin Culver, Prohi- bitionist. JACOB J. VAN RIPER, Attorney General of Michigan from 1881 to 1885, was born at Haver- straw, N. Y., March 8, 1838. He received an academical education, removed to Cass county, Mich., in 1837, but tor many years has resided at Buchanan. Attended the law department of the Univer- sity, and was admitted to the bar in 1862. Held the offices of deputy collector and assistant assessor of internal revenue. He was the youngest delegate in the constitutional convention of 1867. Was prosecuting attorney of Berrien county four years, and by appoint- ment of Gov. Croswell regent of the University from March, 1880, to Dec. 31, 1885. In politics a Republican. DIRK B. K. VAN RAALTE, Representative from Ottawa county in 1875-7, was born in the Netherlands in 1845. He removed with his parents to Holland, Michi- gan in 1847, where he has since resided. In 1862 enlisted in the 25th Michigan infantry, and served two years. In one of the engagements before Atlanta, Georgia, he lost his right arm, and received a bullet which, passing through his cheek, came out just below the eye. He is a graduate of Hope college, and by occupation a merchant. In politics a Republican. ROWLAND S. VAN SCOT Was born in Kent, N. Y., November 22, 1814. He received a com- mon school education, and was a teacher several winters. In 1839 he came to Michigan and bought a farm in De Witt, Clinton county. In 1854 he sold his farm and removed to Essex, Clinton county, where he now resides on a farm of 1,200 acres. He owns several other farms, in all about 2,000 acres, a large number of village lots in Maple Rapids, and a large brick block, and carries on a banking business. He has held many town offices, including supervisor, treasurer and MICHIGAlSr BIOGRAPHY. 657 justice; has baen president of the village of Maple Rapids, recruiting officer during the rebellion, and was a Representative from 1871 to 1875. JAMES VAN VLEET Was born in Romulus, N. Y., July 28, 1818. lie was brought up on a farm, received a common school education, married Mary Ann Cooley in 1841, and in 1844 settled on a farm in Gaines, Michigan. He endured great hardship as a pioneer, but eventually his eighty acre farm was increased to 320 acres, with fine farm buildings. He was school inspector twelve years; justice sixteen years; supervisor eighteen years, holding the latter office from 1847 to 1868, when he left it to accept that of county treasurer, and was also deputy treas- urer three years. He was a Representative in 1865 and 1867. In 1869 he removed to Flint, where he has served as alderman, and been engaged in real estate and insurance business. He was a Democrat until 1854, since a Republican. PHILIP T. VAN ZILE Was born in Osceola, Pa., July 20, 1844. He received his education n that state, and graduated at Alfred university, Alleghany county, N. Y., in 1863. He taught school in Pennsylvania and Ohio, and became a resident of the latter state in 1863. He enlisted as a private in battery E, 1st Ohio field artillery, and went into service. He served until the close of the war, refusing a commission as captain in the 32d Ohio infantry. He then removed to Charlotte, Mich., and graduated from the" law department of the University in 1867. He was four years prosecuting attorney of Eaton county, and served as judge of probate until 1875, when he was elected circuit judge for Eaton and Calhoun counties, which he resigned in 1878. He served several years as United States district attorney to Utah, then returned to Charlotte and resumed practice. He was chairman of the state Republican committee from 1884 to 1886. JAMES C. VAUGHN, Representative from Wayne county (Van Buren township), in 1843, was a native of the state of New York, and came to Michigan in 1832. He was a farmer by occupation, a Democrat in politics, and repre-' sented his township for a number of years on the board of supervisors. Died March 29, 1880. 658 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. GEORGE F. VEENFLIET,. Representative from Saginaw county in 1879, was born in Wesel, Prussia, April 2, 1813. He received an academical education, and graduated from the University of Bonn as professor of mathematics and physical sciences in 1839. In 1849 he emigrated to the United States, and came to Michigan in 1849. In 1850 he removed to Blum- field, Saginaw county. He was appointed commissioner of immigra- tion by Gov. Wisner during the seasons of 1859-60. In 1860 he was elected register of deeds for Saginaw county. In 1870 he was elected county treasurer, which office he held for six consecutive years. In politics a Republican. WALTER VICARY, Representative from the second district of JMarquette, was born in Devonshire, England, January 31, 1836. He is by occupation an engineer, is a Republican, has been a resident of the state fifteen years, was supervisor of the second ward of Ishpeming in 1885 and 1886. He was elected to the house of 1887-8 by a vote of 1,320 to 1,157 for Patrick J. McGinty. STEPHEN VICKERY, Representative from Kalamazoo county in 1838-43-4-5-8, was born in the state of New York, removed to Ohio at the age of sixteen, taught school in that state several terms, then became a teacher at Monroe, Mich. He removed to Prairie Ronde in 1829, was the first county clerk and treasurer of Kalamazoo county 1834-6, and was register of deeds 1836-8. A prominent Whig, and once the candidate of that party for governor. He was a practical surveyor and laid out the village of Schoolcraft, where he died Dec. 12, 1857. A man of remark- able memory, strong in his convictions, and positive in character. JAMES VIDETO Was born in Hawksbury, Upper Canada, July 27, 1804. When young^ his parents removed to the state of New York. At the age of eleven he went to live with an uncle at Shelburn, Vt., and remained there until he became of age. Ke came to Detroit in 1828, and was engaged for fifteen years in surveying government lands in Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin and Iowa. After 1832 his home was in Jackson county. He located land in Concord in 1833. He was several terms supervisor of Spring Arbor. He was Representative in 1843-4, MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 651) and Senator in 1845-6. In later years he followed farming. In politics a Democrat. He died at Spring Arbor, July 18, 1886. EDWARD VINCENT, Representative from St. Clair county in 1883, was born in Lower Canada, October 31, 1825, and removed with his parents to Clyde, Michigan, in 1836, and has resided in that town since that time. He received a common school education, and is by occupation a farmer. Has held the office of county treasurer for four years, and has served twenty-two terms as supervisor of the town. Has always been a Republican. DAVID VINTON, Jr., Representative from Grand Traverse and Manitou counties in 1883, was born in Hampshire county, Massachusetts, September 16, 182«. At the age of ten years he was placed at work on a farm, and remained to the age of fourteen, when he was apprenticed to learn the tanning business at Newark, Ohio. He remained there unt 1852, removed to Steuben county, Indiana, continuing in the same occupation until 1870, when he removed to Williamsburg, Grand Traverse county, and engaged in mercantile business. He has been a Republican since 1860. EMORY B VORHEES, Representative from Clinton county in 1885, was born in Ovid, Mich- igan, October 22, 1853. He received a common school education. Has been secretary of the Ovid union agricultural society for eight years in succession. He has always been a farmer by occupation. He was elected as a Democrat on the fusion ticket. Has been a supervisor. HIRAM VOORHIES Was born in Belvidere, N. Y., February 5, 1809, and died December 24. 1878. He came to Orion, Michigan, in 1836. By occupation a farmer; in politics a Democrat. He resided in Orion thirty-four years and held the positions of supervisor, school director, justice and in 1851 was a Representative. In 1870 he was elected county treasurer, removed to Pontiac, and served two years in that office. He was a member of the common council of Pontiac at the time of his death. G60 MICHIGAN BIOGKAPHY. ISAAC I. VOORHIES, Representative from Oakland county in 1835-6-48, was born in Somerset, N. Y.. in 1799. He removed to Pontiac, Michigan, in 1824, He was supervisor of Pontiac in 1833-4, and held other town offices, and was a member of the constitutional convention of 1835. He removed to Lapeer in 1866, where he died August 2, 1886. In politics a Democrat. SEEKING YOORHEIS, Was born in Fayette, N. Y., January 7, 1815. He came to Michigan in 1836, and for three years lived near Ypsilanti. In 1839 he settled on a farm in White Lake, Oakland county, where he resided until his death, February 8, 1882. In politics a Republican. He was supervisor in 1843, and held that office seven times, the last in 1876. Was town clerk in 1851. He was a Representative in 1863-4. He was an elder in the First Presbyterian church of White Lake, of which he became a member in 1840. GEORGE VOWLES Was born in Westbury, England, November 10, 1818. He came to this Country with his parents in 1829, who settled in Onondaga county, N. Y. He came to Michigan in 1835, and resided in Inde- pendence, Oakland county, until 1840, then at Milford until 1855, from that time living in the town of Lyon until his death, Nov. 4, 1878. In politics a Republican. He was a Representative in 1869-70. JOHN J. VROMAN, Representative from Wayne county in 1887, was born in Orleans county. New York, August 5, 1840. Has been a resident of Michigan thirty years. By occupation, formerly a farmer, at present a mer- chant. He has held the following offices: township clerk, treasurer and supervisor, and superintendent of the poor of Wayne county three years. He was elected Representative on the democratic ticket by a vote of 1,741 to 1,703 for George W. Coomer, Republican, and 158 for Richard Bird, Prohibitionist. SILAS A. WADE, Representative from Hillsdale county in 1857, was born in the state of New Jersey, September 4, 1797. By occupation a millwright and MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 661 miller, in politics a Republican. Came to Rome, Michigan, in 1835. Removed to Jeff Tson, Hillsdale county, in 1850, and was supervisor in 1862. Died February 19, 1869. RALPH WADHAMS, Representative from St. C'lair county in 1838, was born in Goshen, Conn., in 1798, and died in April, 1877. When young his parents removed to Leicester, N. Y. He received a good normal education, and became a clerk in a store. He landed at Detroit in 1823, and for several years was a member of the firm of Reese & Wadhams, gen- eral merchants. They occupied the first brick store built in Detroit, corner of Jefferson and Woodward avenues. Later the firm became Howard & Wadhams. He came into possession of a tract of pine on Black river, and commenced lumbering. In 1829 he located in St. Clair county, and in 1830 built the first grist-mill in the county, and did an extensive business, employing many men. He was super- visor of the town of Desmond in 1832, then comprising all the territory from Macomb to Saginaw. He was a delegate to the constitutional convention of 18 i5. President Jackson appointed him postmaster at Clyde Mills, which he resigned in 1874, after thirty-six years' service. Politically a Democrat. JOHN WAGNER Was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, April 18, 1818. He came to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1838, and remained there until 1845. He then removed to Leroy, Calhoun county, Michigan, and bought a farm. He was supervisor for six years, and in 1869-70 was Representative in the legislature. He filled other town offices. In politics a Republi- can. Died December 13, 1876. JONATHAN G. WAIT, Representative from St. Joseph county in 1851, and Senator in 1863- 4-5-7, was born in York, N. Y., November 22, 1811. He traces his ancestry back to 1075, and is a descendant of Richard Wait, who settled at Watertown, Mass., in 1637. He removed with his father to Perry, Ohio, in 1825, and taught school when seventeen. He settled at Sturgis, Mich., in 1835, where he now resides. He engaged in lumbering, building, and has been a drover, grain dealer, merchant and manufacturer. He built many houses and saw-mills, and a cabi- net and chair factory. As agent of the Michigan Southern, he made 74 662 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. many contracts for railroad material. In 1857 he was one of the organizers of the Grand Rapids & Indiana railroad, and is still a director. He was ten years a justice, and many years supervisor. In 1860 he started the Sturgis Journal, and was its editor and publisher until 1872. He was postmaster of Sturgis from 1873 to 1886. ^He married Susan S. Buck in 1832, and they had nine sons and three daughters. For many years a leading man in southwestern Michi- gan. BENJAMIN W. WAITE Was born in Aurelius, N. Y., October 13, 1811. In 1839 he settled on a farm in Scio, Michigan. He was for about twenty years superin- tendent of the poor in Washtenaw county, and for four years presi- dent of the Washtenaw mutual fire insurance company. He was Representative in the legislature of 1849, and was a member of the constitutional convention of 1850. In politics a Whig. In 1868 he removed to Dexter, where he now resides. DANIEL B. WAKEFIELD, Representative in 1838, and Senator in 1842 3, from Genesee county, was a lawyer and farmer, and a Democrat in politics. He died some years since at his home in Grand Blanc, Genesee county. MARCUS WAKEMAN, Born in Connecticut, March 17, 1795, moved with his parents to Batavia, N. Y., in 1810. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, and fought in the battles of Chippewa and Lundy's Lane. He came to Michigan in 1837, and settled as a farmer in Jackson county. He was* elected by the democrats a Representative in the legislature of 1846, and filled various township offices. Died Jan. 17, 1869. DAVID S. WALBRIDGE Was born at Bennington, Vt., July 30, 1802. He received a common school education. He removed to Kalamazoo, Michigan, in 1842, and was a farmer, a merchant and a miller. He was Senator in 1849 and 1850. He was nominated and elected to congress in 1854, as a repub- lican, receiving 12,865 votes against 10,178 votes for Samuel Clark, democrat; was re-elected in 1856, receiving 23,550 votes against 16,046 MICHIGAN- BIOGRAPHY. 663 votes for F. J. Littlejohn, democrat, serving from Dec. 3, 1855, to March 3. 1859. He was first a Whig, a Republican after 1854. He died at Kalamazoo, June 15, 1868. CAMPBELL WALDO, Senator in 1848-9 from Calhoun, Eaton, Branch and Kalamazoo counties, was born in Middietown, Vt., Dec. 25, 1786, and was brought up on a farm. He became a physician, and practiced many years in Cayuga county, N. Y., and was a member of the N. Y. assembly in 1825. In 1833 he became a merchant at Port Byron, N. Y. In 1837 he settled at Albion, Mich., built mills at various points, and was a leading man. He died at Albion, Nov. 6, 1876, at the age of 98. He was a man of fine personal appearance, courteous and affable in his manners, a good physician, and a christian. HEXRY WALDRON Was born at Albany, N. Y., Oct. 11, 1816; graduated at Rutgers col- lege, N. Y., in 1836; removed to Michigan in 1837; settled at Hillsdale in 1839; built the first warehouse on the Southern railroad; and from that date was engaged in manufacturing and banking. In early life a civil engineer. He was a director of the Michigan Southern rail- road; president of the Detroit, Hillsdale & Indiana railroad ; and pres- ident of the first national bank of Hillsdale. He was a Representa- tive in 1843; presidential elector in 1848; a Representative in congress from 1855 to 1861 from the second district, also from 1871 to 1877 from the first district, in all twelve years. He was a delegate to the repub- lican national convention of 1868. He was a Republican in politics, a good speaker, a successful business man, and a political power, especially in southern Michigan. He died several years since. ARNOLD WALKER, Representative from Ingham county in 1873-4, was born in Gibson, Pa., in 1821. He removed to Seneca county, N. Y., in 1837, and to Ingham county, Mich. , in 1844. He received a common school educa- tion, and was a practical business man. He was a director of the Jackson, Lansing & Saginaw railroad for many years, and filled large railroad contracts. He lived in Vevay until 1860, then became a resi- dent of Leslie until his death, Dec. 5, 1884. He was long president of the Leslie national bank. In politics a Republican. 664 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. ALVAH H. WALKER Was born in Rhode Island, February 15, 1802, and removed to Chau- tauqua county, N. Y,, with his parents in 1805, where he resided until 1855, when he removed to Detroit. For many years, at Fredonia, Chautauqua county, he was one of the trustees and treasurer of the Fredonia academy, and was supervisor of Pomfret. He was on the whig electoral ticket in 1853, and in 1854 was a member of the New York Senate. In 1855 he removed to Detroit. In 1857 he became interested in village property in St. Johns, and removed there in 1861 ; for several years was engaged in mercantile business; in 1867 was elected to the constitutional convention for Clinton county. He has been an active Whig or Republican all his life. BENJAMIN W^ALKER, Representative from Shiawassee county in 1873, was born in Whiting- ham, Vt., March 7, 1814. He received a common school education. In 1847 removed to Michigan and settled in Perry, where he still resides. Held the office of justice 24 years; supervisor two years, town clerk three years, and school inspector. He has been treasurer of the Shiawassee mutual insurance company ten years. He was president of the Shiawassee agricultural association two years. By occupation a farmer. CHARLES I. WALKER, Representative from Kent county in 1841, was born in Butternuts, N. Y., April 25, 1814, his parents moving there from New England. He received a common and select school education. At sixteen he was a teacher, and then a clerk. At twenty-one he was a merchant at Cooperstown, N. Y., but sold out in 1836, and removed to Grand Rapids, Mich. , as agent for eastern capitalists in the buying of Michi- gan lands. The panic of 1837 closed out land speculations, and he took an interest and became editor of the Grand River Times. He commenced the study of law, went to Vermont to complete his studies, and was admitted to the Vermont bar at Brattleboro in 1842. He practiced in that state until 1851, and then settled at Detroit. He was circuit judge for about a year, but resigned, and was professor in the law school at Ann Arbor from 1859 to 1874. He was for several years president of the board of state charities. He has always taken an active interest m the early history of the northwest, and has writ- ten able papers on that subject. Has been president of the state pioneer society. Is an able lawyer, politically a Democrat. He was MICHIGAK BIOGEAPHY. 665 a member of the second convention of assent in 1836, and has held several honorable local positions. dewitt c. walker, Representative in 1840-44-46, and Senator from Macomb county in 1841-2, was born in Vermont in 1813. He was a graduate of Middle- bury college, studied law at the Yale law school, and was admitted to the bar in 1836. He then came to Romeo, Mich. , and continued there in law practice for twenty years. He was prosecuting attorney of Macomb county; a regent of the State University in 1845; a dele- gate in the constitutional convention of 1850; and four years judge of probate. He laid out the village of Capac in 1857, having settled there in 1857, and still resides there. He built a grist and saw mill, donated land for churches, and for many years was president of the village. EDWARD C. WALKER, Representative from Detroit in 1867, was born July 4, 1820, at Butter- nuts, N. Y. He graduated from Yale college in 1842, studied law, attended law school, was admitted to the Detroit bar i*i 1845, and was long a partner of his brother, C. I. Walker, then of Walker & Kent, and lately with his son, of the firm of Walker & Walker. He was a regent of the University from 1864 to 1882, and during the whole term was chairman of the executive committee. In religion a Presbyterian. Politically whig and republican. FREDERICK WALKER, Representative from Genesee county in 1872-3-4, was born in York- shire, England, in 1809. By occupation a farmer and lumberman, politically a Republican. He emigrated to New York city with his parents when two years of age. Settled on a farm in Genesee county, now part of Mt. Morris village, in 1836. He was a justice for twenty years, for thirty-six years a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and twelve years Sabbath school superintendent. Died January 20, 1879. HENRY N. WALKER Was born in Chautauqua county, N. Y., in 1813, and was educated at the Fredonia academy. He came to Detroit in 1834 or 1835, and was 666 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. admitted to practice as an attorney, and was thereafter a leading member of the bar for many years. During his life he held the fol- lowing official positions: 1837, master in chancery; 1843 to 1845, attorney general of the state; 1844, Repreoentative in the legislature, same year Supreme Court reporter; April, 1859, to September, I860, postmaster at Detroit; 1883, state imu migration agent. In business life he had extended relations. In 1836 he was state agent of the Protec- tion insurance company; in 1849, one of the founders and vice presi- dent of the Detroit savings fund institute; 1858 to 1863, president of the Detroit & Milwaukee railroad company; 1861 to 1875, proprietor and editor of the Detroit Free Presa, and during the later portion of this period, was president of the western associated press. In 1845, while attorney general, he was largely instrumental, in a semi-official capacity, in organizing the Michigan Central railroad company, which in 1846 purchased the Central railroad fiom the state. He was influential in securing the building of the Great Western railway of Canada; also in voluntary enterprises, first in the temperance cause in the early days of the movement, 1835-6; as historiographer of Detroit, 1843 to 1845: and when the building of the Detroit observatory at Ann Arbor was first agitated he made a liberal contribution for the build- ing, and also purchased the transit instrument at a cost of |3,500. In politics a Democrat, in religion a Episcopalian. He married Miss Emily Norvel, daughter of the late Senator JohnNorvel, and left two sons and a daughter. Died Feb. 24, 1886. HENRY T. WALKER, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1842-5, was born in Bristol, N. Y., April 29, 1808. P>y profession a physician, in politics a Demo- crat. He came to Michigan in 1836, and settled in Washtenaw county in 1837. For several terms a justice of the peace. Died October 2, 1871. JAMES B. WALKER, Senator from Benzie and several other counties in 1865, was born at Philadelphia, Pa., July 29, 1805. He became an operative in a factory at Pittsburg, and subsequently a printer; was clerk to M. M. Noah in New York, and principal of an academy at New Durham, N. J.; studied law at Ravenna, Ohio; graduated at Western Reserve college, Hudson, Ohio, in 1831; edited successively religious papers at Hudson, Cincinnati and Chicago; was also engaged in the book trade; studied theology and was licensed to preach in 1841; was principal of a private MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 667 orphan asylum at Mansfield, Ohio; lectured on the harmony of science and revealed religion at Oberlin college and Chicago theological sem- inary. He held pastorates at Mansfield, Sandusky and Chicago, and preached several months at Lansing, Michigan. He was author of many theological works published from 1855 to 1870, also of poems published in "Poets and Poetry of the West." His first work, "The Philosophy of the plan of Salvation," had a very large circulation in English, and was translated into several other languages. He was a trustee and interested in the prosperity of Benzonia college, at Benzie, Mich., and resided for some time in Benzonia. He received the degree of D. D. , was the first president of Benzonia college, and gave largely to its support. Died several years since at Wheaton, Illinois. JOHN WALKER WasborninDeerfield,N. Y., May 12,1818. He received a common school education. Settled in Kalamazoo in 1836, and removed to Cooper in 1840. He represented the 3d district of Kalamazoo county in the House in 1869-70-1-2-3-4. In politics a Republican, by occupation a farmer. LEVI WALKER, Representative from Genesee county in 1873, was born in Granville, N. Y., Dec. 20, 1813. He received an academical education, studied law and was admitted to the New York bar in 1835. In 1847 he removed to Michigan and settled in Flint, He held several important a,nd several minor offices in the town and county. He died before the extra session of 1874. SAMUEL S. WALKER Was born at Fredoni;! , N. Y., Juae 11, 1841, and removed with his father to Detroit in 1855. He was educated at the Fredonia academy, and subsequently at the Barstow union school in Detroit, graduating at the University of Michigan in the class of 1861. He removed to St. Johns in 1861, and engaged in the mercantile business until 1865 when he established a banking office at St. Johns, under the firm name of S. S. Walker & Co., continuing that until Septem ber of the same year, when, with others, he organized the first national bank of St. Johns, of which he was cashier until August, 1877. He was a Rep- resentative in 1875, and was regent of the University from 1875 to 1883. 668 michiga;n- biography. SYLVESTER WALKER, Representative from Lenawee county in 1847, was a hatter in ISor- wich, N. Y., in 1813. He settled in Cambridge, Mich., in 1838, opened a hotel at the junction of the Chicago and La Plaisance Bay turnpikes, erected fine buildings, where many a weary traveler found a genial place of rest. In politics a Democrat. Died Dec. 28, 1868. His widow was living in Cambridge in 1887, at the age of ninety. JAMES WALKINSHAW, Representative from Calhoun county in 1877, was born in the parish of Boithwick, Mid Lothian, Scotland, July 10, 1810. He was edu- cated in the common schools. He emigrated in 1842 to Marshall, Mich., and was employed by the state railroad authorities as ware- houseman-there, and also in the same capacity at Kalamazoo, until the Michigan Central company bought the railroad. He then settled in Convis on a farm. He was supervisor for twelve years. In politics a Republican. JOHN B. WALLACE, Representative from Wayne county in 18^9, was born in Steuben county, N. Y., Oct. 22, 1809, and came to Michigan in 1832. By occu- pation a farmer and lumberman. He ran the first saw mill in Wayne county propelled by water. He served many years as postmaster at Wallaceville (to which he gave his name), and has held most of the responsible local offices of his township. After a residence of more than fifty years on the farm whifch he located, removed to Detroit in 1885, where he now resides. Politics, republican. FRANKLIN B. WALLIN, Representative from Allegan county in 1861-2, was born in Nelson, Pa., March 25, 1832. By occupation a tanner; in politics a Republi- can. He came with his parents to Michigan in 1836, who located at McCoys Creek, Berrien county. He learned the tanner's trade. In 1853 he removed to Saugatuck, where with his father and brother, he operated three tanneries under the firm name of C. C. Wallin & Sons, the store being in Chicago. He built a tannery in Grand Rapids in 1882, where he now resides. MICHIGAN BIOGRAI'JAY. 669 GEORGE W. WALTHEW, Representative from the first district of Wayne county in 1885, was barn at St. Thomas, Ontario, May 30, 1860. His parents removed vsrith him to Detroit in 1862. He drifted to Colorado when eighteen years of age, retured to Detroit when twenty-one, and shortly afterwards became manager of the firm of A. Walthew & Sons, scenic artists of Detroit. In October, 1883, he took up the study of the law; was admitted to the bar in 1884; became the candidate of the labor party of Detroit for the legislature; was afterwards put upon the democratic and greenback ticket and elected. ANDREW WALTON, Representative from Bay county in 1875-9, was born at Batavia, X. Y., Jan. 11, 1826, but removed to Ohio when young. He received an academical education. In 1863 he removed to Bay City. Occupation, lumber merchant. He was a member of the board of education, and a commissioner of the Bay City water- works for many years. He was one of the original proprietors of the state bank of Bay City, and one of the directors until its consolidation with the second national bank, and then was elected a director. Politics, democratic. JACOB WALTON, Representative from Lenawee county in 1869-70-1-2-3-4, was born in Buckingham, Pa., Feb. 10, 1818. He received a common school education. In 1834 emigrated to Michigan and settled in Saline. In 1851 removed to Raisin, Lenawee county, where tie stiU resides. By occupation a farmer. In politics a Republican. JOSEPH WALTZ, Representative from Wayne county in 1879-85, was born in Detroit, May 24, 1844. He received his education in the public schools, receiving also a full commercial education. Mr. Waltz is a merchant, but deals extensively in lumber and real estate. He has filled various township offices, having been for two years township clerk, and for two terms justice, also supervisor of the township of Huron, in which he resides. Politically a Democrat. EDGAR B. WARD Was born in Castleton, N. Y., Sept. 27, 1835, and removed with his parents to Washtenaw county, Mich., in 1836. He was educated at 75 670 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. Lodi academy, and in 1854 taught school near Millersburg, Ky. In the fall of 1854 he began the study of medicine at the "University of Michigan, and graduated in 1858. He went to Centreville, Iowa, and engaged in medical practice. In 1859 he returned to Owosso Mich., to practice, and in 1862 removed to Laingsburg, where he now resides, and continues the practice of his profession. He is a Repub- lican. In 1869-70 he was a Representative. LYMAN M. WARD, Representative from Berrien county in 1879-81-2, was born in Cat- taraugus county, N. Y., Oct, 5, 1836. He removed to Wisconsin in 1850, and thence to Michigan in 1866. He was educated in common and high schools. He is ja fruit grower by occupation. In 1861 enlisted in the three months' service and was appointed orderly sergeant of company I, first regiment Wisconsin Vol. Inft. After the expira- tion of that term re-enlisted for three years, receiving a captain's commission. He was successively promoted to major, lieutenant colonel, and colonel of the fourteenth regt., Wis. V. V. Inft. He was in command of a brigade for two years and received the brevet rank of brigadier general. ROBERT E. WARD, Representative from Berrien county in 1837, was born in Albany, N. Y. He came to the village of Berrien Springs in 1835, and was a merchant, the partner of Pitt Brown. On a petition drawn by him to the postoffice department, the village name was changed from Ber- rien to Berrien Springs, so named from valuable medical springs. He was a county commissioner in 1837. Removed to Detroit, where he died in 1847. ROBERT WARDEN Emigrated from Greenock, Scotland, in 1832, and after a brief resi- cence in Onondaga county, N. Y., purchased with Governor Bingham a large tract of land in Green Oak, Mich., upon which they »ettled in 1833. Gov. Bingham had two wives, both of whom were sisters of Mr. Warden, while his wife was a sister of Governor Bingham. He was a farmer and was supervisor of Green Oak, first in 1838, and served six times afterwards in that capacity. He was a delegate in the constitutional convention of 1850. First a Democrat, a Repub- lican after 1854. Deceased. MICHIGAN BIOGKAPHY. 671 GUERNSEY P. WARING, Representative from Lenawee county in 1881-3, was born August 31, 1853, in Ridge way, Mich. He attended school until of age; after- wards taught a few terms; and has since mingled farming with'mer- cantile business in the land of his adoption. EDWARD A. WARNER, Senator from Branch county in 1843-3, was born in 1813 or 1818. He is said to have been in Marshall, Mich., in 1837. Settled at Cold- water in 1838, and engaged in practice as a lawyer. He was an agreeable and intelligenc young man, and had obtained a good prac- tice at the time of his death, February 1, 1844. HARVEY WARNER Was born at Glens Falls, N. Y., April 5, 1809. In 1830 he came to Michigan, soon settled at Cold water, and built the first frame house and the first frame store and the first church in that city. He was postmaster in 1833, and held the office many years. He was justice in 1834, and held that position 34 years. He was a delegate to the first convention of assent at Ann Arbor, was judge of probate from 1849 to 1857, and for several years president of the village of Coldwater. P. DEAN WARNER, Representative from Oakland county in 1851, 1865-7, and speaker of the House in 1867, was born in Hector, N. Y., August 18, 1833. He came with his father to Farmington, Mich. , in 1835. At fourteen he was a clerk in a country store, where he remained nine years. In 1845 became a merchant at Farmington, and still resides there, in the same business. He had a fair education. In politics, first a Demo- crat, since a Republican. He was deputy postmaster three years; three times town clerk; supervisor five terms, and fifteen years a member of the board of control of railroads by appointment of the governor. He was Senator in 1869-70. WILLIAM WARNER, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1851, was born in Con- necticut in 1806. He settled as a farmer in Dexter, Mich., in 1836. 672 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. He owns several large farms and has been engaged in the lumber and hardware trade. In politics a Republican. WILLIAM WARNER, Representative from Detroit in 1863-4-7, was born at Pittsford, Vt., Jan. 28, 1813. He graduated at Middlebury college, and studied for the ministry, but abandoned it from health considerations. He was several years treasurer of the University of Vermont at Burlington, and subsequently connected with the Vermont Central railroad, until he came to Detroit in 1855. He was 4.here engaged in the lumber business until, in 1860, he became connected with the Detroit bridge and iron works, of which he was president at the time of his death in July, 1668. WILLIAM E. WARNER Was born in 1820, in New York, and came to Michigan in 1837. His early occupations were those of teacher and clerk in Rawsonville. He was a justice in 1845, and held the office of supervisor for many years. He was Representative in 1853, Senator in 1859-63-4, was reg- ister of deeds 1865 69, and a member of the constitutional convention of 1867. He died at Belleville, Sept. 6, 1879. He is listed as a lawyer, though combining the qualities of farmer, politician and general bus- iness man in about equal degree. He was a Democrat. ^ ASA K. WARREN, Representative from Eaton county in 1873-4, and Senate;* in 1875, was born in Eden. N. Y., Jan. 29, 1830. He is a graduate of Oberlin col- lege, of the class of '53, He is also a graduate of the medical depart- ment of the University, of the class of '56. He became a resident of Michigan in 1859, and settled in Olivet, where he still resides. He has been a member of the common council of the town ever since its organization. He still continues in the practice of his profession. In politics a Republican. ROBERT L. WARREN, Representative from Van Buren county in 1883, was born in Benning- ton, Mich., January 2, 1842. He removed to Flint when a boy, resid- ing there till 1869. He entered Michigan University in 1860, leaving there to enter the military service in the late rebellion, serving until MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 673 the close of the Vicksburg campaign, when he was discharged by reason of disability. Entered law department Michigan University in 1864, and graduated in 1*^66, began the practice of law, continuing about one year, then assuming the duties of local editor on the Wol- verine Citizen. Subsequently removed to Bay City, taking control of the Journal of that city, which he converted into a daily, and con- ducted it until sold to Hon. James Birney. Also published Saginaw Daily Enterprise. Removed to Van Buren county in 1875, and pub- lished the Lawrence Advertiser, and was editor and publisher of the Decatur Republican. He now resides at Albion, and is editor and publisher of the Albion Recorder. SAMUEL N. WARREN, Representative from Genesee county in 1848, was born in Orwell, Vt. , Sept. 15, 1813. Attended district school and Shoreham academy; taught school in Benson, Vt., in 1829; came to Michigan in 1833, and taught school; at the age of twenty-two was a justice and supervisor, holding the latter office most of the time for forty years; was post- master at Fentonville; director of schools in Flint for ten years; for many years chairman of the congressional committee in the sixth district; and collector of internal revenue for that district under Lin- coln. Married Anne R. West in 1834, and celebrated his golden wed- ding at Albion, where he now resides. Was a Whig until 1854, since a Republican. STEPHEN H. WARREN, Senator from Montcalm and other counties in 1857-8, was born in Esopus, N. Y., in 1806. Left an orphan at the age of seven, he went to live with his brother at Herkimer, N. Y., where he remained until 1843, when he settled in Eureka, Montcalm county, as a farmer. In politics a Democrat until 1854, then a Republican. He held the office of justice. Died April 29, 1878. NORMAN B. WASHBURN, Representative from Lenawee county in 1887, was born in Adrian, Mich., Aug. 13, 1849, where he has since resided. He received a common school education, and at tlie age of seventeen learned telegraphy, but in the following year became an iron molder, which occupation, with the trade of bricklayer, he has since followed. He was a charter member and commissioned officer in the Adrian light 674 MICHIGAN BICGRAPHT. guard, and served from 1870 to 1876. He was elected Representative as a labor candidate and on the democratic ticket, receiving 1,733 votes to 1,724 for Capt. J. H. Lee, Republican, and 245 for C. E. Mitchell, Prohibitionist. JOHN C. WATERBURY, Representative in 1861-2, and Senator in 1871-2-7, was born Nov. 27, 1815, at Andes, N. Y. He received a common school education, and removed to Leroy, Mich., in 1838. From 1840 to 1847 resided at St. Clair, then removed to Lexington, where he still resides. He has held many offices, including justice, judge of probate, assistant assessor of internal revenue, and deputy U. S. marshal. In politics first a Whig, a Republican since 1854. He for years dealt in bonds and mortgages, and did much to develop the resources of the Huron shore. CHARLES W. WATKINS, Representative from Allegan county in 1871-2-3, was born in East Salem, N. Y., March 5, 1844. He received an academical education. In 1856 removed to Leighton, Mich. He entered the 6th Michigan cavalry as a private in 1861; was transferred to the lOtli Michigan cavalry in 1863, was commissioned as lieutenant; served as adjutant of the regiment for a brief period, and was made a captain by brevet for gallant and meritorious services. He followed the jpercantile business in Allegan county, but removed some years since to Grand Rapids, where he is engaged in the insurance business. In politics a Republican. ERWIN C. WATKINS, Representative from Kent county in 1873-4-5, was born in Middle- bury, N. Y., January 15, 1839. He received a common school educa- tion. In 1844 emigrated to Michigan and settled in Grattan, Kent county, and subsequently removed to Rockford. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1861. In the same year he enlisted in a company of cavalry, and when the company was incorporated in the first New York regiment of cavalry, was commissioned lieuten- ant, and subsequently received a commission as' captain, '^n 1863 he was appointed assistant adjutant general of the department of West Virginia, and subsequently assigned to the staff ol Gen. W. H. Seward, where he served until the war ended. He has held several local positions. By occupation a lumber merchant. He is now warden at the house of correction at Ionia. He was an Indian agent in the west for some years. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 675 FREEMAN C. WATKINS, Representative from Jackson county in 1861, and delegate in the constitutional convention of 1867, was born in Surry, N. H., March 29, 1811. Taught primary schools in New Hampshire and Michigan from 1829 to 1831. Located his farm in Napoleon in 1833, and was an early pioneer of Jackson county. Was supervisor and justice. A Democrat until 1854, then a Republican. Died June 10, 1880. MILTON C. WATKINS, Representative in 1859, and Senator in 1863-4-5, from Kent county, was born in Rutland, Vt., in 1806. He received a common school and academical education. After the age of eighteen was engaged several years in teaching. In 1830 he married Susan Joy, and settled on a farm in Covington, N. Y. , where he taught winters, and worked as a carpenter summers, and was also justice and school inspector. In 1844, settled on a farm in Grattan, Mich., where he resided until his death. May 16, 1886. He was the first supervisor of Grattan, and held that and the office of justice, nearly twenty-five years. He was U. S. assistant assessor until the office was abolished. In politics a. Whig until 1854, then a Republican. FRANK H. WATSON, Representative from Shiawassee county in 1887, was born in Shia- wassee, same county, November 14, 1857. He received his education at district and union schools and worked on his father's farm sum- mers and taught winters, until twenty-one years of age, when he entered a law office in Corunna, and was admitted to the bar in 1881. He went to Colorado, but remained only about one year, when he returned to Corunna and commenced the practice of his profession, remaining there until the spring of 1885, when he removed to Owosso,. where he still resides. He has been twice elected circuit court com- missioner, and is a Republican. HENRY WATSON, Representative from Montcalm county, was born in Nottingham- shire, England, January 29, 1836. By occupation a lumberman and farmer. He has filled the office of justice of the peace fifteen years, township clerk two years, has been a school officer twenty years, and Representative for 1885-6. He is a Republican, and was 676 MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY. reelected for 1887-8 by a vote of 1,806 to 1,616 for Henry Sharp, and 221 for Frank Fuller, Prohibitionist. JOHN WM. WATTS, Representative from Jackson county in 1887, was born at Leoni, Mich., Jan. 13, 1838, and has always been a resident of that county. He is a farmer. He has held the office of supervisor six years, clerk of his township seven years, and filled other town offices. He is a Republican, and was elected Representative by a vote of 2,547 to 2,135 for Daniel Boynton, Fusionist, and 653 for Lester E. Palmer, Prohibitionist. CHARLES W. WEATHERBY, Representative from Branch county in 1861-2, was born in Washing- ton county, N. Y., Jan. 19, 1810. By occupation a mechanic; in politics a Republican. He settled at Bronson, Mich., in 1836, where he held several local positions, and was a justice. He removed to Missouri in 1865, was a resident of Kansas City for two years, and now resides at Shelbina, Mo. NATHAN WEBB ^as born in Middlesex, N. Y., Jan. 25, 1808. He received a good education, mostly from private teachers, and in 1836 received his diploma as a physician, and practiced at Rushville, N. Y. In 1846 removed to Pittsfield, Mich., and purchased a farm, where he resided until his death, Dec. 3, 1884. For many years he was supervisor, also justice. In 1861-2 he was Senator. He was first an Anti-Mason, then a Democrat, and from 1854 a Republican. He sent three sons to the war, and served as a surgeon for several months. His wide information, literary tastes, firm principles and ready wit, made him . a man of mark and influence. ANDREW J. WEBBER, "Representative from Ionia county in 1885-7, was born in Steuben county, N. Y., Jan. 3, 1831. He received a good common school education, removed to Michigan in 1852, and for four years was engaged in lumbering on the west shore, then for ten years was a farmer and merchant. Has been largely interested in lumbering in Mecosta county. He has been mayor of Ionia, twice president of the county agricultural society, director and vice president of the second MICHIGAK BIOGRAPHY. 677 national bank, and president of Ionia farmers' insurance company. In politics a Republican. GEORGE W. WEBBER, Of Ionia, was born in Newburg, Vt., Nov. 25, 1825. He removed to Steuben county, N. Y., in 1828; received a public school education, and worked on his parents' farm until his twentieth year, when he engaged in lumbermg and mercantile business for himself. He married in 1850 and removed to northern Michigan in 1852, whe^e he continued the lumber business until 1858. Since then he has been a resident of Ionia county. He has been interested in farming, and in building in Ionia, where ho has had the management of a mercantile business. He has also carried on lumbering operations in Mecosta county since 1866. He was one of the founderSfOf the second national bank of Ionia, and has been its president. He iias also been mayor of the city two terms. He was elected Representative in congress.by a vote of 22,824, to 11,435 for L. H. Randall, Democrat, and 9,506 for J. C. Blanchard, National, and served one term, declining a re- nomination. In politics a Republican. WILLIAM L. WEBBER, Senator from Saginaw county in 1875, was born in Ogden, N. Y., July 19, 1835. He removed with his father to Hartland, Mich., in 1836. He received a common school education, taught school, studied medicine two years, then taught select school at Milford two years. Studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1851. He became a resi- dent of East Saginaw in 1853, where he now resides. He practiced law until 1869. In 1857 he became the attorney of the Flint & Pere Marquette railroad company, and still holds that place. He was land commissioner of the road from 1870 to 1885. A director of the road since 1S64. Has also been president of the Tuscola & Huron railroad; trustee and executor of the estate of Jesse Hoyt; circuit court com- missioner of Saginaw county, 1854-5; prosecuting attorney; mayor of East Saginaw; democratic candidate for governor in 1876, and president of the state agricultural society in 1878. In politics a Democrat. ALANSON J. WEBSTER Was born in Pontiac, Mich., Aug. 21, 1837. He lived in Pontiac until 1851, then removed to White Lake, Oakland county. He was super- 76 678 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. visor seven years, township treasurer and justice, and in 1871-3 a Representative. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Democrat. Died in 1875. JAMES WEBSTER, Representative from Oakland county in 1846, was born in Litchfield, Conn., in 1811. He came to Michigan in 1838. Was by trade a blacksmith, but became a Methodist preacher; politically a Democrat. He removed to Fairfax, Va., in 1858. JOSEPH WEIER, Representative from Monroe county in 1869-70, was born in Wackern- heim, Germany, March 4, 1832. He came to Monroe, Mich., in 1849, where he now resides. He kept a grocery store and boarding house for years with success. Has been an alderman. About 1868 he became interested in the planting of vineyards and the making of wine, his trade extending over many states. For some years has been retired from business. In politics a Democrat. JAMES D. WEIR, Senator from Wayne county in 1879, was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., May 20, 1832. He received his education from private teachers. In 1847 removed to Detroit, and in 1848 apprenticed himself to the foun- dry business, which he followed up to 1850. He then studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1860. He has been collector of fourth ward, school inspector, alderman, county clerk, judge of probate, and member of the board of education. In politics a Democrat. HENRY W. WEISS, Representative from Gratiot county in 1885, was born in Champion, Ohio, in 1843. Came to Michigan in 1873, and for some years followed the occupation of lumberman, when purchasing the land upon which he now resides, in Sumner, he engaged in farming, which occupation he still continues. He was a member of the 84th Ohio volunteer infantry, serving his full time of enhstment; has been supervisor, and was elected as a candidate on the fusion ticket. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 679 HENRY B. WELCH, Representative from Monroe county in 1873-4, was born in Augusta, Mich., Aug. 2, 1833. He was educated in common schools. In 1866 he removed to Monroe county, and settled in Exeter, where he now resides. By occupation a farmer. JOHN WELCH, Senator from Saginaw county in 1881-2, was born in Augusta, Me,, Sept. 5, 1825. He received a common school education, and at thir- teen was apprenticed to a blacksmith. After one year he became a sailor, and followed it six years, rising to the position of second mate. In 1846 he went into the lumber business, and in 1863 settled at White River, Mich., where he remained until 1872, since that time has resided at East Saginaw. Is a successful lumberman, and also a farmer. Has been twice mayor of East Saginaw, and held positions as alderman and supervisor. In politics a Republican. JOHN B. WELCH, Representative from Ionia county in 1863-4-5, was born in the state of New York, March 22, 1816. He came to Michigan in 1836. He cut the timber on the public square at Ionia. He was commandant to raise the 21st Michigan infantry, and recruited 2,000 men for various regiments at a great sacrifice of time and money. He was a Republi- can while a legislator, now a Greenbacker, living at Ionia. ERASTU8 J. WELKER, Representative from Branch county in 1873-4-7, was born in Walnut, Ohio, Sept. 3, 1825. In 1832 he removed with his parents to Seneca county, Ohio, they being the second family on the Seneca reserva- tion. He was educated in common schools. In 1866 he removed to Kinderhook, Branch county. By occupation a blacksmith. For sev- eral years has been an officer at the Ionia house of correction. In politics a Republican. CHARLES WELLMAN, Representative from St. Clair county in 1885-7, was born in Canada^ Jan. 18, 1847. Came to Michigan with his parents in 1853; been engaged in various occupations, now in the milling and mercantile 680 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. business at Port Huron. He has been an alderman and member of the board of estimates. Elected as a Fusionist. FRANKLIN WELLS Was born at Salem, N. Y., April 19, 1823. He came to Constantine, Mich., in 1837, and is a merchant and farmer. He has been a mem- ber of the state board of agriculture since 1873, and his present term will expire in 1891. Has served several years on the state republican committee. FREDERICK L. WELLS, Senator from «t. Clair county in 1873-4-5, was born March 34, 1833, in Stanford, N. Y. He received a common school education, and was instructed in the classics by a private tutor. In 1838 he emigrated to Michigan, and settled in Port Huron, where he now resides. He has served as mayor, city clerk, chief engineer, and alderman. He was also a member of the House in 1871-2. By occupation a lumber mer- chant. Politically a Republican. HENRY B. WELLS Was born at Hartwick, N. Y., Feb. 4, 1829. In 1835 removed with his father to Charleston, Mich., where he received a common school education. In 1848 bought a farm in Wayne, Cass county, which has since been his home. For a time was in mercantile business in Dowagiac. In company with Z. Jarvis he built a grain elevator, and was extensively engaged in the produce business. He was super- visor several years, and was a Representative in 1867. In politics a Republican. HEZEKIAH G. WELLS Was born June 16, 1812, at Steubenville, Ohio, and was educated at Kenyon college. He studied law and settled at Kalamazoo, Mich., in 1833. In 1835 was a delegate in the constitutional convention, and the youngest member of that body. From 1845 to 1849 he performed circuit court duties as judge. He was a delegate in the constitutional convention of 1850. In 1862, largely by his efforts, the 25th Michigan infantry was mustered into service. He was a member of the state board of agriculture from 1861 to 1883, and most of the time its presi- dent. In 1873 he was one of eighteen appointed to revise the state constitution. In 1874 he was appointed presiding judge of "the MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 681 court of commissioners of Alabama claims," and that court distrib- uted over $9,000,000 of the " Geneva award " to claimants. The court was re-established in 1882, and he was again its presiding officer. For many years he was an active member of the historical committee of the state pioneer society, and was president in 1880. He was a man of commanding form, fine personal appearance, and a recog- nized leader in the republican party. First a Whig, a Republican after 1854. Died at Kalamazoo, April 4, 1885, leaving a wife, but no children. HENRY H. WELLS, Representative from Detroit in 1855, was born in Rochester, N. Y., September 17, 1813, and came to Detroit at the age of twenty-one, where he studied law and was admitted to practice. He entered the military service as lieutenant colonel of the twenty-sixth Michigan infantry, in October, 1862, was promoted to the colonelcy of the same regiment March 30, 1864, and was brevetted brigadier general in 1865. In April, 1868, he was appointed provisional governor of Virginia, holding the position until 1869. Was U. S. district attorney for Virginia, 1869-71, and U. S. district attorney for the district of Columbia, from September, 1875, to January, 1880. Politics Republi- can; present residence, Washington, D. C. MARSHALL M. WELLS Was born in Genesee, N. Y., in August, 1822. His father settled at an early date on a farm in Lyon, Oakland county, where the son was reared. In 1845 he became a clerk in the office of the auditor gen- eral. He was a Representative from Oakland county in 1850, as a Democrat . Under Buchanan he was a deputy U. S. marshal. For eighteen months he was sutler of the 11th Michigan infantry. WILLIAM P. WELLS, Representative from Detroit to the legislature of 1865, was born at St. Albans, Vt., February 15, 1831. He graduated from the University of Vermont in 1851, from Harvard law school in 1854, was admitted to the Vermont bar in 1855, and settled in practice at Detroit in 1856. He was a partner of Judge J. V. Campbell until 1858. He was a member of the Detroit board of education in 1863-4; law lecturer at the University in 1874-5, and Kent professor of law from 1876 to 1886, when he resigned. In politics a Democrat. C82 illCtllGAN BIOGRAPHY. GEORGE T. WENDELL Was born at Albany, N. Y. He was a resident of Mackinaw Island at an early day. In politics a Democrat, and a 'Representative in 1857-9. He was a merchant, and held many local positions, and was probate judge of Mackinac county at the time of his death, October 10, 1879, then about sixty. JOHN A. WENDELL, Representative from Oakland county in 1843, was born in Charlton, N. Y., October 19, 1788. He settled as a farmer in Rose, Oakland county, in 1836, and in 1837 was elected the first supervisor, and was re-elected in 1838-9-40-1-3-4. He was also town clerk and justice of the peace, and was postmaster of Rose from 1837 until his death, in 1858. He was a solaier of the war of 1812. JACOB A. T. WENDELL, Representative from Mackinac county in 1855, 1865-9-70, was born in Albany, N. Y., April 12, 1826, and died November 25, 1879. He be- came a resident of Mackinaw Island in 1829. Had a good education and was a merchant, doing much to develop the commerce of northern Michigan. He was a Democrat, and once candidate for lieutenant governor. WILLIAM B. WESSON, Senator from Wayne county in 1873-4, was born March 20, 1820, in Hardwick, Mass. He received an academical education. He has extensive business relations, is president of the Wayne county sav- ings bank; president of the trust and security and safe deposit com- pany, of Detroit; president of the Hamtramck street railway; a director of the Detroit, Lansing & Lake Michigan railroad, and is one of the trustees of the Detroit medical college. His business is that of a dealer in real estate. ANSEL W. WESTGATE, Senator from Cheboygan and other counties in 1887, was born in Lenawee county, Mich., Aug. 24, 1841; he resided in Michigan twenty-three years; was educated at Hillsdale college. He then went to Massachusetts, where he remained until 1879; then removed to Alpena and was pastor of the Congregational church in that city MICHIGAN- BIOGRAPHY. 683 four years. He is at present a merchant and insurance agent; has been a resident of Cheboygan three years. Has been school inspector, county examiner and supervisor. Politically a Republican. THOMAS J. WEST, Representative from Berrien county in 1873-4-5, was born in William- ston, N. Y., May 22, 1831. He received a high school education. In 1835 he removed to Michigan and settled in Charleston, Kalamazoo county. In 1864 removed to Berrien county and settled in Bain bridge, where he still resides. By occupation a farmer. LUrHER WESTOVER, Representative in 1869-70, from Bay county, was born in Berkshire county, Mass., April 24, 1817, and received an academical education. In 1845 shipped a cargo of lumber to Connecticut, which proving profitable, he went to Canada and engaged in lumbering. Removed to Bay City in 1865; was engaged in lumbering until 1874; established the exchange bank, which in 1873 was merged into the state bank. He was active in the completion of the J., L. & S. railroad, and was three years a director. A Democrat until 1861, since a Republican. HEZEKIAH WETHERBEE, Representative from St. Joseph county in 1857, was born in Washing- ton county, N. Y., in 1802. liy occupation a miller and farmer, in politics first whig then republican. He settled in Throe Rivers in 1833, helped build the first flouring mill in that place, worked as a milljr in that mill until 1836, when the Emery mill was built, where he worked for twelve years, and also one winter at the Hoffman mill. In 1836 he entered land five miles from Three Rivers which after- wards became his farm home. He was for fourteen years supervisor. Died in 1873. AMOS R. WHEELER, Representative from Oceana county in 1873-4-5, was born in Caven- dish, Vt., Sept. 12, 1815. He received a common school education, emigrated to Kane coanty, III., in 1835, and in 1853 to Benoa, Oceana county, Mich. Has baen county treasurer, and held several offices in town and county. By occupation a lumberman. (384 AllCillGAX BIOGRAPHY. CALVIN WHEELER, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1851, was born in Living- ston county, N. Y., Jan. 28, 1806. He settled as a farmer in Salem, Washtenaw county, in 1830, He held every town office except con- stable; was postmaster at Salem several years, and station agent on the D., L. & N. R. R. for eight years. HARRISON H. WHEELER Was born at Hadley, Mich., March 22, 1839. He was brought up on a farm and attended school winters. Taught school winters from 1857 to 1861. -He enlisted as a private in the 10th Michigan infantry, and rose to the rank of captain. He was wounded three times, the last crippling his left arm for life. He served in the army over three years. In 1867 he commenced the study of law with Judge Marston, at Bay City, and was admitted to the bar in 1869. He served as Sena- tor from Bay county in 1871-2-8. He then removed to Ludington,. was appointed circuit judge in 1874, and was afterwards elected by the support of both parties. He resigned in 1878, and has since been engaged in the practice of law. In politics a Republican. ISAAC P. WHEELER, Representative from Jackson county in 1873, was born at Sudbury, Mass., Aug. 10, 1817. He received a common school education. In 1836 came to Michigan and located where he now resides, on a farm in Pulaski, Jackson county. He has been supervisor seven terms, postmaster for twenty years, and held other township offices. By occupation a farmer. JAMES WHEELER, Representative from Lenawee county in 1835-6, was born in Saratoga county, N. Y., March 21, 1793. Later he lived in Wheeler, Steuben county, N. Y., a town named from the family. He settled in Tecum- seh, Michigan, in 1834, and was a justice from 1837 to 1841. A farmer, in politics a Democrat. Died at Tecumseh, February 20, 1854. LYCURGUS J. WHEELER, Representative from Barry county in 1883, was born in Wheeler, N. Y., Feb. 9, 1830. He came with his father to Washtenaw county, MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 68^ Mich. , in 1835, removing to Woodland, Barry county, in 1842. He received an academical education, and taught several years. Served three years in the war, then located at Nashville as a merchant, and is still in that business. Has held several local offices. Politically a Republican. CHARLES W. WHIPPLE, Representative from Detroit in 1835-6-7, and speaker of the House in 1837, son of Major John Whipple, of the United States army, was born in Fort Wayne, Ind. , in 1805, was educated at West Point, sub- sequently studied law, and began practice in Detroit. He was princi- pal secretary of the constitutional convention of 1835. He was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court in 1838, and chief justice in 1848, and in 1852 was elected judge of the circuit in which the county of Berrien was then situated. Judge Whipple died while in office, October, 1855, after a continuous service of seventeen years on the bench. He was also a member of the constitutional convention of 1850, as a delegate from Berrien county. He was secretary of the sixth legislative council in 1835, was county register in 1836, a master in chancery, and school inspector in Detroit. Was a Democrat in politics. HENRY L. WHIPPLE, Auditor General of the state during a short interregnum in that office in 1842, was a son of Major John Whipple, born in Detroit in 1816. His pursuits were official in connection with the state departments at Detroit and Lansing. He was connected with the auditor general's office after the removal of the capital to Lansing. He died in Detroit in 1849. His politics will be inferred as democratic from his official connection. ALPHEUS WHITE, Member of the constitutional convention of 1835, from Detroit, was a native of Ireland. He was lieutenant of a company of which his brother was captain, which did gallant service in the defense of New Orleans, under Gen. Jackson. He became an architect, and in 1830 was a resident of Cincinnati. He came to Detroit in 1834, and the provision of the constitution giving suffrage to, the then alien resi- dents of the state was the result of his efforts in the convention. He had command of the artillery arm of the Michigan forces during the Toledo war. He was a Democrat, and a devout Catholic, and was the founder of Trinity church. 77 6SiJ MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. DARWIN O. WHITE Was born Sept 8, 1835. He was a farmer, a Democrat, and resided at Southfield, Oakland county. He held the local offices of town clerk, treasurer, school inspector, and supervisor, the last several times. He was a Representative in 1869-70-1-2. Died July 8, 1885. FRANK G. WHITE, Senator from the upper peninsula in 1871-2, was born in Massachusetts in 1832, Came to Houghton, Michigan, in 1853, and was engaged in mining until 1884. Since that time has been a resident of Leadville, Colorado. Politically a Republican. GEORGE H. WHITE, Representative from Kent county in 1863-4, was born at Dresden, N. Y., September 9, 1822. Received a common school education, and was a clerk in Indiana until 1842, when he removed to Grands Rapids. He was a clerk there two years, and was, in 1844, elected register of deeds, and was also partner of Amos Rathbun. He conducted a store at Rockford for five years,. returned to Grand Rapids; was a super- visor, and mayor in 1861-2. He was a lumberman from 1863 to 1865; then engaged in the manufacture of plaster. He has built, with Amos Rathbun, many stores, and has been a director of the G. R. & I. railroad, and of the Continental Improvement company. A Whig until 1854, since a Democrat. JAMES E. WHITE, Representative from Oceana county in 1881-2-3, was born in Kalama- zoo, Mich., April 8, 1839. He attended Albion college in 1857-8. He went into the army in 1861, as lieutenant in the 13th Michigan infan- try, and became a captain in 1863. After leaving the army was en- gaged in mercantile business at Way land until 1875, when he removed to Pentwater, engaged in the hardware trade, and the manufacture of shingles. In politics a Republican. JAMES H. WHITE, Representative from St. Clair county in 1879-81-2, was born at Whites- boro, N. Y., April 28, 1822. He received an academical education; was in business in Utica two years, the same time at Ann Arbor* MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. G87 Mich , and at Yonkers, N. Y. In 1849 settled at Port Huron, and en- gaged in farming, insurance, banking and real estate. From 1855 to 1859 was sheriff, was an alderman four years, deputy collector of customs 1867 to 1876, and has held other offices. Politically, a Repub- lican. JONATHAN R. WHITE, Representative from Lapeer county in 1855, was born in South Hadley, Mass., Sept. 10, 1806. By profession a lawyer; politically a Republican. He came to Michigan in 1831, and was commissioned a colonel of state militia in 1835 by Gov. Mason. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1850. Died July 12, 1881. OLIVER K. WHITE, Representative from Oceana county in 1877, was born in Clinton county, N. Y., Feb. 15, 1831, removing three months subsequently to Erie county, where he received a common school education. In 1853 he removed to Cattaraugus county, where for two years he held the positions of township superintendent of schools and justice. In 1857 he removed to Michigan and settled in Grant, where he still resides. He has been supervisor six years, and was sheriff of Oceana county during 1875-76. In politics a Republican. ORRIN WHITE, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1842, was born in Pal- myra, N. Y., Oct. 25, 1796. He received a fair education, served in the war of 1812, and was for several years engaged in mercantile business at Palmyra. He settled as a farmer in the town of Ann Arbor, Mich., in 1824. He was a supervisor, judge, justice, and sheriff, also a member of the constitutional convention of 1835. He was a colonel of militia. Died in 1864. PETER WHITE Was born at Rome, N. Y., Oct. 31, 1831, and has been a resident of Michigan since 1835. He went to Marquette in 1849, before a tree had been felled upon the site bf that beautiful city, still his home. He was five years register of the U. S. land office at Marquette; 688 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. eight years county clerk and register of deeds; deputy collector of the port of Marquette six years; postmaster ten years; for many years assessor and treasurer of the union school; cashier or president of the national bank of Marquette since 1864; and has held other positions. He was a Representative from Marquette and Chippewa counties in 1857, and was Senator in 1875. He has been in all kinds of business, and has always been a leading man in the upper peninsula. In politics a Democrat. SHUBAEL WHITE, Senator from Mason and other counties in 1883, was born at Marshall, Mich., June '^, 1841. Graduated at the University of Michigan in 1864. Served in the war in the 28th Michigan infantry, and rose from a private to the rank of captain. Was a provost marshal in North Carolina in 1865-6. He graduated at the Albany law school in 1867, and engaged in law practice at Ludington. He was a circuit judge in 1873-4. Politically a Republican. THOMAS WHITE Was born in Royalton, N. Y., and his education was that of common schools. He emigrated with his parents to Novi, Michigan, in 1833, who settled upon a farm. The son engaged alternately in teaching and farming. In 1852 he settled on a farm in Northfield and was successful. In 1868 removed to Ann Arbor, and became secretary and managing director of the Washtenaw mutual insurance company, which he managed with great success. Politically a Democrat, then a Free Soiler, and eventually a Republican. He was a Representative in 1867. Died May 10, 1868. THOMAS W. WHITE, Representative in 1844, was born in Ashfield, Mass., Nov. 15, 1805. He settled in Grand Haven in 1836, and was a lumberman by occu- pation. He was an active business man at Grand Haven for thirty years, when he removed to Grand Rapids. In politics first vWhig, then Republican. Died Jan. 5, 1884. WILLIAM E. WHITE, Representative in 1865, was born June 29, 1814. By occupation a carpenter, in politics a Whig, then a Republican. Came to Kalama- MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. zoo in 1835, lived there until 1862, when he removed to Wayland, Allegan county, where he now resides. He was sheriff of Kalamazoo county from 1858 to 1863; was a member of the constitutional con- vention of 1867; village trustee, marshal and constable of Wayland. HENRY WHITING, Regent of the University from 1859 to 1865, was born in Bath, N. Y., February 7, 1818, attended common schools until thirteen, was a clerk four years, then attended grammar school, and became a cadet at West Point in 1836, graduating in 1840, in the same class with Sher- man and Thomas. He was a lieutenant in the army until 1846, then resigned, became a resident of St. Clair, Mich., and took charge of an academy. In 1848 engaged in lumber business until 1851, and con- tinued in mercantile business until 1861. He then became colonel of the 2d Vermont infantry, took part in the first battle of Bull Run, and in 1862 commanded the Vermont brigade, and was at Fredricks- burg and in other battles, resigning in 1863, and again becoming a merchant at St. Clair. A Republican until 1876, then a Greenbacker. Deceased. JUSTIN R. WHITING, Of St. Clair, fusion congressman from the seventh district, was born in Bath J^. Y., February 18, 1847. Two years later removed with his parents to St. Clair, Mich., which place has been his home almost continuously since. He attended the union school, prepared himself for admission to the State University in 1863, at the age of sixteen. He remained only two years in college, having decided not to study a profession. Has been engaged in the mercantile business since. In 1879 was elected mayor; in 1882 Senator, and declined a renomi- nation on account of business. Received the fusion nomination for congress in 1886, and was elected by 814 majority, his republican rival receiving 12,973 votes. He was a Republican until 1876, when he became a Greenbacker. LUTHER D. WHITNEY, Representative from Lapeer county in 1857, was born at Granville, N.Y., March 13, 1810. He learned the trade of a mason and also preached occasionally. He came tu Michigan in 1832, and was for fourteen years a Methodist minister. He then, from a bronchial affection, retired, studied medicine, and began practice at Commerce, Mich., in 1844. In 1849 removed to Hadley, Lapeer county, and con- 690 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. tinued practice, sometimes preaching. A Wiiig, then Free Soiler, then a Republican. In 1875 he moved to Grand Blanc, where he died Septeniber 11, 1876. NATHAN WHITNEY, Representative from Muskegon county in 1875, was born in Huron county, Ohio, November 11, 1821, removed to Michigan in J849, and settled in Sparta, Kent county. In 1854 he removed to Muske- gon county. He received a common school education. He was supervisor of Casinovia for sixteen years. In politics a Democrat. WILLIAM H. WIGGINS, Representative from Lenawee county in 1885, was born in Floy. N, Y., April 12, 1839. He came to Michigan in 1861. At first engaged in the patent medicine business, now a farmer and dealer in live stock. For eleven years town clerk. Politically a Democrat. BUCKMINSTER WIGHT, Senator from Wayne county in 1855, was a native of Worcester county, Mass., born in 1796. His education was that of common schools. He came to Detroit in 1832, engaging actively in the lumber business in 1837. He represented his ward in the council, and was a candidate for mayor, but generally shunned office. He was a public spirited and useful citizen and amiable gentleman. In politics first whig, subsequently republican. He died November 28, 1879. STANLEY G. WIGHT, Representative from Detroit in 1863-4, was born in Massachusetts in 1825, coming to Detroit with his father's family. His early education was academical. His active business life was passed as member of the lumber firm of B. Wight & Sons, and in the same business on his own account, 1848 to 1880. Since his legislative service he has declined all elective offices. He was alderman 1851-2, and a member of the board of water commissioners 1863 to 1868. He was an old line Whig, but became a Democrat. MARK D. WILBER, Senator from Allegan county in 1873-4, was born in Clinton, N. Y., August 12, 1829. He received an academical education, and studied MICHIGAIT BIOGRAPHY. 601 law in the law department of Yale college. In 1856 he was admitted to the bar. While a resident of New York he was a member of the assembly three terms. In 1870 he settled in Allegan, Mich. During the war he served in the department of the gulf, on the staff of Gen. Paine. He was vice-president of first national bank of Allegan » and vice-president of Wilber's Eureka mower and reaper manufac- tory, of Poughkeepsie, N. Y. He was projector of the Poughkeepsie & Eastern railroad, a director of the same, and secretary and attor- ney until he came to Michigan. Was also president of the Pough- keepsie city railway. He returned to New York, and is now serving as U. S. district attorney in that state. CHARLES A. WILBUR, Representative from Livingston bounty in 1855, was in business a farmer and merchant and resided at Howell, where he died about 1867. ALBERT WILCOX, Representative from Lenawee county in 1841, was born at New Marlboro, Mass., Nov. 15, 1805. His ancestors were engaged both in. the French and revolutionary wars. He was brought up on a farm, and in 1818 removed with his parents to Guilford, N, Y. He received a common school education, and became a teacher. He removed to- Wheeler, N. Y., where he was a partner of his father in farming and the making of wagons, and was a captain of militia. In 1835 he came to Michigan and took up a farm in the town of Bridgewater.^ In 1836 he enlisted as carriage maker in the U. S. arsenal at Dear- born, with the rank of orderly sergeant. In 1839 he settled at Cam- bridge, Lenawee county. In politics, whig and republican. Has been in the employ of the Lake Shore railroad since 1851, in various mechanical positions. He has held many local offices, including jus.- tice and alderman. During the rebellion he had entire charge of the water supply of 426 miles of railroad. Resides at Adrian. ELLIOTT R. WILCOX, Representative in 1869-70, and Senator from Oakland county in 1877, was born at Rochester, Mich., Feb. 34, 1838, where his father settled in 1834. He was educated at the Rochester academy and the Univer- sity of Michigan. As a young man he held many local offices, and was a justice. In politics a Democrat, by profession a lawyer. Was. 692 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. a farmer on a large scale. Was a member several years of the demo- cratic state committee. He rendered important aid in the building of the Detroit & Bay City railroad. In 1874 he built a large brick paper mill on his farm which is in successful operation. MARCUS B. WILCOX Was born born June 24, 1821, at Arkwright, N. Y. Received a good academical education and a pretty thorough knowledge of Latin. Removed to Pinckney, Michigan, in 1852. Read law and was admitted to the bar in 1854. In politics a Republican. Was elected several terms prosecuting attorney of Living ston county. Held minor offices, and was Senator in 1857-8. Was an able lawyer. Died in Cleveland, Ohio, Sept. 8, 1868. WILLIAM S. WILCOX, Representative in 1865-7, and Senator from Lenawee county in 1871-2, was born at Riga, N. Y., April 25, 1819. When young he removed with his father to) Bergen, N. Y., where his father kept hotel and postoffice, and ran a stage line. He assisted him until 1836, when he became a clerk in the store of Ira Bid well at Milan, Ohio, and removed 'with him to Adrian, Mich., in 1836. From 1840 to 1844 he was a part- ner, then commenced business for himself, w hich he continued until 1855, then went into the hardware trade, and has been the head of a leading banking house in Adrian for many years. He was clerk of Adrian in 1848; state prison inspector from 1869 to 1881; has been president of the Michigan state insurance company, and held many other local positions. He was mayor of Adrian in 1865, and a presi- uiential elector in 1884. In politics a Republican. DANIEL G. WILDER, Senator from Tuscola county in 1861-2, was born in Chesterfield, Mass., April 15, 1823. He removed from Massachusetts to New York, and came from that state to Michigan in 1848. He studied law, was admitted to the bar at Howell, and began practice at Vassar. He held town offices, such as justice, clerk, supervisor, treasurer, and «chool inspector, and was county treasurer, judge of probate, prose- cuting attorney, county clerk, and register of deeds. In 1872 he went into the mercantile business at Watrousville, where he resided until his death in 1885. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 693 DAVID W. WILEY, Representative from Allegan county in 1875, was born at Hanover, Ohio, June 27, 1838. He removed to Michigan in 1852, and to Doug- lass, Allegan county, in 1856. He has served as trustee of Douglass village, and held other municipal positions, and has been president of the Lake Shore agricultural and pomological society. He received a <;ommon school education, and is a farmer and fruitgrower. In poli- tics a Democrat. JEFFERSON WILEY, Representative from Detroit in 1867, was born in Boston, Mass. , in 1826, and was educated at Harvard college. Coming to Detroit in 1852, he first engaged in active business as a member of the firm of Jackson & Wiley, iron and brass founders. A term as inspector of the house of correction 1872-75, comprises his official life except as above. He is at present lumber agent for the Detroit, Lansing & Northern railroad. ALFRED WILKERSON Was born in Ledyard, N. Y., Feb. 15, 1820. Removed with his parents to Dundee, Michigan, in 1836, where he now resides as a farmer. He helped organize the republican party, and is still of that faith. He was Representative in 1859. ROSS WILKINS Was born at Pittsburg, Pa., in February, 1799, and was the son of John Wilkins, who served in the wars of the revolution and of 1812, and became quartermaster-general in the U. S; army. Judge Wilkins graduated at Dickinson college. Pennsylvania, in 1818, studied law, and was prosecuting attorney at Pittsburg in 1820. He was appointed judge of Michigan teAitory bv Jackson, and opened his court June 17, 1832. In 1836 became U. S. district judge, and held that position until December, 1869, when he resigned, never having been absent a term in thirty-two years. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1835, and of the two conventions of assent in 1836. He died May 17, 1872. He was an able judge. In politics, a Democrat in religion, a Methodist, but died in the Catholic faith. 78 694 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. SAMUEL M. WILKINS, Representative from Eaton county in 1879-81-2, was born in Baugh- man, Ohio, August 16, 1836. He was educated in common schools, and at Vermillion institute, Ohio. He was engaged in mining in Califor- nia from 1859 to 1861. He served in the 102d Ohio infantry. Since, studied medicine, and graduated at Wooster University, Ohio. Settled at Eaton Rapids in 1866, and engaged in practice, and has held vari- ous offices. DANIEL S. WILKINSON Was born in the state of New York in 1813. He came from Albion,. N. Y., to Adrian, Mich., in 1834, where he resided until his death. May 24, 1875. His business was that of loaning money. In politics a Democrat. He was a Representative in 1 849. GEORGE WILLA.RD Was born in Bolton, Vt., March 20, 1824. His ancestor, Simeon Willard, settled in Concord, Mass., in 1635. He came with his father to Michigan in 1836, and graduated at Kalamazoo college in 1844. After service as a teacher he became an Episcopal minister, and was^ rector at Coldwater, Battle Creek and Kalamazoo. He resigned and became a professor in Kalamazoo college. In 1856 he was elected member of the state board of education for six years; in 1863 was elected regent of the State University, which he held until 1873; in 1866 was a Representative in the legislature; in 1867 delegate to the constitutional convention; in 1872 delegate to the national republican convention, and the same year was elected a Representative to con- gress, and was reelected in 1874, holding the position from 1873 to 1877. In office he has been a Republican. He has been editor and proprietor of the Battle Creek Journal since 1868, establishing a daily in 1872. ISAAC W. WILLARI^ Member of the constitutional convention of 1850 from Van Buren county, was born in Worcester county, Mass., Dec. 1, 1803. He received a common school education, and engaged in business at Rochester, Vt. He came to Michigan in 1827, and in 1828 engaged in the mercantile busmess with Gov. Barry at White Pigeon, and the firm had an extensive business in several counties, there being only MICHIGAN BIOGKAPHY. 695 one other store in southwestern Michigan. From 1833 to 1840 was a merchant at Kalamazoo, then engaged in lumbering and farming at Paw Paw, and built a flouring and saw-mill, distillery, plank road, etc. He was a postmaster and supervisor, and held other offices. He was the first clerk of the U. S. court at White Pigeon, and was timber agent under Pierce for Michigan and other states. Died in April, 1879. Politically a Democrat. A man of positive character, fearless and daring, and of a kind and generous heart. A. MILAN WILLETT, Representative from Ionia county in 1881-2-3, was born in Oswego county, N. Y., April 18, 1829. He received a common school educa- tion, learned the joiners' trade, and taught winters. Settled in Ionia county in 1854, engaged in building until 1860, then became a farmer. He served for thirteen months as captain of Co. I, Berdan's U. S. sharpshooters, resigning from disability. Has been supervisor several terms, and president of the agricultural society. Politically a Republican. JOHN WILLETT, Representative from Genesee county in 1877-9, was born in New Brunswick, N. J., in 1820. In 1822 he removed to western New York, and there received a common school education. He graduated from the Geneva medical college in 1846, removed to Flint, Mich., and began the practice of his profession. In 1862 he received a commission as surgeon in the 8th regiment of Michigan infantry, and remained in the service until the close of the war, returned to Flint and engaged in the drug business, in which he has continued until the present time. He was elected alderman in 1870. In politics a Republican. ALBERT WILLIAMS. Attorney General of Michigan from 1863 to 1867, was born at Halifax. Vt., Feb. 8, 1817, and is of Welsh descent. His father was a surgeon in the war of 1812. He received an academical education, and came to Michigan in 1844. He studied law at Monroe, and was admitted in 1845. He engaged in practice in Ionia, where he still resides. He was prosecuting attorney from 1847 to 1851, and acting county clerk in 1853-4. He was a Democrat until 1854, but helped organize the Republican party, and was on the committee of resolutions and alsa 696 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. of nominations. He issued a political address which was widely circulated, and for a time edited the first republican paper in Ionia county. He was county treasurer from 1855 to 1859, and prosecuting attorney from 1861 to 1863. In 1870 he joined the prohibition party, and was their candidate for supreme judge in 1872, in 1874 for attorney general, and in 1876 for governor. He is now a Republican. ALPHEUS S. WILLIAMS Was born at Saybrook, Conn., Sept. 20, 1810; graduated at Yale college in 1831; was a student in the Yale law school in 1832 and 1833; traveled in Europe from 1834 to 1836; removed to Detroit, Mich., in 1836, and commenced the practice of law; was judge of probate for Wayne county 1840-44; and was proprietor and editor of the Detroit Advertiser 1843 to 1848. He was lieutenant colonel of the 1st Michigan infantry volunteers in the Mexican war, 1847-48; entered the union army as brigadier general of volunteers by appointment of President Lincoln, August, 1861; commanded the twelfth corps in the battles of South Mountain, Antietam and Gettysburg, and the -twentieth corps in the siege of Atlanta on " Sherman's march to the sea," and in the campaign of the Carolinas, and was mustered out of the service in January, 1866. He was appointed in August, 1866, one of the commissioners to adjust the military claims of Missouri. He was minister resident to the republic of Salvador, 1866-69. In 1S74 he was elected to congress on the democratic and reform tickets; was reelected in 1876, and served from Dec. 6, 1875, to March 3, 1879. Deceased. ANTHONY WILLIAMS, Representative from Lapeer county in 1883, was born in Superior, Mich., Sept. 29, 1836; removed to Dryden in 1843, and to Attica in 1851; has been engaged in farming and lumbering; has been several terms a supervisor, and held other offices. Politically a Democrat. ASA WILLIAMS, Representative in 1845, was born in Norwich, Conn., in 1802. He came to Michigan in 1824, and was the owner of a large farm in Liam, Washtenaw county. He was appointed brigadier general of state militia by Governor Cass. He died in 1869. MICHIGAN BIOGKAPHY. 697 BUEL M. WILLIAMS Was born in Granville, Mass., December 6, 1812. At the age of six- teen he learned the potters' trade, and continued in that business uq- til he had saved money enough for his education, when he entered Yale college, and graduated in 1838 or 1839. Going to Ohio, he taught select school for several years, at Hudson and Shalersville; then went to Pittsburg, Pa., and taught until 1854. He then came to Lawrence, Mich., and purchased land; went to Kentucky and taught school until the war of 1861-4, when he came back to Lawrence, and took an active part in support of the union. He was Representative from Van Buren county in 1863-4-5, as a Republican. He engaged in real estate and loan agency until his death, February 7, 1878. EDWIN R. WILLIAMS, Representative from Ionia county in 1885, was born in West Bloom- field, Mich,, September 20, 1836, and is a farmer at Orange, and a breeder of fine stock. Has held many local offices. Elected as a Fusionist. FITCH R. WILLIAMS, Senator from Antrim and other counties in 1877, was born in Amenia, N. Y., December 18, 1834. He removed to Michigan in 1845, gradu- ated from the Michigan University in 1858, and was immediately ap- pointed instructor in the literary department. While teaching he attended lectures in the law department. He was, for two years, a professor in Albion college, and commenced the practice of law at Albion in 1866. He removed to Elk Rapids, in 1870. He has three times been prosecuting attorney of that county. He has also for three years acted as judge of probate under appointment by the governor. In politics a Republican. GARDNER D. WILLIAMS, Representative from Saginaw county in 1835-6-40, and Senator in 1845-6, was born at Concord, Mass., Sept. 9, 1804, and came with his father's family to Detroit in 1815, and from 1819 to 1827 resided at Silver Lake. In 1827 he engaged m the fur trade at Saginaw, as agent of the American fur company, and died there Dec. 10, 1858. He was a member of the second convention of assent in 1836, com- missioner of internal improvements, county judge and treasurer, and the first mayor of Saginaw City. t)9o MICHIGAN BIOGllAPHY. HA.RYEY WILLIAMS, Senator from Eaton county in 1857, was born in Manchester, Vt. , in 1812, and settled in Chester, Mich., in 1837, and was prominently identified with the early history of Eaton county. The first political county convention met at his house. He held town offices, was twelve years county treasurer, and a successful real estate agent. Died at Charlotte, Jan. 18, 1867. Politicalfy a Republican. JAMES A. WILLIAMS, Representative from Branch county in 1869, '70-1-2, was a native of Cayuga county. New York, and settled in Algansee, Mich., in 1854. He was the first resident physician of that township, and still resides there. For ten years was supervisor of his township, and county superintendent of schools two years. JEREMIAH D. WILLIAMS, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1855, was born in Sem- pronious, N. Y., May 2, 1815. He came to Michigan in 1828 with his father, who settled on a farm in Webster, Washtenaw county. He received a common school education, and attended an academy at Ann Arbor for one year. In 1839 he was appointed postmaster at Webster. He has held the town positions of supervisor, clerk, treas- urer, justice, and other offices. He was for ten years auditor of the Washtenaw fire insurance company, and has been secretary of the county pioneer society. Now resides on a farm in the town of Ann Arbor. He was a Whig until 1854, since a Republican. JOHN R. WILLIAMS, Member of the constitutional convention of 1835, and member and president of the second convention of assent in 1836, was born in Detroit, Mich., May 4, 1782. He was in trade there from 1802 to 1832, except from 1812 to 1815. He was a captain of artillery in the war of 1812, and was included in the surrender of Gen. Hull. He was one of the first trustees of the University of Michigan in 1821, and president of the bank of Michigan in 1818. He prepared the first charter of Detroit, and was the first mayor in 1824, also filled that position in 1825-30-44-45-46. He was three years president of the board of edu- cation; took great interest in military affairs; commanded the terri- torial troops during the threatened Black Hawk war, and was senior major general of state militia at the time of his death, Oct. 20, 1854 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 699 JOSEPH R. WILLIAMS Was bora in Taunton, Mass., November 14, 180S, and graduated at Harvard college in 1831. He studied law with " honest" John Davis, in Worcester, Mass., was admitted to the bar, practiced at New Bed- ford, Mass., and settled in Constantine, Mich., in 1839, which was his home until his death, June 15, 1861. He was enthusiastic, far seeing, enterprising and zealous in the advancement of the interests of the people. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1850, Senator in 1861, and president pro tern, of the Senate. He died before the close of his term, and was succeeded by H. H. Riley. He was the first president of the state agricultural college, and was greatly interested in the progress of agriculture throughout the state. In politics a Republican. THEODORE WILLIAMS, Representative from Detroit in 1838, was the son of Gen. John R. Williams, and was born in Albany, N. Y., July 5, 1808. He was trained in business at Detroit. He was city register 1830-5, county clerk 1841-3, city treasurer 1844-5, and several times an alderman. He was originally a Whig, but in later years a Democrat. Died October 28, 1871. THOMAS H. WILLIAMS, Representative from Jackson county in 1887, was born at Kirtland, Ohio, May 27, 1844. In 1862 he enlisted in the 103d Ohio volunteer infantry, and served until the close of the war. Came to Michigan in 1865, was a carpenter until 1871, then began work in the car department of the M. C. R. R. at Jackson, where he remained many years. Has been an alderman, and commander of the G. A. R. post. Politically a Republican. WALTER W. WILLIAMS, Representative from Eaton county in 1887, was born and brought up on a farm in Lima, Michigan. He lived on the farm until sixteen, then spent several years at Ann Arbor in school. He spent three years as a commercial traveler and two years roughing it on the western frontier. In 1878 he ' settled near Eaton Rapids, on a farm where he still resides. In politics a Republican. 700 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. WILLIAM B. WILLIAMS Was bom at Pittsford, N. Y., July 28, 1826. Brought up on a farm, he received a fair education, and was a teacher. Studied law in Rochester, N. Y., anri graduated from the state and national law school at Bellston Springs in 1851, and began practice at Rochester, N. Y. Settled at Allegan, Mich., in 1855, where he is still in practice. Has been judge of probate eight years; served as captain in the 5th Michigan cavalry from 1862 to June, 1863, resigning from disability; was commandant of camp and organized the 28th Michigan infantry ; was Senator in 1867-9; a member of the constitutional convention of 1867; member of the board of state charities 1871 to 1873; Repre- sentative in congress from 1873 to 1877; and railroad commissioner from 1877 to 1883. Politically a Republican. WILLIAM D. WILLIAMS Was born at Lima, Michigan, in 1835. He graduated from the Uni- versity of Michigan in 1857, studied law at Detroit, was admitted in 1859, and settled in practice at Ontonagon, but now resides at Mar- quette. He was prosecuting attorney of Ontonagon county, and a Representative in 1869. He was elected judge of the 12th circuit in 1875, and was re-elected in 1881 and 1887. In politics a Democrat. ZEBULON WILLIAMS, Was born at Haverstraw, N. Y., Jan. 24, 1795. He learned the trade of a carpenter, settled at Phelps, N. Y., in 1820, worked at his trade till 1825, when he became a farmer in Clarkson, N. Y. In 1834 he came to Adrian, Mich. He remained there four years, and in 1838 settled on land in Wheatland, Hillsdale county. He was Representa- tive in 1848, was also supervisor four years, clerk and treasurer of his town. Died Nov. 10, 1872. BARON B. WILLITS, Representative in 1841 and 1865, was born in Independence, N. J., Jan. 1, 1812. By occupation a farmer, politically a Republican. He settled on a farm in Cambria, Hillsdale county, in 1835, and resided there until his death, Sept. 23, 1873. MICHIGAN BIOGKAPHY. 701 EDWIN WILLITS, Of Monroe, was born at Otto, N. Y., April 24, 1830, and removed to Michigan in 1836. He graduated at the University in 1855, and located at Monroe in 1856, where he studied law with Isaac P. Christiancy, until his admission to the bar in 1857. He was prosecuting attorney of Monroe county and also a member of the state board of education in 1860. Re-elected in 1866, he held the latter office twelve years. He was a member of the constitutional commission of 1873; was appointed postmaster at Monroe in 1863, by President Lincoln, and was removed by President Johnson, October 15, 1866; was editor of the Monroe Commercial from 1856 to 1861 ; was a Representative in the forty-fifth and forty-sixth congresses and was re-elected to the forty-seventh, as a republican, by a plurality of 2,349 over his opponent, William H. Waldby, serving six years. He then resumed law practice at Monroe, but became principal of the state normal school at Ypsilanti in 1883 In 1885 he was elected president of the state agricultural college, and has served in that position since July 1, 1885. Under his efficient management the college has greatly increased in the number of students, and in popularity with the people. WARREN J. WILLITS, Senator from the eighth district, Kalamazoo and St. Joseph counties, was born in Hillsdale county, Aug. 19, 1853, and is by occupation a manufacturer. He has held the offices of township clerk and trustee in village council. He was elected to the Senate of 1887-8 on the republican ticket by a vote of 7,448 to 6,674 for Edwin W. Deyoe, and 719 for Nelson I. Packard, prohibitionist. JEREMIAH C. WILSON, Settled in Rochester, Oakland pounty in 1857. Ho was a graduate of the State University, and of Castleton medical college. In partner- ship with his brother he had an extensive medical practice. They were also interested in manufactures, and built and operated the Eureka mills for eight years. They were also engaged in mercantile business. Dr. Wilson was a Representative in 1867. JOHN B. WILSON, Representative from Lapeer county in 1861-2-3-4, was born in Green- field, Pa., Oct. 22, 1822, and came with his parents to Detroit in 1824. 79 702 MICHIGAN- BIOGRAPHY. In 1831 returned to Vermont with his mother, and afterwards hved in Rochester, N. Y., and Conneautville, Pa. Settled in Arcadia, Mich., as a farmer in 1848. Removed to Lapeer in 1887, where he now resides. Has been engaged in lumbering, and built the first saw mill in Arcadia; has also done a large business in real estate and building. Was a supervisor eleven years, justice sixteen years, and a state road commissioner. As a legislator was a Republican, now a Democrat. JOSHUA WILSON, Hepresentative from Sanilac county in 1883, was born in Pickering, Canada, Jan. 9, 1827. He came with his father's family to the north- ern part of St. Clair county, Mich., in 1841, of which Sanilac county was then a part. He has been a resident of Worth since 1841. A farmer, politically a Republican. Has held the oflSces of town clerk, school inspector, supervisor, town treasurer, and justice. FARWELL A. WILSON, Representative from Midland, Clare and Gladwin counties in 1887, was born July 18, 1841, in Vienna, Michigan. He received a common school education. He was first a farmer, then ran a saw-mill for five years. In 1871 removed to Isabella county, where he bought pine land, built a saw-mill, and has been interested in other business Politically a Democrat. LOUIS T. N. WILSON Was bom at Milo, N. Y., Sept, 24, 1831. He came with his father to Ovid, Mich., in 1835, and learned the tailor's trade at Cold water. He studied for the ministry and was licensed as a Methodist minister. Later he studied law and was admitted in 1843. He was an anti- slavery Whig, and made the first abolition speech ever delivered in Coldwater. In 1851 he was elected justice, and in 1855, as a Repub- lican, he was Senator from Branch county. He was prosecuting attorney two terms. In 1875 he removed to Minneapolis and prac- ticed law for two years, but returned to Coldwater in 1877, and con- tinued his professional career until his death, April 26, 1887. PHILO WILSON, Representative from Lenawee county in 1842, '50, settled in Canan- •daigua, Mich., about 1836, and came from the state of New York. MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 703 He removed to Adrian about 1870, aad died there. In politics a Democrat. ROBERT S. WILSON Came from Alleghany county, N. Y., to Ann Arbor, Mich., in ,1835. He was a man of ability, and as a lawyer had great influence with a jury. He was judge of probate of Washtenaw county from 1 836 to 1840, and Senator in 1843-4. In 1855 he removed to Chicago, and was a police justice in that city for many years. Died in 1883. THOMAS M. WILSON, Representative from Macomb county in 1861-2-75, was born in Shel- burne, Mass., January 6, 1820, and at an early age removed to Madi- son county, N. Y. , where he received an academical education. He came to New Baltimore, Mich., in 1855, and engaged in business as a commission and forwarding merchant. He removed to Lansing in 1877, and since that time has been the efficient clerk of the board of state auditors, and still holds that position. WILLIAM B. WILSON, Representative from Muskegon county in 1885, was born at Palmyra, N. Y., in 1829, and removed with his parents to Lenawee coimty, Mich., in 1837. Was with his father in business at Canandaigua, then several years clerk at Adrian, afterwards in business at Hillsdale until 1875. Became then a resident of Muskegon, and was deputy county treasurer, later a druggist. He was grand commander of Knights Templars of Michigan in 1880-1. Elected as a Fusionist. JACOB M. WILTSE, Representative from Saginaw county in 1883, was born in Saginaw, November 13, 1839. He received a common school education. His principal occupation has always been that of a farmer. He has held the office of justice fifteen years, and supervisor five years. In politics a Democrat. EDWIN B. WINANS, Of Hamburg, Livingston county, was born at Avon, N. Y., May 16, 1826, and removed with his parents to Michigan in 1834. He received 704 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. his education in district schools and at Albion college. In the spring of 1850 went to California, engaged in gold mining until 1858, when he returned and settled on the farm where he now lives. He has served two terms in the state legislature, from 1861 to 1865, and one term as judge of probate. In politics a Democrat. He was elected Representative in the 48th congress in 1883 on the fusion ticket, was re-elected by a vote of 19,857 to 18,377 for James C. Wilson, republi- can, and 2,445 for Leander C. Smith, prohibitionist, serving until March 4. 1887. AMAZIAH WINCHELL, Representative from Ingham county in 1850, was born in Plattsburg, N. Y., in 1810. Came to Detroit in 1833, lived in Lima until 1836, then settled in Ingham, Ingham ' county. There were only three houses in the county at that time. Was a farmer, in politics a Demo- crat. Was sheriff of Ingham county four years, county superintend- ent of poor five years, drain commissioner two years, and held other oflB.ces. Was orderly sergeant in the Toledo war. Summoned the first jury, and opened the first court in Ingham county. JEROME WINCHELL, Representative from Allegan county in 1877, was born in Union, Ind., June 8, 1846. When young he removed to Wisconsin, and from thence to Minnesota territory. After receiving an academical education, at the age of seventeen engaged as teacher in public schools, which calling was abandoned a few years later for that of the printers' art. In 1870 he came from Chicago to Michigan, and established at Plain- well the Allegan County Republic, of which he has since been editor and proprietor, and actively identified with every enterprise for the improvement of the village. In politics a Republican. AUSTIN E. WING Was born in Berkshire county, Mass. , in 1793. He graduated from Williams college in 1814 with honor. He came to Detroit in 1814, but soon settled in Monroe. He was for a number of years sheriff of the territory of Michigan, studied and practiced the profession of law and was also a farmer. He was delegate in congress from the terri- tory of Michigan three terms, from 1835 to 1837, 1837 to 1839, and 1831 to 1833. He was twice regent of the University of Michigan; United States marshal under Polk's administration; Representative in the MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 705 legislature of 1842; and for many years a leading man in the affairs of the territory and state. In politics a Democrat. He died Aug. 25, 1849. GILES M. WING, Representative from Manistee county in 1831-2, was born in Canada East, July 23, 1835, and moved to Illinois in 1844, where he lived with his parents on a farm until 1853. Then he went to Wisconsin and engaged in the lumber business. In 1867 he moved to Manistee, Mich., with his family. There he built a mill, and since that time has been engaged in the lumbering business. He has been three times elected supervisor. Politically a Republican. WARNER WING Was born in Marietta, Ohio, Sept. 19, 1805, and was the son of Enoch and Mary (Oliver) Wing, an old New England family. His father removed from Conway, Mass., to Marietta, in 1796. In 1817, at the age of twelve, Judge Wing came to Detroit, and removed to Monroe in 1828. He attended law school at Northampton, Mass., and also studied in the office of Judge Woodbridge, at Detroit. As early as 1833 he was engaged in the practice of the law in partnership with Hon. David A. Noble, at Monroe. In 1837 he was a Representative, and in 1838-9 Senator in the legislature, and was a leading member. In 1840 he became law partner with Gov. McClelland, with whom he prac- ticed until 1845, when he bfecame circuit judge, and a judge of the Supreme Court. In 1851 he became chief justice, which position he held until 1856, when he resigned to act as general counsel of the Lake Shore railroad. He was eminent as a lawyer and judge, and his able opinions are found in the state reports. In politics a Democrat. He became a member of the Presbyterian church at Monroe in 1843. He died at Monroe, March 10, 1876. WASHINGTON WING Was born in Sullivan, N. Y., Dec. 3, 1808. He came to Scio, Wash- tenaw county, in 1830, and settled with his father's family. In 1835 he settled in Iosco, Livingston county. In 1846 was a Representative. In 1836 and 1837 he aided Godfrey in getting the Indians to Marshall, preparatory to their removal to the west, it being the remnant of a tribe numbering 150. He removed to Elgin, Illinois, in 1846, and is a farmer there. Has held various official positions. Has been a Republican since 1856. 706 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. RICHARD WINSOR, Representatire from Huron county in 1863-4-5, and Senator in 1869- 70-81-2, was born in the county of Middlesex, Ontario, in 1839. He settled in Huron county, Michigan, when a young man, studied law, was admitted to the bar, and has been prosecuting attorney several terms. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1867, and resides at Port Austin, where he has a large law practice, and i& also engaged in banking. In politics a Republican. JAMES WINTERS, Representative from Calhoun county in 1853, was born in Chenango» N. Y., August 17, 1805, and died January 15, 1883. He came to Ma- rengo, Calhoun county, Mich., in 1836, and from 1839 to 1842, was foreman of a large cooper shop in that town. He then removed to Athens, same county, and for several years was supervisor, and held other town offices, and was also postmaster. In 1861 he raised a company of one hundred men, and became captain of company E, 6th Michigan infantry, but soon resigned from ill health. He after- wards drilled the officers of the 13th Michigan. By; trade a cooper;, politically a Republican. CHAUNCEY W. WISNER, Senator from Saginaw county ia 1887, was born April 26, 1835, in Mt. Morris, N. Y. In politics a Republican prior to 1872; a Liberal Re- publican delegate to the Cincinnati convention in 1872, and a Demo- crat ever since. He practiced law in East Saginaw from 1863 to 1877^ then removed to Bridgeport on a farm. He has held the office of city attorney of Flint, prosecuting attorney of Genesee county, mayor of East Saginaw and supervisor of Bridgeport township two terms. In 1872 he was a candidate for congress on the Greeley ticket. GEORGE W. WISNER, Representative from Oakland county in 1837, was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., in 1812. He was the son of Moses Wisner, a colonel of the war of 1812, and a brother of Gov. Wisner, of Michigan. At the age of fifteen he was apprenticed to learn the trade of printer. In 1833, at the age of twenty-one, in company with William H. Dey, he established the New York Sun, the first cheap daily paper in that city, of which he was editor. The work broke his health, and in MICHIGAI^' BIOGRAPHY. 707 1835 he settled at Pontiac. Mich., studied law, was admitted in 1837 r soon acquired distinction, and in 1838 was prosecuting attorney of Oakland county. In 1847 he became editor of the Detroit Advertiser. He died in 1849. He was a leading Whig, a fine lawyer, an eloquent speaker in a political campaign, and still holds a leading place in the^ remembrance of the pioneers of Oakland county. MOSES WISNER f. Was born at Springport, Cayuga county, N. Y., June 3, 1815. He was brought up to agricultural labor, and received only a common school education. In 1837 he came to Michigan, and purchased a farm in Lapeer county. After two years he gave up farming, removed to- Pontiac, studied law with George W. Wisner and Rufus Hosmer, and was admitted to practice in 1841. He established his oflBLce at Lapeer, and became prosecuting attorney of that county. He soon removed to Pontiac, as one of the firm of Wisner & Hosmer. He was an anti- slavery Whig, but took little part in politics until 1852, when he openly espoused the cause of freedom for the territories. On the or- ganization of the republican party in 1854, he was nominated for at- torney-general, but declined. The same year he was nominated for congress, but was defeated by George W. Peck, the democratic can- didate. In 1856 he was on the stump for Fremont, and in 1857 he was. one of the Republican candidates for United States Senator. In 18oS- he was the Republican candidate for governor, and was elected, serv- ing ably from 1859 to 1861, when he returned to practice. In 1862- he raised the 23d Michigan infantry, largely from Oakland county,, of which he took command, and went to Kentucky in September,, 1863. He died of typhoid fever at Lexington, Ky., January 5, 1864.. He was a great lawyer, an excellent governor, a patriot, and has left; his impress on the institutions of the state. In his valedictory mes- sage was embodied the principles that governed his own action in the war, and that governed largely the actions of the people of the state. His eloquence was that of conviction and action, and the peo- ple believed in him. ELIJAH B. WITHERBEE Was born in Hopkinton, Mass, July 19, 1804; received an academical education; became a clerk in Boston and Medford; went into busi- nees for himself until 1836; then came to Michigan, built a saw-mill in Genesee county, and engaged in the manufacture of lumber. In 1841 he removed to Flint, and was soon after -appointed receiver of 708 MICHIGAN BIOGKAPHY. the land office. In 1845 he entered into the drug business. In 1847 he was Senator, and died while the legislature was in session, Febru- ary 25, 1847. In politics a Whig. BENJAMIN F. H. WITHERELL Was born at Fair Haven, Vt., August 4, 1797. By reason of turbu- lence on the part of the Indians, preceding and following the war of 1812, the f j^ily of Judge James Witherell did not come permanently to reside in Michigan until 1817, the subject of this sketch, up to that time, pursuing his studies, which were classical if not collegiate. He was admitted to the bar in Detroit in 1819. He was justice of the peace in 1824; city recorder 1828; judge of probate 1834-5, and prose- cuting attorney 1835 to 1839. In 1843 a district criminal court was organized, embracing the counties of Wayne, Oakland, Washtenaw and Jackson, and Mr. Witherell was appointed ju^ge, holding the position until 1848, when the court was abolished. In the fall of 1843 Judge Witherell tried one Chorr, at Ann Arbor, for the murder of a neighbor named Dunn, with whom he had had trouble. Chorr was convicted and sentenced to death, but pending a new trial, made his escape. This was the only capital sentence ever pronounced under a law of the state, the death penalty being soon after abrogated. He was appointed a regent of the University in 1848, and was circuit judge 1857 to 1867, acting also a portion of the time as judge of the recorder's court. He was Senator 1840-1, member of the House in 1842, and of the constitutional convention of 1850. He held for a time the honorary position of historiographer of Detroit, was presi- dent of the state historical society, and of the soldiers and sailors' monument association, and held high positions in the state militia, includmg that of major general. He contributed to the press and to the public archives many papers of great literary and historical value; politics, democratic. Died in Detroit, June 26, 1867. JAMES WITHERELL, One of the early territorial judges, was born in Mansfield, Mass., June 16, 1759. He served through the greater part of the war of the revolution, entering the service as a private, and rising to the rank of adjutant in a Massachusetts regiment. He studied medicine and law, and settled in Vermont, where he held many positions of trust, including that of judge, member of the governor's council, and of the legislature. He was elected to congress in 1807, but resigned his seat MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 709 to accept an appointment by President Jefferson, as one of the judges of the Supreme Court of the territory of Michigan, coming here in 1808. He held a local military command during the war of 1812, specially raised for the defense of Detroit, and it is reported that on the surrender of the town by Gen. Hull, he broke his sword to escape the mortification of relinquishing it to an enemy. A similar action used to be attributed to Gen. Cass on the same occasion. In January, 1828, after a service of twenty years, Judge Witherell relinquished the judgeship to become sscretary of the territory. He held this position until May, 1830, and during the first three months of 1830 was acting governor. He raised a family of several children, none of whom are now living. The late Judge B. F. H. Witherell was his son, and a daughter, Mrs. Thomas Palmer, was the mother of Senator Thos. W. Palmer. Judge Witherell died in Detroit, January 9, 1838. WILLIAM H. WITHINGTON, Representative from Jackson county in 1873-4, was born in Dorchester, Mass., Feb. 1, 1835. He received an academical education. He emi- grated to Michigan in 1857, and settled in Jackson, where he now resides. In 1861 he entered the first Michigan infantry, as captain. He was captured at the first battle of Bull Run, and was held prisoner for six months. In 1862 he was commissioned colonel of the seven- teenth Michigan infantry, for a prominent part taken in the battles of the army of the Potomac, and was brevetted brigadier general of volunteers in 1865 for conspicuous gallantry at the battles of South Mountain and Antietam. Gen. Withington's business is that of a manufacturer of farming tools. As a member of the legislature he was very efficient in securing appropriations for volunteer militia, of which he has since been commanding general. In politics a Republi- SOLOMON L. WITHEY Was born at St. Albans, Vt., April 31, 1820. His father, Solomon Withey, known to early residents of Michigan as General Withey, emigrated to Grand Rapids in 1836 with his family. Mr. Withey received a common school and academical education, and in 1839 entered the law office of Rathbone & Martin. He was admitted to the bar in 1843, and engaged in active practice for nineteen years. His career at the bar was one that gave him the unlimited confidence of his clients, and he acquired a competence. His cool judgment, perfect integrity and high character as a man, and thorough knowl- 80 710 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. edge of the law, made him prominent. From 1848 to 1852 he was- judge of probate of Kent county; Senator from 1861 to 1863, and mem- ber of the state constitutional convention of 1867. Both in the Senate and in that convention he was chairman of the committee on the judiciary. In 1863 he was appointed by President Lincoln, United States district judge for the western district of Michigan, a position he filled with signal ability until his death, which occurred at San Diego, California, April 25, 1886. He married Marion L. Hinsdill, in 1846, and left five children — four sons and one daughter. In 1869 he was tendered the position of United States circuit judge for the states of Ohio, Michigan, Tennessee and Kentucky, which he declined. He was director and president of the first national bank of Grand Rapids for many years. He was a Republican in politics, and a con- sistent member of the Congregational church. His courts were models of propriety and decorum. ISAAC WIXOM Was born in Hector, N. Y., March 7, 1803. He received an academical and medical education in the state of New York. He practiced medicine four years in Steuben county, settled at Farmington, Michigan, in 1829, bought a farm and improved it. His practice in medicine and surgery became very extensive. In 1845 he removed to Argentine, Genesee county, and engaged in a large milling and mercantile business in connection with his practice. He was so noted as a surgeon that he was called into other states to perform difficult surgical operations. In 1838 and 1839 he was Representative in the legislature; in 1842 and 1843 was Senator. In 1861 he became surgeon of the 1 6th Michigan infantry, followed it through twenty- two battles, but at the end of two years resigned from ill health and returned to practice. In 1870 he removed to Fentonville. In politics a Democrat. He was made a Mason when young and took the highest degree known in the United States. In .June, 1845, he per- formed the first successful amputation of the hip joint known in the United States, and afterwards performed sixteen successful operations of that kind. Deceased. LEVI L. WIXSON Was born Jan. 9, 1828, in Pickering, Canada. He is of American parentage. He was raised on a farm, and was for several terms engaged in teaching school in Sanilac county. After graduating in the law department of the University in 1862, he commenced the practice of law at Lexington, and continued in practice there until MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 711 his election as circuit judge of the newly organized twenty-fourth judicial circuit, in the spring of 1870, to which office he was reelected April 4, 1881, for the full term. He was elected prosecuting attorney in 1862, and has held public office continuously since that time, having been three times elected prosecuting attorney, and three times judge of probate of Sanilac county, and twice elected judge of his circuit. In politics he has been Republican since 1856. DANIEL WIXSON, Was born in Jersey, (now Orange) Steuben county, N. Y., Feb. 1, 1822. He received a common school education, and in 1851 settled in Lexington, Michigan. He held various township offices. In 1859 he was a Representative in the legislature, and again in 1873-4. A farmer by occupation; in politics a Republican. JOSHUA WIXSON, Representative from Sanilac county in 1883, was born in Canada, of American parentage, Jan. 9, 1827. Removed to Sanilac county in 1841, where he has since resided. His education was self- acquired. He has taught school, held office in Worth, Sanilac county, continu- ously for 28 years, including that of township clerk, justice of the peace, school inspector, and supervisor, the latter from 1876 to 1882 inclusive. His principal occupation is that of a farmer. He is a Republican. GROVE H. WOLCOTT, Representative from Jackson county in 1881-2, was born in Alabama^ N. Y., Nov. 8, 1836. He removed with his parents to Hamlin, Mich., in 1837. He received an academical education, studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1863, and went into practice at Jackson. He was private secretary to Gov. Blair in 1861, and has been circuit court commissioner two terms. Politically a Democrat. ALFRED B. WOOD, Senator from Saginaw and other counties in 1869-70-1-2, was born in Norwalk, Conn., April 18, 1819, where his ancestors settled in 1648. Removed with his mother to Lyons, N. Y.. in 1833, and received an academical education. From 1845 to 1851 was engaged in the book business at Auburn and Geneva, N. Y., and then was in the same business at Ann Arbor, Mich. He then became interested in the Ann 712 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. Arbor paper mills, the first in Michigan, until 1862. In 1863 engaged in the real estate and lumber business at East Saginaw, where he now resides. Has been an alderman, and was president pro tern of the Senate in 1871-2. Politically a Republican. CHAS. M. WOOD, Senator from Livingston and Shiawassee counties in 1875, was born at West Brookfield, Mass., Sept. 29, 1826. He received a common school edncation, and removed to Michigan in 1835, He resides at Pinckney. In politics a Republican. EDWIN K. WOOD, Representative from Montcalm county in 1883, was born in Wyoming county, N. Y., in 1840. Served from 1861 to 1863 in 17th N. Y. infan- try. He settled in Michigan in 1865; has been a merchant, farmer and lumberman, and now resides at Stanton. Has held various local offices. In politics a Republican. HENRY L. WOOD, Representative from Gratiot county in 1887, was born in Troy, Ohio, June 17, 1848, where he lived until 1876. He removed to Monroe, Mich., where he remained eighteen months, then removed to Gratiot county, where he has since resided, following the occupation of farming and brick-making. Mr. Wood enlisted in company G, 189th Ohio Vol. infantry, at the age of sixteen and served in Tennessee and Alabama until the close of the war. He is a Republican. He has held the offices of supervisor and school trustee. JAMES C. WOOD, Representative from Jackson county in 1875-7, was born in Decatur, N. Y., in 1813. He removed to Michigan in 1848, and settled at White Pigeon. In 1844 removed to Jackson, where he has continued to reside. He has been treasurer of Jackson county, and mayor of the city of Jackson. He is by profession a lawyer, and is also engaged in farming. THOMAS WOOD Was born at Norwich, N. Y., May 21, 1805. He came to Michigan in 1836, and located a farm in Pittsfield, Washtenaw count}'-, where he MICHIGAK BIOGRAPHY. 713 lived until his death, September 21, 1865. His farm was a fine one, and he gave much attention to horticulture. He was Representative in 1845. WILLIAM WOODBRIDGE Was born in Norwich, Conn., August 20, 1780, and removed to Mari- etta, Ohio, with his father's family in 1791. He studied law three years at Litchfield, Conn., and was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1806. The same year married Juliana, daughter of John Trumbull, the dis- tinguished lawyer, judge and poet, ol Connecticut. He was a mem- ber of the Ohio assembly in 1807, and a Senator from 1809 to 1814. In 1814 he was appointed secretary of the territory of Michigan, and was also collector of customs at Detroit, and in the absence of the governor, superintendent of Indian agencies. In 1819 the people of the territory were allowed a delegate in congress, and he was selected with the concurrence of all parties, as the right to a delegate had been secured by his exertions. As a delegate he secured government aid to build the roads from Detroit to Fort Gratiot, Chicago, and through the " black swamp" to the Miami river. He also secured the settle- ment of the old French claims, and the expedition, under Gov. Cass, to Lake Superior and the upper valley of the Mississippi river. He refused a second term to congress, acted as secretary until 1824, was then appointed one of the commissioners to adjust private land claims, and also engaged in law practice. In 1828 he was appointed by President Adams, judge of the Supreme Court, and served until 1832. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1835, and was a Senator in 1838-9. In 1839 he received the nomination for governor and was elected as the Whig candidate. He served as governor from January 7, 1840, to February 23, 1841, when he resigned, having been elected United States Senator, by a combination of Whigs and Democrats, over the Whig caucus nominee. Lieutenant Governor Gordon. He served six years in that office, then retired to private life. He owned the Woodbridge farm in Detroit, which has become very valuable prop- erty. He died October 20, 1861. He was decided in his opinions; earnest, dignified and courteous in manner; a profound jurist and constitutional lawyer; the oldest member of the Detroit bar; a man of refined and cultivated taste, and left a spotless name. In religion a Congregationalist. 714 MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY. LEMUEL WOODHOUSE, Delegate ia the constitutional convention of 1867, was born in the state of New York in 1819; became a cabinet maker and millwright, and worked near Columbus, Ohio. He removed to Unadilla, Mich., in 1840, afterwards settled at Leslie. He was eight years treasurer of Ingham county, was in the mercantile business at Dansville, resided several years in Lansing, was a clerk in the office of the auditor general, then ran a store and saw-mill and owned a farm at White Oak. Politically a Republican. Died Feb. 22, 1885. ELTAS S. WOODMAN, Delegate in the constitutional convention of 1850, was born in Rod- man, N. Y., Oct. 15, 1815. He came to Michigan with his father in 1837, who settled on a farm at Novi. His education was limited. He was a farmer at Novi until 1873, then removed to Northville, where he now resides. He studied law late in life and was admitted to the bar in 1870. He has held many local offices. In politics a Democrat. JONATHAN J. WOODMAN, Representative from Van Buren county in 1861-2-3-4-5-7-9-'70-l-2, and Speaker in 1869-'70-l-2,' was born in Sutton, Vt., May 24, 1825. He received a common school education. He became a resident of Paw Paw, Mich., in 1855. He commenced teaching at the age of twenty-one, which he continued winters for several years. From 1852 to 1854 was a worker in the California gold mines. He is a farmer, politically a Democrat until 1856, since a Republican. He was one of the state board at the Philadelphia exposition in 1876, He was master of the state grange from 1874 to 1878, and overseer of the national grange from 1875 to 1879. He was one of four agricultural commissioners to the Paris exposition in 1878. He was an able legis- lator and an excellent presiding officer. ALBERT N. WOODRUFF, Representative from Berrien county in 1885, was born in Bainbridge, Mich. , July 22, 1859. He received an academical and collegiate edu- cation, and for three years was a teacher, since a farmer. Has been supervisor and held other town offices. Politically a Republican. MICHlGA]Sr BIOGRAPHY. 715 GEORGE WOODRUFF ^as born in Binghampton, N. Y., July 4. 1807. He received a good education, graduated at Hobart college, Geneva, N. Y. ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1833; practiced law in New York state four years; settled in practice at Marshall, Mich., in 1837; and resided there until his death. May 13, 1887. He was village recorder in 1842; circuit court commissioner from 1855 to 1860, and again from 1862 to 1866; judge of the fifth circuit from 1866 to 1876; and held other positions. In politics a Republican. HENRY WOODRUFF, Senator from Clare and other counties in 1885, was born at Seneca Falls, N. Y., Feb. 13, 1813. Removed to Flat Rock, Mich., in 1833, to East Saginaw in 1855, and to Clare county in 1871. He served two a,nd a half years as captain in the 23d Michigan infantry. Has been a sheriff and judge of probate. In politics Whig and Republican. NEWTON R. WOODRUFF Was born in Broome county, N. Y., Oct. 2, 1808. In 1836 he came with his family to Michigan, and in 1837 settled in Bainbridge, Berrien county, on a farm, where he remained until his death, Dec. 24, 1880. From 1852 to 1855 he was in California. In 1865 he was Representative in the legislature. A member of the Methodist church and a patron of husbandry. AUGUSTUS B. WOODWARD Was a native of Virginia. In early life he devoted himself to literary work, and wrote and published several works. He became a lawyer, and on the 3d of March, 1805, was appointed by President Jefferson United States judge for the territory of Michigan. He, together with the two other judges. Bates and Griffin, with the governor of the territory, or a majority of them, possessed the legislative power of the territory, which they exercised until 1824, when the first legislative council held its session at Detroit. Judge Woodward was an able lawyer, but very eccentric, and the wheels of government, with himself and colleagues often in collision, did not always run without friction. He acted as judge until 1824. After the surrender of Detroit, in 1812, he did rpuch to ameliorate the condition of the citizens of Detroit, who had been placed under martial law by 716 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. Proctor. In August, 1824, he was appointed United States judge for the territory of Florida, but died about 1826. He never married. DAVID A. WOODWARD, Representative from Monroe county in 1869-70, was born in Phelps- town, N. Y., in 1812. He came with his parents to Michigan in 1833, who settled upon a farm in Milan, where he resided, except the last few years of his life. In 1834 he built the first flouring mill and the first saw-mill in Milan. In 1834 he was elected justice under the territorial laws, and continued to act in that capacity for thirty years. He was supervisor of Milan for several years. In politics a Democrat. From 1850 until his death, June 13, 1884, he devoted most of his time to the practice of law. HIEL WOODWARD, Was born in Bridge water. Vt., Feb. 10, 1824. His grandfather, Nehemiah, was a Baptist clergyman, and in the revolution was an attache of the staff of General Washington. He came to Michigan with his father in 1836, and lived at Adrian until 1845. He learned the trade of a mechanic, which he followed several years. He purchased a farm in Columbia, Jackson county. In 1858 he was elected supervisor, and held that office ten years; in 1865 and 1^67 he was a Representative, and in 1869-70 Senator in the legislature. In 1870 he took the census of the south part of Jackson county. In 1872 he was appointed postmaster of Brooklyn and held it many years. LYSANDER WOODWARD Was born in Columbia, Conn., Nov. 19, 1817. He removed with his parents to Chili, N. Y., in 1825. In 1838 he came to Rochester, Michi- gan, and five years afterwards settled on a farm in Avon, same county. He was several times supervisor and justice. In 1861-2 he was a Representative from Oakland county. From 1866 to 1870 he was county treasurer, and several times has been president of the county agricultural society. He was for two years president of the Detroit & Bay City railroad company. In politics a Republican. JOHN D. WOODWORTH Was born in Pembroke, N. Y., Feb. 28, 1826. Emigrated to Jackson in 1831, and was educated in the schools of that city. He studied MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 717 medicine, and graduated from Rush medical college, Chicago, in 1853. He came to Leslie in 1849, and represented the town for fifteen years on the board of supervisors. He was a Representative from Ingham county in 1863-4-5-7, was the first president of the village of Leslie, a member of the board of education for 25 years, and director of the Leslie schools for fifteen years. A Republican in politics. THOMAS B. WOOD WORTH, Representative from Huron county in 1877, was born Oct. 2, 1841, in Wayne county, N. Y. He received an academical education. He removed from Auburn, N. Y., to Huron county, Michigan, in 1867. He has been supervisor of the township of Caseville, 1868 to 1876, and was county surveyor for two years. He founded the Caseville Adver- tiser in Jan., 1874, and continued its editor until 1876, when it was merged in the Huron County News. He is by profession a lawyer. In politics a Republican. WALTER W. WOOLNOUGH Was born in Suffolk county, England in July, 1822. He came to Rochester, N. Y., with his parents in 1838, where he learned the art of printing. In 1845 came to Battle Creek, Mich., bought the first print- ing material and published the Western Citizen, the first newspaper. In August, 1846, began to publish the Michigan Tribune, which after two years was merged in the Liberty Press. From 1851 to 1863 was editor and publisher of the Battle Creek Journal. From that date until 1871 was not engaged in newspaper work, then edited and pub- lished the Michigan Tribune until 1877, when he sold out. He was a trustee of the village of Battle Creek; a Representative in 1859; an alderman four years; nine years a member of the board of education, and president, and a justice. In politics a Whig until 1854, a Repub- lican until 1872, since a Democrat. Is now connected with the Battle Creek Daily Moon. ROBERT WORDEN, Jr., Representative in 1853, was long a resident of Hillsdale county, and was county treasurer from 1848 to 1852. He was a farmer and a Democrat. Now resides near Owosso. 81 718 MICHIGAN UIOGRAPHY. BERNARD C. WHITTEMORE, State Treasurer from 1850 to 1855, was born near Rome, N. Y., in 1807. He came at an early day to Pontiac, where he was in the hardware trade. In politics a Democrat. Died December 7, 1856. GIDEON O. WHITTEMORE, Secretary of State from 1846 to 1848, was born at St. Albans. Vt., August 12, 1800. He settled at Pontiac, Mich., in 1826, and engaged in the practice of law. He held many positions of trust, was a justice, associate judge of Oakland county, and member of the con- stitutional convention of 1850. In 1854 he founded Tawas City, Iosco county, and built a large steam saw-mill, the first on Tawas bay. He was judge of probate and prosecuting attorney of Iosco county. Died June 30, 1863, and was buried at Pontiac. DAVID A. WRIGHT Was born in Granville N. Y., JuneO. 1813. In 1824his father removed to Oneida couaty, and in 1843 came with his family to Michigan, and the son settled in Springfield, Oakland county. He was appointed postmaster at Austin, and held the office twenty-five years. He was Representative in 1849, and Senator in 1853. He was for some years coroner of Oakland county, and was a prominent Mason. In politics a Democrat. Died January 19, 1877. HAMILTON M. WRIGHT, Representative from Bay county in 1883-5, was born in New Orleans, La., October 26, 1852; graduated from Yale college in 1875, and from its law department in 1877. Removed to Bay City in 1878 and went into practice. Has been an alderman. Politically a Democrat. HORATIO WRIGHT, Representative from Oakland county in 1867, was born in Granville, N. Y., February 20, 1818. In 1824 he removed, with his parents, to Oneida county, N. Y., and in 1839 located in Genesee county, N. Y. He settled at Springfield, Oakland county, in 1843, and in 1847 in Groveland, same county, where he now resides. He is a farmer; in politics a Democrat. He married Sarah M. Campbell in 1842, and of seven children, three sons and three daughters are living. He has MICHIGAN" BIOGRAPHY. 719 held the office of supervisor eight years, and was a justice from 1852 to 1876. He is a prominent Mason. HERMJIN A. WYCKOFF, Representative from Oakland county in 1881-2, was born in Romulus, N. Y., June 17, 1838. He came to Oakland county in 1845, with his parents, who settled near Pontiac. Received a common school edu- cation, and is a farmer and breeder of fiae stock. Politically a Re- publican. GEORGE C. WYLLI3, Representative from Hillsdale county in 1883, was born at Potsdam, N. Y., August 1, 1825. Settled with his father at Pulaski, Mich., in 1838. Educated in common schools, with a few months at Michigan central college, at Spring Arbor. Taught school winters until 1852; then settled on his farm in Moscow. Has since taught eight terms, been a justice eighteen years, and school inspector nine years. In politics a Republican. HENRY WYMAN, Representative from Lenawee county in 1845, was born in Jefferson county, N. Y,, in 1803. By profession a physician; in politics a Demo crat. Njw resides at Blissfield. GEORGE L. YAPLE Was born in Leonidas, Mich., February 20, 1851. In 1857 removed with his parents to Mendon, same county. Graduated in the classical course at the Northwestern University at Evanston, Illinois, in 1871. Studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1872, but immediately engaged in farming, and continued in that pursuit until the spring of 1877, when he entered upon the practice of law. Was defeated as greenback candidate for congress in 1880. In 1882 he was elected Representative to the forty eighth congress on the union ticket, and served from 1883 to 1885. In 1886 he was nominated for governor, but was defeated by the republican candidate. He is a fine orator on the stump, and his speech in congress in favor of free trade was cir- culated throughout the country. ?2() MICHIGAN BICGRAPHY. CHARLES YARRIKGTON, Representative from Jackson county in 1881-2, was born April 28, 1839, in Napoleon, Mich. He was given the advantages of the com- mon schools of the times. He alternated between farming and school teaching, and attended four terms at the State Normal school. When twenty -one years of age he removed to the Pacific coast, and finally located in the mining regions of Idaho. There he remained until 1866, when he returned to Norvell, with sufficient means to enter the mercantile business. He is still engaged in that business. He has served three terms as township clerk; was appointed census enumer- ator for 1880, and has held the office of postmaster. In politics a Re- publican. SAMUEL W. YAWKEY Was born at IMassillon, Ohio, April 22, 1830. He removed to East Saginaw, Mich., in 1852. He there followed the occupation of a lumber dealer. In politics a Republican. He was mayor of East Saginaw in 1867 and 1869, and was Representative in 1865-9-'70. He died at Elko, Nevada, March 12, 1882. GEORGE G. B. YECKLEY, Representative from Van Buren county in 1875, was born in Gorham , N. Y., February 13, 1831. He received a common school education and came to Ypsilanti in 1853. In 1860 he removed to Hamilton, Van Buren county. He has held the office of supervisor for seven •years, also that of justice. By occupation a farmer, in politics a Republican. SANFORD A. YEOMANS, Representative from Ionia county in 1877-79, was born in German Flats, N. Y., November 29, 1816. He received a common school education. In 1833 he removed to Easton, Ionia county. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1867, and held various township and county offices. He was a farmer and dealer in real estate, also a stockholder and director of the first national bank of Ionia. In politics a Republican. GEORGE YERKES, Representative from' Oakland county in 1879, was born in N^vi, Mich., April 19, 1838. He was educated in the common schools. MECHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 7*^1 Occupation, farmiag. He has held the office of justice two terms; also that of supervisor two terms. la poUtics a Republican. WILLIAM YERKES, Representative from Oj,kland county in 1837-57, was born in Pennsyl- vania in 1794, and cams to Michigan in 1823, settling in what is now the town of Novi, but which then embraced several other surrounding townships under the name of Farmington. He was a farmer by occupation, Whig and R3publican in politics, and servei at various times as supervisor and justice. Died January 5, 1884. JOHN K. YOCUM, Representative from Washtenaw county in 1851-2, was bDrn in Mont- gomery county, Pa., March 27, 1819. He came with his parents to Lyndon, Mich., in 1836. For many years he worked summers and taught school winters. In 1846 he married Marie A. Johnson, and settled on a farm. Appointed U. S. assessor in 1863, he held the position five years, and has held other offices. In politics Whig and Republican. For thirty -eight years he has been county or deputy surveyor. CHESTER YOST Was born in Fayette, N. Y. Was a farmer by occupation, and a jus- tice in his native town. Emigrated to Michigan and settled on a farm in Washtenaw county, on which he remained several years. He then removed to Ypsilanti and became a partner of Benjamin Fol- lett in the mercantile business. During the last years of his life was not in business. He was a Whig, then a Republican, last a Democrat. He was elected to the Senate in 1859 as a Republican, and was justice for a number of years. Died May 24, 1874. AMBROSE P. YOUNG, Representative from Wayne county in 1848, '81-2, was born in Phelps- town, N. Y., May 23, 1814. He followed farming until seventeen, then learned the trade of carriage^ making. He settled in Romulus, Mich., in 1836, and for several years carried on blacksmithing and carriage making. He then became a farmer. Has held the offices of town clerk, school inspector, supervisor, colonel of militia, associate 722 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. county judge, and vice president of Monroe and Wayne mutual fire insurance company. Has also been a justice for 35 years. In politics a Democrat. He claims to have given the vote that changed the name of the capital from Michigan to Lansing. H. OLIN YOUKG, Representative from Marquette county in 1879, was born at New Albion, N. Y., Aug 4, 1850. He attended school at Chamberlin insti- tute. He removed to Ishpeming, Michigan, in 1872, and engaged in mercantile pursuits. In politics a Republican. S. PERRY YOUNG, Representative from Montcalm county in 1883, was born in Summit, Mich., Sept. 2, 1850. Received a common and high school educa- tion. He attended the law school of the University one year. He was clerk of Montcalm county from 1875 to 1879, and has been exten- sively engaged in farming, lumbering, mercantile pursuits, and spec- ulation. Politically a Republican. GEORGE YOUNGLOVE, Representative from Monroe county in 1843, was born in Berkshire county, Mass., Nov. 14, 1794. He was a blacksmith up to 1835, after that a farmer. He came to Monroe county in 1831. In politics a Democrat. Died Sept. 6, 1876. ELISHA ZIMMERMAN, Representative from Oakland county in 1873-4, was born in St. Johns- ville, N. Y. , Dec. 26, 1828. He received a common school education. In 1851 he removed to Michigan, and settled in Grand Blanc, Genesee county. In 1865 he removed to Pontiac. By occupation a merchant. SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVES IN THE LEGISLATURE OF MICHIGAN, FROM 1835 TO 1887, WHOSE BIOGRA- PHIES DO NOT APPEAR IN THIS VOLUME : Name. Postoffice. Sessions. Adams, Oliver Utica.... 1853 Alvord, Henry J Lapeer... 1855 Ashman, Samuel Sault Ste. Marie. 1840 Backus, Ira C Jackson 1859 Bailey, Isaac G Ft. Pleasant .. 1840 Balcombe, John L Battle Creek 1851 Baldwin, Jas. M Hopkins 1859 Ball, John C Tecumseh 1843 Ballard, Jesse Summerville. 1837 Barbeau, Peter B Fort Brady 1845 Barnes, Norman La Salle 1850 Bement, Rufus B Dexter 1838 Bentley, Elijah Napoleon 1863-4 Blair Charles -S Tecumseh 1843 I5lair, ^.narles ] Tipton 1845 Blake, John E. _ Lament 1869-70 Brewer, John... Ypsilanti 1835-6 Brown, Thos. J Houghton..... 1867 Brownell, Franklin Dowagiac. 1855 Buckley, Chester Battle Creek 1857-63-4 Burdick, Cyren Bronson 1835-6 Burt, Edwin Isabella City 1863-4 Canfield, Sam'l P New Haven 1853 Carpenter, Henry D Detroit 1850 Carver, Lyman Saline 1848 Case, Emanuel 1827 Cawley, James P Morenci.. 1871-2 Chamberlain, Harmon St. Clair 1850 Chapel, Caleb M Gidley's Station 1853 Chapel, Chas. W Sault Ste. Marie 1855 724 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. Name. Postoflace. Sessious. Chapin, Sam'l A White Pigeon 1839 Charter, Francis La Salle 1835-6-8 Chubb, Harvey Ann Arbor 1846-7 Clements, James Ann Arbor 1865 Clyburn, Wm. L Summerville 1851 Coleman, Henry _ Kendall 1840 Col well, Henry J 1874 Corkin, Wm.. Petersburg 1863-4 Cornell, Jerry G Spring Arbor... 1837 Coulter, Joseph Ontonagon 1861-2 Dalton, James, Jr. . . Dalton's Mills 1859 Dalton, Lawrence Dalton's Corners 1871-2 Davis. John.. .:.... j g^^^^l ^f- - 1^44 I Birmmgham. 1846 Davis, Wm.R Oakfield 1869-70 Dean, Chas. W. Pentwater 1867 Denman, Henry B. Dowagiac 1863-4 Denton, Solomon W Pontiac. 1848 Dimond, Reuben B Lexington 1848 Divine, John Lexington 1855 Divine, Rosekrans K Eureka 1855 Dodge, Henry M Sault Ste. Marie 1848 Dodge, Hiram Clinton 1835-6 Draper, Wm. P _ Lapeer. 1838 Drew, John A ......._ Mackinac -1841 Eaton, Ebenezer C..., j El^^rvkv.::;--:::: 1%' Eaton, Levi Romulus 1851 Ecklee, George Rollin 1845 Emerson, Luther G Rockland 1867 Emery, Jared H Burnside 1867 Enos, Uriel Edwardsburgh 1855 Farrington, Thomas London 1837 Ferris, Ben j. F Sherwood 1848 Ferris, Richard Bear Lake Mills. 1871-2 Finch, Silas Saline 1835-6 Finney, Noble H Grand Rapids.. 1839 Flower, James Armada 1849 Funston, George A Capac _ 1867 Galloway, John Waterf ord Center 1845 Gleason, John P Memphis 1853 Goodell, Alfred Armada.. 1846-7 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. 725 Name. •Goodrich, Ch9,uncey. Oorman, Patrick Granger, Lyman Graveraet, Robt. J.- Gray, Thomas Green, Coggeshall . . . Griffin, Jas. W Hadley, John, Jr Haight, Salmon L. .. Haire, Elias Haire, John PostoflB.ce. Sessions. Lansing 1861-2 Grafton 1871-2 Columbus 1848-3 Marquette 1857-8 Ridgeway ^ 1851 Niles 1835-6 Adamsville 1844 Harris, Silas G. Hawkins, Olney Hawley, Augustus D. Haynes, John . . Hewitt, Wm F Hill, Fitch Hollister, Hamiibal .. Hollister, Henry S Hopkins, Mordecai L. Horton, Benj. S. Hough, Olmstead Howe, George . . Howland, Nathaniel- . Irvine, John D Ives, Friend Jackson, Joseph Jewell, Chas. A Johnson, Augustus S. . Johnson, Simeon M. . . Jones, Edward H Jones, Loss E. Keeler, Lucius Holly Saline Manchester.. Grand ville Grand Haven. Talmadge Ann Arbor... Jackson Midland City. Ann Arbor Tort Huron Gidley's Station. Millpoint. Bell River Tecumseh Clinton Bristol Mackinac Plain well Perry's Grove.-. Medina Springfield.. ... Grand Rapids . . . Constantine Brooklyn.- Union King, Jonathan P Mackinac . King, John Knight, Benjamin. Kore, Jacob C Lapham, Smith Lawrence, Edwin. 82 Whitmore Lake- Eaton Rapids... Hadley Lapham ville Ann Arbor 1861-2 1849-53 1865 1861-2 1847-8 1850 1839-40 1841 1871-2 1874 1845 1846 1847 1855 1865 1835-6-7 1835-6 1839 1850-1 1850 1835-6 1869-70 1845 1843 1861-2 1847 1865 1835-6-7-8 -9, 1842-8, 1849-50 1843 1844-7 1859 1855 1857-8 1848 726 MICHIGAN BIOGKAPHY. "i^Bime. Postofflce. Sessions. Lee, Thomas Dexter 1837 Levake, Henry A Sault Ste. Marie | 8-9 ^^'^~ Little, Norman Saginaw 1839-42 Loomis, Chas. A St. Clair 1848-9 Magoon, Isaac j Columbia Lake. 1842 ^ ' ] Silver Lake 1845 Marsh, Wm. R _. WhiteLake 1853 Marvin, Jarvis E Ypsilanti 1851 Mason, Ed W.M.... Flint.. 1869-70 McCabe, James Pontiac 1848-9 McCauley, Wm Brighton 1853 McCowen, Henry _ Moscow 1869-70 McKinley, Peter - l^^Zj^^::::— :. S McLeod, Wm. Norman Mackinac. 1843-4-5 McWhorter, David Grass Lake 1853 Mead, Stephen Paint Cnek 1839 Middlesworth, Abraham Argentine .,.. 1855 Miller, Chas. L Colon 1853-5 Miller, Hiram L _ Saginaw 1841-4 Minnie, Joseph T. S... St. Clair 1871-2 Minnis Adam Wayne... 1865 Newman, Orlando East Tawas 1869-70 Nixon, Robert- - Oneida 1865 Noble, Herman C Byron.. 1849 Ord, Placidus Sault. Ste Marie 1846 Ormsby, Caleb N _ AnnArbor 18o9 Patterson, James Fentonville 1851 Patterson, Jas. A Adrian.. 1843 Pattison, Wm. H Saline.... 1855-7-8 Payne, Jira Clinton. 1838 Pearl, Perry D Belleville... 1871-3 Piper, Dan'lD Clinton 1861-2-3-4 Porter, Ira Port Huron 1841 Pratt, Gilbert E.... Iihaca 1861-2 Preston, Otis White Pigeon 1842 Price,Jacob Brandon 1850' Purdy, Robert Summit 1837-43 Quackenboss, Dan'l G Tecumseh 1848-50-S Reeves, Henry L Roseville 1859 Rexf ord, Rob well B Napoleon 1855 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHY. TZ^ Name. Postoffice. Sessions. Rice, Thomas J Scio 1842-3 Rogers, Levi ._ Fredonia 1841 Rose, Wm. O. Eoseville. _ 1845 Rumsey, Henry Ann Arbor. . . .'. 1835-6-7 Runyan, John G ._ Carlton .' 1865 Russell, James Summerville. 1841 o^u^^i^^o^-^ T«o T j Sault Ste. Marie. 1843 Schoolcraft, Jas. L j Fort Brady 1844 Seeley, Harry Pontiac. 1843 Seeley, Jesse White Lake 184? Sexton, Jan d _ Dearbornville 1851 Sheldon, Orson Utica 183S Shellhouse, Martin G Colon.. 1837 Sherman, Abner _ Ontonagon 1853-5-7-63 Shoemaker, De Witt Grand Rapids 1853 (White Pigeon 1857-8 Shurtz, Frederick < Lockport 1839 ( Three Rivers . _ 1844' Smith, Calvin 1839 Smith, Job Van Buren 1837 Smith, Luther St. Louis 1865-7 Snell, Joseph W Ora Labor 1869-70 Spaulding, Phineas S.„ Elmira 1867 Spr ague, Paul C - Nebraska 1863-4 Stone, Hiram H. _ Dearbornville 1848 Taylor, Wm. H.... Sparta Centre. .-.- 1861-2 1 ft^Q— 1 8fi1 Toll, Alexander Mackinac 1862-3-4 Truesdale, Aaron B Bridgewater 1847-51 Tucker, True P St. Clair 1839-40 Turner, Reuben D Mackinac --..'.. 1840 Ullman, Isaac J. -. Constantine 1835-6 Wade, Cerrel B Brooklyn 1861-2 Ward, Zuel Belle River. 1855 Warner, Ebenezer Sault Ste. Marie - 1859-61-2 Webb, Dwight Ann Arbor ..- 1849-50 Welch, Lewis Exeter 1857-8-9 Weld, Washington... Centreville. 1843 Wheeler, William Flowerfield 1861-2-3-4 Whitmore, Ezra Ann Arbor 1855 Whitney, Thomas East Saginaw 1857-8 Willard, Wm., Jr '. Ontonagon 1869-70 Williams, Hubert G Marquette 1869-70 728 MICHIGAN BIOGRAPHIC. Name. Postoffice. Sessions. Wood, Stephen R Sault Ste. Marie 1841 Woodbury, Jas. H. Adrian 1843 Worden, Ananias 1848 Wright, Chas. R St. James 1861-2 Note.— On printing the biographies in A and B, it was found that the material prepared could not appear in one volume, and thus meet the limited appropria- tion, without many biographies were condensed. This has been done in several hundred instances, to the great regret of the compiler. IISTDEX. PAGE. History of Michigan 5 to 20 History of Counties 21 to 23 A. Abell, Oliver C 27 Abel, Sylvester 27 Abbott, Adrian 0 27 Abbott, Isaac C 28 Abbott, Joshua K 28 Abbott, Robert 28 Abbott, Wm. L 29 Acker, Henry 29 Ackley, Francis 29 Adair, Wm 29 Adam, John J 30 Adams, Ezra C 31 Adams, Isaac 31 Adams, John Q 32 Adams, Oscar 32 Adams, Peter R 33 Adams, Wales 33 Adsit, Allen C 33 Aitken, Robt. P 33 Alden, Hiram 34 Aldrich, Levi 34 Alexander, Lorenzo P 35 Alexander, Sidney U 35 Alger, Russell A 35-36 Allen, Abram 37 Allen, Edward P 37 Allen, George W 37 Allen, Harmon 38 Allen, Hiram M 38 Allen, John 38 Allen, Lewis. .1 39 Allen, Lovatus C 39 Allen, Morris S 39 AUman, Wm 40 Almy, John 40 Alvord, Nathan 40 Ambler, Wm. E 41 Ames, Joseph G 41 Ames, Michael E 42 Anderson, David 42 Anderson, Robt. H 42 Anderson, Samuel F 42 Anderson, William A 43 Andrews, Charles 43 Andrews, John 44 Andrews, John L 44 Andrews, Joslah 44 Andrus, Wesley P 45 Annable, Fernando C 45 Anneke, Emil 45 Aplin, Henry H 46 Arms, WillardB 46 Armstrong, John h 47 Armstrong, Sullivan 47 Arnuld, Daniel J 47 Arnold, Joseph 48 Arnold, Seymour 48 Arnold, William P....: 48 PAGE. Arzeno, Alexander M 48 Ashley, James 48 Ashman, Henry C 49 Ashtou, Benjamin D 49 Atwater, Reuben ■4§'^^ Atwood, Henry P 49 Atwood, Marcus M 49 Atwood, Wm. A 50 Austin, Charles 50 Avery, John 51 Axford, Samuel 51 Axford, William 51 Allen, Artemas 52 Andrus, Wm. W 52 B. Babcock, Chas. V 52 Babcock, Henry S 52 Babcock, Jonathan W 52 Babcock, W. Irving 53 Backus, Henry T. 54 Backus, William 54 Bacon, Cyrus 54 Bacon, Daniel S 54 Bacon, John 55 Bacon, Levi, Jr 55 Bacon, Nathaniel 55 Bagley, John J 55-6 Bailey, Alvin W 57 Bailey, Frederick G 57 Bailey, Norman 57 Baker, Francis 57 Baker, Frederick A 58 Baker, Milo S 58 Baker, Newton 58 Baker, Seward 58 Baker, William, Jr 59 Baker, William A 59 Balch, Nathaniel A 59 Baldwin, Augustus C 60 Baldwin, Charles 61 Baldwin, Elias J 61 Baldwin, EzraP 62 Baldwin, Frank A 62 Baldwin, Henry P 63 Baldwin, Simeon L 64 Ball, Byron D 64 Ball, John 64 Ball, William.. 65 Ballentine, William H 66 Bancroft, Edward C 66 Bancroft, William L 66 Barber, Daniel 67 Barber, Homer G 67 Barber, John 61 Barber, Julius S 67 Barbour, John 68 Barclay, Jonathan S 68 Bardwell, Hiram H 68 Barker, Richard P 68 Barlow, Nathan 69 Barlow, Nathan, Jr 69 730 INDEX. Barnaby, Horace T gg Barnard, Ely---- 69 Barnard. Newell ^^ Barnes, Eleazar ,j.q Barnes, Henry... ^ ^l Barnes, Orlando M L Barnes, Orsamus b „2 Barrett. Hiram... ^2 Barringer, John Uj ^g Barry, JohnS. r^^ Barry, Thos B... ^^ Bartholomew, Ira H r^^ Bartlett, Wallace R ^^ Barton. W. Walter ^5 Bartow, John y5 Bartow, Moses. n-g Bates, Alfred G... ^g Bates, Erastus M «,j. Batis, Federick ^^ Bates, Geo. C -rg Bates, Morgan ^g Bates, Wna. R-- -:.--- ■ - • v^ 70 Baumgardner.WiliamG jy Baxter, Benjamin L -,g Baxter, Levi.--. gQ Baxter, Witter J g, Bayley,James._ g^ Beach, Joseph P g. Beach, Noah..... go Beakes, Hiram J g2 Beal, Isaac D......— - g^ Beaman, Fernando C. „„ Beamer, George K gg Beattie, Adani g. Beaufait, Lpiiis -- g. Beckwith, Jefferson H °* Bedtelyon, Jacob g- i Beebe, Joseph E H Beebe, Uriah...-. H Beecher, Chas. N... gg Beecher, Norman A gg Beecher, RobertR...-- gg Beekman, Benjamin F ^ Beers, Philo g-j- Beeson, Jacob gy Beeson, Jesse G... gg Beeson, William B ^^ Begole, JosiahW.- go Belden, Eugene H °g Belding, Friend gg Belknap, James W ° Bell, Alexander F XY Bell, DigbyV l[ Bell, George W.. ....-.- °^ Benedict, Alexander H ^5 Benedict, Jacob M ^S Benedict, Peter H.....--. g^ Benjamin, William H. P ^- Bennett, Alonzo q% Bennett, Davis D "^ Bennett, John H...- "1 Bennett, Stillman W »* Bennett, Theodore G "* Bentley, John W ^* Berk, John .-- 04 Berrick, Francis H V* Berry, EnosG S^ Berry, Jonathan.-- g- Berry, hangford G ^ Bettinger, Conrad ^g Betts, Charles og Biddle, John Bingham, Kinsley S Bird, John M • Birney, James 103 103 Bishop, Jas.C j^^q Bishop, Levi....--- -^q^ Bishop, RoswellP i^^ Bitely, Nathan H V;'^ Bixby, David>.-- {^J Black, Cyrenms P J^| Blacker, Robert R \'Z Blackman, Daniel- ^^^ Blackman, Henry E ^* Bldeiman,'Samuejf J f, Billings, Simeon R Za Bills. Perley-..-...- gg \ grown, Charles R Bmgham, Henry H "" ' Blackman, Sam 1 i± ,q. Blades, William ihUo6 Blair, Austin ^^'^ J^ Blakeslee, George ^"^ Biindbury, John \^^ Bliss, Aaron T..-- i^a Bliss, Solomon B. -— - jXS Blodgett, Amos C ^^ Blois,JohnT.. 5^ Blood, Calvin A {\q Bloom, Adam h- ,,q Boies, Henry M i,, Boies, John K.-.- ,,1 Bolger, Robert E..-- [[[ Bolton, Abraham T \\[ Bond, William S ^\1^ Bonham, Asher ,,„ Bonine, Evan J.-,.-.. {U Bonnell, Benjamin C :|J* Borgman, Martm V :[.„ Boss, Alfred J \U Bostwick, Ezra \[. Bottomley, Thomas J{J Bowen. Jesse -,,4 Bowen.Ozro A... - \^^ Bowman, John H ^^^ Bowne, John.... ,,5 Boynton, DanieL... ^^g Boynton, Nathan b.- ,.g Bradfleld, Thomas D \\l Bradford, Vincent L ^j" Bradley, Edward ,y, Bradley, Harmon ^,^- Bradley, Nathan B \[i, Bradshaw, Elias... ,.g Brandon, Calvin K ,jg Brant, Lyman A ,jg Breen,Bartley.... -. ^g Breitung, Edward J^g Brewer, Mark b^- ^.,q Brewster, Wm. VV .go Bridge, Henry P ^21 Briggs, Charlei<_ ^^21 Briggs, Daniel B. jg^ Brlggs, Edward L j22 Briggs, George G ;^22 Briggs, Henry C. ; ^22 Briggs, Robert V ^23 Bristol, Eh H.-- i23 Britton, Roswell y^ Britain, Calvin ^23 Brock, Mar^W^ • ;; 124 Brockway , Wm. H...- - - y^_Q Brodhead, Thornton F A-J25 Brooks, John A..-..-- ^26 Brooks, Nathaniel W J*g Biotherson, P.C. ±1 jge Brown, Alvarado ^26 Brown, Ammon J27 Brown, Amos » j27 Brown, Asahel jg-j- Brown, Benjamin jgg Brown, Charles... 128 IN^DEX. 731 PAGE. Browa, David E 129 Brown, Ebenezer L 129 Brown, Ethan A 129 Brown, George 130 Brown, George I. L30 Brown, George W 130 Brown, Giles W 130 Brown, Henry B 131 Brown, John S. 131 J?rown, Joseph W , 131 Brown, Samuel B 132 Brown, Stephen F 13:3 Brown, William 132 Brown, William G 133 Brownell, Ellery A 133 Brownell, George 133 Brownell, Seymour 133 Brownell, William 134 Brunson, John (J 134 Brush, Elijah 134 Buck, Phillip H 135 Buckbee, Walter A 135 Budlong, Philo H 135 Buell, Ahasuerus W 135 Buell, Alexander W 136 Buell, Emmons 136 Buell, Henrys 136 Buell, John L 137 Bunce, Horace E 137 Bunce, Zephaniah W 137 Burbaak, William 138 Burch, John.. 138 Biirch, Marsden C 138 Burk, Andrew L 138 Burke. Wm. 139 Burleigh, John L 139 Burnett, William 159 Burns, James 139 Burr, Henry 140 Burrows, Belabor 140 Burrows, Julius C 140 Burt, Wm. A 141 Burton, Porter 142 Bush, Chas. P Il2 Bush, David 143 Bushnell, Daniel P 143 Butler, Edward H 143 Batler, Orange 144 Batler, Richard 144 Buttars, Archibald 144 Bitterfleld, Ira H 145 Butterfleld, John W It5 Button, John H 145 C. Oady, Charles H 146 Oady, Charles T 146 Cctdy, Chauncay G 146 Cady, Horace H i 146 Cilhoun, Norman 147 Calkins, Alanson 147 Cjilkins, Ephraim 147 Camburn, Levi 147 Cameron, Alexander. 147 Campau, Theodore J 148 Campbell, Abner E 148. Campbell, Allen 148 Campbell, Bradford 148 Campbell, Daniel 149 Campbell, James H 149 Campbell, James V 14'J Campbell, Milo D 150 Canby, Israel , 150 Canfleld, Lucius H 150 Canfleld, William 151 PAGE. Caniflf, Stephen 151 Cannon, Ellery C 151 Caplis, James 152 Carleton, Ezra C 152 Carleton, Palmer S 152 Carlton, Aubern D ...- 152 Carlton, Israel E. 153 Carmer. Shnrlock H 153 Carpenter, Chas. K. 153 Carpenter, David 154 Carpenter, Guy 154 Carpenter, Joel 154 Carpenter, Manson 154 Carpenter, William E 155 Carr, Nathan T 155 Carr, William S 155 Carter, Harleigh.... 155 Carter, John 156 Caruss, Richard B 156 Carveth. John 156 Case, ArthurT 156 Case, Barnabas 157 Case, Daniel L 157 Case, Geo. F 157 Case, James A ' 157 Case, OvidN 158 Case, Spaulding M 158 Cass, Lewis 158-60 Castle, Lemuel 160 Cathcart, John G 160 Caukin, Volney W 161 Chafey, Merritt N 161 Chamberlain, Eli B 161 Chamberlain, Henry 161 Chamberlain, William 162 Chamberlin, Samuel 162 Chambers, Fitz Williams H 162 Champlin, Elisha P 163 Champlin, JohnW - 163 Chandler, George 163 Chandler, Joseph H 164 Chandler, Z ichariah 164-5 Chapell, Worden R. 165 Chapman, Adelbert R 166 Chapman, Leander 166 Chapman, Warren 166 Chapoton, Alexander 167 Chapoton, William 167 Chase, Eugene V 167 Chase, Jonathan 167 Chase, Marcus A 167 Chase, William — 168 Chatfield, Chester C 168 Chauvin, Chas. B 168 Cheney, Amherst B 168 Cherry, Henry P 169 Chester, Easton F 169 Childs, Aaron 169 Childs, Augustus W 169 Childs, J. Webster - 169 Chipman, Henry C 170 Chipman, J. Logan 170 Chipman, John S. 170 Chipman, Joseph N 171 Chittenden, William F 171 Choate, Emerson 171 Christiancy, Isaac P 171 Church, Thomas B 173 Churchill, Worthy L 172 Clapp, Leverett A...... -— 172 Clark, Albert K 1^3 Clark, Benjamin Lg Clark, Darius 17o Clark, David L3 Clark, Edwin G Iji3 Clark, ElihuL 1<* 732 IKDEX. PAGE. Clark, Elijah B 174 Clark, Frederick 0 174 Clark, Jeremiah 175 Clark, John 175 Clark, John R. 175 Clark, Newcomb 175 Clark, Orman 176 Clark, Robert E... 176 Clark, Samuel 176 Clark, William A. 176 Clarke, Hovey K. 177 Clarke, Luther W 177 Clemens, C/hristian 177 Clement, Joshua 177 Climie, Andrew 178 Cline, William M 178 Clisbee, Chas. W 178 Clubb, Henrys 178 Coates, Joseph 179 Coates, Lintsford B 179 Cobb, George P . 179 Cobb, James B 179 Cobb, Thomas S 180 Cochran, Varnum B 180 Cochrane, James W 180 Cochrane, Lyman 181 Coe, George A 181 Coggeshall, Bela 181 Colbath, Lemuel 183 Cole, Ezra 183 Cole, Henry S 183 Cole, Miner T.. 182 Cole, William B 183 Coleman, George 183 Collier, Victory P 183 Collins, Alpheus 184 Collins, Frederick W 184 Collins, Lucius H 184 Colvin. Oliver D 184 Colwell, David G 185 Colwell, William M 185 Coman, Russell 185 Combes, Henry P 185 Compton, Henry 186 Comstock, Addison J 186 Comstock, Charles 186 Comstock, Darius 187 Comstock, Horace H 187 Comstock, OliverC 187 Conant, Harry A 188 Conely, Edwin F 188 Congdon, Elisha 188 Congdon, James M 189 Conger, OmarD 189 Conger, James L 189 Conklin, Ebenezer H. 190 Conkling, Henry C 190 Connor, Henry 190 Connor, Richard H 191 Conrad, Luther F 191 Convis, Ezra 191 Cook, AsaB 192 Cook, David R 192 Cook, Elijah F 192 Cook, Francis W 192 Cook, Henry 193 Cook, Jacob 193 Cook, John P 193 Cook, Levi 194 Cook, Peter 194 Cook, Peter J 194 Cook, William 194 Cooley, Anthony 195 Cooley, Sloan 195 Cooley, Thomas M 195 Coolidge, Henry W 196 PAGE Coomer, George W 196 Coon, Myron 196 Cooper, George B 197 Cooper, George H 197 Coots, Walter H 197 Copeland, Benjamin 198 Copeland, Joseph T 198 Copley, Alexander B 198 Corbin, Sanford H 198 Corbin, William 199^ Corey, Jeremiah D 199 Corrigan, Patrick 199 Cossitt, Charles H 199 Cottrell, Eber W 200 Coulter, JohnF 200 Covert, Lewis M 200 Cowan, George Y 200' Cox, Robert 201 Craig, James 201 Crandall, George W 201 Crane, Alexander D 201 Crane, Archer H.. 201 Crane, Flavins J. B 202^ Crane, George 202 Crane, George L 202 Crapo, Henry H 203-4 Crary, Isaac E 204 Cravath, Isaac M 204 Craven, Robert E 205 Crawford, James 205 Crawford, John G 205 Crego, Richard J 205 Cressy, Alonzo 206 Crocker, Martin 206 Crocker, Thos. M. 207 Crofoot, George W 207 Crosby, Calvin B 207 Crosby, Hale E 207 Crosby, Moreau S. 207 Cross, Johns 208 Crossman, Alanson 2(i8 Grossman, Daniel L 208 Crossman, John S 209 Croswell, Charles M 209-10 Crouse, Robert 210 Crozer, James A 211 Culver, Jonathan H 211 Curry, James L 211 Curry, Solomon S 211 Curtenius, Frederick W 212^ Curtis, Israel 212 Curtis, John L 212 Curtis, Lester 213 Curtis, Norman D 213 Curtis, William H 213 Curtis, Thomas 313 Cust, Edwin M. 213 Cutcheon, Byron M. 214 Cutcheon, Otis E. M 214 Cutcheon, Sullivan M 215 Dakin, Milo H 215 Daly, James 215 Damon, John A 216 Danforth, Ephriam B 216 Danforth, George 216 Daniels, David 1 216 Daniels, Ebenezer 217 Darling, Henry 217 Darragh, Archibald B 217 Darragh, Lewis 217 Davenport, George 217 Davenport, George 218 INDEX. 733 PAGE. David, James I , 218 David, Orria 218 Davis, Alexander P 219 Davis, Alexander W 219' Davis, Alonzo C 219 Davis, Ammos 219 Davis, Calvin 220 Davis, Chauncey 220 Davis, Henry 220 Davis, Ira 220 Davis, John M 221 Davis, Jonathan D 221 Davis, Lewis C 221 J>avis, Robert W 221 Davis Willard 223 Davii^on, Norman 222 Davison, Oliver P 222 Dayton, Daniel 222 Deare, Henry W 22a Declcer, Jesse 223 DeLamater, Anson H 223 Deland, Charles V 223 Deming, Daniel H.... 224 Deming, David E 224 Dennis, David B 224 Denton, Samuel. 224 Desnoyer, Peter 225 Devlin, John 225 Dewey, George M 225 Dewey, John W 226 Dewey, James S - 226 Devo, Charles 1 227 Dexter, George W 243 Dexter, Samuel 237 Dexter. Samuel W 227 Dickerman, Albert 228 Dickie, Charles 228 Dickinson, William E 238 Dickson, tiobinson J 239 Diekema, Gerrit J 22\) Diller, Henry B 239 Dillman, Louis 229 Dillon, .Toseph 230 Dinturflf, Daniel W 230 Divine, Joseph 230 Divine, Westbrook 230 Dix, Roscoe D 231 Dixon, Johns 231 I Dockeray, James 233 Dodge, Frank L 232 Dole, Sidney.. 232 Dolson. Levi E 232 , Donnelly, John C 233 j Dorsey, Andrew 233 Dort, Titus 233 Doty, Philo 233 Doty, Samuel 233 Douglierty, Archibald K 234 Douglas, Columbus C 234 Douglass, Frank A 234 Douglass, Samuel T 234 Dovel, Andrew J 235 Dow, John 235 Dow, Peter 285 Dowling, Michael A 2a5 '' Dox, Peter 236 Drake, Thomas J 236 Drake, William 236 Draper, Charles 237 Draper, William 237 Drew, John F 237 Driggs, Alfred L 237 Driggs, John F 237 Dudgeon, Anthony .- 238 Duffleld, George 238 Duffleld, William W .'.'.'. 338 83 PAGE. Dunakin, Daniel 239 Dunbar, Addison E 239 Dunbar, William 289 Duncan, Delamore 239 Duncan, Lawson A 240 Duncan, Robert W 240 Duncan, Wm. C 240 Duncombe, Charles 241 Dundass, Robert F 241 Dunham, Nelson 241 Dunlap, Abijah B B41 Dunstan, Thomas B '. 241 DuPuy, James 242 Durand, Geo. H 242 Durkee, Lewis 242 Durocher, Laurent 242 Dusseau, Joel J 243 Dusseau, Victor A 243 Dyckman, Evert B... 243 E. Eakins, James 244 Earl, Barney 244 Earle, Nathaniel A 244 Eastman, Ahira G 244 Easton, David J 245 Eaton, Crosby ..-. 245 Eaton, Jerome B...1 245 Eck, William R 245 Eddy, Hiram S 246 Edmunds, James M 246 Edmonds, Charles A 246 Edsell, Wilson C 247 Edwards, Abraham 247 Edwards, Arthur 247 Edwards, Edward E 247 Edwards, George F , 248 Edwards, Henry D 248 Edwards, William J 248 Egan, Francis B 248 Eggleston, Ebenezer 8 249 Eggleston, James 249 Eisenmann, John C 249 Eldred, Alvah D 249 Eldred, Caleb 249 Eldredge, James B 250 Eldredge, Nathaniel B 250 Eldredge, Robert P 250 EUenwood, John 251 Elliott, Adam 251 Elliott, Marcus D 251 Ellis, Edward D 251 Ellis, Myron H 253 Ellsworth, Charles C 252 Ely, Elisha 252 Ely, HemanB 252 Ely, Ralph 2^ Emerick, Frank 253 Emerson, Philip H 254 Emmons, Jed P. C 254 Englemann, Hieronymus 2.54 Enos, Jehiel 255 Enos, Morgan 355 Erskine, James 355 Estabrook, John S 255 Eatabrook, Joseph 255 Estee, Free 256 Etheridge, Samuel --- 25b Ewell, Philander 257 Ewers, Charles 2o7 Ewing, Alexander 357 F. Fairfield, Ebenezer W 257 734 INDEX. PAGE. Fairfield, Edmund B 258 Fallass, Silas S 258 Fargo, John D 258 Fancher, Isaac A 258 Farmer, John 259 Farmer, William S 259 Farnsworth, Elon 259 Farr, Augustine W 260 Farr, George A 260 Fast, Orlando J 260 Fay, Jonathan P 260 Faxon, Thomas J 261 Felch, Alpheus 261-2 Fellows, Orville H 262 Felt, Dorman 263 Fenner, George H 262 Fenton, Charles B 263 Fenton, Joseph S 263 Fenton, William M 263 Ferguson, Daniel, Jr 264 Ferguson, Fenner 264 Ferguson, James E 264 Ferguson, Thomas A 265 Ferrington, George W 265 Ferris, Jacob 265 Ferry, Asa P 265 Ferry, Thomas W 266 Fessendeu, C. B. H 266 Fey, Conrad 267 Field, James 267 Field, Moses W. 267 Fifleld, Francis W Zb7 Finch, Asahel, Jr : 268 Tinley, Wm., Jr 268 Fish, George W 268 Fisher, Delos -.— 268 Fisher, Spencer 0 269 Fitch, Ferris S 269 Fitch, Lyman A 269 Fitch, Morgan L 269 Fitch, Nathan 26* Fitzgenild, Jerome B 270 Fitzgerald, John C 270 Fitzgerald, Thomas 270 Fitzsimmons, George 271 Fletcher, John W 271 Fletcher, Niram A 271 Fletcher, William A 271 Follett, Martin P 272 Foote, DanP 272 Foote, Henry K 272 Forbes, John 272 Forbes, Joshua 272 Ford, Henry 27-i Ford, Melbourne H 273 Forster, John H 273 Foster, Wilder D 273 Fowle, James 274 Fowler, Frederick 274 Fowler, Ralph 274 Fowler, Smith W 274 Fox, Benjamin F 275 Fox, Edwin G 275 Frallck, Henry 275 Francis, William H 276 Eraser, Charles L 276 Eraser, Murdoch 276 Freeman, Chandler 276 Freeman, Franklin S 276 French, Alfred 277 French, George H 277 French, John M 277 French, William A 277 Frey, John W 278 Frisbee, Alonzo T 278 Frisbee, Philips 278 PAGE. Frost, AlmonB 278 Fuller, Ceylon C 278 Fuller, Edward L 279 Fuller, PhiloC 279 Fyfe, Lawrence C 279 G. Gage, Chauncey H 279 Gage, DewittC 280 Gage, John L 280 Gage, Justus 2t0 Gage, Seneca H 280 Gage, William 281 Gale, Elbridge E 281 Gale, Martin P 281 Galloway, John H 281 Gallup, Caleb H 281 Gintt, SamuelN 282 Gard, Milton J 282 Gardner, Amos 282 Gardener, Earl P 282 Gardner, Ransom 283 Garfield, Charles W 283 Garfield, Samuel M 283 Gargett, James 284 Garrison, William D 284 Garvelink, Jan W 284 Garvej-, Matthew T 284 Garwood, Alonzo 284 Gaskill, Silas B 285 Gass, Herschel R 285 Gay, MiloL 285 Gaylord, Augustine S 285 Geddes, John.. 286 Germain, Geo. W 286 Gerrish, Nathaniel L 286 Gibbs, Adoniram J 286 Gibbs, George C 287 Gibbs, James L 287 Gibson, Charles F 287 Gibson, John 287 Giddings, Augustine H 288 Giddings, J. Wight 288 Giddings, Marsh 288 Giddings, Orrin N 288 Gidley, Townsend E 289 Gies,Paul 289 Giflord, MiloE 289 Gilbert, Linus S 290 Gilbert, Thomas D 290 Gillam, George F 290 Gillett, Amasa 290 Gilleit, Martin S 291 Gillett, Shadrach 291 Gilluly, John 291 Gilman, Joseph 291 Gilmore, Arthur D 292 Girardin, Joseph E 292 Glavin, JohnM 292 Gleason, Daniel G 292 Gleason, James 292 Glenn, James L 293 Glessner, Augustus S 293 Godfrey, James J 293 Godfrey, Joseph 2f3 Godfrey, Peter 294 Goebel, August 294 Goff, Sewell S 294 Goodell, Daniel 294 Goodell, James M 294 Goodman, Alonzo A 295 Goodman, Francis 295 Goodman, Lowell 295^ Goodrich, Chauncey B 295 Goodrich, Enos 295 INDEX. 735 PAGE. Goodrich, John S 296 Goodrich. John V 296 Goodrich, Levi N 296 Goodrich, Reuben 296 Goodwin, Daniel 297 Goodwin, Justin 297 Goodwin, William F 298 Goodyear, Henry A 298 Gordon, Henry 298 Gordon, James Wright 298 Gorham, Charles T 299 Gorman, James S 299 Gould, Amos 300 Gould, James 300 Gould, James J 300 Gower, Cornelius A 300 Grace, Benjamin 301 Graham, James 301 Graham, Jonathan B 301 Granger, Bradley F 302 Granger, Elihu 302 Granger, George H 303 Grant, Alexander 303 Grant, Claudius B 303 Grant, Robert J 303 Graves, Benjamin F 303-4 Graves, William 304 Gray, Edgar L 304 Gray, James S 305 Gr^y, Neil 305 Green, Albertus L 305 Green, Edward H 3'06 Green, Isaac 308 Green, James A 306 Green, Nelson 307 Green, Noah K o07 Green, Orson 307 Green, Sanford M 307 Greene, Daniel C 308 Greenfield, Alson 308 Greenfield, John 308 Greenly, William L 30S Gregory, Charles 309 Gregory, Charles S 309 Gregory, John M 310 Gregory, William H 310 Gregory, William S 3iC Greiuer, Michael 311 Grenell, Judson 311 Greusel, John 311 Gridley, G. Thompson 312 Grier, Theophilus C 312 Griffey, Clinton G 312 Grimes, Thompson 312 Grinnell, John 312 Gris wold, Augustus D 313 Griswold, George R 313 Griswold, Harrison W 313 Groesbeck, Charles C 313 Grosvenor, Ebenezer 0 314 Grosvenor, Ira 0 314 Grove, John 314 Grovier, Isaac J 314 Gulick, Nicholas 315 Gulley, Alfred 315 GuUev, Alfred B 315 Gullirer, Freeman 0 315 Gunning, James 315 H. Haack, Bernard 816 Hackett, Walter ,. 316 Hagaman, Francis H 316 Haight, Salmon L 316 PAGE. Haire, Robert A 316 Halbert, Horace 317 Hale, David B 317 Hale, William 317 Hall, Alfred D 317 Hall, Frederick 318 Hall, Henry 318 Hall, Horatio 318 Hall, Moses 318 Hall, Salmon C 318 Hall, Talman W 319 Hamilton, John 819 Hamilton, Nathaniel A 319 Hammond, Andrew G 319 Hammond, Charles G 320 Hammond, Horace N 330 Hammond, William 320 Hampton, Charles S 320 Hance, John W 320 Hand, George E 321 Hand, Michael 321 Hankerd, Patrick 321 Hannah, Perry 331 Hannahs, George 322 Hanscom, Alfred H 332 Harbaugh, David E 332 Harden, William F 323 Harding, Fisher A 323 Harford, William M 323 Harger, Seeley 324 Harkness, John U 324 Harmon, Henry H 324 Harper, Egbert P 324 Harrington, Chas. F 324 Harrington, Dan'l B 325 Harrington, Ebenezer B 325 Harris, Edward W 325 Harris, Israel V 326 Harris, Myron 326 Harris, Thomas W 3^6 Harris, William 336 Harshaw, Andrew 327 Hart,AlvinN 327 Hart, Henry 337 Hartson, Wm. W. - 327 Hart, Jonathan 328 Hart, Noah H 328 Hartsuff, Joseph L 328 Harvie, Andrew 328 Harvev, Barzilla J 329 Hascall, Charles C 339 Hascall, Volney 329 Haskins, Haran 330 Haskin, Nelson 330 Hastings, Eurotas P 330 Hatch, Barnabas C 330 Hatch, Herschel H 331 Hatch, Reuben 331 Hathaway, Hiron 331 Hatheway, Gilbert 331 Haven, Martin -,-. 332 Hawes, Josiah L - 333 Hawkins, Duane 333 Hawkins, Lucius D 332 Hawley, Chauncey 333 Hawley, Elijah, Jr 333 Hawley, Thomas D 333 Hawley, Richard 333 Hayden, Henry A 334 Hayden, Henry 334 Hayden, Philotus 334 Hayes, Eleazer B 334 Hayes, Nathan B.- 334 Haynes, Harvey 335 Hays, Andrew L 385 Haywood, James E 835 736 INDEX. PAGE. Hazard, Chester 335 Haze, Charles W 336 Haze, William H 336 Hazen, Ezra 336 Hazen, Luke 336 Hazleton. George H 337 Healey, Wm. P 337 Heath, John S 337 Hebard, Charles A 338 Heisterman, Carl 3i<8 Hemingway, George F 338 Hemingway, William 338 Henderson, Eden F 338 Henderson, Henry P 839 Henry, Charles R 339 Herrington, Caleb 339 Herrington, Cass E 339 Hertzler, Christian 340 Hewitt, Alexander 340 Hewitt, Cyrus 340 Hewitt, Henry 341 Hewitt, Lauren K 341 Hewitt, Walter B 341 Hickman, Harris H 341 Hicock, Jas. W 343 Hicks, Melancthon W 343 Higby, Samuel 342 Higley, Hiram 342 High, Oliver 342 Hill, Benjamin L 343 Hill, E. Parker 343 Hill, Frederick H 343 Hill, James W 343 Hill, Loyal W 344 Hill, Nicholas R 344 Hill, Samuel W 344 Himebaugh, Emanuel.. 344 Hinchman, Theodore H 345 Hinds, Henry H 345 Hine, James W 345 Hine, Milton B 345 Hitchcock, James H - 346 Hitching?, John P 346 Hixon, Daniel 346 Hoar, Richard M 346 Hobart, Norton P 346 Hodge, Hiram C 347 Hodges, Israel S 347 Hodgkinson, Bradshaw 347 Holbrook, John 847 Holden, Ebenezer D. G. 347 Holland, Charles E 348 Hollister, Isaac T .348 Hollon, Joseph A 348 Hoi man, Joseph H 349 Holmes, Alfred 349 Holmes, Charles D 349 Holmes, Silas M 349 Holt, Henry H 350 Hoobler, Samuel R 350 Hood, John G 350 Hooker, Azel 350 Hooker, Cortes P a50 Hooker, Frank A a^il Hopkins, George H a^l Hopkins, Harvey J 351 Hopkins, Moses B. 352 Hopkins, Samuel W 352 Horner, John Scott 352 Horr, RoswellG 353 Horton, Dexter 353 Hosford, Frank H a53 Hosford, Oramel 353 Hosner, Orcott V 354 Hotchkiss, Lauren 354 Houk, Theodore G 354 PAGE. Houghton, Douglass 355 House, Elisha J 355 Houseman, Julius 355 Houston, John 356 Howard, Cyrus 356 Howard, Harvey H 356 Howard, Henry 356 Howard, Jacob M 357-8 Howard, Joshua 358 Howard, Manly D 358 Howard, Orrin H 358 Howard, Sumner 359 Howard, Wm. A 359-60 Howe, Abel N 360 Howe, John 360 Howe, Orin 360 Howell, Andrew 360 Howell, George 361 Howell, William T 361 Howland, Simpson 361 Hoyt, Birney 362 Hoyt, Herbert H 362 Hoyt, James M 362 Hoyt, John P 362 Hoyt, William C 363 Hubbard, Collins B 363 Hubbard, Giles 363 Hubbard, John H 363 Hubbard, Leonidas 364 Hubbell,JayA 364 Hubbell, Sardis F 364 Huckins, Israel 365 Hudson, Bradley P 365 Hudson, Jonathan 365 Hueston, James 365 Huff, Henry 365 Huggett, George 366 Hughes, Rossel B 366 Hulbert, Edwin J 366 Hull, Tyler 366 Hull, William 366 Humphrey, Elijah 0 367 Humphrey, John 367 Humphrey, Levi S 367 Humphrey, William 368 Hunt, Cleveland 368 Hunt, Edmund W 368 Hunt, James B 369 Hunt, Leonard H 369 Huntington, George M 369 Hurd, Homer C 369 Hurd, John S 370 Hurlbut, William H 370 Hussey, Erastus 370 Huston, Benjamin W 370 Hutchins, Allen 371 Hutchinson, Loomis 371 Hyde, Benjamin F. 371 Ingalls, Charles W 372 Jngalls, Daniel F 372 IngersoU, John N 372 Ireland, Silas 373 Irwin, Wm.W. 373 Isbell, Nelson G 373 Isham, Edwin B 373 Ives, Samuel G 373 Jackson, Andrew 374 Jay, William 374 Jenison, Henry H 374 INDEX. 737 PAGE. Jenison, William F 374 Jenkins, William B 375 Jenks, Bela W 375 Jenks, Jeremiah 375 JennesiS, John S 375 Jenney, William 376 Jennings, Ira 376 Jennison, Hiram 376 Jennison, William 376 Jerome, David H 377 Jerome, G-eorge 377 Jerome, Timothy 378 Jewell, Edward 378 Jewell, Joseph B 378 Jewett, George W 378 Johnson, Daniel 379 Johnson, Daniel F 379 Johnson, David 379 Johnson, J. Eastman 379 Johnson, Fraaklin 379 Johnson, James 380 Johnson, Samuel 380 Johnson, Welcome W 380 Jones, DeGarmo 380 Jones, Edward L 381 Jones, George C 381 Jones, George 381 Jone^, Gillam C 381 Jones, John D 382 Jones, John H 382 Jones, Richard 382 Jones, Whitney 382 Jones, William T 383 Joslyn, Chauncey 383 Joy, JamesF 383 Judd, Ethel 384 Judkins, J. Byron 384 Kallander, Martin 384 Kanouse, Jacob 385 Kanter, Edward 385 Kearsley, Jonathan 385 Kedzie, Robert C 385 Kedzie, William 386 Keeler, Richard 386 Keeney, Andrew J 386 Keeney, Salmon 386 Keightlv. Edwin W 387 Keith, William A 387 Kellogg, Edwin 387 Kellogg, Francis W 387 Kellogg, John R 383 Kellogg, Oliver 388 Kellogg, Shiverick 388 Kelly, Harrison 388 Kellej', Mark N 388 Kelley, Robert J 389 Kelsey, Newell J 389 Kelsey, Sullivan R 389 Kempf, Reuben 390 Kendrick, Frank 390 Kendrick, Frederick G 390 Kendrick, Lucius i 390 Kennedy, Frederick A , Jr 391 Kennedy, Frederick A., Sr 391 Kenney, Munnis 391 Kenny, Myron C 391 Kent, Richard 392 Kent, William A 392 Kenyon, John 392 Kercheval, Benjamin B l.. 392 Keyes, Danforth 393 Kibbee, Rufus 393 PAGE. Kibbee, Henry C 393 Kibbee, Porter 393 Kilbourne, Joseph H 394 Kilbourne, Samuel L 394 K llean, John 394 Kilpatrick, Wm. M.. 394 Kimberly, Ebenezer C 395 King, Edward 395 King, Gideon G 395 King, John B 395 King, Nathan G 395 Kingsbury, Solomon 0 396 Kingsley, James 396 Kinne, Daniel 396 Kinne, Edward D 396 Kipp, George 397 Kipp, James 397 Kirby, William J 397 Kirchner, Otto 397 Kirkland, George 398 Kirkpatrick, William M 398 Kiel, Henry 398 Klein, Peter 398 Knapp, Alonzo F 399 Knapp, Cornelius 399 Knapp, Jacob 399 Knapp, Samuel 0 399 Kneeland, George W 399 Knight, Godfrey E 400 Knight, Henry C 400 Knight, Nathan 400 Knight. Richard 400 Knowlton, Eldridge G 401 Koon, Ezra L 401 Kuhn, Joseph 401 Kurth, Frederick W. A 401 Lacey, Edward S 401 Lacey, Elijah 402 Lacey, Obed P 402 Lacey, Samuel S 402 Lad.J, Nathaniel 403 LaDu, Stallham W 403 Laing, William P 403 Laing, William S 403 Lakey, Albert L 403 Lamb, Jacob C 404 Lamb, John M 404 Lamond, Robert D 405 Lancaster, Colombia 405 Landon, John 405 Landon, Rufus W 405 Laie, Minot T 406 Lane, Peter 406 Lane, Thomas D 406 Langdon, Nathaniel 406 Lapham, Leander 407 Larned, Charles 407 Larue, Jas. B 407 Lathrop, Henry B 408 Lathrop, Horace N 408 Latimer, W. Irving 408 Latourette, David L 409 Laubach, Benjamin 409 Lawrence, Peter 409 Lawrence, Solomon L 409 Lay, EzraD 409 Leach, Dewitt C 410 LeBarron, Sirrell C 410 Ledyard, Henry 410 Lee, Daniel L 411 Lee George W 411 Lee, James 411 738 Il^DEX. PAGE. Lee, James B 413 Lee, Josiah 412 Leech, Gurdon C 412 Leech, Payne K 412 Leetch, Andrew J 412 Leitch, John 413 Leland, Elijah 413 Leland, Joshua G 413 Leonard, Joseph C 413 Leroy, Daniel 413 Leroy, John P 414 Lester, George S 414 Lewis, Amos 414 Lewis, George -. 414 Lewis, John D 415 Lewis, Nathaniel W 415 Lewis, Thomas 415 Lewis, William 415 Lincoln, Lansing E 416 Linderman, Peter 416 Linton, William S 416 Littell, William E 416 Little, Charles D 417 Littlejohn, Flavins J 417 Littlejohn, Philetus 0 417 Livingston, William, Jr 418 Livermore, Fidus 418 Livermore, John S 418 Locke, Charles 418 Lockwood, James K 419 Lock wood, Major F 419 Lockwood, Thomas W 419 Lomlson, John 419 Long, Jeremiah D 420 Longy ear, John W 420 Look, Henry M 42(» Loomis, Peter B 421 Loomis, Thomas M 421 Lord, Henry W 421 Lothr< p, Edwin H 421 Lothrop, George V. N 422 Lovell, Cyrus 422 Lovell, Enos T 422 Lovell, George W 4^3 Lovell, Louis 423 Lovell, Lafayette W 423 Lowry, John 423 Luce, Chas. D 424 Luce, Cyrus Gray 424-5 LudiKgton, Jeremiah, Jr 425 Ludlow, Luther H 425 Ludlow, Samuel 425 Luther, George 426 Lyon, Lucius 426 Lyon, Truman H 426 M. Macdonald, James H 426 Mack, Almon 4"-^7 Mack, Andrew 427 Mack, Stephen 427 Makelim, John 428 Makley, Peter D 428 Malcolm, Robert W 428 Mallett, Chas. G 428 Mallory, Chas. F 429 Maltz, Geo, L 429 Mandigo, James W 429 Manly, Charles H 430 Mann, Emanuel 430 Manning, Randolph 430 Manwaring, Joseph 431 Manwaring, Joshua 431 Marantette, Patrick 431 PAGE. Markey, Daniel P 431 Markey, Matthew 432 Markham, Giles B : 432 Mars, Thomas 432 Marston, Isaac 433 Martin, E. Broox 433 Martin, George 434 Martin, John 434 Martin, Mortimer B 434 Martin, Stephen 435 Martin, Wells R 435 Mason, Anthony L 435 Mason, Henry 436 Mason, H. M 436 Mason, John T 436 Mason, Lorenzo M 436 Mason, Stevens Thomson 437 Mather, Alonzo T 438 Matthews, George 438 Matthews, Levi C 438 Matthews, Rufus 438 Matthews, Thomas P 439 May, Benjamin 439 May, Charles S 439 May, Dwight 440 May, Henry F 440 May, James 440 May bury, William C 440 Mayhew, Ira 441 Maynard, Aaron B 441 Maynard, Loren 442 Mayo, Perry 442 Maxwell, Andrew C 442 McAllister, George C 442 McArthur, WilliamA 443 McCamley, Sands _ 443 McCarty, Thomas 443 McClelend. Hugh 443 McClelland, Robert 444 McCormick, Henry F 445 McCormick, James W 445 McCreery, Wm. B 445 McCnrdy, Hugh 445 McCutcheon, Warren 446 McDermid, John 446 McDermott, John 446 McDonald, James 447 McDonnel. John 447 McDougall, Malcolm 447 McElroy, Crockett 447 McFarlane, James 448 McGaffey, Neal 448 McGinnis, Patrick 448 McGonegal, James 449 McGowan. James H 449 McGraw, Thomas 449 McGregor. John A 449 VcGurk, James R 449 Mclntye, Donald 460 Mclntyre, Dugald 450 McKay, George R 450 McKee, Robert G. 450 McKeen, Silas D 451 McKey, Anthony.: 451 McKeruan, John Q 451 McKie,' James L 451 McKinney, John 462 McKnight, Sheldon 452 McLachlin, Dyckes 452 McMahon, James 452 McMahon, Joel W 453 McMartin, Daniel D 463 McMillan, Neal 453 McNabb, John W 453 McNair, William 454 McNaughton, Moses A 454 INDEX. 739 PAGE. McNeil, John L, 454 McPeek, Jacob L 454 McPherson, William, Jr 455 McReynolds, A. T 455 Meacham, Geo 456 Mead, Darius 456 Mead,Eli8haF 456 Mead, Henry S 456 Mears, (.'harles 456 Mellen, JohnN 457 Menzie, David 457 Mercer, James... 457 Mercer, William 457 Merrill, Elias W 458 Metcalf, Abraham T 458 Metcalf, Alfred R 458 Meyer, Henry 458 Meyer, Louis 459 Mickle, John 459 Mickley, Charles E 459 Miles, Cyrus 459 Miles, Fabius 459 Miles, George 460 Miles, Marcus H 460 Millard, Winfleld S 460 Miller, Albert 461 Miller, Eli R 461 Miller, Henry 461 Miller, John C 461 Miller, John 462 Miller, Joseph 463 Miller, Leonard 463 Miller, Lewis T 463 Miller, Lucien B 462 Miller, Norton L :. 463 Miller, Oliver 463 Miller, Richard C... 463 Millington, Abel 463 Millington, Chas. R 463 Mills, Alfred J. 464 Mills, Charles B 464 Mills, John W 464 Mills, William S 464 Millspaugh, Hiram 465 Minnie, Joseph P 465 Mitchell, Preston 465 Mitchell, Thomas 465 Mitchell, Wm. H. C 466 Mitchell, Wm. T 466 Moe. Otto :.... 466 MofEatt, Orlando 466 Moffatt, Seth C 466 Monfore, Isaac 467 Monroe, Charles J 467 Monroe, Darius 467 Monroe, .James 468 Montague, Daniel N 468 Montague, Henry 468 Montgomery, John 468 Montgomery, Martin V 468 Montgomery, Robert M. 469 Montgomery, William H 469 Montgomery, William R 469 Moody, Wm. J 470 Moon, John W 470 Moore, Alexander H 470 Moore, Charles F 471 Moore, Edward 8 471 Moore, George W 471 Moore, Hiram 471 Moore, Henry M 473 Moore, John 473 Moore, Joseph B 473 Moore, Thomas F i... 472 Moore, William 473 Moorman, Asa P.... 473 PAGE. Moran, Charles 473 Moran, George 473 Morcom, Elisba 474 Morell, George 474 Morey, Peter 475 Morgan, Franklin E 475 >iOrris, Governeur 475 Morris, William 476 Morrison, Alexander H 476 Morrison, Wm. V 476 Morrison, Thomas 477 Morse, Allen B 477 Morse, Chas. H 478 Morse, John L 478 Morse, Richard E 478 Morton, Edward E. 478 Morton, Eurotas 479 Morton, Henrv C. 479 Mosely, William F 480 Mosher, Charles 480 Mosher, Jabez S 480 Moshier, James B 480 Mosher, Thomas H 480 Mottram, William 481 Moulton, Luther V 481 Movius, Julius 481 Mower, Horace 481 Mowry, Zebina M. 482 Moyers, Gilbert 482 Mulhollard, James 483 Mulholland, Samuel 483 Mulvey, John 483 Mundy, Edward.r 483 Munger, Orrin W 483 Munger, William 483 Murphy, John 484 Murphy, Seba 484 Murphy, Wm. W 484 Murray, Andrew 485 Murray, Archibald Y 485 Murray, Lyman 485 Mussey, Dexter 485 Muscott, Newton N 485 Musgrave, Joseph 486 Muzzy, Franklin 48S N. Near, John L 486 Neasmith, James M 486 Neff, Cady 487 Nelson, Charles D 487 Nelson, Edward D 487 Nelson, Wilbur 487 Nevins, John M. 488 Newberry, John S 488 Newberry, Seneca 488 Newcombe, George K 489 Newcomb, Roland B. C 489 Newell, John L 489 Newel], Minor S 489 Newman, Almeron 490 Newton, George 490 Newton, James.. 490 Newton, William 490 Nichols, Lewis A 491 Niles, Johnson 491 Nims, William R 491 Ninde. Thomas 491 Nixon, Samuel 492 Noah, Frank A 492 Noble, Charles 492 Noble, David A 492 Noeker, Frank 493 Norris, Ezra B 493 740 IKDEX. PAGE. Norris, Jason B 493 Norris, Lyman D 494 North, Seth i) 494 North, Townaend 494 Northrop, Darwin B 495 Northrop, Elijah S 495 Northwood, John 495 Norton, Henry A 495 Norton, John D 496 Norton, John M 496 Norton, Pleasant 496 Norvell, John 498 Nowland, Moses R 497 Noyes, Bethuel 494 Noyes, Horace A 497 Noyes, Michael J 498 O. O'Callahan, Jeremiah 498 Ocobock, Horace N 498 O'Dell, James 498 O'Dell, Thomas 498 O'Donnell, James 499 O'Flynn, Cornelius 499 Ogg, Robt. Y 499 O'Grady, James 500 O'Keefe, George A 500 O'Keefe, Richard D 500 Olds, Martin 500 Olin, Charles 501 Oliver, John F 501 O'Malley, Charles M 501 O'Reilly, Bernard 501 Osburn, John M 501 Osburn, Leander D 503 Osburn, Reuben H 503 Osborn, William H 503 Osburn, Charles Y 502 Osmun, Gilbert R 503 Otis, Asa H 503 Oviatt, George 503 Owen, John 504 Owen, John G 504 Owen, Tubal C 504 P. Pack, Albert 505 Packard, Frank S 505 Packard, William 505 Packard, William 0 505 Packer, Henry 506 Paddock, Alfred: 506 Pailthorp, Charles J...-. 506 Paine, Rodney C 50(5 Palmer, Chas. H 507 Palmer, John R 507 Palmer, Lewis G 507 Palmer, Oscar 507 Palmer, Samuel H 508 Palmer, Thomas W 508 Palmer, Walter H 508 Palmerlee, Heman 508 Pardee, Amaziah B 509 Parker, Burton 509 Parker, James H 509 Parker, John 509 Parker, Leonard B.. 510 Parker, Leroy 510 Parker, Sampson 510 Parker, Warren 510 Parkhill, Charles P 510 Parkhurst, Jonathan G 611 Parkhurst, Nathan C 511 PAGE. Parks, Byron F 511 Parmalee, Abner C 511 Parmalee, Linus S 511 Parsons, Andrew 512 Parsons, Fayette 512 Parsons, Jonathan 512 Parsons, Luke H 513 Parsons, Orrin 513 Parsons, S. Titus 513 Partridge, Azariah S 513 Partridge, Ben jamin F 513 Patchin, Jared 514 Patchen. Levi 514 Pattengili, Orlando R 514 Patterson, John C 514 Patterson, Joseph H 515 Patterson, Michael A 515 Pealer, Russell R 515 Pearl, Stephen 515 Pease, William H 515 Peck, Edward W 516 Peck, George W 516 Peirce, Edgar 516 Pendill, James P 516 Pendleton, Edward W 517 Pengra, Olin 517 Pennell, Orrin G 517 Penniman, Ebenezer J 517 Pennington, Henry F 518 Pennoyer, Henry 518 Perham, John B 518 Perkins, Edward Z 518 Perkins, Jabez 519 Perrin, Henry M 519 Perrin, Porter K 519 Perry, Aaron 520 Perry, Edwin 520 Perry, Gideon D 520 Persons, Alonzo E 520 Peters, George 520 Peterson, Jens G 531 Pettit, William H. H 521 Pettit, Timothy H 521 Phelps, Fitch 521 Phelps, John W 521 Phelps, William 622 Philbrick, Nathan S 522 Phillips, Delos 532 Phillips, George W 523 Phillips, John 1 523 Phillips, Nathaniel G 533 Phillips, Pitts 523 Phinney, Edwin R 523 Pierce, Ansel B 524 Pierce, Darius 524 Pierce, John D 534 Pierce, Joseph B 535 Pierce, Nathan 525 Pierce, Onesimus 0 525 Pierce, Peter R. L 525 Pierson, Benjamin 536 Pilcher, Elijah H 536 Pitcher, Washington 526 Pitcher, Zina 537 Pitt, Frederick 527 Pitts, Charles M. 527 Piatt, Zephaniah 537 Plimpton, Emory M 538 Pomroy, EnosA 628 Pond, Alfred 528 Pond, Cornelius V. R 528 Pond, Elihu B 528 Pond, Jared 528 Poppleton, Orrin 5;i9 Poppleton, William 629 Porter, Augustus S 530 IKDEX. 741 PAGE. Porter, George B 530 Porter, James B 530 Porter, John 531 Porter, Lewis 531 Porter, Micah 531 Post, Floyd L 531 Post, Samuel 531 Potter, Allen 532 Potter, Calvin B. 533 Potter, Fordyce H 533 Potter, George N. 532 Poucher, Anthony 533 Powell, Milo 533 Power, Nathan 533 Power, Pliny 533 Power, Robert D 533 Powers, William 531 Powers, William H 534 Pratt, Abner 534 Pratt, Daniel L 534 Pratt, Foster 535 Pratt, William A 535 Pray, Esek. 535 Pray, George 536 Preston, Almon E 536 Preston, S. Horace 536 Prevost, Francis J 536 Price, Layman B 537 Priest, Deliverances 537 Priudle, Clarence W 537 Pringle, Eugene. .' 537 Pritchard, Benjamin D 5J8 Pritchett, Kintzing 538 Probert, William 538 Prutzman, Abraham C 538 Pallen, Nicholas W 539 Pulver, Henry H 539 Purcell, William 539 Putnam, Uzziel, Jr 539 R. Rairden, John 540 Ralph, Stillman 540 Ramsdell, Jonathan G 540 Ramsdell, Norton R 541 Ramsdell, Thomas J 541 Randall, Caleb D 541 Randall, Harvey 541 Rankin, Francis H 542 Ranney, Lemuel S 542 Ranney, Peyton. 542 Ransom, EpapLroditus 543-3 Ransom, Fletcher 544 Ransom, James W 544 Raymond, Henry 544 Raymond, Henry S 545 Raymond, Hiram' 515 Raymond, Mahlon H 545 Raynale, Ebanezer 546 Read, Gilbert E 546 Reader, George H 546 Red field, Alexander H. 546 Redfleld, George 547 Redflold, Heman J 547 Reed, Charles P 547 Reed, Lucien 548 Reed, Marshal 548 Reed, Rasselas 548 Reilly, Cornelius J 548 Remer, Lawrence T 548 Remick, George B 549 Reno, John i. 549 Rentz, Theodore 549 Renwick, George 549 8 + PAGE. Renwick, John 550 Reynolds, Asa 550 Reynolds. Edwin W 550 Rice, John A. 5,51 Rice, Justin 551 Rich, Hampton 551 Rich, John T 551 Richard, Gabriel 553 Richards, Wm. P 552 Richardson, David M 553 Richardson, Geo. F 553 Richardson, John H 553 Richardson, Origen D 553 Richardson, Paschal 554 Richmond, Charles H 554 Richmond, Charles L 554 Richmond, Wm. A 554 Rider, Ira 555 Riford, Almond B. 555 Riley, Henry H 555 Riopelle, Claude N 556 Riopelle, Hyacinthe F 556 Ripley, Thomas C 556 Risdon, Orange 556 Rix, Oel 557 Robbins, Richard B 557 Roberts, Elijah J 557 Roberts, John 557 Robertson, Alexander 558 Robertson, Andrew S 558 Robertson, George 558 Robinso^^ Elisha S 558 RoDinson, George J 559 Robinson, George P 559 Robinson, James W 559 Robinson, Rix 559 Robinson, Robert. 559 Robinson, Solon E 560 Robinson, Walter 560 Robison, Andrew 560 Robison, John J 560 Rock wood, Chandler H 561 Rogers, Jeremiah M 561 Romeyn, James W 561 Rood, Horace D 561 Roof, Albert K 561 Roof, Adam L 563 Roost, John 562 RDot, Amos 563 Root, Roland 563 Root, Roswell 563 Root, Wm. W 563 Rork, Asa D 564 Rose, David G 564 Rose, EliasO 564 Robertson, John 565 Rose.Wm. H, 565 Ross, Giles 565 Ross, John D 565 Rounsville, Frank G 566 Row, Samuel H 566 Rowe, Squire W. 566 Rowland, David H 566 Rowland, Thomas 567 Rowlson, Harvey B 567 Ruehle, JohnV 667 Rummel, John G 568 Rumsey, Marshall E 568 Runyan, Hiram D 56S Runyan, Philip E 569 Russell, Frederick J 569 Russell, Henry C 569 Russell, James 1 569 Russell, Josiah 569 742 INDEX. S. PAGE. Sackett, David 570 Sackrider, George W 570 Salyer, Nathan 570 Sanborn, Cummings 570 Sanborn, Jas. W 571 Sanborn, William 571 Sanderson, Rudolphus 571 Sanford, Geo. P 572 Sannders, Harry 57^ Sawyer, Andrew J 572 Sawyer, Franklin, Jr 573 Sawyer, Jacob C 573 Schars, Peter 573 Schattler, Casper F 573 Schermerliorn, Barthol. W 574 Schoolcraft, Henry R 574 Schwarz, John E 574 Scott, John • 575 Scott, Samuel M 575 Scott, Winfleld 575 Sedgwick, George 575 Seeley, Elijah B. 576 Sellers, L. Mcknight 576 Sessions, Alonzo 576 Sessions, William 577 Seward, Julian M 577 Sexton, Jared A 577 Seymour, Elisha G 577 Seymour, Henry 577 Seymour, Henry W 578 Seymour, James 578 Shanahan, Edward 578 Shank, Hulbert B 578 Sharp, John C 579 Sharpe, Peter 579 Sharts, Derwin W 580 Shattuck, Gilbert 580 Shattuck, Wlllard 580 Shaw, Brackley 580 Shaw, Henry A 580 Shaw, James 581 Shearer, James 581 Shearer, Jonathan 581 Shearman, Francis W 582 Sheldon, Charles P 582 Sheldon, Horace J 582 Sheldon, James 583 Sheldon, Newton 583 Sheldon, Timothy F 583 Sheley, Alanson 583 Shepard, James M 584 Shepard, Luman 584 Shepherd, Thomas 584 Sherman, Benjamin 585 Sherwood, Alonzo 585 Sherwood, George.. i 585 Sherwood, Harvey C 585 Sherwood, Thomas R 585 Shetterly, Seth K 586 Shier, Charles 586 Shipman, John B 586 Shoemaker, Joseph P 587 Shoemaker, Michael 587 Shook, David 587 Shook, Jacob 588 Shorts, Philip P 588 Sibley, Solomon 588 Sickles. Aaron 588 Sill, John M. B 589 Silver, Abiel 589 Simonson, James B 589 Simpson, Emery H 590 Sinclair, Daniel D 590 Skinner, Ellas M 590 PAGE^ Slafter, David G 590 Slayton, Thomas J 591 Sloan, Daniel D 591 Slocum, Albert B 591 Slocum, Elliott T 591 Smith, AbnerC 591 Smith, Abram 592" Smith, Amos 592 Smith, Andrew J 592 Smith, Aura 592 Smith, C. Clifford 59a Smith, Davis. 593 Smith, Ezekiel C 593 Smith, Frank L 593 Smith, George A 594 Smith, George M 59t Smith, Henry 694 SmitQ, Henry C 694 Smith, Hiram.. 595' Smith, Hiram H 695 Smith, James L 59& Smith, Jeremiah R 695 Smith, John S 596 Smith, Joseph 696 Smith, LeGrand J 696 Smith, Morgan L 596 Smith, Nathan D. 597 Smith, Perrin M 697 Smith, Robert B 697 Smith, Samuel L 597 Smith, Sidney T 697 Smith, Samuel W 698 Smith, ThaddeusG 698 Smith, Vernon H 698 Smith, William H 698 Smith, William T 699 Snell, William 599 Snow, Byron A 599 Snow, Fielder S 699- Snow, William T 699 Snyder, Stephen F 600 Soule, Milo €00 Spafford, Charles 60O Sparks, Levi 600' Spaulding, Erastus 600 Spaulding, Oliver L 601 Speed, John J 601 Spen(;e, Thomas R €02 Spencer, Asa 602 Spencer, Grove 602 Spencer, Horace C 602 Spencer, James W 603 Spencer, Michael 603 Sprague, RoUin iidS Sprague, Roger 603 Sprague, Wm 603 Sprague, Wm. B ....^.. 603- Stafford, Henry H 604 Standish, John H 604 Stanchfield, Oliver 0 605 Stannard, Abiel S 605- Stanton, Erastus H 605 Staples, Hiram E 605 Stark, George P 606 Starkey, Lewis F 60Q Starkweather, George A 606 St. Aubin, Francis C 606 St. Clair, William M 607 St. John, John B 607 Stearns, Benton R 607 Steele, Amos E. 607 Steele, George E 607 Steere, Joseph H 608 Stephens William M... 608^ Stephenson, Robert 608 Stephenson, Samuel M 609- INDEX. 743 PAGE. Stetson, Ezra 609 Stevens, Amos 609 Stevens, Appleton 610 Stevens, Fitz H 610 Stevens, Herman W 610 Stevens, Hestor L 610 Stevens, Horace — 611 Stevens, John J 611 Stevens, Stephen R 611 Stevens, William C 611 Stevens, William N 612 Stewart, Edwin 612 Stewart, James 612 Stickney. William W 612 Stillson, Eli L 613 Stinchcomb, Joseph W 613 Stockbridge, Francis B 613 Stockton, John 613 Stockwell, Martin P 614 Stoddard. Cameron C 614 Stoddard, Jesse 614 Stoddard, William 614 Stone, Charles W 614 Stone, Clement W 615 Stone, Hiram 615 Stone, John W 615 Storrs, Wales F 616 Stoughton, Wm. L 616 Stout, Byron G 616 Stout, David B 616 Stowe, Isaac 617 Stowell, Alexander H 617 Strang, James J 617 Street, Samuel 618 Strickland, Randolph 618 Striker, Daniel 618 Striker, Gilbert 619 Strobridge, Oliver P 619 Strong, John 619 Strong, John, Jr 619 Strong, ?»lyron 619 Strong, Sylvester A 620 Struble, John 620 Stuart, Charles E 620 Stuart, David 621 Stuart, Patrick 621 Stuart, Robert 621 Sturgis, David. 622 Sullivan, James 622 Summers, Jacob 623 Sumner, John J 623 Sutherland, James B ^ 623 Sutherland, Jabez G 623 Sutton, Edwin 624 Sutton, George 624 Sutton, Nathan E 624 Sutton, William C 624 Sweetland, John B 625 Sweezey, James A 625 Swegles, John 625 Sweeney, James H 626 Swift, George W 626 Swift, John M 626 Swift, Orson 627 Swift, William F 627 Swineford, Albert P 627 T. Tacles, Alexander 627 Taegart, Moses 628 Taft, Levi B 628 Tappan, Henry P 628 Tarbell, Horace S '.. 629 Tarsney, Timothy E 629 Taylor, Charles H 629 PAGE. Taylor, Daniel W 629 Taylor, George E 6S0 Taylor. Henry W 630 Taylor, Lorison J 630 Taylor, William H 631 Ten Eyck, Conrad 631 Ternes, Peter ?.. 631 Tenney, Harriet A 631 Tenney, Jess-e E 632 Terry, Henry D 632 Thayer, George W 633 Thayer, Nahum 633 Thayer, Simeon M 633 Thomas, George 633 Thomas, Henry F 634 Thomas, John 634 Thomas, William 634 Thomas, Zimri D 634 Thompson, Almon A 635 Thompson, Albert 635 Thompson, Charles C 635 Thompson, George W 635 Thompson, Henry W 635 Thompson, Jeremiah D. 636 Thompson, Robert 636 Thompson, Robert R 636 Thomson, Edward H 636 Thomson, John S 637 Thorpe, Calvin J 637 Throop, George B 637 Thurber, Jefferson G 637 Tibbitts, John S 638 Tiffany, Alexander R 638 Tilden, Junius. 639 Tillson, Philo 639 Tindall, Jefferson K 639 Tinham, Alexander 639 Tinney, Rufus 639 Tobey, Braf'ey 640 Toll, Isaac D 640 Tompkins, James B 640 Tompkins, William M 641 Tooker, J< nn S 641 Torrey, Joseph W 641 Tower, Osmond 641 Town, Oka 642 Town, William B 642 Towne, AmosC 642 Townsend, Uriel 642 Train, Jarvis C 643 Traver, William R 643 Treat, Loren L 643 Tripp. Charles 643 Trowbridge, Charles C 643 Trowbridge, Rowland E 644 Trowbridge, Stephen V. R 644 Tupper, Morgan 645 Tupper, Myron 645 Turck, William S 645 Turnbull, James D 645 Turner, George B 646 Turner, James 646 Turner, James M 647 Turner, Jerome W 647 Turrer, Jesse F 647 Turner, John W 648 Turner, Josiah 648 Turner, Milo H 649 Turner, Stanley W 649 Turrill, James 649 Tuttle, Jonathan B 649 Tuttle, Warren 650 Twaddell, Rodney K 650 Twombly, Royal T J'SO Tyler, Columbus V 6:.0 Tyler, Comfort 650 744 INDEX. U. PAGE. Ul rich, Madison J 651 Underwood, Daniel K 651 Upson, A. 1 651 Upson, Charles 651 Upton, Daniel 653 Upton, William W 652 Utley, William S... 653 V. Valade, Joseph L 653 Van Aken, George W 653 Van Dusen, Lawrence 653 Van Duser, Zachariah 654 Van Every, Peter 654 Van Husan, Caleb 654 Van Kleeck, James 655 Van Loo, Cornelius 655 Van Orth wick, Aaron A 655 Van Raalte, Dirk B. K 656 Van Riper, Jacob J 656 Van Scoy, Rowland S 656 Van Vleet, James 657 Van Zile, Philip T 657 Vaughn, James C 657 Veenfliet, George F 658 Vicary, Walter 658 Vickery, Stephen 658 Videto, James 658 Vincent, Edward 659 Vinton, David J r 659 Voorhees, Emory B 659 Voorhies, Hiram 659 Voorhies, Isaac I 660 Voorheis, Sebring 660 Vowles, George 660 Vroman, John J 660 W. Wade, Silas A 660 Wadhams, Ralph 661 Wagner, John 661 Wait, Jonathan G 661 Waite, Benjamin W 662 Wakefield, Daniel B 662 Wakeman, Marcus 663 Walbridge, David S 662 Waldo, Campbell 663 Waldron, Henry 663 Walker, Arnold 663 Walker, Alvah H 664 Walker, Benjamin 664 Walker, Charles 1 664 Walker, DeWitt C 665 Walker, Edward C 665 Walker, Frederick 665 Walker, Henry N 665 Walker, Henry T 666 Walker, James B 666 Walker, John 667 Walker, Levi 667 Walker, Samuel S 667 Walker, Sylvester 668 Walkinshaw, James 668 Wallace, John B 668 Wallin, Franklin B. 668 Walthew, George W 669 Walton, Andrew 669 Walton, Jacob 669 Waltz, Joseph 669 Ward, Edgar B 669 Ward, Lyman M 670 Ward, Robert E 670 PAGE. Warden, Robert 670 Waring, Guernsey P 671 Warner, Edward A 671 Warner, Harvey 671 Warner, P. Dean 671 Warner, William 671 Warner, William Q72 Warner, William E 672 Warren, Asa K 672 Warren, Robert L 673 Warren, Samuel N 673 Warren, Stephen H 67? Washburn, Norman B 673 Waterbury, John C 674 Watkins, Charles W 674 Watkins, Erwin C 674 Watkins, Freeman C 675 Watkins, Milton C. 675 Watson, Frank H 675 Watson, Henry 675 Wattb, John W.. 676 Weatherby, Charles W 676 Webb, Nathan 676 Webber, Andrew J 676 Webber, George W 677 Webber, William L 677 Webster, Alanson J 677 Webster, James 678 Weier, Joseph 678 Weir, James D 678 Weiss, Henry W 678 Welch, Henry B 679 Welch, John 679 Welch, John B 679 Welker, Erastus J.... 679 Wellman, Chas 679 Wells, Franklin 680 Wells, Frederick L 680 Wells, Henry B 680 Wells, Hezekiah G 680 Wells, Henry H 681 Wells, Marf-hall M 681 Wells, William P. 681 i Wendell, George 682 ! Wendell, John A 682 I Wesson, William B 682 Westgate, Ansel W 682 West, Thomas J 688 Westover, Luther 683 Wetherbee, Hezekiah 683 Wheeler, Amos R 683 I Wheeler, Calvin 684 Wheeler, Harrison H 684 Wheeler, Isaac P 684 Wheeler, James 684 Wheeler, Lycurgus J 684 Whipple, Charles W 686 Whipple, Henry L 685 White, Alpheus 685 White, Darwin O.. 686 White, Frank G 636 White, George H 686 White, James E 686 ; White, James H 686 White, Jonathan R 687 White, Oliver K 687 White, Orrin 687 White, Peter 687 White, Shubael 688 White, Thomas 688 • White, Thomas W 688 White, William E 688 Whiting, Henry 689 I Whiting, Justin R 689 ! Whitney, Luther D 689 : Whitney, Nathan 690 INDEX. 745 PAGE. I Wiggins, William H 690 Wight, Buckminster 690 Wight, Stanley G 690 ; Wilber, Mark D 690 Wilbur, Charles A 691 Wilcox, Albert-- 691 : Wilcox, Elliott R 691 I Wilcox, Marcus B 692 ; Wilcox, William S 693 ' Wilder, Daniel G 693 Wiley, David W 693 , Wiley, Jefferson 693 Wilkerson, Alfred 693 Wilkins, Ross 693 ! Wilkins, Samuel M 694 | Wilkinson, Daniel S 694 Wi Hard, George 694 Willard Isaac W 694 ! Willett, A. Milan 695 Willett, John 695 Williams, Albert 695 ; Williams, Alpheus S 696 i Williams, Asa 696 Williams, Anthony 696 Williams, Buel M 697 ! Williams, Edwin R 697 ' Williams, Fitch R 697 Williams, Gardner D 697 Williams, Harvey 698 ' Williams, James A 698 Williams, Jeremiah D 698 Williams, John R 698 Williams, Joseph R 699 Williams, Theodore 699 Williams, Thomas H 699 Williams, Walter W 699 Williams, William B 700 Williams, William D 700 Williams, Zebulon 700 Willits, Baron B 700 Willits, Edwin 701 Willits, Warren J 701 Wilson, Jeremiah C 701 Wilson, John B 701 Wilson, Farwell A 703 Wilson, Joshua 703 Wilson, Louis T.N 703 Wilson. Philo 703 Wilson, Robert S 703 Wilson, Thomas M 703 Wilson, William B 703 Wiltse, Jacob M 703 Winans, Edwin B 703 Winchell, Amaziah 704 Winchell, Jerome 704 Wing, Austin E 704 Wing, Giles M 7C5 Wing, Warner 705 Wing, Washington 705 Winsor, Richard 706 Winters, James 706 Wisner, Chauncev W 706 Wisner, George W 706 PAGE. Wif-ner, Moses 707 Witherbee, Elijah B 707 Witherell, Benj. F. H 708 Witherell, James 708 Withington, William H 709 Withey, Solomon L 709 Wixom, Isaac .- 710 Wixen, Levi L 710 Wixson, Daniel 711 Wixson, Joshua 711 Wolcott, Grove H 711 Wood, Alfred B 711 Wood, Charles M 712 Wood, Edwin K 712 Wood, Henry L 712 Wood, James C 712 Wood. Thomas 712 Woodbridge, William 713 Woodhouse, Lemuel 714 Woodman, Elias S 714 Woodman, Jonathan J 714 Woodruff, Albert N 714 Woodruff, George 715 Wordruff, Henry 715 Woodruff, Newton R 715 Woodward, Augustus B 715 Woodward, David A 716 Woodward, Hiel 716 Woodward. Lysander 716 Woodworth, John D 716 Woodworth, Thomas B 717 Woolnough, Walter W 717 Worden, Robert, Jr 717 Whittemore, Bernard C 718 Whittemore, Gideon 0 718 Wright, David A 718 Wright, Hamilton M 718 Wright, Horatio 718 Wyckoff, Heman A 719 Wyllis, George (J 719 Wyman, Henry 719 Y. Yaple, George L 719 Yarrington, Charles 720 Yawkey, Samuel W 720 Yeckley, George G. B 720 Yeomans, Sanford A 7^ Yerkes, George 720 Yerkes, William 721 Yocum,JohnK 721 Yost, Chester 721 Young, Ambrose P 7^ Young, H. Olin 7^ Young, S. Perry 7^ Younglove, George 732 Z. Zimmerman, Elisha 722 PQ H •H «^ u u o U o -Pi CD! ^1 Oji UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY Do not re move the card from this Pocket. Acme Library Card Pocket Under Pat. "Kef. Index File." Made by LIBRARY BUREAU